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    Application of A Li-Ion Battery in The Frequency Containment Reserve Market

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    Claysius Dewanata
    1) EKZ Technology Management conducted a joint project with ABB to test a 1 MW battery energy storage system (BESS) for different grid applications including frequency regulation. 2) The Zurich 1 MW BESS was the first non-hydro unit in Switzerland and first standalone battery in Europe without backup generation to be prequalified for primary frequency control. 3) Batteries provide more flexibility than conventional power plants for frequency regulation due to their ability to rapidly charge and discharge, helping stabilize grid frequency during power outages or intermittent renewable generation.

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    Application of A Li-Ion Battery in The Frequency Containment Reserve Market

    Uploaded by

    Claysius Dewanata
    86 views20 pages
    1) EKZ Technology Management conducted a joint project with ABB to test a 1 MW battery energy storage system (BESS) for different grid applications including frequency regulation. 2) The Zurich 1 MW BESS was the first non-hydro unit in Switzerland and first standalone battery in Europe without backup generation to be prequalified for primary frequency control. 3) Batteries provide more flexibility than conventional power plants for frequency regulation due to their ability to rapidly charge and discharge, helping stabilize grid frequency during power outages or intermittent renewable generation.

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    8 Gonzalez

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    1) EKZ Technology Management conducted a joint project with ABB to test a 1 MW battery energy storage system (BESS) for different grid applications including frequency regulation. 2) The Zurich 1 MW BESS was the first non-hydro unit in Switzerland and first standalone battery in Europe without backup generation to be prequalified for primary frequency control. 3) Batteries provide more flexibility than conventional power plants for frequency regulation due to their ability to rapidly charge and discharge, helping stabilize grid frequency during power outages or intermittent renewable generation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    86 views20 pages

    Application of A Li-Ion Battery in The Frequency Containment Reserve Market

    Uploaded by

    Claysius Dewanata
    1) EKZ Technology Management conducted a joint project with ABB to test a 1 MW battery energy storage system (BESS) for different grid applications including frequency regulation. 2) The Zurich 1 MW BESS was the first non-hydro unit in Switzerland and first standalone battery in Europe without backup generation to be prequalified for primary frequency control. 3) Batteries provide more flexibility than conventional power plants for frequency regulation due to their ability to rapidly charge and discharge, helping stabilize grid frequency during power outages or intermittent renewable generation.

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    Application of a Li-Ion battery in the

    frequency containment reserve market


    QualyGridS Symposium, July 6th 2017

    Dr. Marina González Vayá, Smart Grid Specialist, EKZ Technology Management
    EKZ 1 MW BESS Project

    § Joint project with ABB

    § Goal: Gain experience with this technology


    by testing different applications

    § Timeline
    § Start Engineering Mid 2011
    § 21. March 2012 Commissioning
    § June 2014 prequalification for primary frequency
    control
    § First non-hydro unit in CH
    § Fist standalone battery in Europe without additional
    backup from generator

    2 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    The Zurich 1 MW BESS

    Battery Container
    Transformer

    Coupling
    Transformer
    Inverter 1 MVA

    3 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    System Components
    Battery modules Battery container

    Inverter

    SCADA

    4 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Key properties
    Property Value Notes
    Power 1 MW charging and discharging
    - installed power 1.1 MW
    - Peak power 15 min >1.3 MW
    Capacity 580 kWh 250 kWh @ 1 MW
    System Integrator ABB
    Battery Manufacturer LG Chem
    Cell Type Li-Ion
    Number of Cells 10368
    Lifetime1 3500 Cycles 2 Cycles/day, 250 kWh
    System Costs2 ~2 Mio EUR ~500k Battery
    1Warranty, real lifetime most likely higher.
    2 Reflecting costs of procurement in 2011, incl. development costs of ABB and EKZ.

    5 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Applications for battery energy storage systems
    (BESS)
    Voltage
    control
    Peak load
    Islanded management
    operation

    BESS

    Increasing PV
    self- Frequency
    consumption regulation

    Virtual Power Plant

    6 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Frequency control in ENTSO-E Continental Europe

    Energy/Power ratio ↑
    Time to activation ↑

    Quelle: swissgrid.

