MIDNAPORE COLLEGE (AUTONOMUS)

SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc. STATISTICS (HONOURS)

Department of Statistics
Course Structure of B.Sc. Statistics

20% marks are allotted for internal assessment of each theoretical paper and 20% marks are
allotted for note-book and viva-voice of each practical paper
Paper Full
Semester Group Paper Name
Code Marks
A Probability Theory-I 25
101
B Real Analysis and Numerical Methods 25
I 102 Descriptive Statistics-I 25
Practical based on Paper 101-B( Numerical
103 25
Methods) & 102
Total 100
A Probability Theory-II 30
201
B Population Statistics 20
A Descriptive Statistics-II 25
II 202 Official & Economic Statistics and Time Series
B 25
analysis
Practical based on Paper 201-A(Fitting of
203 50
distribution & Scalling), 201-B & 202
Total 150
A Probability Theory-III 20
301
B Linear Algebra 30
A Statistical Computing in C 25
III 302
B Multivariate Analysis 25
A Practical based on Paper 302-A 25
303
B Practical based on Paper 301-B & 302-B 25
Total 150
A Sampling Distribution & Statistical Inference-I 35
401
B Statistical Quality control 15
IV A Large Sample Theory 15
402
B Sample Survey Methods 35
403 Practical based on Paper 401 & 402 50
Total 150

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Paper Full
Semester Group Paper Name
Code Marks
A Statistical Inference-II 25
501
B Linear Models & Design of Experiments-I 25
V 502 Practical based on Paper 501 50
Practical based on Statistical Computing (in
503 50
Excel & R)
Total 150
A Statistical Inference-II 20
601
B Design of Experiments-II 30
VI
A Practical based on Paper 601 25
602
B Project 25
Total 100
Total 800

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SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc. STATISTICS (HONOURS)

Semester-I
(101-A) Probability Theory-I (25 marks)

Random experiment: Trial, sample point, sample space and events, different operations
on events.

Definitions of probability: Subjective and objective probability, Classical, empirical, and

Kolmogorov’s axiomatic (detailed discussion on discrete space only). Relative-frequency
approach (long run) to probability.

Limitations of classical and empirical definitions of probability. Examples based on classical

definition of probability and repeated trials.

Theorems on probability of events. Probabilities of union and intersection of events,

Probabilities of exactly m and at least m among n (> m) events. Sequences of events and their
limits; Continuity of probability measures.

Conditional probability and independence of events, Bayes’ theorem and its applications.

Illustrations using difference equation (1st order only), product space and independent trials,
Geometric probability.

References:
1. Chung K.L. (1983): Elementary Probability Theory with Stochastic Process, Springer /
Narosa
2. Feller W. (1968): An Introduction to Probability Theory & its Applications, John Wiley
3. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-1),
World Press
4. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Intro. to Probability Theory & Math. Statistics, John Wiley
5. Hoel P.J., Port S.C. & Stone C.J. ( ): Introduction to Probability Theory (Vol-1), Mifflin &
UBS
6. Cramer H. (1954): The Elements of Probability Theory, John Wiley
7. Parzen E. (1972): Modern Probability Theory and its Applications, John Wiley
8. Uspensky J.V. (1937): Introduction to Mathematical Probability,McGraw Hill
9. Cacoullos T. (1973): Exercises in Probability. Narosa
10. Rahman N.A. (1983): Practical Exercises in Probability and Statistics, Griffen
11. Pitman J. (1993): Probability, Narosa
12. Stirzaker D. (1994): Elementary Probability, Cambridge University Press
13. Chandra T.K. & Chatterjee D. (2001): A First Course in Probability, Narosa
14. Bhat B.R. (1999): Modern Probability Theory, New Age International
15. Rohatgi VK & Saleh: An Introduction to Probability and statistics
16. Goon AM & Roy D: Problems in probability theory
17. Mukhopadhaya P: Mathematical Statistics

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SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc. STATISTICS (HONOURS)

(101-B) Real Analysis & Numerical Methods (25 marks)

Real Analysis

Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, supremum, infimum.

Sequences, monotone sequences, limit of sum and product of sequences, series of numbers,
simple test of convergence, power series, absolute convergence, limsup, liminf.

Continuity and its different characterization, uniform continuity, types of discontinuities,

intermediate value theorem, absolute continuity.

Differentiability, MVT, L’Hospital rule, Taylor’s theorem, statement of Taylor’s theorem for
several variables, extrema of functions (with or without constraints).

Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence.

Riemann sums and Riemann integral, Improper Integrals, Gamma and Beta integrals,
integration by parts, change of variable formula Multiple integral and Jacobian (without
proof).
Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial derivative, and derivative as a
linear transformation, inverse and implicit function theorems.

Concepts of o and O, Polar and Orthogonal transformations.

