Group 31 Wheel and Tire: Back Home
Group 31 Wheel and Tire: Back Home
Group 31 Wheel and Tire: Back Home
com
Group 31
Wheel and Tire
Table of Contents
BACK
HOME
SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................. 2
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................ 2
cardiagn.com
31-1
SPECIFICATIONS/TROUBLESHOOTING
SPECIFICATIONS
TROUBLESHOOTING
cardiagn.com
Dished wear (one or more spots)
Outside worn
Jagged wear
Center worn
Inside worn
Wavy wear
Possible causes
Overloading ●
Tire air pressure Insufficient ● ● ● ● ●
Excessive ●
Wheel alignment Toe-in Excessive ● ●
^ Gr 26 Insufficient ●
Camber Excessive ●
Insufficient ●
Toe-out excessive ● ●
Overall misalignment ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Knuckle arm bent ● ● ● ● ^ Gr 26
Left and right tie rod lengths different ● ^ Gr 26
Wheel balance incorrect ● ● ● ●
Wheel bearing loose ● ● ● ● ^ Gr 26, 27
Ball joint loose ● ^ Gr 26
Tie rod end loose ● ^ Gr 37
Brake drum eccentric ● ● ^ Gr 35
Axle bent ● ● ^ Gr 26, 27
Sudden starting, sudden braking or sharp turn ● ●
Left and right front wheel turning radius incorrect ● ^ Gr 26
Road surface influence ● ●
31-2
WHEEL AND TIRE 31
Work for Removal and Installation of Wheel and Tire
2
1
cardiagn.com
1 2 3
14233
● Work sequence
1 Place wheel chocks.
2 Jack up the front or rear axle using a garage jack placed under the center of the axle.
3 Support the frame on rigid racks.
WARNING–
• Chock the wheels securely so the vehicle does not move.
• Do not remove the chocks until the entire operation is completed.
• Supporting a vehicle on a garage jack only is extremely dangerous, so always support the frame on rigid
racks.
• Leave the garage jack and rigid racks in place until the entire operation is completed. Never remove them
during the operation.
31-3
WHEEL AND TIRE
NOTE
Use right-hand threaded wheel nuts marked “R” for right side wheel and left-hand threaded wheel nuts marked
“L” for left side wheel.
< Single tire >
● Removal sequence
6 2 1 Wheel nut
2 Tire assembly Õ P31-5
5 Hub bolt
6 Hub
11387
cardiagn.com
< Double tire >
● Removal sequence
6
1 Wheel nut (outer)
2 Tire assembly Õ P31-5
3 Wheel nut (inner)
2 4 Tire assembly Õ P31-5
5 Hub bolt
6 Hub
5
● Cleaning before installation
1Ê Õ P31-4
4 ● Installation sequence
3Ê Follow the removal sequence in reverse.
14237
◆ Service procedure
D ● Cleaning before installation
6
G B To prevent wheel nuts 1 and 3 and hub bolt 5 from becoming loose
A
and to prevent mounting parts (tire assemblies 2 and 4 and hub 6)
F from being damaged, remove rust, dust, additional coatings of paint,
1 5 and foreign particles from the following areas:
2 C
D 6 A : Hub bolt thread area
G E
AB B : Wheel mounting surface of hub
C : Wheel alignment area of hub
C D : Disc wheel mating surface
1 3 F2 4 5 11388 E : Disc wheel nut mounting surface
F : Wheel nut thread area
G : Wheel nut spherical area
31-4
31
Tire Assembly
● Disassembly sequence
1 Tire
2 Disc wheel
● Assembly sequence
Follow the disassembly sequence in re-
verse.
11389
cardiagn.com
Location Maintenance item Standard value Limit Remedy
1 Horizontal deflection of tire (When assembled) 3.5 {0.14} or less — —
2 Disc wheel Flatness 0.4 {0.016} or less — —
(wheel with 5 studs) Horizontal 1.5 {0.059} or less — —
deflection
Vertical 1.5 {0.059} or less — —
deflection
Disc wheel Flatness 0.3 {0.012} or less — —
(wheel with 6 studs) Horizontal 1.5 {0.059} or less — —
deflection
Vertical 1.5 {0.059} or less — —
deflection
1
◆ Service procedure
Deflection of tire
[Inspection]
If the measured value is higher than the limit, make corrections as
follows.
11390
31-5
WHEEL AND TIRE
[Correction]
A
• Put chalk marks on tire 1, disc wheel 2, and hub bolt * (positions A as
illustrated).
• Remove tire 1 from disc wheel 2.
2
*
11391
cardiagn.com
A
2
11392
B (1) Flatness
A 2
• Measure flatness at specified position B from the center of disc
wheel 2.
C Measure flatness at five equidistant points (wheel with 5 studs) or
six equidistant points (wheel with 6 studs) on the wheel.
D A : Dial gauge
B : ø165 to 250 mm {6.50 to 9.84 in.}
05996 (wheel with 5 studs)
ø170 to 270 mm {6.69 to 10.6 in.}
(wheel with 6 studs)
C : Portable screw jacks (x 4)
D : Surface plate
• Replace disc wheel 2 if the measured value is higher than the limit.
(2) Deflection
F
Replace disc wheel 2 if the measured value is higher than the limit.
10 mm
{0.39 in.} E E : Horizontal deflection measuring point
10 mm F : Vertical deflection measuring point
{0.39 in.}
2
05997
31-6