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Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of different topics and issues according to the study.
The following information presented were gathered from a wide range of reading
sources such as encyclopedia, research journals, magazines, and other publication
sources from the internet to help readers understand the topics relevant to the
study. This presents a detailed discussion about potato and mango seed extract.
The large amount of waste produced by the food industries causes serious
environmental problems and also results in economic losses if not utilized
effectively. Different research reports have revealed that food industry by-
products can be good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds. As such,
the mango juice industry uses only the edible portions of the mangoes, and a
considerable amount of peels and seeds are discarded as industrial waste. These
mango by-products come from the tropical or subtropical fruit processing
industries. Mango by-products, especially seeds and peels, are considered to be
cheap sources of valuable food and nutraceutical ingredients. The main uses of
natural food ingredients derived from mango by-products are presented and
discussed, and the mainstream sectors of application for these by-products, such as
in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries, are
highlighted.
-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814615004094
-Food Chemistry
-Volume 183, 15 September 2015, Pages 173-180
-Review
-Mango (Mangifera indica L.) by-products and their valuable components: A review
-M.H.A.JahurulaI.S.M.ZaidulbKashifGhafoorcFahad Y.Al-JuhaimicKar-
LinNyamaN.A.N.NorulainidF.SahenaeA.K.Mohd Omar
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an economically important fruit throughout the

world. �Ataulfo� mango, a leading cultivar in Mexico, has the highest content of
phenolic compounds among several commercial varieties of mango. However, the
individual identification and antioxidant contribution of these phenols during
ripening of mango fruit is unknown. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the
major phenolic compounds found in �Ataulfo� mango fruit pulp was conducted in four
stages of ripeness, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass
spectrometry. The antioxidant contribution of each of the major phenolic compounds
was calculated. The major compounds identified were chlorogenic acid
(28�301�mg/100�g�DW), gallic acid (94.6�98.7�mg/100�g�DW), vanillic acid
(16.9�24.4�mg/100�g�DW), and protocatechuic acid (0.48�1.1�mg/100�g�DW). The
antioxidant contribution of the four phenolic acids increased during ripening.
Gallic acid accounted for the highest contribution (39% maximum value), followed by
chlorogenic acid (21% maximum value). This could indicate that these phenolic
compounds may have an important role in the antioxidant metabolism in �Ataulfo�
mango fruit during ripening, and promoting health benefits to consumers.
-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814612007662
-Food Chemistry
-Volume 135, Issue 1, 1 November 2012, Pages 105-111
-Identification and quantification of major phenolic compounds from mango
(Mangifera indica, cv. Ataulfo) fruit by HPLC�DAD�MS/MS-ESI and their individual
contribution to the antioxidant activity during ripening
-Author links open overlay panel
H.Palafox-CarlosaE.M.YahiabG.A.Gonz�lez-Aguilara
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a vegetatively propagated autotetraploid,
has been bred for distinct market classes, including fresh market, pigmented, and
processing varieties. Breeding efforts have relied on phenotypic selection of
populations developed from intra- and intermarket class crosses and introgressions
of wild and cultivated Solanum relatives.Although improvement and diversification
for distinct market classes was observed through whole-genome analysis of historic
and current potato lines, an increased rate of gain from selection will be required
to meet growing global food demands and challenges due to climate change.
Understanding the genetic basis of diversification and trait improvement will allow
for more rapid genome-guided improvement of potato in future breeding efforts.
-http://www.g3journal.org/content/3/6/1003.short
-Retrospective View of North American Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Breeding in the
20th and 21st Centuries
-Candice N. Hirsch, Cory D. Hirsch, Kimberly Felcher, Joseph Coombs, Dan Zarka,
Allen Van Deynze, Walter De Jong, Richard E. Veilleux, Shelley Jansky, Paul Bethke,
David S. Douches and C. Robin Buell
-G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics June 1, 2013 vol. 3 no. 6 1003-1013;
https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.113.005595
-Received January 10, 2013.
-Accepted April 8, 2013.
-Copyright � 2013 Hirsch et al.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an economically important fruit throughout the

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