References:
1. Apostol T.M. (1985): Mathematical Analysis, Narosa
2. Apostol T.M. (1968): Calculus ( Vols 1 & 2)
3. Goldberg R.R. (1953): Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co.
4. Widder D.V. (1994): Advanced Calculus
5. Piskunov N. (1977): Calculus ( Vols 1 & 2 )
6. Malik S.C. & Arora S.(1991): Mathematical analysis
7. Narayan S. (1984): A course of Mathematical Analysis, S.Chand & Company Ltd.
8. Bartle R.G. and Sherbert D.R (third edition): Introduction to Real Analysis.
9. Malik SC: Principles of real analysis
10. Mapa SK: Real Analysis
11. Chakraborty A: Real analysis (Vol-1&2)

Numerical Methods

Approximation of numbers and functions, absolute and relative errors. Operators: Δ, , E and
divide difference and properties.

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Interpolation: Polynomial approximation, Difference Table, Newton’s Forward, Backward and

divided difference interpolation formulae and Lagrange’s general interpolation formula, Error
terms, Inverse interpolation.

Numerical differentiation and its applications.

Numerical integration: Trapezoidal & Simpson’s 1/3 rd and 3/8th rule, Euler-maclaurin’s sum
formula.

Numerical solution of equations: method of bisection and regular false. Method of fixed point
iteration and Newton-Raphson method in one unknown, Conditions of convergence, rates of
convergence and geometrical interpretation of each method. Extension of the iteration
method to two unknowns (without convergence).

Stirling’s approximation to factorial n

References :
1. Scarborough J.B. (1958): Numerical Mathematical Analysis, Oxford Univ. Press
2. Atkinson K. (1985): Elementary Numerical Analysis
3. Sastry S.S. (1998): Intriductory Methods of Numerical Analysis
4. Hildebrand F.B. (1974): Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hil
5. Mollah S.A: Numerical Analysis
6. Mukharjee K: Numerical Analysis

(102) Descriptive Statistics-I (25 marks)

Introduction: Nature of Statistics, Population and sample, Uses and abuses of Statistics,
Statistics and other disciplines.

Types of data: Primary and secondary data, Qualitative and quantitative data, Nominal, ordinal
and cardinal data. Cross-sectional and time-series data, Discrete and continuous data,
Frequency and non-frequency data.

Different types of scale of measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio and interval.

Collection and scrutiny of data: Collection of primary data-direct observation method.

Interview method, mailed questionnaire method, Types of schedules and questionnaires and
their designing, Data from controlled experiments. Scrutiny of data for internal consistency
and detection of errors in recording, Ideas of cross validation.

Presentation of data: Construction of tables with one or more factors of classification,

Diagrammatic presentations of non-frequency data. Construction of frequency distributions
and cumulative frequency distributions and their graphical and diagrammatic presentations.
Stem and leaf displays.

Analysis of quantified data: Univariate data -Different characteristics of frequency

distributions with their measures including quintiles: central tendency (including Trimmed
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and Winsorised mean), dispersion and relative dispersion of grouped and ungrouped data,
moments including Sheppard's corrections (without derivation), skewness and kurtosis, Box
plot, Outlier Detection.

References :
1. Goon A.M.,Gupta M. K., Dasgupta B.(1998): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-1),World Press
2. Yule G.U & Kendall M.G. (1950): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, C.Griffin
3. Snedecor & Cochran (1967): Statistical Methods (6thed), Iowa State Univ. Press
4. Croxton F.E., Cowden D.J. & Klein (1969): Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall
5. Wallis F.E. & Roberts H.V. (1957): Statistics- a new approach, Methuen
6. Tukey J.W. (1977): Exploratory Data Analysis, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.

103 Practical (25 marks)

Practical problem based on paper 101-B (Numerical Methods) and 102 (Descriptive
Statistics I).

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SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc. STATISTICS (HONOURS)

Semester – II
(201-A) Probability Theory II (30 marks)

Random Variables : Definition of discrete and continuous random variables, probability

mass function (p.m.f.) and probability density function (p.d.f.), cumulative distribution
function (c.d.f.), its properties and relation with p.m.f and p.d.f. Expectation and theorem of
expectation. Central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness, Kurtosis, Quantiles and Moments
(including absolute and factorial), convex function and moment’s inequalities.

Generating Functions: Probability generating function and moment generating function for
Univariate cases.

Univariate Discrete Distributions: Uniform, Bernoulli, Binomial, Hyper-geometric, Poisson,

Negative Binomial, Geometric and Power series distributions and their properties.

Univariate Continuous Distributions: Rectangular, Triangular, Normal, Cauchy, Gamma, Beta,

Exponential, Laplace, Logistic, Pareto, Weibul, Log-normal distributions and their properties.

Truncated distributions (discrete and continuous).

Idea, scaling of items according to difficulties, scaling of test scores (Z, Percentile, Thurstone,
equivalent), scaling of rates and ranks, scaling of judgments. Use of continuous distributions in
scaling, income or allied distributions.