    7 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Provision of primary frequency control
    1 MW Power plant 1 MW BESS

    negative positive
    positive
    +0.5 MW

    charge
    +1 MW

    negative
    -0.5 MW

    discharge
    -1 MW

    § Decentralized control, based on locally measured frequency


    § BESS provides twice the flexibility of an equivalent power plant
    (decoupling of energy and power)
    § Active state of charge management to ensure permanent availability

    8 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Ramping times for different technologies

    Ramping capability EKZ BESS: ∆2 MW in 40 ms, 50 MW/s


    200.00
    p.u. change in power per second

    180.00
    25
    160.00 20
    p.u. / s

    15
    140.00 10
    5
    120.00
    0
    100.00

    80.00

    60.00

    40.00

    20.00

    0.00
    Kohlekraftwerk Kernkraftwerk GuD Gaskraftwerk Pumpspeicher Batteriespeicher

    9 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Smart working point adjustment to control State of
    Charge –Measurements from real life operation

    Source: Jonas Schmutz, semester thesis, Power Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 2013.

    10 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Smart working point –Moving average (meas.)
    ‫݌‬
    1
    ‫= ݌ ݌݌݌݌‬ ‫݌‬ −‫ ݌ ݌݌݌݌݌‬+ ‫݌ ݌݌݌݌݌‬ ‫ = ݌‬900 ‫݌‬
    ‫݌‬
    ‫݌݌݌݌݌‬

    Time [hh:mm]

    11 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Frequency reserves with the Zurich 1 MW BESS

    Outage of a Swiss nuclear power plant of 1 GW at 04:46 am UCT

    12 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    BESS fast response improves the performance of
    primary frequency control

    Simulated frequency response of the Continental European


    interconnection to a major power fault for different levels of inertia H
    and time constant of primary response t. Load: 330 GW, fault: 3 GW

    Source: Koller et al. in Cigré 2016.

    13 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    SoC range during primary frequency control
    operation
    § State of Charge (SoC) recharging algorithm kept SoC between
    40.2% and 75.7% at all times (580 kWh storage capacity)

    BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    14
    Reserve requirements and market structure for
    primary reserves since January 2017
    Total market size: ~1400 MW
    (of total 3000 MW in ENTSO-E CE)

    NL: 74 MW
    DE: 603 MW
    BE: 47 MW

    AT: 62 MW
    FR: 561 MW CH: 68 MW

    15 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Price evolution for primary frequency control in
    Germany

    DACH + NL

    + BE

    + FR

    16 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Capacity requirements for batteries providing
    primary frequency control
    § ENTSO-E new network code: ability to fully activate PCR for 15 –30
    minutes continuously (to be defined by each TSO)
    § Current German TSOs’rules for units with limited energy reservoirs lead to
    capacity requirements 8x higher than technically needed
    EKZ BESS control
    PCR usage requirements Intra-day market
    strategy

    Normal PCR usage 220 kWh 640 kWh

    Normal PCR usage +


    ±15 minutes full activation 720 kWh 1140 kWh
    requirement
    Normal PCR +
    ±30 minutes full activation 1220 kWh 1640 kWh
    requirement
    Source: Koller et al. in Cigré 2016.

    17 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Concept under evaluation: BESS and other flexible
    units jointly providing secondary frequency control as
    Virtual Power Plant

    Industry
    Hospital Incineration
    plant

    Aggregate
    Flexibility

    Stabilize
    network
    Utility scale Residential
    battery PV + battery
    system

    18 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Conclusions

    § Battery energy storage can provide primary frequency control


    with higher speed and accuracy than conventional units
    currently providing this service

    § Regulation needs to carefully weight cost-benefit to avoid


    setting overly restrictive rules for energy storage

    § Combining the capabilities of different technologies within a


    virtual power plant offers new opportunities for the provision of
    a diverse portfolio of ancillary services

    19 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017


    Thank you

    Dr. Marina González Vayá


    Smart Grid Specialist
    marina.gonzalezvaya@ekz.ch

    20 BESS in frequency containment / Marina González, EKZ / July 6th 2017

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