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    Causes of Flooding Impact of Flooding

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    raja_tanuku
    Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Intense or prolonged rainfall that exceeds infiltration capacity can overwhelm drainage systems. Urbanization and deforestation increase runoff, while infrastructure like dams and drainage systems can fail catastrophically. Flooding impacts include property damage, crop loss, loss of life, transport disruptions, and water contamination. However, flooding can also benefit agriculture through sediment deposition and groundwater recharge.

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    Causes of Flooding Impact of Flooding

    Uploaded by

    raja_tanuku
    27 views21 pages
    Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Intense or prolonged rainfall that exceeds infiltration capacity can overwhelm drainage systems. Urbanization and deforestation increase runoff, while infrastructure like dams and drainage systems can fail catastrophically. Flooding impacts include property damage, crop loss, loss of life, transport disruptions, and water contamination. However, flooding can also benefit agriculture through sediment deposition and groundwater recharge.

    Original Description:

    Floods Impacts

    Original Title

    Floods Causesimpacts 120212004851 Phpapp01

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    Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Intense or prolonged rainfall that exceeds infiltration capacity can overwhelm drainage systems. Urbanization and deforestation increase runoff, while infrastructure like dams and drainage systems can fail catastrophically. Flooding impacts include property damage, crop loss, loss of life, transport disruptions, and water contamination. However, flooding can also benefit agriculture through sediment deposition and groundwater recharge.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views21 pages

    Causes of Flooding Impact of Flooding

    Uploaded by

    raja_tanuku
    Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Intense or prolonged rainfall that exceeds infiltration capacity can overwhelm drainage systems. Urbanization and deforestation increase runoff, while infrastructure like dams and drainage systems can fail catastrophically. Flooding impacts include property damage, crop loss, loss of life, transport disruptions, and water contamination. However, flooding can also benefit agriculture through sediment deposition and groundwater recharge.

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    of 21

    •Causes of flooding

    •Impact of flooding
    A discharge great
    enough to cause a body
    of water to overflow its
    channel and submerge
    the surrounding land.

     Canhave huge social


    and economic costs but
    can also be beneficial
    • E.g. creating fertile soils
    PHYSICAL HUMAN
    Urbanisation
     Climatological

    Deforestation
     Natureof
    drainage basin

     Coastal influences
     Climatological factors:
    1. Intense rainfall (rainfall intensity > infiltration
    capacity) – common in semi-arid areas
    2. Prolonged period of rainfall produces saturation of
    the soil and overland flow ( widespread flooding in
    UK during summer 2007 was the result of the
    wettest summer since 1766)
    3. A sudden increase in temperature producing rapid
    snowmelt, which can be made worse by frozen
    ground limiting infiltration
    4. (1995 Rhine flood in Germany & Netherlands)
    Nature of drainage basin:

    1. Infiltration rate depends on rock and soil

    2. Shape of the river basin, gradient and


    vegetation covers affect how quickly run-
    off reaches the channel
     Coastal influences:

     High seasonal tides, storm


    surges, tropical cyclones
    can result in higher water
    levels in rivers and low-
    lying coastal areas

    • E.g. Bangladesh
    1. Deforestation

    • Reduces interception and


    evapotranspiration

    • Increase run-off

    • Decrease in channel capacity


    due to amt of sediment being
    carried into river channel

    • E.g. Maraca rainforest in the


    Amazon Basin
    • The creation of highly
    impermeable surfaces
    such as roads, roofs
    and pavements

    • Smooth surfaces
    served by a dense
    network of drains,
    gutters and
    underground sewers,
    effectively increasing
    drainage density
    • Natural river channels are
    often constricted by
    bridge supports or
    riverside facilities,
    reducing their carrying
    capacity

    • Straightening river
    channels and lining them
    with concrete as part of
    building projects lead to
    faster delivery of water
    downstream
     Failureof hard engineering such as a
    dam burst can produce catastrophic
    flooding
    • Dam burst in an iron ore mine near Seville,
    Spain 1999

     Land management techniques such as:


    • drainage systems,
    • digging ditches or
    • ploughing up and down a slope
     will decrease lagtime for water to reach the
    river channel
    The process of finding the probability
    (how likely it is to happen) that a
    hazardous event of particular size
    occur within a given period of the time
    and estimating its impact
     Building and property washed away by water and
    mud

     Crops ruined and farmlands saturated for months

     People and animals can drown in fast flowing water

     Transport can be interrupted; airport can be


    closed, roads and railways submerged under water

     Sewage contaminate drinking water and causes


    diseases like cholera & typhoid
    Gadong flood
    Road between Mc Donald and Mall
     Replenishes groundwater reserves

     Providesnutrient-rich sediment for


    agriculture in the dry season

     Reduces the need for artificial fertilisers

     Flushes
    pollutants and pathogens away from
    domestic areas

     May increase the fish supply

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