References:
1. Chung K.L. (1983): Elementary Probability Theory with Stochastic Process, Springer /
Narosa
2. Feller W. (1968): An Introduction to Probability Theory & its Applications, John Wiley
3. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory( Vol-1),
World Press
4. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Intro. to Probability Theory & Math. Statistics, John Wiley
5. Hoel P.J., Port S.C. & Stone C.J. ( ): Introduction to Probability Theory (Vol-1), Mifflin &
UBS
6. Cramer H. (1954): The Elements of Probability Theory, John Wiley
7. Parzen E. (1972): Modern Probability Theory and its Applications, John Wiley
8. Uspesky J.V. (1937): Introduction to Mathematical Probability,McGraw Hill
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9. Cacoullos T. (1973): Exercises in Probability. Narosa

10. Rahman N.A. (1983): Practical Exercises in Probability and Statistics, Griffen
11. Pitman J. (1993): Probability, Narosa
12. Stirzaker D. (1994): Elementary Probability, Cambridge University Press
13. Chandra T.K. & Chatterjee D. (2001): A First Course in Probability, Narosa
14. Bhat B.R. (1999): Modern Probability Theory, New Age International
15. Rohatgi VK & Saleh: An Introduction to Probability and statistics
16. Goon AM & Roy D: Problems in probability theory
17. Mukhopadhaya P: Mathematical Statistics
(201-B) Population Statistics (20 marks)

Introduction: Sources of Population Data – Census data, Registration data and the
errors in such data. Rates and ratios of vital events.

Measurements of Mortality: Crude Death rate, Specific Death Rate, Standardized death Rate,
Case fatality rate, Maternal Mortality Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Neonatal and Perinatal
Mortality Rates.

Life tables: Descriptions of Complete and Abridged Life Tables and their uses, Cohort vs.
Generation Life Tables, Stable population and Stationary population, Construction of complete
life table from population and death statistics.

Measurements of Fertility: Crude Birth Rate, General Fertility Rate, Age Specific Fertility Rate,
Total Fertility Rate.

Measurements of Morbidity: Morbidity incidence and Morbidity prevalence rates.

Measurement of Population Growth: Crude Rate of Natural Increase and Vital Index, Gross and
Net Reproduction Rates.

Population Estimation, Projection and Forecasting: Use of A.P. and G.P. methods for population
estimates. Use of component method for population projection. Derivation of the equation to
the Logistic curve, its properties and fitting to observed data for population forecasting using
Rhode’s, Pear & Reed and Fisher’s method.

References :
1. Goon AM,Gupta MK,Dasgupta B(2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2),World Press
2. Gupta SC & Kapoor VK: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics
3. Spiegelman M. (1980): Introduction to Demography, Harvard University Press
4. Cox P.R. (1976): Demography
5. Biswas S. (1988): Stochastic Processes in Demography and Applications
6. Mishra B.D. (1980): An Introduction to the Study of Population, South Asian Pub.
7. Keyfitz. N and Caswell. H (2005): Applied Mathematical Demography (3rd edition),
Springer

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SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc. STATISTICS (HONOURS)

(202-A) Descriptive Statistics II (25 marks)

Bivariate data – scatter diagram, correlation coefficient and its properties, Coefficient
of determination, Correlation ratio, Correlation Index, Intra-class correlation (equal and
unequal group sizes), Principles of least squares, Concept of Regression, Fitting of polynomial
and exponential curves. Rank correlation (tie and non-tie) – Spearman’s and Kendall’s
measures.

Analysis of Categorical Data: Classification, frequencies and their relation, Consistency of data,
independence and association of attributes, measures of association in 2 x 2, m x n tabels –
Yule’s coefficient, Coefficient of colligation, Pearson’s coefficient, Vandermode’s measures,
Tschuprow’s measures and their inter relationship. Multiple and Partial association.
Goodman-Kruskal’s γ. Odds Ratio. Fitting of logit model through least squares.

References :
1. Goon AM,Gupta MK,Dasgupta B.(1998):Fundamentals of Statistics (V-1),World Press
2. Yule G.U & Kendall M.G(1950): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, C.Griffin
3. Kendall M.G. & Stuart A. (1966): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vols 1 & 2)
4. Snedecor & Cochran (1967): Statistical Methods (6thed), Iowa State Univ. Press
5. Croxton F.E., Cowden D.J. & Klein (1969): Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall
6. Wallis F.E. & Roberts H.V. (1957): Statistics- a new approach, Methuen
7. Lewis-Beck M.S. (edt.) (1993) : Regression Analysis, Sage Publications
8. A.Agresti (1984): Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data
9. A.Agresti : An introduction to Categorical Data Analysis
10. A.Agresti : Categorical Data Analysis

(202-B) Official & Economic Statistics, Time Series Analysis (25 marks)

Official Statistics

The Statistical system in India: The Central and State Government organizations, the functions
of the Central Statistical Organization (CSO), the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO)
and WB Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics.

Source of official statistics in India and WB relating to population, agriculture, industry, trade,
price and employment.

