Unit 3 Practice Test: Dynamics

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What is the common formula for work?

a. W = F∆x c. W = Fd2
b. W = Fd d. W = F2d
____ 2. The more powerful the motor is,
a. the longer the time interval for doing the work is.
b. the shorter the time interval for doing the work is.
c. the greater the ability to do the work is.
d. the shorter the workload is.
____ 3. A worker pushes a wheelbarrow with a horizontal force of 50.0 N over a level distance of 5.0 m. If a frictional
force of 43 N acts on the wheelbarrow in a direction opposite to that of the worker, what net work is done on
the wheelbarrow?
a. 250 J c. 35 J
b. 0.0 J d. 10.0 J
____ 4. A child moving at constant velocity carries a 2 N ice-cream cone 1 m across a level surface. What is the net
work done on the ice-cream cone?
a. 0 J c. 2 J
b. 0.5 J d. 20 J
____ 5. A horizontal force of 200 N is applied to move a 55 kg television set across a 10 m level surface. What is the
work done by the 200 N force on the television set?
a. 4000 J c. 2000 J
b. 5000 J d. 6000 J
____ 6. Which of the following energy forms is the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy?
a. total energy c. nonmechanical energy
b. sum (Σ) energy d. mechanical energy
____ 7. Which of the following energy forms is involved in a pencil falling from a desk?
a. kinetic energy
b. nonmechanical energy
c. gravitational potential energy
d. elastic potential energy and kinetic energy
____ 8. A 3.00 kg toy falls from a height of 10.0 m. Just before hitting the ground, what will be its kinetic energy?
(Disregard air resistance. g = 9.81 m/s2.)
a. 98.0 J c. 29.4 J
b. 0.98 J d. 294 J
____ 9. What is the kinetic energy of a 0.135 kg baseball thrown at 40.0 m/s?
a. 54.0 J c. 108 J
b. 87.0 J d. 216 J
____ 10. Which of the following energy forms is associated with an object due to its position?
a. potential c. total
b. positional d. kinetic
____ 11. The main difference between kinetic energy and potential energy is that
a. kinetic energy involves position and potential energy involves motion.
b. kinetic energy involves motion and potential energy involves position.
c. although both energies involve motion, only kinetic involves position.
d. although both energies involve position, only potential involves motion.
____ 12. Which of the following energy forms is associated with an object due to its position relative to Earth?
a. potential energy c. gravitational potential energy
b. elastic potential energy d. kinetic energy
____ 13. Which of the following parameters expresses how resistant a spring is to being compressed or stretched?
a. compression distance c. spring constant
b. relaxed length d. stretching distance
____ 14. A 0.002 kg coin, which has zero potential energy at rest, is dropped into a 10.0 m well. After the coin comes
to a stop in the mud, what is its potential energy?
a. 0.000 J c. –0.196 J
b. 0.196 J d. 0.020 J
2
____ 15. A 5.00 × 10 N crate is at the top of a 5.00 m ramp, which is inclined at 20.0° with the horizontal. What is its
potential energy? (g = 9.81 m/s2.)
a. 855 J c. 815 J
b. 2350 J d. 8390 J
____ 16. Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park shoots water every hour to a height of 40.0 m. With what
velocity does the water leave the ground? (Disregard air resistance. g = 9.81 m/s2.)
a. 7.00 m/s c. 19.8 m/s
b. 14.0 m/s d. 28.0 m/s
____ 17. A pole vaulter clears 6.00 m. With what velocity does the vaulter strike the mat in the landing area?
(Disregard air resistance. g = 9.81 m/s2.)
a. 2.70 m/s c. 10.8 m/s
b. 5.40 m/s d. 21.6 m/s
____ 18. A horizontal force of 2.00 × 102 N is applied to a 55.0 kg cart across a 10.0 m level surface, accelerating it
2.00 m/s2. Find the force of friction that slows the motion of the cart?
a. 110 N c. 80.0 N
b. 90.0 N d. 70.0 N
____ 19. Which of the following is the rate at which energy is transferred?
a. potential energy c. mechanical energy
b. kinetic energy d. power
____ 20. Which of the following equations is NOT an equation for power?
a. c.

b. d.

