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    Understanding Batteries For EV - PPT PDF

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    srujanoday
    The most preferred type of battery for electric vehicles is lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Li-ion batteries are preferred due to their high energy density, long cycle life, light weight, and small size which meet the key performance requirements for EVs. Li-ion batteries have certain safety concerns related to thermal runaway but battery management systems help monitor and protect the batteries. Researchers are working on improving Li-ion battery technology and developing new battery technologies like solid state batteries and Li-ion hybrids to improve safety, lifetime and performance for electric vehicles.

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    Understanding Batteries For EV - PPT PDF

    Uploaded by

    srujanoday
    2K views20 pages
    The most preferred type of battery for electric vehicles is lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Li-ion batteries are preferred due to their high energy density, long cycle life, light weight, and small size which meet the key performance requirements for EVs. Li-ion batteries have certain safety concerns related to thermal runaway but battery management systems help monitor and protect the batteries. Researchers are working on improving Li-ion battery technology and developing new battery technologies like solid state batteries and Li-ion hybrids to improve safety, lifetime and performance for electric vehicles.

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    The most preferred type of battery for electric vehicles is lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Li-ion batteries are preferred due to their high energy density, long cycle life, light weight, and small size which meet the key performance requirements for EVs. Li-ion batteries have certain safety concerns related to thermal runaway but battery management systems help monitor and protect the batteries. Researchers are working on improving Li-ion battery technology and developing new battery technologies like solid state batteries and Li-ion hybrids to improve safety, lifetime and performance for electric vehicles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views20 pages

    Understanding Batteries For EV - PPT PDF

    Uploaded by

    srujanoday
    The most preferred type of battery for electric vehicles is lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Li-ion batteries are preferred due to their high energy density, long cycle life, light weight, and small size which meet the key performance requirements for EVs. Li-ion batteries have certain safety concerns related to thermal runaway but battery management systems help monitor and protect the batteries. Researchers are working on improving Li-ion battery technology and developing new battery technologies like solid state batteries and Li-ion hybrids to improve safety, lifetime and performance for electric vehicles.

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    You are on page 1of 20

    Date: 26th August 2019

    Speaker: Dr Parveen Kumar, WRI India


    Moderator: Miss Shravani Sharma, WRI India
    DISCUSSION POINTS
    ➢ Which is the most preferred type of battery for electric vehicles?
    ➢ Why are these batteries the most preferred choice for EV applications?
    ➢ How safe are these batteries?
    ➢ What is the future of these batteries for EV applications?
    ➢ What are the environmental impacts of the preferred batteries?
    HISTORY: BATTERY POWERED VEHICLES
    Late 1800 – Early 1900
    ❖Golden period for the EVs ➢ Reason for EV to ICE Transition
    ❖Lead-acid powered Vehicles ❖ Heavy weight of batteries
    ❖ Short trip range
    By 1920 ❖ Long charging time
    ❖ Poor battery life
    ❖Market dominated by ICE vehicles
    ❖Long Range & High horsepower
    ICE to EV Transition
    2017 Onwards: EV30@30
    ❖Environmental Concerns
    ❖Renewed Interest In EVs
    BATTERY: COMPLEX FUEL TANK

    Gasoline Powertrain Simple Fuel Tank


    ➢ More Complex
    ➢ > 20,000 moving parts
    ➢ High Maintenance Cost Petrol / Diesel

    Electric Powertrain
    Complex Fuel Tank
    ➢ Less Complex
    ➢ < 20 moving parts
    ➢ Low Maintenance Cost

    http://www.circuitstoday.com/working-of-electric-cars; Images from Web


    PERFORMANCE: EV VERSUS ICE VEHICLE
    ➢ Efficiency of EV is 5 to 6 times higher than that of ICE
    (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicles
    Efficiency < 20 %
    ➢ Gasoline is 100 times more energy dense than a battery

    Stored Energy in Gasoline ~ 48 MJ/kg

    Efficiency > 80 %

    Stored Energy in Battery ~ 0.4 MJ/kg


    Source: Energy Environ. Sci., 2012,5, 7854; http://www.altfuels.org/backgrnd/altdrive.shtml;
    https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201208/backpage.cfm
    UNDERSTANDING PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
    Safety
    Environmental impact Battery material and recycling potential