National Income statistics: Income, expenditure and production approaches. Their

applications in various sectors in India.

Economic Statistics

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Index Numbers: Price, Quantity and Value indices, Price Index Numbers: Construction, Uses,
Limitations, Tests for index numbers, various formulae and their comparisons,

Chain Index Number. Some Important Indices: Consumer Price Index, Wholesale Price Index
and Index of Industrial Production – methods of construction and uses.

Measurement of inequality

Gini’s coefficient, Lorenz curves-use of Pareto and Lognormal distributions as income or allied
distributions.

Time series analysis

Introduction: Examples of time series from various fields, Components of a times series,
Additive and Multiplicative models. Trend and Seasonal Components: Estimation of trend by
linear filtering (simple and weighted moving-averages) and curve fitting (polynomial,
exponential, Gompertz and Logistic), Variate Difference method, Detrending. Estimation of
seasonal component by ratio to moving-average method, ratio to trend method, link relatives,
Deseasonalization. Estimation of cyclical variation by Periodogram analysis and Harmonic
analysis.

Stationary Time series: Weak stationarity, Autocorrelation Function, Serial correlation,

Correlogram and lag correlation.

Some Special Processes: Moving-average (MA) process and Autoregressive (AR) process of
orders one and two, Estimation of the parameters of AR(1) and AR(2) – Yule-Walker
equations.

Exponential smoothing method of forecasting.

References:
1. C.S.O. (1984) : Statistical System in India
2. Goon A. M.,Gupta M. K,, and Dasgupta. B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2),World
Press
3. Yule G.U. & Kendall M.G. (1953): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, C.Griffin
4. Kendall M.G. & Stuart A. (1966): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 3), C.Griffin
5. Croxton F.E., Cowden D.J. & Klein (1969): Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall
6. Mudgett B.D. (1951): Index Numbers, John Wiley
7. Allen R.G.D. (1975): Index Numbers in Theory and Practice, Macmillan
8. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics
9. Johnston J. & Dinardo J. (1997): Econometric Methods, McGraw Hill
10. Nagar A.L. & Das R.K. (1976): Basic Statistics
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11. Kendall M.G. (1976): Time Series, Charles Griffin

12. Chatfield C. (1980): The Analysis of Time Series –An Introduction, Chapman & Hall
13. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics
14. Johnston J. & Dinardo J. (1997): Econometric Methods, McGraw Hill
15. MOSPI website
16. DOSPI, WB website
17. Gupta SC & Kapoor VK: Fundamentals of applied statistics

203 PRACTICAL (50 marks)

Practical problem based on paper 201-A (Probability Theory II i.e., fitting of probability
distribution and scaling), 201-B (Population Statistics), 202-A (Descriptive Statistics-II) and
202-B (Economic Statistics, Time Series Analysis).

Semester – III
(301-A) Linear Algebra (30 marks)

Vector Algebra: Introduction, addition and scalar multiplication. Linear combination,

linear dependence and independence. Vector spaces with real field and vector subspaces,
Concept of Spanning, Basis and dimension of a vector space, Euclidean Space: inner product
and Orthogonality, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization, Orthogonal basis, Ortho-complement of
Subspace.

Matrix Algebra: Matrices, Matrix operations, Different types of matrices (including non-
singular and orthogonal) and elementary transformations. Partition of a matrices.

Determinants: Definition, Properties, Evaluation of some standard determinants.

Inverse matrix: Definition & Properties .Inverse of some standard matrices.

Rank of a matrix: Row space and column space, concept of rank, standard results on rank.
Methods of finding rank: Echelon Matrices, the sweep-out and the pivotal condensations,
normal form, minor and rank. Null space and rank. Rank factorization.

Linear Transformation: Kernel & Image, Matrix representation.

System of linear equations: Homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems – conditions for

solvability. Gaussian Elimination.

Quadratic forms; classification and canonical reduction. Properties of n.n.d /n.p.d matrices.

Characteristic roots and vectors of a matrix, Properties of Characteristic roots and vectors of
symmetric matrix and canonical reduction of quadratic forms. Cayley -Hamilton theorem.

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References:
1. Hadley G. (1995): Linear Algebra, Addison Wesley/ Narosa
2. Rao A.R. & Bhimasankaran P. (1996): Linear Algebra
3. Searle S.R. (1982): Matrix Algebra – useful for Statistics, John Wiley
4. Rao C.R. (1974): Linear Statistical Inference & its Applications, Wiley Eastern
5. Rao C.R. (1952) : Advanced Statistical Inference in Biometric Research, John Wiley
6. Goon AM: Vectors and Matrices
7. Mapa SK: Abstract and linear algebra

(301-B) Probability Theory III (20 marks)

The p.m.f., p.d.f. and c.d.f. in bivariate case. Marginal and Conditional distributions,
Independence, Conditional Expectation and variences, Correlation and Regression. Theorems
on sum and product of expectations of random variables, generating functions in bivariate
cases.

Compound distribution (binomial and poisson).

