Training of Trainers

Lecture – 14
Role of Technology in Training
Prof. Santosh Rangnekar
Department of Management Studies

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Role of Technology in Training

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 Role of Technology in Training

• Technology is changing learning and training in corporate settings as well

as in grade schools, high schools, colleges, and universities.

• New technologies have made it possible to reduce the costs associated

with delivering training to employees, to increase the effectiveness of
the learning environment, and to help training contribute to business
goals.

• Technology has enabled training to be delivered to different geographical

locations, to accompany trainees whether they are at work or at home
(mobile technology), and to be completed online using a personal
computer.
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• Training needs assessment, design, transfer, and evaluation (training
design) are critical components of the effective use of training
technology.

• The use of training technologies is expected to increase dramatically in

the next decade as technology improves, the cost of technology decreases,
companies recognize the potential cost savings of training via desktop and
personal computers (PCs), and the need for customized training increases.

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 Why use technology?

• Interactivity
• Content delivery/revision
• Managing learning and resources
• Collaboration
• Communication
• Sense of cohort
• Variety of teaching and learning preferences
• Formative and summative assessment
 How does this help?

• Allows trainees to have more control on their own learning

• Allows lecturers to guide more, teach less
• Allows trainees to build up knowledge, and become part of the teaching
process
• Can provide some really engaging learning experiences
• Teachers can provide “scaffolding” and safety nets
• “At risk” students can be identified more quickly
• Collaborating can be very well supported
 Factors Limiting the Use of E - Learning

• Cost
• Lack of motivation among employees to learn online
• Lack of management buy-in
• Lack of employee intranet access
• Lack of proof concerning return on investment
• Lack of high-quality content

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 Technology and Collaboration

• Digital collaboration is the use of technology to enhance and extend

employees 'abilities to work together regardless of their geographic
proximity.6 Digital collaboration includes electronic messaging systems,
electronic meeting systems, online communities of learning organized by
subject where employees can access interactive discussion areas and share
training content and Web links, and document-handling systems with
collaboration technologies that allow interpersonal interaction.

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Technology and Collaboration

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 Example

• IBM is using new technology—such as collaborative online learning

platforms that allow employees to learn from their peers— and virtual tools
that give them instant access to experts. Peer learning can occur
spontaneously online just as it would if all of IBM’s employees were
located in the same building. IBM employees participating in the
company’s virtual 3D online environment create avatars (computer
depictions of humans) to interact with each other and discuss and share
ideas.

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 Common Ways of Collaboration in Online Learning

• Chat rooms : Trainees communicate at the same time by text or audio.

Chat rooms may be moderated by a facilitator.
• Online conferencing : Trainees are online with a moderator. They can hear
comments, send messages, display visuals, vote, or work together on a
project.
• Social networking : Trainees can share information through connections
with other trainees, trainers, friends, and family through online
communities and message services such as MySpace, Facebook, and
Twitter.
• E-mail : Trainees communicate at different times. Communications are
received and managed at each trainee’s mail site.

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 Technology’s Influence on Training

• New training delivery and instructional methods include online learning

(also called e-learning), distance learning, simulations, virtual reality,
expert systems, electronic support systems, and learning management
systems. New technologies have influenced the delivery of training,
training administration, and training support.
• New training technologies are unlikely to totally replace face-to-face
instruction and face-to-face instruction will be combined with new
training technologies (a combination known as blended training) to
maximize learning.

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• Technology has allowed learning to become a more dynamic process. The
learning environment can be expanded to include greater interaction
between learners and the training content as well as between learners and
the instructor.

• The trainer may help design the instruction, but the instruction is
primarily delivered to the learners through technology such as online
learning, simulations, or iPods. The instructor becomes more of a coach
and resource person to answer students 'questions and is less involved in
delivery of training content.

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• Learning occurs primarily through communicating with other learners,
working on virtual team projects, participating in games, listening,
exchanging ideas, interacting with experts (engineers, managers, etc.), and
discovering ideas and applications using hyperlinks that take the learner to
other Web sites.

