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  • Some Important Features of Chalcolithic Age: Chalcolithic Culture at A Glance

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    Chatterjee Kushal
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    This document provides information on the Chalcolithic period in pre-historic India, including important features and cultures. It notes that cotton was first produced, fortified settlements were built, and barley was a main crop. Several cultures are described that existed between 2800-900 BC, including the Ahar, Kayatha, Malwa, Savalda, and Jorwe cultures. Key artifacts including pottery styles and crops grown are outlined for each. The Iron Age is also introduced as beginning around 1300 BC, with evidence of its use in India by 1000 BC. Painted grey ware ceramics associated with this period are briefly described.

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    This document provides information on the Chalcolithic period in pre-historic India, including important features and cultures. It notes that cotton was first produced, fortified settlements were built, and barley was a main crop. Several cultures are described that existed between 2800-900 BC, including the Ahar, Kayatha, Malwa, Savalda, and Jorwe cultures. Key artifacts including pottery styles and crops grown are outlined for each. The Iron Age is also introduced as beginning around 1300 BC, with evidence of its use in India by 1000 BC. Painted grey ware ceramics associated with this period are briefly described.

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    115 views1 page

    Some Important Features of Chalcolithic Age: Chalcolithic Culture at A Glance

    Uploaded by

    Chatterjee Kushal
    This document provides information on the Chalcolithic period in pre-historic India, including important features and cultures. It notes that cotton was first produced, fortified settlements were built, and barley was a main crop. Several cultures are described that existed between 2800-900 BC, including the Ahar, Kayatha, Malwa, Savalda, and Jorwe cultures. Key artifacts including pottery styles and crops grown are outlined for each. The Iron Age is also introduced as beginning around 1300 BC, with evidence of its use in India by 1000 BC. Painted grey ware ceramics associated with this period are briefly described.

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    of 1

    H-16

    Pre-Historic Period

    Some Important Features of Chalcolithic Age •• Cotton was produced first time in this period.
    •• First village communities in Peninsular India was found.
    •• Both Kharif and Rabi crops were cultivated
    •• Jhum cultivation was practised.
    •• Barley was the main crop.
    •• First time fortified settlements were built, e.g. sites of
    •• A highly specialised store blade industry of siliceous Daimabad, Inamgao, Nagada, etc.
    store is found.

    Chalcolithic Culture at a Glance


    Culture Period Ware-features Grown crops Sites

    Ahar Culture 2800-1500 B.C White desgined black and rice, ragi, gram, jwar, Ahar, Balahal, Gilund.
    red ware. bajra, kulthi, lentil. (Rajasthan)

    Kayatha culture 2450-1700 B.C Cholcolate coloured slipped rice, ragi, gram, jwar, Chambal and its tributaries.
    ware, red painted buff ware, bajra, kulthi, lentil. (Madhya Pradesh)
    combed ware.

    Malwa Culture 1900-1400 B.C The walwas ware is coarse Wheat & barley. Narmada and its tributaries,
    in fabric with thick buff Navada toli, Eran, Nagada.
    surface. (The largest chalcolithic
    settlement) in M.P.

    Savalda Culture 2300-200 B.C - - Dhuria (Maharashtra)

    Jorwe Culture 1500-900 B.C painted black on red with rice, ragi, gram, jwar, Maharashtra, Prakash,
    matt surface dishes on stand, bajra, kulthi, lentil. Daimabad and Inamgaon.
    sprouted vases, stemmed
    cups, jars, basins etc.

    Prabhas Culture 2000-1400 B.C Lustrous Red Ware - -


    (Harappan/(Indus
    civilstation) belonged to this
    culture)

    Rangpur Culture 1700 - 1400 B.C Lustrous Red Ware (Harappa - Gheol and Kallubhar rivers
    Indus belong to this culture in Gujarat
    civilisation)

    IRON AGE
    The ‘Iron Age’ in the world context began about 1300 B.C. Its use in India also began around this period. But Gordon could
    find no evidence for the use of iron in India before 250 B.C. and Wheeler thought that the knowledge was introduced by
    Achaemenids in 500 B.C. However, Banerjee opined that Iron working began as early as 1000 B.C. and became common
    around 800 B.C.
    We have evidence of Iron at Pirak (1000 B.C.); at Mundigak and in the graves of Gandhara (1000 B.C.). In South India also
    Iron appeared around 1000 B.C. in Dharwar (Karnataka).
    Iron age is usually associated with the painted grey ware (P.G.W.) the ceramics which have been fired grey and then painted
    with black designs. Thus, the grey colour was obtained by firing thin clay pots to as high a temperature as 800°C. For these
    wares no grey colour was used for making them attractive.

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