Probability Inequalities: Markov’s inequality, Chebychev’s lemma & Chebychev’s inequalities

(one and two sided). Convergence in probability, Convergence in Distribution and related
results. Weak law of large numbers and its applications. Central limit theorem (IID case only),
De Movire-Laplace, Liapounoff’s and Lindeberg-Levy limit theorem as an application of CLT.

Bivariate Normal Distribution and its properties.

References:
1. Chung K.L. (1983): Elementary Probability Theory with Stochastic Process, Springer /
Narosa
2. Feller W. (1968): An Introduction to Probability Theory & its Applications, John Wiley
3. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-1),
World Press
4. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Intro. to Probability Theory & Math. Statistics, John Wiley
5. Hoel P.J., Port S.C. & Stone C.J. ( ): Introduction to Probability Theory (Vol-1), Mifflin &
UBS
6. Cramer H. (1954): The Elements of Probability Theory, John Wiley
7. Parzen E. (1972): Modern Probability Theory and its Applications, John Wiley
8. Uspesky J.V. (1937): Introduction to Mathematical Probability,McGraw Hill
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9. Cacoullos T. (1973): Exercises in Probability. Narosa

10. Rahman N.A. (1983): Practical Exercises in Probability and Statistics, Griffen
11. Pitman J. (1993): Probability, Narosa
12. Stirzaker D. (1994): Elementary Probability, Cambridge University Press
13. Chandra T.K. & Chatterjee D. (2001): A First Course in Probability, Narosa
14. Bhat B.R. (1999): Modern Probability Theory, New Age International
15. Rohatgi VK & Saleh: An Introduction to Probability and statistics
16. Goon AM & Roy D: Problems in probability theory
17. Mukhopadhaya P: Mathematical Statistics

(302-A) Statistical computing in C (25 marks)

Introduction to computers: Positional number system. Binary arithmetic, Binary, Octal and
Hexadecimal representation of integer and real numbers. Computer memory, Operating
system, Computer languages, Problem solving using computer.
Introduction to C, Historical development, The C character set - constants, variables and
keywords. Types of C constants and variables. C instruction-Type Declaration Instruction;
Arithmetic Instruction, Integer and Float conversion, Type conversion in Assignment. Control
instructions.
The Decision Control Structure-if statement; Multiple Statements within if, if-else statement;
Nested if else; Forms of if. Use of Logical operators. The Loop Control Structure-while loop, for
loop; Odd loop; Break Statement; Continue Statement; do-while loop. Case control Structure-
Decisions using switch; go to statement. Function - use of functions; Pointers. Floats and
doubles. Storage classes in C. C Pre-processor - features-; - Arrays-Pointers and Arrays.
Structures; Array of Structure. Input / Output in C- Types of I/O; Console Input/ Output
functions. Disk I/O functions. I/O Redirection in DOS.
References:
1. Kanetkar Y: Let Us C
2. Chatterjee AX & Chatterjee T: Computer applications of mathematics and statistics
3. Xavier C: C language and numerical methods
4. Rajaraman V: Fundamentals of computers
5. Sarma K.V.S.: Statistics Made Simple-Do it yourself on PC

(302-B) Multivariate Analysis (25 marks)

Multivariate data – multiple regressions and partial regression coefficients, multiple

correlation and partial correlation – their properties and related results.

Random Vector: Probability mass and density functions, Distribution Function, Mean vector
and Dispersion matrix, Marginal and Conditional Distributions, Ellipsoid of Concentration,
Multiple Regression, Multiple Correlation, Partial Correlation in the cocept of probability
distribution.

Multivariate Distributions: Multinomial, Multivariate Normal distributions and their

properties.

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References:
1. Kendall M.G. & Stuart A. (1966): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 3), C.Griffin
2. Anderson T.W. (1958): An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 3rd edition,
Wiley interscience
3. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Volumes
1 & 2), World Press
4. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Introduction to Probability Theory & Math. Statistics, John
Wiley
5. 0Johnson, N.L. & Kotz S. (1970): Distributions in Statistics, John Wiley
6. Hogg R.V. & Craig A.T. (1978): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
7. Rao C.R. (1974): Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications, John Wiley
8. Mukhopadhyay P. (1996): Mathematical Statistics
9. Johnson R. A. and Wichern, W (2001): Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 5th
edition, Prentice Hall

(303-A) PRACTICAL based on paper 302-A (25 marks)

Programs:
1. Computing AM, GM, and HM of grouped and ungrouped data.
2. Sorting data set; finding minimum and maximum.
3. Computing median, the first and second quartiles.
4. Computing range, variance and quartile deviation.
5. Computing moments and quantiles of ungrouped and grouped data
6. Factorial of a positive integer.
7. Correlation Coefficient of ungrouped and grouped data.
8. Fitting a straight line or an exponential curve to a given data.
9. Fitting Binomial and Poisson distributions.
10. Transpose, addition and multiplication of matrices; finding inverses and determinants of
square (non-singular) matrices.
11. The Sweep-out and Pivotal Condensation methods.
12. Solutions of equations (Iteration, N-R, Bisection methods)
13. Interpolation by Lagrange’s formula
14. Numerical Integration (Simpson’s ⅓rd, Trapezoidal)
15. Generation of random sample from normal distribution

(303-B) PRACTICAL (25 marks)

Practical problem based on paper 301-A (Linear Algebra), 302-B (Multivariate Analysis).

