The document discusses ionization potential and the factors that affect it. Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom to form a positive ion, such as the first ionization energy which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron. The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the next electron after the first has been removed. Key factors that affect ionization potential include effective nuclear charge, atomic size, principal quantum number, shielding effect, half or completely filled orbitals, and orbital type. Ionization potential generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group due to shielding and atomic size effects.
The document discusses ionization potential and the factors that affect it. Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom to form a positive ion, such as the first ionization energy which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron. The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the next electron after the first has been removed. Key factors that affect ionization potential include effective nuclear charge, atomic size, principal quantum number, shielding effect, half or completely filled orbitals, and orbital type. Ionization potential generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group due to shielding and atomic size effects.
The document discusses ionization potential and the factors that affect it. Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom to form a positive ion, such as the first ionization energy which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron. The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the next electron after the first has been removed. Key factors that affect ionization potential include effective nuclear charge, atomic size, principal quantum number, shielding effect, half or completely filled orbitals, and orbital type. Ionization potential generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group due to shielding and atomic size effects.
The document discusses ionization potential and the factors that affect it. Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom to form a positive ion, such as the first ionization energy which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron. The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the next electron after the first has been removed. Key factors that affect ionization potential include effective nuclear charge, atomic size, principal quantum number, shielding effect, half or completely filled orbitals, and orbital type. Ionization potential generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group due to shielding and atomic size effects.
Atomic size i.e. atomic radius The process of removing an electron from an Principle quantum number isolated atom to form a positive ion. Shielding effect First ionization energy (I1): Half filled and completely filled orbitals Amount of energy required to remove the most loosely Nature of orbitals bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form a The extent of penetration of valence electrons cation. Al(g) Al+(g)+e- l1=580 kJ/mol
Second ionization energy (I2): Trends in Ionization Potential
Amount of energy required to remove a second Ionization energy generally increases from left electron from the gaseous monopositive cation to form to right in a period because of the increase in di-positive cation. nuclear charge and decrease in atomic radius. Al+(g) Al2+(g)+e- l2=1815 kJ/mol Ionization energies generally decrease down a group due to the shielding effect and increase Ionization energies are usually expressed in in atomic size. electron volts (eV) per atom or in kilo-Joules per Deviations from these trends can usually be mol (kJ/mol) --> 1eV/atom=96.48 kJ/mol . traced to repulsion between electrons, Value of each ionization energy will increase particularly electrons occupying the same with each removed electron, since the orbitals. attractive influence of the nucleus increases When all valence electrons have been removed, and will require more energy for the removal of the ionization energy takes a quantum leap. an electron from more positive charges. Ionization energies measure how tightly electrons are bound to atoms. Low energies indicate ease of removal of electrons and vice versa.
