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    Practical 9 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dr. P V Krishna Reddy
    This document describes experiments to demonstrate the effects of high temperature and chemicals on cell membrane permeability using beetroot. Beetroot cells contain red pigment that will leak out and color the water if the cell membranes are damaged. In one experiment, beetroot discs are exposed to increasing temperatures from 30-80°C, with greater coloring observed at higher temperatures, indicating more membrane damage. A second experiment exposes beetroot discs to solutions like water, alcohol, chloroform and oil to observe pigment leakage and membrane effects.

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    Practical 9 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dr. P V Krishna Reddy
    178 views3 pages
    This document describes experiments to demonstrate the effects of high temperature and chemicals on cell membrane permeability using beetroot. Beetroot cells contain red pigment that will leak out and color the water if the cell membranes are damaged. In one experiment, beetroot discs are exposed to increasing temperatures from 30-80°C, with greater coloring observed at higher temperatures, indicating more membrane damage. A second experiment exposes beetroot discs to solutions like water, alcohol, chloroform and oil to observe pigment leakage and membrane effects.

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    This document describes experiments to demonstrate the effects of high temperature and chemicals on cell membrane permeability using beetroot. Beetroot cells contain red pigment that will leak out and color the water if the cell membranes are damaged. In one experiment, beetroot discs are exposed to increasing temperatures from 30-80°C, with greater coloring observed at higher temperatures, indicating more membrane damage. A second experiment exposes beetroot discs to solutions like water, alcohol, chloroform and oil to observe pigment leakage and membrane effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    178 views3 pages

    Practical 9 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dr. P V Krishna Reddy
    This document describes experiments to demonstrate the effects of high temperature and chemicals on cell membrane permeability using beetroot. Beetroot cells contain red pigment that will leak out and color the water if the cell membranes are damaged. In one experiment, beetroot discs are exposed to increasing temperatures from 30-80°C, with greater coloring observed at higher temperatures, indicating more membrane damage. A second experiment exposes beetroot discs to solutions like water, alcohol, chloroform and oil to observe pigment leakage and membrane effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    22.........

    Practical work

    9. Demonstration of the effects of high temperature and


    chemicals on the permeability of cell membranes

    Living beetroot cells are suitable materials to demonstrate


    the effects of high temperature and chemicals on the
    permeability of cell membranes. Beetroot contains a red
    pigment called anthocyanin, which is located in the large
    central vacuoles of the beetroot cells. As long as the cells
    and their membranes are intact, the anthocyanin will
    remain inside the vacuoles. However, if the membranes
    are damaged, anthocyanin will leak out and produce a red
    colour in the water surrounding the beetroot. The intensity
    of red colour in the water can be used to assess the degree
    of damage to living membranes by different factors.

    High temperature and organic solvents e.g. alcohols,


    denature membrane proteins and increase the fluidity of
    membrane lipids. Organic solvents at high concentrations
    can also dissolve lipids. Acetone, alcohol and chloroform
    are organic solvents that severely destroy membranes.

    A. By high temperature

    Procedure
    1. Use a cork borer to cut cylinders of tissue from a
    beetroot.
    2. Cut the cylinders of beetroot into thin discs of
    about 3 mm thick.
    3. Rinse the beetroot discs in running water to wash
    off pigment that leaked out as a result of cutting.
    4. Pipette 5 cm3 of water into six test tubes and
    labelled as 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80.
    Practical work.........23

    5. Use a water bath to heat a boiling tube containing


    water up to 80°C.
    6. Gently lower 5 pieces of beetroot discs into the
    hot water and leave them immersed for exactly 1
    minute.
    7. Carefully remove the discs and place them in the
    prepared test tube labelled as 80.
    8. Leave the tubes for 20 minutes. Shake the tubes
    occasionally for the pigment to leak out of the
    cells.
    9. Repeat steps (5) to (8) for temperatures at 70°C,
    60°C, 50°C, 40°C and 30°C respectively.
    10. Remove the discs from each test tube after 20
    minutes.
    11. Compare the intensity of red colour in each tube.
    Use a one to ten ‘+’ sign to indicate the relative
    colour intensity.

    B. By chemicals

    Procedure
    1. Use a cork borer to cut cylinders of tissue from a
    beetroot.
    2. Cut the cylinders of beetroot into thin discs of
    about 3 mm thick.
    3. Rinse the beetroot discs in running water to wash
    off pigment that leaked out as a result of cutting.
    4. Blot dry the discs with paper towels.
    5. Prepare the following test tubes with 5 cm3 of
    solutions as below:

    Tube A B C D E F

    Solution water 10% alcohol 30% alcohol 50% alcohol chloroform paraffin
    oil
    24.........Practical work

    6. Put equal number of discs into tubes A to F. Alcohol and


    Stoppered the tubes with cork. chloroform are volatile and
    7. Shake the tubes occasionally. harmful. Teachers should
    8. After an hour, take out all discs from tubes A to D. advise students not to
    9. Take out the discs from tube E (chloroform) inhale the vapour from
    carefully without damaging them and blot to these chemicals when
    remove the solution on the surface of the discs. handling them.
    10. Put the discs from step (9) into another test tube
    labelled as E1, which contains 5 cm3 of water. Alcohol is
    Shake occasionally. inflammable. Avoid using
    11. Repeat step (9) and (10) for tube F (paraffin oil). naked flames near this
    12. After an hour, take out the discs from tubes E1 solvent.
    and F1.
    13. Record and compare the colour intensity of the
    solutions in tubes A, B, C, D, E1 and F1.

    Note
    1. Chloroform and alcohol can destroy the structure
    of cell membrane of beetroot, and the red pigment
    will diffuse out. The pigment is soluble in alcohol
    and water, but not soluble in chloroform.
    2. Paraffin oil and water do not destroy the cell
    membranes.

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