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Semester-IV
(401-A) Sampling Distributions & Statistical Inference I (35 marks)

Sampling Distributions

Transformation of Random variables (one and more than one).

Introduction: Concepts of Random Sampling, Statistics and Sampling Distributions of Statistics

and its standard error. Illustrations using different distributions, reproductive properties of
the distributions.

Some Standard Sampling Distributions: Distributions of the mean and variance of a random
sample from a normal population. , t and F distributions-derivation and properties.
Distributions of means, variances and correlation coefficient (null case) of a random sample
from a bivariate normal population, distribution of the simple regression coefficient (for both
stochastic and non-stochastic independent variable cases).

Distributions of Order Statistics and Sample Range.

References:
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-1),
World Press
2. Johnson, N.I. & Kotz S. (1970): Distributions in Statistics, John Wiley

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3. Ross S.M. (1972): Introduction to Probability Models, Academic Press

4. Mood A.M., Graybill F. & Boes D.C. (1974): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics
(3rd ed), McGraw Hill
5. Rao C.R. (1952): Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research, John Wiley
6. Hogg R.V. & Craig A.T. (1978): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
7. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Introduction to Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics,
John Wiley
8. Stuart G & Ord J.K. (1991): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 2), Charles Griffin
9. Goon A. M., Gupta M. K.and Dasgupta B. (1997): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-1), World
Press
10. Bhattacharya GK & Johnson R. A. (1977): Concepts & Methods of Statistics, John Wiley
11. Mukhopadhyay P. (1996): Mathematical Statistics
12. Gupta SC & Kapoor VK: Fundamentals of mathematical statistics

Statistical Inference I

Idea of Inference – Parameter and parameter space; estimator, estimate, Point & Interval
Estimations and Testing of Hypothesis.

Point estimation: Sufficiency, Factorization Theorem (proof for discrete case only)
Distributions admitting sufficient statistic- Exponential Family, minimal sufficiency (concept
only).

Elements of Hypothesis Testing : Null and Alternative hypotheses, Simple and Composite
hypotheses, Critical Region, Type I and Type II Errors, Level of Significance and Size, p-value,
Power.

Tests of Significance related to a single Binomial proportion and Poisson parameter; two
independent Binomial proportions and two independent Poisson parameters; Test of
significance and associated confidence intervals for the mean and variance of a single
Univariate normal distribution, difference of means and ratio of variances of two independent
normal distributions and a single bivariate normal distribution; regression and correlation
coefficients of a single bivariate normal distribution,

References:
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-1),
World Press
2. Johnson, N.I. & Kotz S. (1970): Distributions in Statistics, John Wiley
3. Ross S.M. (1972): Introduction to Probability Models, Academic Press
4. Mood A.M., Graybill F. & Boes D.C. (1974): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics
(3rd ed), McGraw Hill
5. Rao C.R. (1952): Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research, John Wiley
6. Hogg R.V. & Craig A.T. (1978): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics

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7. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Introduction to Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics,

John Wiley
8. Stuart G & Ord J.K. (1991): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 2), Charles Griffin
9. Goon A. M., Gupta M. K. and Dasgupta B. (1997): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-1), World
Press
10. Bhattacharya GK & Johnson R. A. (1977): Concepts & Methods of Statistics, John Wiley

(401-B) Statistical Quality Control (15 marks)

Introduction: Concepts of Quality and Quality Control, Process Control and Product Control.

Process Control: Control Charts and their uses, chance and assignable causes of variation, state
of statistical control. Choice of rational subgroups and subgroup sizes, 3σ-limits and
probability limits. Construction of control charts by attributes (p, c, np) (including unequal
subgroup size) and variables (x-bar, R, S). Interpretation of non-random patterns of points,
modified control charts.

Product Control: Principles of acceptance sampling –acceptance-rejection and acceptance-

rectification plans, Concepts of Producer’s Risk, Consumer’s Risk, AQL, LTPD, OC, ASN, ATI,
AOQ and AOQL. Single and Double sampling plans by attributes, their OC, ASN ( and ATI ),
LTPD and AOQL. Determination of plan parameters.

Single sampling plan for inspection by variables (one-sided specification, known and unknown
standard cases), Use of IS plans and tables.

