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    LAB 6: P /E S S P: Ower Nergy of The Ignals and Ystem Roperties

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    ahmed
    This document discusses function handles in MATLAB and their use in representing, visualizing, and processing signals in both the time and frequency domains (CLO5). It provides examples of using function handles with operations like differentiation, integration, and plotting. It also discusses calculating and classifying the power and energy of signals as either power signals, energy signals, or neither. Tasks are presented on applying these concepts to discrete-time and continuous-time signals. Additional tasks demonstrate using MATLAB to verify if systems are time-invariant or not.

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    LAB 6: P /E S S P: Ower Nergy of The Ignals and Ystem Roperties

    Uploaded by

    ahmed
    37 views4 pages
    This document discusses function handles in MATLAB and their use in representing, visualizing, and processing signals in both the time and frequency domains (CLO5). It provides examples of using function handles with operations like differentiation, integration, and plotting. It also discusses calculating and classifying the power and energy of signals as either power signals, energy signals, or neither. Tasks are presented on applying these concepts to discrete-time and continuous-time signals. Additional tasks demonstrate using MATLAB to verify if systems are time-invariant or not.

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    matlab guide

    Original Title

    Lab 6

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    This document discusses function handles in MATLAB and their use in representing, visualizing, and processing signals in both the time and frequency domains (CLO5). It provides examples of using function handles with operations like differentiation, integration, and plotting. It also discusses calculating and classifying the power and energy of signals as either power signals, energy signals, or neither. Tasks are presented on applying these concepts to discrete-time and continuous-time signals. Additional tasks demonstrate using MATLAB to verify if systems are time-invariant or not.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views4 pages

    LAB 6: P /E S S P: Ower Nergy of The Ignals and Ystem Roperties

    Uploaded by

    ahmed
    This document discusses function handles in MATLAB and their use in representing, visualizing, and processing signals in both the time and frequency domains (CLO5). It provides examples of using function handles with operations like differentiation, integration, and plotting. It also discusses calculating and classifying the power and energy of signals as either power signals, energy signals, or neither. Tasks are presented on applying these concepts to discrete-time and continuous-time signals. Additional tasks demonstrate using MATLAB to verify if systems are time-invariant or not.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    LAB 6: POWER/ENERGY OF THE SIGNALS AND SYSTEM

    PROPERTIES
    CLO5: USE MODERN TOOL (E.G. MATLAB) FOR SIGNAL REPRESENTATION,
    VISUALIZATION AND PROCESSING IN BOTH TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN.

    Function Handle
    A function handle is a MATLAB data type that holds information to be used referencing a function.
    When you create a function handle, MATLAB captures all the information about the function that it
    needs to execute it later on. Once the handle is created, it can be used to execute the function at any
    time.

    Function handles are defined using the @ operator. Consider the following example:

    >> f = @(x) x^5-3*x

    f =

    function_handle with value:

    @(x)x^5-3*x

    This tells MATLAB to create a function for which x is the variable (this is what the @(x) does) and
    for which the rule is x^2-x. Here are some things we can do with function handles. We can plug things
    in:
    >> f(3)

    ans =

    234

    Differentiation and Integration


    We cannot simply do diff(f) because diff doesn't work as-is on function handles. However, if we define
    x as symbolic then Matlab will accept diff. What's happening here is that f is a function handle but
    f(x) is symbolic because symbolic x is plugged in:

    >> clear all;


    >>f = @(x) x^5-3*x;
    >>syms x;
    >>diff(f(x))

    ans =

    5*x^4 - 3

    MCT-301L: Signals and Systems


    Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
    AND

    >>diff(f(x),2)

    ans =
    20*x^3

    Also, provided x is symbolically defined then the following will work:


    >>diff(f,x,2)

    ans =
    20*x^3

    Integration works the same way in that int(f) and int(f,1,2) will work provided x is symbolic:
    >>clear all;
    >>f = @(x) x^5-3*x;
    >>syms x;
    >>int(f(x))

    ans =
    (x^2*(x^4 - 9))/6

    AND

    >>int(f(x),1,2)

    ans = 6

    will work fine, as will:

    >>int(f,x,1,2)

    ans = 6

    MCT-301L: Signals and Systems


    Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
    Calculate Power and Energy of a Signal:
    The power of signal (with independent time variable n) is given by the averaging the summation:
    𝑛=𝑁
    1
    𝑃(𝑥[𝑛]) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∑ |𝑥[𝑛]|2
    𝑁→∞ 2𝑁 + 1
    𝑛=−𝑁
    while energy is:
    𝑛=𝑁

    𝐸(𝑥[𝑛]) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∑ |𝑥[𝑛]|2


    𝑁→∞
    𝑛=−𝑁

    While it is easier to implement summation, the limit part is implemented by setting N to some number
    e.g. 100 or 1000 and then increasing it gradually. When N is steadily increased, if the power of the
    signal approaches constant value while its energy keeps increasing, it is a power signal. On the other
    hand, if the energy of signal approaches constant value and its power approaches zero, it is energy
    signal. Otherwise the signal can be classified as neither power nor energy signal.

    TASK 1:
    Calculate power and the energy of the following signals and classify them as power signal, energy
    signal or neither power nor energy signal. You have to plot the Power and Energy graph and
    also find the mean Power and Energy:
    𝜋 𝜋
    a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 5 𝑛 − 15)
    b) 0. 8|𝑛|
    2𝜋
    c) 𝑒 𝑗 10 𝑛
    d) (−1)𝑛
    𝑛
    𝜋
    e) 𝑒 100 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (6 𝑛)

    y = @ (n) cos (n); %Replace cos(n) with


    N = 100;
    for i = 1:1000
    P (i) = 0 ; E (i) = 0;
    for m = -N:N
    %Complete the Logic
    end
    P (i) = %Complete the Logic
    N = N + 10;
    end
    i = 1: 1000;
    mean (P)
    mean (E)
    subplot (2, 1, 1); plot (i,P,'r');
    xlabel ('N'); ylabel ('Power');
    subplot (2, 1, 2);
    plot (i,E,'g');
    xlabel ('N'); ylabel ('Energy');

    TASK 2:

    Repeat Task 1 for Continuous-Time signals.

    MCT-301L: Signals and Systems


    Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
    Verifying System Properties:

    Task 3:
    Consider the discrete-time system y[n] = n x[n]. Use MATLAB to verify whether the system is Time
    Invariant or not.

    a. Assume that the input to this system is x[n] = u[n]-u[n-4].


    b. Sketch the input x[n].
    c. Sketch the output y[n] for input x[n].
    d. Let x1[n] = x[n-2]. Sketch the input x1[n].
    e. Sketch the output y1[n] for input x1[n].
    f. Sketch the output y[n-2].
    g. Is the output y1[n] equal to y[n-2]? Is system TI?

    Task 4:

    Repeat Task3 for the system y[n] = (x[n+1] + x[n] + x[n-1])/3 (It is moving average filter with M=1)

    MCT-301L: Signals and Systems


    Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore

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