DATA AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATION

DATA COMMUNICATIONS
DATA AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
COURSE FILE

FOR

B.Tech II/IV (IT) – II SEMESTER

(2019-2020)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SREE NIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad – 501 301
(AUTONOMOUS)

July- 2019

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 SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)

III Year B. Tech. IT – I Sem L T P/D C

3 1 - 3
(6C448) DATA COMMUNICATIONS

After studying this course, the students will be able to

1. Understand the basic concepts of internet protocols and layers on OSI and TCP/IP
protocol.
2. Get familiar with physical layer and transmission modes.
3. Explore the various types of transmission media.
4. Understand the purpose and use of Data link layer in communication.
5. Understand the concept of multiple access in wireless LANs.
6. Understand the components used in LAN connections.
UNIT - I
Introduction to Data Communications; Networks, the Internet, protocols and standards. Network models:
layered tasks, the OSI model, Layers in the OSI model, TCP/IP protocol suite, addressing

UNIT - II
Physical layer and media: Data and signals: Analog and digital, periodic analog signals, digital signals,
Transmission impairment, Data rate limits, Performance.
Digital transmission: Digital – to – digital conversion, Analog – to – digital conversion, Transmission
modes.
Analog transmission: Digital – to – analog conversion, Analog – to – analog conversion.
Bandwidth utilization: Multiplexing and spreading; Multiplexing, Spread spectrum

UNIT - III
Transmission media: Guided media, and unguided media
Switching: Circuit – switched networks, Datagram networks, Virtual – circuit networks, Structure of a
switch.

UNIT - IV
Data link layer: error detection and correction; Introduction, Block coding, Linear block codes, Cyclic
codes, Checksum
Data link control: Framing, Flow and error control, Protocols, Noiseless channels, Noisy channels,
HDLC, Point – to – point protocol

UNIT - V
Multiple access: Random access, Controlled access, Channelization, Wired LANs: Ethernet: IEEE
standards, changes in the standard, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet.
Wireless LANs: IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, Cellular telephone and satellite networks.

UNIT –VI
Connecting LANs, backbone networks, and virtual LANs: Connecting devices, Backbone networks,
Vitual LANs.Virtual Circuit Networks: Frame Relay, ATM, and ATM LANs.

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Data Communications and Networking, – Behrouz A. Forouzan, Fourth Edition 2006, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, India.
Data Communications, William Stallings, Seventh edition.

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 DATA COMMUNICATIONS
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE

Data communications may be the fastest growing technologies in our culture today. One of the
ramifications of that growth is a dramatic increase in the number of professions – where an
understanding of these technologies is essential for success - and a proportionate increase in the
number and types of students taking courses to learn about them. Data communication and
Computer Networking has many overlapping concepts but in data communication we stress more
on representation of data and its transformations.

During the last two decades computer networks have evolved from an academic curiosity to an
essential tool for users in business, government and university. In place of the initial proprietary
networks based on standard protocols confirming to OSI reference model have taken over
completely. The standardization of Network protocols essentially involves division of various
complex functions of the network into manageable parts (Layers) that can be easily understood
and implemented. The standardization has made it possible for computers from different vendors
to be networked effortlessly.

Understanding of various computer networking architectures, hardware components and

software protocols is essential for implementing optimum networking schemes for various
applications. Also with the rapid advancement in the hardware and software technologies best
changes are taking place in the capabilities of computer networks and new applications are
emerging which are of high performance and cost effective. In order to effectively contribute for
the growth of this advancing field, it is essential for every Computer and Electronics Engineering
graduate to clearly understand the existing Networking Technologies and Protocols. The present
course on Data Communications aims at making the student familiar with the concepts of Data
communications, its Components, existing networking protocols, technologies and applications.