References:
1. Goon A. M., Gupta M. K., Dasgupta B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2), World
Press
2. Duncan A.J. (1953): Quality Control and Industrial Statistics, Richard D Irwin
3. Cowden D.J. (1957): Statistical Methods in Quality Control, Prentice Hall
4. Grant E.L. & Leavenworth (1964): Statistical Quality Control, McGraw Hill
5. Bowley A.H. & Goode H.P. (1952): Sampling Inspection by Variables, McGraw Hill
6. Ekambaram S. K. (1960): The Statistical Basis of Quality Cont. Charts, Asia Publishing
House
7. Montgomery D.C. (1985): Introduction to Statistical Quality control, John Wiley
8. IS2500 Part I and Part II
9. Bureau of Indian Standards (1994): Handbook on Statistical quality Control
10. Indian Standards Institution (1982): Manual on Basic Principles of Lot Sampling

(402-A) Large Sample Theory (15 marks)

Delta method, Derivation of large sample standard error of sample moments, standard
deviation, coefficient of variation, b1 and b2 measures, and correlation coefficient and their

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uses in large sample tests under normality assumption, Large sample distribution of sample
quantile.

Transformations of Statistics to stabilize variance: derivation and use of Sin -1, square root,
logarithmic and z-transformations.

Large sample tests and confidence intervals for binomial proportions, Poisson means, Normal
means (single and two independent samples cases) and correlation coefficients..

Large Sample distribution of Pearsonian Chi-square statistic and its uses. Yate’s correction in a
2 x 2 contingency table. Combination of probabilities.

Test of goodness of fit, homogeneity and independence based on Pearsonian chi-square.

References:
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-1 and
2), World Press
2. Serfling R.J. (1980): Approximation Theory of Mathematical Statistics, John Wiley
3. Chandra T.K. (1999): A First Course in Asymptotic Theory in Statistics, Narosa
4. Hogg R.V. & Craig A.T. (1978): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics

(402-B) Sample Survey Methods (35 Marks)

Introduction: Concepts of Finite Population and Sample, Need for Sampling, Complete
Enumeration and Sample Survey.

General Ideas: Planning and execution of sample surveys, analysis of data and reporting,
Biases and Errors. Judgment and probability sampling schemes. Tables of Random Numbers
and their uses in the context of drawing random samples from finite population and
probability distributions and simple tests of random numbers.

Simple Random Sampling with and without replacement, Determination of sample size in
simple random sampling.

Stratified random sampling with allocation problem, Associated unbiased estimators of

population total, mean, and proportion, their variances and unbiased variance estimators.

Ratio and Regression methods of estimation in simple random sampling.

Linear and Circular Systematic Sampling.

PPS sampling (WR and WOR)-cumulative total and Lahiri’s method.

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Cluster sampling, two -stage (with equal-sized first stage units) sampling with equal selection
probabilities at each stage. Associated unbiased estimators of population total, mean, and
proportion, their variances and unbiased variance estimators. Optimum choice of sampling
and sub-sampling fractions in two-stage sampling, Interpenetrating sub-sampling technique
for unbiased variance estimation in systematic sampling.

Double sampling for ratio and regression estimators.

Randomized Response Technique- Warner’s model.

References:
1. Goon A. M. ,Gupta M. K., Dasgupta B.(2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2),World
Press
2. Murthy M.N. (1977): Sampling Theory and Methods, Statistical Pub. Soc., Calcutta
3. Des Raj & Chandhok P.(1998): Sample Survey Theory, Narosa Publishing House
4. Cochran W.G. (1984): Sampling Techniques (3rd edition), Wiley Eastern
5. Mukhopadhyay P. (1998): Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling, Prentice Hall
6. Sukhatme P.V. & Sukhatme B.V. (1970): Sampling Theory of Surveys with, Asia
Publishing House
7. Sampath S. (2001): Sampling Theory and Methods, Narosa
8. NSSO Publications
9. CSO Publications

406 PRACTICAL (50 marks)

Practical problem based on paper 401-A (Statistical Inference-I), 401-B (Statistical

Quality Control), 402-A (Large Sample Theory), 402-B (Sample Survey Methods).

Semester – V
(501-A) Statistical Inference II (25 marks)

Point Estimation: Requirements of a good estimator – notions of mean Square Error,

Unbiasedness: Minimum Variance Uunbiasedness and Best Linear Unbisedness, Properties of
minimum variance unbiased estimators, consistent estimators, efficiency and asymptotic
efficiency, Completeness and Exponential Family of Distributions, Cramer-Rao lower bound,
Rao-Blackwell Theorem, Lehman-Scheffe Theorem.

Methods of Estimation–Moment, Least-square, Maximum Likelihood and their properties

(excluding proofs of large sample properties), & Minimum chi-square methods.

Theory of Hypothesis Testing: Most Powerful (MP), Uniformly Most Powerful (UMP) and
Uniformly Most Powerful Unbiased (UMPU) tests, consistency of tests. Neyman-Pearson
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Fundamental Lemma (sufficiency part only), and its use in the construction of MP, UMP, UMPU
(Type-A and Type-A1) tests (for single parameter under normal setup). Randomized and
Nonrandomized tests. Similar regions and corresponding test. Combination of probabilities in
tests of significance.