____ 21. What is the average power output of a weight lifter who can lift 250 kg 2.0 m in 2.0 s?
a. 5.0 × 102 W c. 4.9 kW
b. 2.5 kW d. 9.8 kW
____ 22. Which of the following has the greatest momentum?
a. tortoise with a mass of 270 kg moving at a velocity of 0.5 m/s
b. hare with a mass of 2.7 kg moving at a velocity of 7 m/s
c. turtle with a mass of 91 kg moving at a velocity of 1.4 m/s
d. roadrunner with a mass of 1.8 kg moving at a velocity of 6.7 m/s
____ 23. What velocity must a 1340 kg car have in order to have the same momentum as a 2680 kg truck traveling at a
velocity of 15 m/s to the west?
a. 6.0 × 101 m/s to the west c. 3.0 × 101 m/s to the west
b. 6.0 × 101 m/s to the east d. 3.0 × 101 m/s to the east
____ 24. A baseball is pitched very fast. Another baseball of equal mass is pitched very slowly. Which of the following
statements is correct?
a. The fast-moving baseball is harder to stop because it has more momentum.
b. The slow-moving baseball is harder to stop because it has more momentum.
c. The fast-moving baseball is easier to stop because it has more momentum.
d. The slow-moving baseball is easier to stop because it has more momentum.
____ 25. A person sitting in a chair with wheels stands, causing the chair to roll backward across the floor. The
momentum of the chair
a. was zero while stationary and increased when the person stood.
b. was greatest while the person sat in the chair.
c. remained the same.
d. was zero when the person got out of the chair and increased while the person sat.
____ 26. An ice skater initially skating at a velocity of 3 m/s speeds up to a velocity of 5 m/s. The momentum of the
skater
a. decreases. c. remains the same.
b. increases. d. becomes zero.
____ 27. The change in an object’s momentum is equal to
a. the product of the mass of the object and the time interval.
b. the product of the force applied to the object and the time interval.
c. the time interval divided by the net external force.
d. the net external force divided by the time interval.
____ 28. Which of the following situations is an example of a visible change in momentum?
a. A hiker walks through a spider’s web. c. A volleyball hits a mosquito in the air.
b. A car drives over a pebble. d. A baseball is hit by a bat.
____ 29. A 0.2 kg baseball is pitched with a velocity of 40 m/s and is then batted to the pitcher with a velocity of 60
m/s. What is the magnitude of change in the ball’s momentum?
a. 4 kg•m/s c. 2 kg•m/s
b. 8 kg•m/s d. 20 kg•m/s
____ 30. The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent to the body’s change in
a. velocity. c. momentum.
b. kinetic energy. d. force.
____ 31. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually breaks, while one dropped
on the grass usually does not break because for the egg dropped on the grass,
a. the change in momentum is greater. c. the time interval for stopping is greater.
b. the change in momentum is less. d. the time interval for stopping is less.
____ 32. Two skaters stand facing each other. One skater’s mass is 60 kg, and the other’s mass is 72 kg. If the skaters
push away from each other without spinning,
a. the 60 kg skater travels at a lower momentum.
b. their momenta are equal but opposite.
c. their total momentum doubles.
d. their total momentum decreases.
____ 33. In a two-body collision,
a. momentum is conserved.
b. kinetic energy is conserved.
c. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved.
d. both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
____ 34. An astronaut with a mass of 70.0 kg is outside a space capsule when the tether line breaks. To return to the
capsule, the astronaut throws a 2.0 kg wrench away from the capsule at a speed of 14 m/s. At what speed does
the astronaut move toward the capsule?
a. 5.0 m/s c. 3.5 m/s
b. 0.4 m/s d. 7.0 m/s
____ 35. Each croquet ball in a set has a mass of 0.50 kg. The green ball travels at 10.5 m/s and strikes a stationary red
ball. If the green ball stops moving, what is the final speed of the red ball after the collision?
a. 10.5 m/s c. 12.0 m/s
b. 6.0 m/s d. 9.6 m/s
____ 36. Two objects move separately after colliding, and both the total momentum and total kinetic energy remain
constant. Identify the type of collision.
a. elastic c. inelastic
b. perfectly elastic d. perfectly inelastic
____ 37. Two objects stick together and move with the same velocity after colliding. Identify the type of collision.
a. elastic c. inelastic
b. perfectly elastic d. perfectly inelastic
____ 38. After colliding, objects are deformed and lose some kinetic energy. Identify the type of collision.
a. elastic c. inelastic
b. perfectly elastic d. perfectly inelastic
____ 39. A billiard ball collides with a second identical ball in an elastic head-on collision. What is the kinetic energy
of the system after the collision compared with the kinetic energy before the collision?
a. unchanged c. two times as great
b. one-fourth as great d. four times as great
____ 40. A bowling ball with a mass of 7.0 kg strikes a pin that has a mass of 2.0 kg. The pin flies forward with a
velocity of 6.0 m/s, and the ball continues forward at 4.0 m/s. What was the original velocity of the ball?
a. 4.0 m/s c. 6.6 m/s
b. 5.7 m/s d. 3.3 m/s

Short Answer

41. In the following sentence, is the everyday or the scientific meaning of work intended?
A student works on a term paper.
42. How is work related to force and displacement?
43. A child pulls a toy across the floor. Is the work done on the toy positive or negative?
44. A worker picks up a bucket and sets it back down again in the same place. Is net work done on the bucket?
45. Explain how energy, time, and power are related.
46. What does the wattage of a light bulb indicate?
47. Which motor performs more work in the same amount of time—a 10 kW motor or a 20 kW motor? Explain
your reasoning.
48. How is a machine’s power rating related to its rate of doing work on an object?
49. On a pool table, a moving cue ball collides with the eight ball, which is at rest. Is it possible for both balls to
be at rest after the collision? Use the law of conservation of momentum to explain your reasoning.

Problem

50. A skier with a mass of 88 kg hits a ramp of snow at 16 m/s and becomes airborne. At the highest point of
flight, the skier is 3.7 m above the ground. What is the skier’s gravitational potential energy at this point?
Unit 3 Practice Test: Dynamics
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A 21. B
2. B 22. A
3. C 23. C
4. A 24. A
5. C 25. A
6. D 26. B
7. C 27. B
8. D 28. D
9. C 29. D
10. A 30. C
11. B 31. C
12. C 32. B
13. C 33. A
14. C 34. B
15. A 35. A
16. D 36. A
17. C 37. D
18. B 38. C
19. D 39. A
20. D 40. B

SHORT ANSWER

41. everyday meaning

42. Work is equal to the magnitude of the component of a force parallel to the displacement of the object
multiplied by the displacement of an object.
43. positive
44. no
45. Power is the rate at which energy is transferred. In other words, power is the energy transferred in a given
time interval.
46. The wattage tells the rate at which energy is converted by the bulb.
47. The more powerful 20 kW motor would do work in a shorter amount of time (or the 20 kW motor does twice
as much work in the same amount of time).
48. The power rating of a machine indicates the rate at which it does work on an object. A machine with a high
power rating can perform the same amount of work as a lower-rated machine in less time—that is its rate.
49. No, the final momentum can equal zero only if the initial momentum was zero. Because the cue ball was
moving, its initial momentum was not zero. Therefore, both balls cannot be at rest after the collision.

PROBLEM

50. 3.2 × 103 J