PROJECT ON ICT

NAME –AKSHAT KAMAL

BBA MBA
A3923016034
ROLL NO. 34
 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

What is ICT ?

Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the technology

used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building
management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and
network-based control and monitoring functions.

Although ICT is often considered an extended synonym for information

technology (IT), its scope is more broad.

ICT has more recently been used to describe the convergence of several
technologies and the use of common transmission lines carrying very diverse data
and communication types and formats. Information and communications
technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that
stresses the role of unified communications[1]and the integration
of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as
well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audiovisual
systems, that enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. [2]

The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audiovisual and telephone
networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There
are large economic incentives to merge the telephone network with the computer
network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution, and
management. ICT is an umbrella term that includes any communication device,
encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer and network hardware,
satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and appliance with them
such as video conferencing and distance learning.[3]

ICT is a broad subject and the concepts are evolving.[4] It covers any product that
will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit, or receive information electronically in a
digital form (e.g., personal computers, digital television, email, or robots). For
clarity, Zuppo provided an ICT hierarchy where all levels of the hierarchy "contain
some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies that facilitate
the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated
communications".[5] Theoretical differences between interpersonal-communication
technologies and mass-communication technologies have been identified by the
philosopher Piyush Mathur.[6] Skills Framework for the Information Age is one of
many models for describing and managing competencies for ICT professionals for
the 21st century.[7]

The money spent on IT worldwide has been estimated as US$3.8 trillion [13] in
2017 and has been growing at less than 5% per year since 2009. The estimate 2018
growth of the entire ICT in is 5%. The biggest growth of 16% is expected in the
area of new technologies (IoT, Robotics, AR/VR, and AI).

The 2014 IT budget of US federal government was nearly $82 billion.[15] IT costs,
as a percentage of corporate revenue, have grown 50% since 2002, putting a strain
on IT budgets. When looking at current companies' IT budgets, 75% are recurrent
costs, used to "keep the lights on" in the IT department, and 25% are cost of new
initiatives for technology development.

The average IT budget has the following breakdown:

 31% personnel costs (internal)

 29% software costs (external/purchasing category)
 26% hardware costs (external/purchasing category)
 14% costs of external service providers (external/services).

The estimate of money to be spent in 2022 is just over US$6 trillion.

NETCOM AFRIQUE
The sector of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is in perpetual
movement and the companies which exert should always be able to adapt to the
various changes. It is the case in Côte d‟Ivoire where several companies are
confronted with this dynamic sector like Netcom Afrique. This sector has the
strongest growth rate in the countries in development. To embark the Côte d'Ivoire
in the fight against the digital fracture, the government published projects. Today
the role of the public administration is to make available these technologies to the
general public by exemptions. This measure of defiscalisation will come to more
amplify the competitive environment of the sector. Netcom Afrique, conscious of
this fact would wish to be maintained face to face competition and to adapt to the
economic situation of the country. Its management would like to put all works
about it to develop its business. Thus on our arrival in the firm, the General
Manager asked us to analyze and propose solutions in the marketing field through
which the sales department will be able to develop its activities. With through this
topic: « Improvement the business of a company in ICT field, case of Netcom
Afrique », we envisage to give the report on the study which should allow to
increase the profitability of the company.

Netcom Afrique is a limited liability company in Côte d‟ivoire created into 2006
which exert in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).
Netcom Afrique is partner of firms‟ leaders in the world in their respective fields
of competences. NETCOM AFRIQUE is mainly composed of a team of young
graduates resulting from the best schools. I. ORGANIZATION OF NETCOM
AFRIQUE I.1 The operational organization Netcom Afrique is made up of a
General Directorate and three departments. About departments, there is accountant
and financial department, the Technical department and the sales department in
which we had the occasion to carry out the work experience. The General
Directorate supervises these three departments and makes the final decisions for
the total orientation of the company. I.2 The organization of the sales department
The sales department is composed of a sales manager and three salespersons. They
have at the same time the task of prospection of new customers and conclusions of
sales in accordance with the instructions of the hierarchy. The sales department and
marketing depend directly on the General Directorate.