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 DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
LECTURE SCHEDULE

NO.OF
UNIT/ PERIODS Sl.NO OF TOPIC TO BE COVERED
CHAPTER ALLOTTED PERIODS

UNIT-1 11 1 Introduction to Data Communications

1 Networks,
1 The Internet

1 Protocols and Standards.

2 Network models :Layered task
2 OSI reference model.
2 TCP/IP protocol suite
1 Addressing
UNIT II 11 2 Physical layer and media: Data and Signals , analog and
digital representations
1 Transmission impairment

1 Data rate limits and performance

2 Digital to Digital Conversion, Analog to Digital Conversion,

Transmission modes
2 Digital to Analog and analog to Analog Conversions
2 Multiplexing

1 Spread spectrum

UNIT III 12 3 Transmission media: Unguided media

3 Transmission media: Guided media

2 Switching: Circuit switched networks

1 Datagram networks, Virtual-circuit networks

3 Structure of a switch

UNIT IV 10 1 Error Detection and Correction

1 Block coding-Introduction

2 Linear block codes

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 1 Cyclic codes, check sum

1 Framing, Flow and error control

1 Protocols, Noiseless channels

1 Noisy channels
2 HDLC, point to point protocol.
UNIT V 14 2 Multiple access: Random access

1 Controlled access
1 Channelization
1 Wired LANs: Ethernet: IEEE standards
1 changes in the standard
1 Fast Ethernet
1 Gigabit Ethernet
2 Wireless LANs: IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth
2 Cellular telephone
2 satellite networks
UNIT VI 14 3 Connecting LANs, backbone networks, and virtual LANs

3 Connecting devices
2 Backbone networks
2 Virtual LANs.Virtual Circuit Networks: Frame Relay
2 ATM
2 ATM LANs
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classes

UNIT 1:
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Objective Questions:
1. What is Data Communications?
2. What are the Components of Data Communications?
3. What is distributed processing?
4. What is Physical topology?
5. What are the key elements of protocol?
6. What is de facto and de jure?
7. How are OSI and ISO related to each other?
8. What are the different protocol layers in OSI reference model?
9. What is Encapsulation?
10. Write at least two differences between the OSI and the TCP/IP models.
11. Differentiate between LAN and WAN
12. Define the terms Physical addresses, logical addresses, and specific addresses?

Essay Questions:
1. Draw the ISO-OSI model. Mention the major functions physical layer, Data Link Layer,
Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer and Application
Layer.
2. Draw the TCP/IP model and explain the difference (s) between TCP/IP and ISO-OSI
model.

UNIT – II:
Objective Questions:
1. Differentiate between Periodic and Nonperiodic signals?
2. Define the terms: the peak Amplitude, the frequency, and the phase
3. What are the causes of impairment?
4. What do you mean by Multiplexing and Demultiplexing?
5. Define Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)?
6. What do you mean by data rate limit?
7. How to calculate data rate for noiseless and Noisy channels?
8. Define the terms Throughput and Latency?
9. What is Line Coding?
10. List the Line Coding Schemes?

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 11. What are Sampling, Quantization, and Encoding?
12. What is spread spectrum?
13. What is Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)?
Essay type questions:
1. Differentiate between Baseband transmission and Broadband transmission?
2. Explain how data is represented as digital and as an analog signal.
3. With a neat diagram, explain Digital to Digital conversion.
4. With a neat diagram, explain Analog to Digital conversion.
5. With a neat diagram, explain Digital to analog conversion.
6. With a neat diagram, explain Analog to Analog conversion.

UNIT III:
Objective Questions:
1. What do you mean by Guided media?
2. What do you mean by unguided media?
3. What is EM spectrum?
4. What are the applications of Radio waves?
5. What are the applications of Microwaves?
6. What do you mean by Optical Communication?
7. What are the propagation methods?
8. What is Sky wave propagation?
9. What is Circuit switching and Packet switching.
10. What do you mean by virtual circuit networks?
11. Differentiate between circuit-switched networks and datagram networks?

