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    Inorganic

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    candy anderson
    Chelation is an entropic effect driven by increased disorder. When a polydentate ligand like ethylenediamine binds to a metal ion, it displaces multiple solvent molecules, increasing the solvent's entropy. This entropy-driven process shifts the reaction favoring complex formation. Crystal field splitting diagrams differ for octahedral and square planar complexes due to ligand orientation. In octahedral complexes, ligands approach along all three axes, splitting d-orbitals into lower energy t2g and higher energy eg sets. For square planar complexes, ligands approach only the xy-plane, further splitting the eg levels.

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    Inorganic

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    candy anderson
    69 views4 pages
    Chelation is an entropic effect driven by increased disorder. When a polydentate ligand like ethylenediamine binds to a metal ion, it displaces multiple solvent molecules, increasing the solvent's entropy. This entropy-driven process shifts the reaction favoring complex formation. Crystal field splitting diagrams differ for octahedral and square planar complexes due to ligand orientation. In octahedral complexes, ligands approach along all three axes, splitting d-orbitals into lower energy t2g and higher energy eg sets. For square planar complexes, ligands approach only the xy-plane, further splitting the eg levels.

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    Chelation is an entropic effect driven by increased disorder. When a polydentate ligand like ethylenediamine binds to a metal ion, it displaces multiple solvent molecules, increasing the solvent's entropy. This entropy-driven process shifts the reaction favoring complex formation. Crystal field splitting diagrams differ for octahedral and square planar complexes due to ligand orientation. In octahedral complexes, ligands approach along all three axes, splitting d-orbitals into lower energy t2g and higher energy eg sets. For square planar complexes, ligands approach only the xy-plane, further splitting the eg levels.

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    69 views4 pages

    Inorganic

    Uploaded by

    candy anderson
    Chelation is an entropic effect driven by increased disorder. When a polydentate ligand like ethylenediamine binds to a metal ion, it displaces multiple solvent molecules, increasing the solvent's entropy. This entropy-driven process shifts the reaction favoring complex formation. Crystal field splitting diagrams differ for octahedral and square planar complexes due to ligand orientation. In octahedral complexes, ligands approach along all three axes, splitting d-orbitals into lower energy t2g and higher energy eg sets. For square planar complexes, ligands approach only the xy-plane, further splitting the eg levels.

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    of 4

    1. Explain why chelation is an entropic effect.

    Chelating effect is caused by the polydenatate ligand, it is said to be more stable than
    monodentate ligands. For example ethylenediamine; this is a bidentate ligand that donates 2
    nitrogen atoms for every molecule of (en). The equation below shows 6NH3 molecules being
    displaced by 6 atoms of (en). These donates electron density to Ni (single metal ion).

    Chelating effect is driven by entropy. Many times the metal is solvated and so whenever the
    atoms of (en) interacts with the metal, wáter is being dispersed and so its hydration sphere is
    eliminated. This causes an increase in entropy that drives this reaction to spontanenity(-∆G). The
    interaction is responsable for the stability of the complex. Therefore the chelating effect is
    largely driven by entropy. A more positive entropy the more stable the complex (Stability of
    tansition metal complexes, 2018).

    Ni (NH3)62+ (aq) + 3en (aq) = Ni (en)32+ (aq) + 6 NH3 (aq) (en = ethylenediamine) for
    which K = 109

    4Compare a crystal field splitting diagram for an octahedral complex, with that of
    square planar one. Account for the differences.
    When ligands approach a central metal ion an electrostatic attraction occurs causing the d-orbital
    of the metal ion to undergo a change in energy depending on the shape of the orbital and the axes
    of approach. It results I breaking of degeneracy of transition metal complexes. The CFS theory
    gives an insight of the strength of metal-ligand complexes which may lead change in magnetic
    properties as well as color. Example octahedral complex and square planar complex.

    Difference between the octahedral complex and the square planar complex.

    Concerning the octahedral complex, six ligands approach the central metal ion. This causes the 5
    d-orbital to split resulting in energies higher than the degenerate orbitals of the free metal ion.
    Two of the orbitals jump to a higher energy level. This is known as eg ; dx2-y2 and dz2. This is so

    because the 3dz2 and 3dx2-y2 orbitals directly touches the negative point charges which
    approaches the x, y and z axes. This situation creates an unstable repulsion reaction between the
    electrons and the orbital (Crtstal field splitting, 2019).
    The diagram below shows the shape of the orbital and the electrons which approach along the x,
    y and z axes.

    On the hand the t2g; 3dxy, 3dxz and 3dyz have a lower energy level. This is so because the 3
    orbitals are found between the x,y and z axes resulting in lower repulsion between the electrons
    and the orbitals (More about 3d orbitals, 2018).

    Diagram below shows the the shape and axes of the t2g orbitals.
    Diagram showing the energy levels associated with octahedral complex ion
    Squared planar complex.
    In the case 4 ligands approach the central metal ion but its electrons are only attracted to the xy
    plane. dx2-y2, dxy, dz , and both dxz and dyz. The orbitals in the xy plane will have the highest
    2

    energy level. Because the electrons are only attracted to the zy plane, the electrons approaching
    the z plane will be negligible. However the energy level diagram is a modification of the
    octahedral diagrams. After the octahedral splitting occurs there is further splitting which results
    in the squared planar splitting. The eg energy level undergoes goes greater repulsion of dx2-y2
    due to electron approaching which causes an increase in energy level as see on the diagram.
    Therefore, the dz2 orbital goes to lower energy level because there is less repulsion. However,
    the t2g energy level undergoes the similar energy change as well because the electrons only
    approaching the xy plane. The 3dxy orbital jumps to a higher energy level and dxy and dyz
    jumps to a lower energy level (Crtstal field splitting, 2019).
    References
    Crtstal field splitting. (2019). Retrieved from Chhemistry libretext:
    https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(I
    norganic_Chemistry)/Crystal_Field_Theory/Crystal_Field_Theory
    More about 3d orbitals. (2018). Retrieved from http://xrisetube.com/?id=mycjnet.com
    Stability of tansition metal complexes. (2018). Retrieved from
    http://web.uvic.ca/~djberg/Chem324/Chem324-14.pdf

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