ICT in ‘Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies’ This

part covers the following ICT technological areas: • a new generation of
components and system, • advanced computing and cloud computing, • future
Internet, • content technologies and information management, • robotics and
autonomous systems, • micro- and nano-electronic technologies, photonics. The
corresponding activities are grouped in a single ICT call, which also covers topics
addressing ‘Innovation and Entrepreneurship support’, ‘Responsibility and
Creativity’ and ‘International Cooperation Activities’. These international
cooperation activities are complemented by a series of dedicated joint calls with
Japan, Brazil and also South Korea (new partner country in 2016-17). Moreover,
one topic of the call for ‘nanotechnologies, advanced materials, biotechnology and
production’ requires contribution from ICT: ‘Cross-cutting KETs for diagnostics at
the point-of-care’. In the work programme 2016-17, the research and innovation
activities related to digital security and the Internet of Things are covered through
two dedicated focus areas, i.e. specific calls which cut across several parts of
Horizon 2020. Note that the Internet of Things focus area is presented in a separate
part of the work programme specifically dedicated to cross-cutting activities. The
‘Open and Disruptive Innovation’ (ODI) scheme, successfully introduced in the
work programme 2014-15, is also no longer covered in the main ICT call, but in a
call which gathers all topics using the SME instrument.

ICT in ‘Societal challenges’ ICT contributions are expected in each of the

seven societal challenges in Horizon 2020: • SC1: Health, demographic change and
wellbeing, • SC2: Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and
maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy, • SC3: Secure, clean and
efficient energy, • SC4: Smart, green and integrated transport, • SC5: Climate
action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials, • SC6: Europe in a
changing world - Innovative, inclusive and reflective societies, • SC7: Secure
societies – Protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens. ICT is in the
societal challenges addressed through either specific topics or calls or as part of a
broader set of contributing technologies in the description of the targeted activities.
1. SC1 – Health, demographic change and wellbeing ICT, which does have a
prominent role in this societal challenge, is addressed in dedicated topics in three
parts of the unique call ‘Personalised Medicine’: • active ageing and self-
management of health, • methods and data, • coordination activities. 2. SC2 – Food
security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland
water research and the bioeconomy One of the topics of the call “Sustainable Food
Security - Resilient and resource-efficient value chains” is dedicated to “Robotics
Advances for Precision Farming”. 3. SC3 – Secure, clean and efficient energy ICT
is present in the two calls of this societal challenge: • ‘Energy Efficiency’ (EE), •
‘Competitive Low-Carbon Energy’ (LCE). It is to be noted that ‘Smart Cities and
Communities’, which cut across several societal challenges (including SC3), are
now addressed in a focus area which is to be found in the part of the work
programme dedicated to crosscutting activities. In the ‘Energy Efficiency’ call,
ICT is expected to contribute to four topics, in three different areas: • Engaging
consumers towards sustainable energy, • Buildings, • Industry, services and
products. In the ‘Competitive Low-Carbon Energy’ call, ICT’s contribution is
focussed on smart grids, which are addressed in the five topics of the part entitled
‘Towards an integrated EU energy system’. 4. SC4 – Smart, green and integrated
transport Three calls are planned in 2016-17 for this challenge: • ‘Mobility for
Growth’ (MG), which actually constitutes the main call of SC4 and is sub-divided
in eight parts corresponding to transport modes or environments (aviation,
waterborne, urban mobility), or horizontal issues (safety, logistics, intelligent
transport systems, etc.), • ‘Automated Road Transport’ (ART), • ‘Green vehicles’
(GV), which implements the Green Vehicle cPPP. In the ‘Mobility for Growth’
call ICT will contribute in the following areas: • urban mobility, where the
integration of ICT solutions can be considered in a topic addressing sustainable
mobility, • logistics, where one topic is dedicated to innovative ICT solutions for
future logistics operations, • intelligent transport systems, which rely on ICT and
for which three topics are proposed. Moreover, one of the topics of the part
dedicated to ‘socio-economic and behavioural research and forward looking
activities for policy making’ will address Big Data in transport. The first topic of
the ‘Automated Road Transport’ call will be centred on ICT and one of the topics
of the ‘Green vehicles’ call explicitly refers to ICT. 5. SC5 – Climate action,
environment, resource efficiency and raw materials This societal challenge will be
addressed in 2016-17 through one generic call ‘Greening the Economy’ and
contributions to two cross cutting focus areas, ‘Industry 2020 in the Circular
Economy’ and ‘Smart and sustainable cities’. SC5 will also contribute to the ‘Blue
Growth’ focus area of SC2. In the main call ‘Greening the Economy’, there are
only very few explicit references to ICT. The only topic where ICT’s contribution
is clearly requested is the one entitled ‘European data hub of the GEOSS
information system’. 6. SC6 – Europe in a changing world – Innovative, inclusive
and reflective societies In 2016-17, ICT will be contributing with specific topics
proposed in three out of the four calls of this societal challenge: • ‘Co-creation for
growth and inclusion’, where most of the activities related to public sector
modernization are located (in three topics), • ‘Reversing inequalities and promoting
fairness’, • ‘Understanding Europe – promoting the European public and cultural
space’, where two topics cover the area of ICT for cultural heritage and a third one
complements the set of topics addressing public sector modernization mentioned
above. 7. SC7 – Secure societies – Protecting freedom and security of Europe and
its citizens This part of the work programme is structured around five calls out of
which two are particularly relevant for ICT: • ‘Critical infrastructure protection’
(CIP), which contains a topic cutting across physical and cyber-security, • ‘Digital
Security’ (DS), which corresponds to a focus area covering most of cyber-security
activities of SC7, with also topics from SC1 (on the protection of health data) and
LEIT-ICT (on ‘assurance and certification for trustworthy and secure ICT systems,
services and components’ and ‘cryptography’).

