History of The Guitar

guitar in Italy.
Even later, in the same century, Gaspar Sanz wrote that other
nations such as Italy or France added to the Spanish guitar. All of these nations
even imitated the five-course guitar by "recreating" their own.[12]
Finally, circa 1850, the form and structure of the modern Guitar is credited to
Spanish guitar maker Antonio Torres Jurado, who increased the size of the guitar
body, altered its proportions, and invented the breakthrough fan-braced pattern.
Bracing, which refers to the internal pattern of wood reinforcements used to secure
the guitar's top and back and prevent the instrument from collapsing under tension,
is an important factor in how the guitar sounds. Torres' design greatly improved
the volume, tone, and projection of the instrument, and it has remained essentially
unchanged since.
TySeven-string and eight-string

Main articles: Seven-string guitar and eight-string guitar
Solid body seven-string guitars were popularized in the 1980s and 1990s. Other
artists go a step further, by using an eight-string guitar with two extra low
strings. Although the most common seven-string has a low B string, Roger McGuinn
(of The Byrds and Rickenbacker) uses an octave G string paired with the regular G
string as on a 12-string guitar, allowing him to incorporate chiming 12-string
elements in standard six-string playing. In 1982 Uli Jon Roth developed the "Sky
Guitar", with a vastly extended number of frets, which was the first guitar to
venture into the upper registers of the violin. Roth's seven-string and "Mighty
Wing" guitar features a wider octave range.[citation needed]
Electric bass
Main article: Bass guitar
A Fender Precision Bass-style bass guitar.

The bass guitar (also called an "electric bass", or simply a "bass") is similar in
appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale
length, and four to six strings. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is
usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave
lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G). The bass
guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher
than it sounds (as is the double bass) to avoid excessive ledger lines being
required below the staff. Like the electric guitar, the bass guitar has pickups and
it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker for live performances.
Construction
Headstock
Nut
Machine heads (or pegheads, tuning keys, tuning machines, tuners)
Frets
Truss rod
Inlays
Neck
Heel (acoustic) Neckjoint (electric)
Body
Pickups
Electronics
Bridge
Pickguard
Back
Soundboard (top)
Body sides (ribs)
Sound hole, with Rosette inlay
Strings
Saddle
Fretboard (or Fingerboard)
Handedness
See also: List of musicians who play left-handed
Modern guitars can be constructed to suit both left- and right-handed players.
Normally, the dominant hand (in most people, the right hand) is used to pluck or
strum the strings. This is similar to the convention of the violin family of
instruments where the right hand controls the bow.
Left-handed players sometimes choose an opposite-handed (mirror) instrument,

although some play in a standard-handed manner, others play a standard-handed
guitar reversed, and still others (for example Jimi Hendrix) played a standard-
handed guitar strung in reverse. This last configuration differs from a true
opposite handed guitar in that the saddle is normally angled in such a way that the
bass strings are slightly longer than the treble strings to improve intonation.
Reversing the strings, therefore, reverses the relative orientation of the saddle,
adversely affecting intonation, although in Hendrix's case, this is believed to
have been an important element in his unique sound.
Components
Head
Main article: Headstock
See also: Nut (string instrument)
An alternate headless Steinberger bass guitar.

The headstock is located at the end of the guitar neck farthest from the body. It
is fitted with machine heads that adjust the tension of the strings, which in turn
affects the pitch. The traditional tuner layout is "3+3", in which each side of the
headstock has three tuners (such as on Gibson Les Pauls). In this layout, the
headstocks are commonly symmetrical. Many guitars feature other layouts, including
six-in-line tuners (featured on Fender Stratocasters) or even "4+2" (e.g. Ernie
Ball Music Man). Some guitars (such as Steinbergers) do not have headstocks at all,
in which case the tuning machines are located elsewhere, either on the body or the
bridge.
The nut is a small strip of bone, plastic, brass, corian, graphite, stainless
steel, or other medium-hard material, at the joint where the headstock meets the
fretboard. Its grooves guide the strings onto the fretboard, giving consistent
lateral string placement. It is one of the endpoints of the strings' vibrating
length. It must be accurately cut, or it can contribute to tuning problems due to
string slippage or string buzz. To reduce string friction in the nut, which can
adversely affect tuning stability, some guitarists fit a roller nut. Some
instruments use a zero fret just in front of the nut. In this case the nut is used
only for lateral alignment of the strings, the string height and length being
dictated by the zero fret.
Neck
Main article: Neck (music)
See also: Fingerboard, Fret, Truss rod, Inlay (guitar), Set-in neck, Bolt-on neck,
and Neck-through
A guitar's frets, fretboard, tuners, headstock, and truss rod, all attached to a
long wooden extension, collectively constitute its neck. The wood used to make the
fretboard usually differs from the wood in the rest of the neck. The bending stress
on the neck is considerable, particularly when heavier gauge strings are used (see
Tuning), and the ability of the neck to resist bending (see Truss rod) is important
to the guitar's ability to hold a constant pitch during tuning or when strings are
fretted. The rigidity of the neck with respect to the body of the guitar is one
determinant of a good instrument versus a poor-quality one.
Contrasting Double Neck and Triple Neck guitars.
The shape of the neck (from a cross-sectional perspective) can also vary, from a
gentle "C" curve to a more pronounced "V" curve. There are many different types of
neck profiles available, giving the guitarist many options. Some aspects to
consider in a guitar neck may be the overall width of the fretboard, scale
(distance between the frets), the neck wood, the type of neck construction (for
example, the neck may be glued in or bolted on), and the shape (profile) of the
back of the neck. Other types of material used to make guitar necks are graphite
(Steinberger guitars), aluminum (Kramer Guitars, Travis Bean and Veleno guitars),
or carbon fiber (Modulus Guitars and ThreeGuitars). Double neck electric guitars
have two necks, allowing the musician to quickly switch between guitar sounds.
The neck joint or heel is the point at which the neck is either bolted or glued to
the body of the guitar. Almost all acoustic steel-string guitars, with the primary
exception of Taylors, have glued (otherwise known as set) necks, while electric
guitars are constructed using both types. Most classical guitars have a neck and
headblock carved from one piece of wood, known as a "Spanish heel." Commonly used
set neck joints include mortise and tenon joints (such as those used by C. F.
Martin & Co.), guitaracoustic guitar

History of The Guitar

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guitar in Italy.

TySeven-string and eight-string

A Fender Precision Bass-style bass guitar.

Left-handed players sometimes choose an opposite-handed (mirror) instrument,

An alternate headless Steinberger bass guitar.

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