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    Chapter Six Conclusions and References

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    Osama Mohammed
    This document summarizes the conclusions and recommendations from a study investigating friction stir welding of AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy plates. The key conclusions are that tool rotational speed was the most influential parameter, and the optimal tool rotational speed that produced defect-free joints was 700 RPM. Recommendations include using assistance methods like laser or electrical assistance during friction stir welding to provide an extra heat source.

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    Chapter Six Conclusions and References

    Uploaded by

    Osama Mohammed
    26 views6 pages
    This document summarizes the conclusions and recommendations from a study investigating friction stir welding of AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy plates. The key conclusions are that tool rotational speed was the most influential parameter, and the optimal tool rotational speed that produced defect-free joints was 700 RPM. Recommendations include using assistance methods like laser or electrical assistance during friction stir welding to provide an extra heat source.

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    This document summarizes the conclusions and recommendations from a study investigating friction stir welding of AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy plates. The key conclusions are that tool rotational speed was the most influential parameter, and the optimal tool rotational speed that produced defect-free joints was 700 RPM. Recommendations include using assistance methods like laser or electrical assistance during friction stir welding to provide an extra heat source.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views6 pages

    Chapter Six Conclusions and References

    Uploaded by

    Osama Mohammed
    This document summarizes the conclusions and recommendations from a study investigating friction stir welding of AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy plates. The key conclusions are that tool rotational speed was the most influential parameter, and the optimal tool rotational speed that produced defect-free joints was 700 RPM. Recommendations include using assistance methods like laser or electrical assistance during friction stir welding to provide an extra heat source.

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    You are on page 1of 6

    CHAPTER SIX

    CONCLUSIONS AND REFERENCES


    6.1. Conclusions:

    In this investigation, an attempt has been made to determine the ability of forming a
    butt joint by means of friction stir welding of AA2024-T3 Aluminum alloy plates, and
    study the effect of tool rotational speed, tool welding speed and shoulder diameter on
    the tensile characteristics of the friction stir welded joint of AA2024-T3 Aluminum
    plates. From this investigation, the following important conclusions are derived:

    1) Friction stir welding joints of AA2024 aluminum alloy were successfully


    attained.
    2) The tool rotational speed was found to be the most effective parameter on the
    friction stir welding of the joints.
    3) The joint made with the experiment number 6 in Table.4.8.exhibited the
    highest tensile strength and had no defects.
    4) The optimum tool shoulder diameter giving superior tensile properties was
    found 18 mm.
    5) The optimum tool rotational speed which produced defect-free joint was found
    to be 700 RPM.

    6.2. Recommendations:

    1) Use an assistance method during the process of friction stir welding to provide
    an extra heat source such as laser assisted and electrically assisted FSW.
    2) Use the ultrasonic vibrations to provide softening to the workpiece during the
    welding process.
    3) Use other parameters such as tool pin profile, tilt angle and plunge depth
    which have been proved to have a significant effect on the FSW based on
    literature review.
    4) Use software to determine the optimum values of the parameters being studied
    in the investigation.
    5) Use a suitable cutting technique of the workpiece sheet to provide smooth and
    high quality surface to achieve perfect contact between the two plates before
    welding.
    6) The tool material should have high hardness, hot hardness, fracture toughness
    and wear resistance.
    7) Ensuring a very good fixation of the plates during the welding process to
    avoid any defects.

    6.3. References:

    [2] K. Elangovan and V. Balasubramanian, ―Influences of pin profile and rotational


    speed of the tool on the formation of the friction stir processing zone in AA2219
    aluminum alloy‖ Materials science and engineering 27th of December 2006.

    [3] K. Elangovan, V. Balasubramanian and M. Valliappan, ―Effect of Tool Pin Profile


    and Tool Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6061
    Aluminum Alloy.‖ Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2008.

    [4] M. K. Kulekci, A. Şik and E. Kaluç, ―Effects of tool rotation and pin diameter on
    fatigue properties of friction stir welded lap joints.‖ Springer-Verlag London Limited
    2006.

    [5] T. S. Mahmoud, A. M. Gaafer and T. A. Khalifa, ―Effect of tool rotational and


    welding speeds on microstructural and mechanical characteristics of friction stir
    welded A319 cast Al alloy‖. Materials Science and Technology 2008.
    [6] D. Trimple, G.E. O’Donnell and J. Monaghan, ―Characterisation of tool shape
    and rotational speed for increased speed during friction stir welding of AA2024-T3.‖
    Journal of manufacturing processes 2014.