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• For example, online learning, or e-learning, includes instruction and
delivery of training using the Internet or Web. Distance learning typically
involves videoconferencing and/or computers for delivery of instruction
from a trainer to trainees who are not in the same location as the trainer.
Mobile technologies allow training to be delivered through iPods, personal
data assistants (PDAs), and handheld computers that allow trainees to tune
in to training programs at any time or place.

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 Technology and Learning Environment

The Internet is primarily responsible for creating our revolution in learning.

Internet technology has permitted the development of electronic networks that
integrate voice, video, and data connections among learners, instructors, and
experts.

There are three types of learning environment

• Traditional class room learning environment
• Technological learning environment
• Blended Learning Environment

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• In the blended learning environment, trainees have access to a blended
training curriculum that consists of both online and classroom instruction.
• Traditionally, the learning environment included only the instructor or
trainer and the learners. The trainer was responsible for delivering content,
answering questions, and testing learning. Trainees played a passive role in
learning. Communication on course content was one-way: from the
instructor to the learner.

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 Types of Learning Environment

Class Room learning environment

Trainer / Instructor
Delivery, Content

Learner Learner Learner

Expert Resource Material

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Class Room learning environment
 Technological learning environment

Technology Delivery
Mechanism Trainer/Instructor

Learner Learner Learner

Experts Resource Materials

websites
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Technological learning environment
 Blended Learning Environment

Online Trainer /
Learning Instructor

Learner Learner Learner

Resource Material
Experts
Websites

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Blended Learning Environment
 Technology based training methods
Technology methods allow learning to become more job-related and
directly meet a business need.
Virtual Reality : Virtual reality is a computer-based technology that provides
trainees with a three dimensional learning experience. Virtual reality allows
simulations to become even more realistic. Using specialized equipment or
viewing the virtual model on the computer screen, trainees move through
the simulated environment and interact with its components. Technology is
used to stimulate multiple senses of the trainee. Devices relay information
from the environment to the senses.
• One advantage of virtual reality is that it allows trainees to practice
dangerous tasks without putting themselves or others in danger
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Virtual Reality

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• Research suggests that virtual reality training is likely to have
the greatest impact on complex tasks or tasks that involve
extensive use of visual cues.
• The virtual reality environment can be virtually identical to the
actual work environment.
• Another potential advantage relates to the cognitive processing
• required by the learner. The use of such a realistic environment
in training may make more memory available for learning.

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Virtual Worlds

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Virtual Worlds : Second Life is a computer-based, simulated online virtual
world that includes a three dimensional representation of the real world
and a place to host learning programs or experiences. In Second Life,
trainees use an avatar to interact with each other in classrooms, “webinars”
(Web-based seminars), simulations, or role-play exercises. The virtual
world of Second Life allows for learning to be real without being
dangerous or risky for patients, employees, or customers.
• The virtual environment can imitate an actual workplace such as a lab,
processing plant, or hospital emergency room, allowing trainees to both
practice their skills without harming products or patients and at the same
time see the real-life consequences of their actions and decisions.

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Mobile Technology and Training Methods

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 Mobile Technology and Training Methods: Ipods, Pdas

Mobile technology allows learning to occur anywhere at anytime. Mobile

technology consists of
• Wireless transmission systems such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth that allow
transmission of data without the need for physical connections between
devices or between a device and an Internet connection.
• Mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), MP3 players,
portable computers, iPods, global positioning system (GPS) devices, and
radio frequency identification chips (RFID).
• Software applications related to processing audio files, word processing,
spreadsheets, Internet, e-mail, and instant messaging.

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Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are instructional systems that use
artificial intelligence. There are three types of ITS environments: tutoring,
coaching, and empowering. Tutoring is a structured attempt to increase
trainee understanding of a content domain. Coaching provides trainees with
the flexibility to practice skills in artificial environments. Empowering
refers to the student’s ability to freely explore the content of the training
program.
Interactive distance learning (IDL) refers to the latest generation of
distance learning, which uses satellite technology to broadcast programs
to different locations and allows trainees to respond to questions posed
during the training program using a keypad.99 IDL is being used by
companies that have employees in many different locations and who lack
computers or online access.

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Thank You

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