    Cost
    Pb-acid / Ni-Cd /
    NiMH / LIB Battery Life

    Specific Energy (Wh/kg) – Range & Weight Specific Discharge Power (W/kg) – Acceleration & Weight
    Energy Density (Wh/l) – Range & Size Discharge Power Density (W/l) – Acceleration & Size
    (Total amount of energy an energy storage device holds) (Speed at which the power can be discharged)
    BATTERIES USED IN EVS
    Future Technology
    +Energy Density (Under Development)
    +Power Density
    + Power Density - Cost
    + Temperature - Cost Li-Air
    + Cost + Lifetime - Self discharge
    + Recycling - Environment Li-ion
    - Energy Density - Weight
    - Environment NiMH
    - Weight
    NiCd Li-air
    Pb-Acid Li-ion
    Future
    Current ?
    Pb-Acid
    2019
    1859
    onwards
    WHY LIB FOR EVS?
    Key Performance Requirements: High Energy Density, Long Cycle Life, Light Weight, Small Size

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702114000741; Others from Web


    INSIDE LIB BATTERY

    https://brandogsikring.dk/files/Pdf/FogU/Project%20BLUE%20BATTERY%20-%20Part%20I.pdf
    HOW LIB WORKS?

    Cathodes Anodes

    LCO/ NCA/ NMC/ Graphite/ LTO


    LMO/ LFP

    GIF: https://gifer.com/en/LCEZ; Other images from Web


    LIB VARIANTS: KEY PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

    Balancing key performance


    parameters involves managing
    many trade-offs

    https://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/01/bcg-20100108.html
    LIB: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE

    Temp.

    Battery
    Life

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032116301435
    LIB: EFFECT CHARGE RATE & DOD
    C-rate : Rate at which battery is
    C-rate
    charged / discharged

    SOC : State of Charge (SoC) describes


    how full a battery is Battery
    cycle Life

    DoD : Depth of Discharge (DoD) measures


    how much of stored energy is used
    at each cycle

    DoD

    Battery
    cycle Life
    Cycle life (LFP)

    https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/ultra_fast_chargers; https://modernsurvivalblog.com/alternative-energy/lithium-
    iron-phosphate-battery-cycles/; https://solarbuildermag.com/energy-storage/know-your-battery-specs-nameplate-capacity-
    10-kwh-vs-usable-capacity-7-kwh/
    LIB SAFETY: THERMAL RUNAWAY

    Thermal
    Material Runaway
    Degradation
    Stage 3
    Battery Failure Stage 2
    or Abuse
    Stage 1

    Battery Management System (BMS) – To monitor


    and protect Li-ion battery during operation

    https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/6/eaas9820.full;
    R & D OPPORTUNITIES

    ➢ Path 1: Innovation in Li-battery technology


    ❖ Development of novel electrode and electrolyte materials
    ❖ Nanotechnology to improve the performance existing Li-ion battery

    ➢ Path 2: New Battery technologies


    ❖ Alternative to Li-ion battery

    ➢ Path 3: Innovation using hybrid technology


    ❖ Hybrid of existing battery technology (e.g. LIB-Pb acid hybrid, LIB –
    Supercapacitor hybrid, Pb acid – supercapacitor hybrid, etc)
    PATH 1: INNOVATION IN LIB TECHNOLOGY

    ➢ Novel electrode and electrolyte materials to


    develop LIB with high energy and power
    density, high safety

    ➢ Develop solid state Li-ion battery for high safety


    PATH 2: NEW BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES

    ➢ Basic R & D to explore new


    material to develop alternative
    to Li-ion battery technology

    Hype Cycle

    https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/beyond-the-hype-what-s-the-future-of-
    batteries/; Both Images from Web
    PATH-3: BATTERY HYBRID

    Regenerative Braking
    System

    Fuel Cell & Battery Hybrid

    Fuel Cell & Supercapacitor


    Hybrid

    Image from Web.


    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
    ➢ Recycling Ecosystem for EV batteries
    ➢ Efficient utilization of resources
    ➢ Usage of non-toxic material for next-generation
    batteries
    ➢ Green technologies for battery manufacturing
    ➢ Use of clean source of energy

    Linear economy

    https://circulartayside.co.uk/what-is-the-circular-economy/
    • Thank You

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