Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
SOCIETY-
Technology-
One of the core concepts in sustainable development is that technology can be
used to assist people to meet their developmental needs. Technology to meet
these sustainable development needs is often referred to as appropriate
technology, which is an ideological movement (and its manifestations) originally
articulated as intermediate technology by the economist E. F. Schumacher in his
influential work, Small is Beautiful. And now covers a wide range of
technologies. Both Schumacher and many modern-day proponents of
appropriate technology also emphasise the technology as people-centered Today
appropriate technology is often developed using open source principles, which
have led to Open-Source Appropriate Technology (OSAT) and thus many of the
plans of the technology can be freely found on the Internet. OSAT has been
proposed as a new model of enabling innovation for sustainable development
Transport-
Transportation is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. It is said that
one-third of all gases produced are due to transportation.Motorized transport also
releases exhaust fumes that contain particulate matter which is hazardous to
human health and a contributor to climate change.
Sustainable transport has many social and economic benefits that can accelerate
local sustainable development. According to a series of reports by the Low
Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP), sustainable
transport can help create jobs, improve commuter safety through investment in
bicycle lanes and pedestrian pathways, make access to employment and social
opportunities more affordable and efficient. It also offers a practical opportunity
to save people's time and household income as well as government
budgets,[78] making investment in sustainable transport a 'win-win' opportunity.
Some Western countries are making transportation more sustainable in both
long-term and short-term implementations. An example is the modification in
available transportation in Freiburg, Germany. The city has implemented
extensive methods of public transportation, cycling, and walking, along with large
areas where cars are not allowed.
Since many Western countries are highly automobile-oriented, the main transit
that people use is personal vehicles. About 80% of their travel involves
cars.[74] Therefore, California, is one of the highest greenhouse gases emitters in
the United States. The federal government has to come up with some plans to
reduce the total number of vehicle trips in order to lower greenhouse gases
emission. Such as:
Improve public transit through the provision of larger coverage area in order
to provide more mobility and accessibility, new technology to provide a more
reliable and responsive public transportation network.
Encourage walking and biking through the provision of wider pedestrian
pathway, bike share stations in downtowns, locate parking lots far from the
shopping center, limit on street parking, slower traffic lane in downtown area.
Increase the cost of car ownership and gas taxes through increased parking
fees and tolls, encouraging people to drive more fuel efficient vehicles. This
can produce a social equity problem, since lower income people usually drive
older vehicles with lower fuel efficiency. Government can use the extra
revenue collected from taxes and tolls to improve public transportation and
benefit poor communities