Essay Questions:
1. Explain in detail about the characteristics of guided transmission media and Unguided
transmission media?
2. Explain in detail about Circuit switching and Packet switching?
3. Explain in detail about Virtual Circuit Networks?
4. Explain about the Space division switch?
5. Explain about the Time division switch?
UNIT IV:

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Objective Type Questions:
1. What are services provided by the data link layer?
2. What do you mean by single bit error and burst error?
3. What is Redundancy?
4. Explain briefly about Detection versus Correction?
5. Explain briefly about Forward Error Correction versus Retransmission?
6. Differentiate between Linear block codes and cyclic codes?
7. List out the different framing methods.
8. What is the disadvantage of character count framing method?
9. What is the purpose of bit stuffing in framing method?
10. Define Flow control and Error control?
11. Write about Stop-and-Wait Protocol?
12. Write about Stop-and-Wait Protocol ARQ?
13. What is Piggybacking?
14. What is HDLC protocol?

Essay Questions:
1. Explain the need for error detection and error correction in Data communications.
Explain briefly about the block coding, liner coding and cyclic coding.
2. Explain error detection and error correction using cyclic CRC
3. Define framing, flow control and error control protocols.
4. Explain about the HDLC and PPP protocol

UNIT V:
Objective questions

1. What is channelization?
2. What is Token Passing?
3. What are TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA?
4. Write about the Ethernet evolution through four generation?
5. What is NIC?
6. What is Autonegotiation?
7. What are the goals of the Gigabit Ethernet?

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 8. What is a Piconet?
9. What is footprint?
Essay Questions:
1. Explain about TDMA, FDMA and CDMA?
2. Explain in detail about the Random access protocols?
3. Explain in detail about the Ethernet evolution through four generations?
4. Explain the following terms
(i) Frequency Reuse (i) Handoff (iii) D-AMPS (iv) IS-95

UNIT – VI:

Objective questions:
1. How the Connecting devices are classified. Explain?
2. What is Loop problem?
3. What is a spanning tree?
4. How is a repeater different from an amplifier?
5. What is a transparent bridge?
6. What is Frame Relay?
7. Compare an SVC with a PVC
8. Name the ATM layers and their functions?

Essay Questions:
1. Explain in detail about the architecture of an ATM network?
2. Name the ATM layers and explain their functions?
3. Explain about the following connecting devices
(i) Repeaters (ii) Bridges (iii) Gateway
4. Explain about the following terms:
(i) Bus Backbone (ii) Star Backbone (iii) Virtual LANs

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 Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology Regulations:
(An Autonomous Institution) A15
Code No: 5C448 Date: 10-May-17
(FN)
B.Tech II-Year II-Semester End Examination, May- 2017 (Regular)
DATA COMMUNICATIONS (CSE & IT)
Time: 3 Hours
Max.Marks:75

Note: a) No additional answer sheets will be provided.

b) All sub-parts of a question must be answered at one place only, otherwise it will not be valued.
c) Assume any missing data.

Part - A Max.Marks:25
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.
1. Explain different types of Network Topologies. [3M]
2. Write short notes on PCM? [3M]
3. State the differences between the packet switching and circuit switching? [3M]
4. Explain about bit stuffing and byte stuffing. [3M]
5. What is the difference between Routing and Forwarding? [3M]
6. What is TDMA? [2M]
7. What are the advantages of multipoint communications over point-to-point
communications? [2M]
8. Define bit rate and data rate? [2M]
9. State the functions of network layer? [2M]
10. Explain about PAP. [2M]

Part – B Max.Marks:50
ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS. EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS.

1. a) State the differences between OSI and TCP/IP models

b) Explain the functions of various OSI Layers
2. a) Explain various methods used to convert Digital to Analog signal
b)What are the differences between FDMA and TDMA?
3. Explain the fallowing concepts in detail
a) Virtual-Circuit Networks
b) Space Division and Time Division Switching
4. a) Explain the role of Data link Layer in OSI Model
b) Write short notes on Line coding Mechanisms?
5. Explain the following
a) CDMA b) FDMA
6. a) Explain about ATM LAN Layers in detail
b) Explain back bone networks.
7. a) State various transmission mediums available in data communications?
b) Write short notes various types of networks?
8. a) Explain various Error detection mechanisms in data link layer
b) Write short notes on virtual LAN’s?

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