    [7] J. Yan, M. A. Sutton and A. P. Reynolds, ―Process–structure–property


    relationships for nugget and heat affected zone regions of AA2524–T351 friction stir
    welds.‖ Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 2005.

    [8] L. Q. Lia and H. J. Liu, ―Effects of tool rotation speed on microstructures and
    mechanical properties of AA2219-T6 welded by the external non-rotational shoulder
    assisted friction stir welding.‖ Materials and Design 2012.

    [9] H.J. Liu, J.C. Hou and H. Gou, ―Effect of welding speed on microstructure and
    mechanical properties of self-reacting friction stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy.‖
    Materials and Design 2013.

    [10] M. N. James, D. G. Hattingh and G. R. Bradley, ―Weld tool travel speed effects
    on fatigue life of friction stir welds in 5083 Aluminum.‖ International Journal of
    Fatigue 2003.

    [11] H.J. Liu, H.J. Zhang and L. Yu, ―Effect of welding speed on microstructures and
    mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded 2219 aluminum alloy.‖
    Materials and Design 2010.

    [12] T. Sakthivel, G.S. Sengar and J. Mukhopadhyay, ―Effect of welding speed on


    microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded aluminum.‖
    Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008.
    [13] K. Elangovan and V. Balasubramanian ―Influences of tool pin profile and
    welding speed on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA2219 Aluminum
    alloy.‖ Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2008.

    [14] P. Cavaliere, A. Squillace and F. Panella, ―Effect of welding parameters on


    mechanical and microstructural properties of AA6082 joints produced by friction stir
    welding.‖ Journal of Material Processing Technology 2008.

    [15] K. Elangovan and V. Balasubramanian, ―Influences of tool pin profile and tool
    shoulder diameter on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA6061
    Aluminum alloy.‖ Materials and Design 2008.

    [16] K. Kumar, S. V. Kailas and T. S. Srivatsan, ―Influence of Tool Geometry in


    Friction Stir Welding.‖ Materials and Manufacturing Processes Jan 2008.

    [17] M. Mehta, A. Arora, A. De and T. Debroy, ―Tool Geometry for Friction Stir
    Welding—Optimum Shoulder Diameter.‖ Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A
    – Springer September 2011.

    [18] N. Z. Khan, Z. A. Khan and A. N. Siddiquee, ―Effect of shoulder diameter to pin


    diameter (D/d) ratio on tensile strength of friction stir welded 6063 Aluminum alloy.‖
    Materials Today: Proceedings 2 (2015).

    [19] G. Padmanaban and V. Balasubramanian, ―Selection of FSW tool pin profile,


    shoulder diameter and material for joining AZ31B magnesium alloy – An
    experimental approach.‖ Materials and Design 2009.
    [20] S. Amini and M. R. Amiri, ―Study of ultrasonic vibrations’ effect on friction stir
    welding.‖ 9th of April 2014.

    [21] N. A. Muhammad and C.S. Wu, ―Ultrasonic vibration assisted friction stir
    welding of Aluminum alloy and pure copper.‖ Journal of Manufacturing Processes
    2014.

    [22] K. Park, DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC ASSISTED


    FRICTION STIR WELDING PROCESS, 2014.

    [23] S. L. Campanelli, G. Casalino, C. Casavola and V. Moramarco, ―Analysis and


    Comparison of Friction Stir Welding and Laser Assisted Friction Stir Welding of
    Aluminum Alloy.‖ 18 December 2013.

    [24] Y.F. Sun, Y. Konishi, M. Kamai, H. Fujii, ―Microstructure and mechanical


    properties of S45C steel prepared by laser-assisted friction stir welding.‖

    [25] Xun Liu Shuhuai Lan Jun Ni, ―Electrically assisted friction stir welding for
    joining Al6061 to TRIP 780 steel.‖ Journal of Materials and Processing
    Technology, December 2014.

    [26] T. G. Santosa, R.M. Mirandaa, P. Vilac¸ ―Friction Stir Welding assisted by


    electrical Joule effect.‖ Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 6 March 2014.

    [27] M. A. Wahid, Z. A. Khan and A. N. Siddiquee, ―Review on underwater friction


    stir welding: A variant of friction stir welding with great potential of improving joint
    properties‖. 18 April 2018.

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