Increased retail activity is stimulating ICT adoption in the Indian

retail sector, finds Netscribes Netscribes (India) Pvt. Ltd., launches ICT in
Retail Industry in India 2011 report covering a market with strong growth
potential. It is a part of Netscribes’ Information Technology Series. Mumbai, India
– July 28, 2011 – Netscribes (India) Pvt. Ltd., a knowledge consulting solutions
company, announces the launch of its report ICT in Retail Industry in India 2011.
Rapid growth in the retail sector and increased trade activity will drive the ICT
adoption in retail sector. The report begins with a background study about
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its requirement in the
retail sector, an overview of the retail sector in India indicating its contribution to
the GDP, illustrations of the market size and growth figures and market
segmentation. It also elaborates the importance of rural retail sector along with
details about current and estimated market size figures followed by an explanation
of the key drivers and challenges faced by the overall retail sector. It also features a
brief description about Small and Medium Businesses in retail sector explaining
their contribution towards the growth of Indian economy. ICT adoption in retail
section provides detailed information about the Information Technology (IT)
industry in India as a whole followed by the IT market scenario within the retail
sector outlining the share of retail within IT industry and the IT spending pattern of
retail players. It further explains the factors influencing IT adoption in retail
including increased operational efficiency, favorable demographics, Government
initiatives and availability of skilled manpower. Key challenges identified for the
IT adoption in retail includes high cost. It further discusses the selection criteria of
ICT tools / applications for retailers followed by a brief description of the key ICT
solutions commonly used in retail sector. This section also features a vendor’s
opportunity segment wherein it provides a clear idea about the type of ICT tools /
applications used in various retailing formats. The report also features role of cloud
in retail section which describes the overall cloud market in India and the use of
cloud technology in retail sector illustrating the implementation model. It also
discusses about the trends followed by retailers to implement key Software as a
Service (SaaS) applications and the key Independent Software Vendors (ISVs)
providing these solutions to retail players. ICT vendors section provides brief
profiles of the major domestic and foreign players in the market. It features
snapshots of their corporation, financial performance and their business highlights,
giving an insight about the existing competitive scenario. It is followed by a
section on case study which lists down some major case studies wherein IT
implementation by retail players in India has been highlighted. The report ends
with a sales intelligence section which provides insight about the key IT
applications used by retail players. It also features key contacts of the retail
company. It is immediately followed by an appendix listing the key established
players in the Indian retail sector which comprises of the snapshots about their
financial performance and business highlights.