Celdas Historia

Week 1. History of electric vehicles. Lecture 1.2.
Lessons of history.
EV falling down.
Batteries, Fuel Cells, and their role in modern society
Dmitry Pelegov. Ural Federal University
2
Electric cars:
1910 Dawn
1930 Oblivion
Batteries, fuel cells and their role in modern society. Dmitry Pelegov. Ural Federal University
3
Why?
Oil boom 4
1. A lot of oil. Rise of oil production in Texas
Spindle Top Oil Field http://gladyscity.weebly.com/spindletop-history.html

Oil boom 5
1. A lot of oil. Rise of oil production in Texas, Oklahoma
Glenn Pool, Tulsa

http://www.therealstreetz.com/
2014/12/12/photos-oklahoma-tulsa-2-okc/
Oil boom 6
1. A lot of oil. Rise of oil production in Texas, Oklahoma, California
Summerland
Oil Field
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Summerland_Oil_Field
7
1. A lot of cheap oil.

In 20th century US was
the largest oil producer
8

(stored energy)…
2. Lack of electricity.
… (has to be generated)
Electrification 9
1881 – central station at Godalming, Surrey, UK

1882 – Edison's Pearl Street Station, NY, USA
1890 – 1 000 central stations
Was electricity able
to beat fossil fuel?
Electrification 10
1881 – central station at Godalming, Surrey, UK

1882 – Edison's Pearl Street Station, NY, USA
most of stations needed fossil fuel to burn
Electrification 11
Gasoline car (early 1900th):

Fossil fuel (oil) is burned to move a car
Electric car (early 1900th):

Fossil fuel (coal or oil) is burned to rotate a
generator, electricity is stored in battery, and
electricity moves a car
12
What about
renewables?
Renewables 13
1936 – Hoover’s Dam opening (1 345 MW)

1 345 MW × 24 hours = 32 380 MW∙h
P1’s lead-acid battery (2V) – 300 A∙h or 600 W∙h
32 380 000 000 / 600 = 53 000 000 cars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam
Renewables 14

1 345 MW × 24 hours = 32 380 MW∙h
P1’s lead-acid battery (2V) – 300 A∙h or 600 W∙h
32 380 000 000 / 600 = 53 000 000 cars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam
A small portion of calculations 15

1 345 MW × 24 hours = 32 380 MW∙h
P1’s lead-acid battery (2V) – 0.6 kW∙h
32 380 000 000 / 600 = 53 000 000 P1 cars
16
1936
Hoover’s Dam
opening
Renewables 17
1882 – Edison’s Vulcan Street Plant, Appleton, WI

12.5 kW × 24 hours = 300 000 W∙h
300 000 / 600 = 500 cars
https://www.asme.org/about-asme/engineering- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
history/landmarks/29-vulcan-street-power-plant Vulcan_Street_Plant
1882 – Edison’s Vulcan Street Plant

12.5 kW × 24 hours = 300 kW∙h
300 / 0.6 = 500 P1 cars charged

12.5 kW × 8 hours = 100 kW∙h overnight
100 / 0.6 = 167 P1 cars charged overnight

12.5 kW × 8 hours = 100 kW∙h overnight
Batteries for Tesla Model S – 70 ÷ 100 kW∙h
Electrification 21
Hydro power plants are usually located

far away from the main part of consumers
More time and funds were required
for further electrification
Electrification 22
More time and funds

were required
for further electrification
23
Gasoline
was more convenient
commodity than
electricity
24

(stored energy)…
2. Lack of electricity.
… (has to be generated)
3. Interstate
Highway System
developing
25
Focus change (travels):

in-city
↓
intercity
↓
interstate
Interstates 26
1913 – Lincoln Highway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Highway

Interstates 27
3 389 miles (5 454 km)

Interstates 28
Further development driven by

Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 ($75 million for 5 years)

Interstates 29
Gasoline was more convenient commodity than electricity

for long-range driving

Gasoline car maturing 30
1. A lot of oil…
2. … and lack of electricity.
3. Interstate Highway System developing.
4. Competing technologies maturing,
including rapid progress in internal combustion engine
design and electric starter invention
31
1. A lot of cheap oil...

2. … lack of electricity
3. Interstates
4. Competing
technologies
maturing
Technologies for gasoline cars

maturing and electric starter invention
1912
Crank-starting an automobile
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/25/women
andtechnology.shtml

maturing and electric starter invention
Electric car was the choice

of wealthy women
http://www.dejohnsonauthor.com/
detroit-electric.html

maturing and electric starter
invention
1911
Charles Kettering
with his invention
U.S. Patent 1,150,523
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Charles_Kettering
35
1. A lot of cheap oil...

2. … lack of electricity
3. Interstates
4. Competing
technologies maturing
5. Price …
EV falling down 36
Henry Ford with Ford Model T

http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Ford_Model_T
37
Car prices in 1914:

$600 gasoline car
$1750 electric car
38
Car prices in 1914:

$600 gasoline car
$600 EV battery
upgrade
EV falling down 39
EV became dead-end
branch of evolution
EV falling down 40
1910 Detroit Electric Model D, driving distance – 160 km

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2262827/
EV falling down 41
1910
Detroit Electric Model D
“Evolutionary dead end has turned
into be way ahead of its time”
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2262827/
Lessons of history 42
Four lessons of history
Point 1
EVs need electric power

generation and grids
Point 1
EVs need renewables

and smart-grids
Point 2
Range and fast charging

does matter
Point 3
Related technology
can play a significant role
Point 4
Electric car is good,

but price is crucial
Point 2
Electric car is good,

but battery price is crucial

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Week 1. History of electric vehicles. Lecture 1.2.

1. A lot of oil. Rise of oil production in Texas

Spindle Top Oil Field http://gladyscity.weebly.com/spindletop-history.html

1. A lot of oil. Rise of oil production in Texas, Oklahoma

Glenn Pool, Tulsa

1. A lot of oil. Rise of oil production in Texas, Oklahoma, California

1. A lot of cheap oil.

1. A lot of cheap oil.

1881 – central station at Godalming, Surrey, UK

1881 – central station at Godalming, Surrey, UK

Gasoline car (early 1900th):

Electric car (early 1900th):

1936 – Hoover’s Dam opening (1 345 MW)

1936 – Hoover’s Dam opening (1 345 MW)

1936 – Hoover’s Dam opening (1 345 MW)

1882 – Edison’s Vulcan Street Plant, Appleton, WI

1882 – Edison’s Vulcan Street Plant

1882 – Edison’s Vulcan Street Plant

1882 – Edison’s Vulcan Street Plant

Hydro power plants are usually located

More time and funds

1. A lot of cheap oil.

Focus change (travels):

1913 – Lincoln Highway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Highway

3 389 miles (5 454 km)

1913 – Lincoln Highway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Highway

Further development driven by

1913 – Lincoln Highway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Highway

Gasoline was more convenient commodity than electricity

1913 – Lincoln Highway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Highway

1. A lot of cheap oil...

Technologies for gasoline cars

Technologies for gasoline cars

Electric car was the choice

Technologies for gasoline cars

1. A lot of cheap oil...

Henry Ford with Ford Model T

Car prices in 1914:

Car prices in 1914:

1910 Detroit Electric Model D, driving distance – 160 km

Four lessons of history

EVs need electric power

EVs need renewables

Range and fast charging

Electric car is good,

Electric car is good,

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