References :
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-2),
World Press
2. Mood A.M., Graybill F. & Boes D.C. (1974): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics
(3rd ed), McGraw Hill
3. Rao C.R. (1952): Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research, John Wiley
4. Hogg R.V. & Craig A.T. (1978): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
5. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Introduction to Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics,
John Wiley
6. Stuart G & Ord J.K. (1991): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 2), Charles Griffin
7. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-1),
World Press
8. Johnson, N.I. & Kotz S. (1970): Distributions in Statistics, John Wiley
9. Ross S.M. (1972): Introduction to Probability Models, Academic Press

(501-B) Linear model and Designs of Experiments I (25 marks)

Introduction: Heterogeneity and Analysis of Variance and Covariance, Gauss Markov linear
model and statement of Gauss Markov theorem (without proof). Linear Hypothesis, sum of
squares due to linear functions of observations, F-test for linear hypothesis (without proof).
Orthogonal splitting of total variation, Selection of Valid Error, Estimability, estimation space
and error space, BLUE. Statement of Fisher-Cochran theorem (without proof).

Applications of the ANOVA technique to: one-way classified data, two-way classified data with
equal number of observations per cell under fixed effect model, testing simple regression
coefficients and correlation coefficients and quadratic regression, tests for parallelism and
identity, correlation ratio, linearity of simple regression, multiple correlation and partial
correlation coefficients.

Design of experiments: need for designing of experiments. Terminology used in design of

experiments. Principles of experimental design: Randomization, Replication and Local Control,
Uniformity trials, Shapes and Sizes of Plots and Blocks.

Standard Designs and their Analyses: Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized
Block Design (RBD), Latin Square Design (LSD)-their relative advantages and disadvantages,

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comparison of efficiencies. Applications of the techniques of ANOVA to the analysis of the

above designs.

References:
1. Goon A. M. ,Gupta M. K., Dasgupta B.(2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2),World
Press .
2. Scheffe H. (1959): The Analysis of Variance, John Wiley8. Kempthorne O. (1965): The
Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley Eastern
3. Das M.N. & Giri N.C. (1986) : Design and Analysis of Experiments. (2 nd edition), Wiley
Eastern
4. Montgomery D.C. (1976): Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley
5. Cochran W.G. & Cox G.M. (1957): Experimental Designs, John Wiley
6. Federer W.T. (1975): Experimental Designs – Theory and Application, Oxford & IBH
7. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics
8. Rao CR: Linear statistical Inference

502 PRACTICAL (50 marks)

Practical problem based on paper 501-A (Statistical Inference-II), 501-B (Linear model
and Designs of Experiments I).

503 PRACTICAL (50 marks)

Practical based on Statistical Computing (in Excel & R)

A. Using Spreadsheets:

1. Bar Chart, Column Chart, Pie Chart, Stem-and-Leaf displays; Box Plot.
2. Moments and Quantiles of univariate data
3. Scatter Plot, Correlation Coefficient and fitting a regression line, Residual Plot
4. Multivariate Correlation and Regression
5. Binomial and Poisson distributions with varying parameters
6. Tests of significance -Fisher's test, paired t-test, F -test for equality of variances, t-test
for correlation and regression coefficients
7. Line diagrams showing different types of time series data, determination of trend by
moving-averages and curve-fitting methods, plotting fitted values.
8. Exponential smoothing of time-series.

B. Using Software packages: R

1. Basic Statistics -Display Descriptive Statistics, Plot, TS plot, Chart, Histogram, Box plot,
Matrix plot, Stem-and-Leaf
2. Inference -One Sample z and t test, Two sample and paired t-test, One and two
proportions Test for one and two variances.
3. Bivariate data -Scatter plot, Regression, Residual Plots, Binary Logistic regression.
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1. Time Series - TS plots, Trend analysis, Moving averages, Simple exponential smoothing.
2. Design of Experiments and related problems.

Semester – VI
(601-A) Statistical Inference-III (30 marks)

Likelihood Ratio tests and its applications to tests for the equality of means and variances of
several normal populations.

SPRT for simple null against simple alternatives and its use in tests for binomial proportion
and normal mean, expressions of OC & ASN functions (without proof).

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Interval Estimation: Confidence intervals and confidence sets, Concepts of Uniformly Most
Accurate (UMA) and Uniformly Most Accurate Unbiased (UMAU) confidence sets, relationship
with tests of hypotheses. Confidence interval with shortest expected length.

Nonparametric Methods:

Distribution free approach vs. non-parametric approach. Emperical distribution function.

Test for location-one sample: Sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test (including bivariate case),
Median test.
Two sample: Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Median test, sign test.
Test for identifying two population: kolmogorov-smirnov test, wald-wolfowitz run test.
Test of Randomness: Run test.
Interval estimation: Distribution free Confidence limits and Tolerance limits. Confidence limits
for Quantiles & distribution function, Tolerance limits for a continuous distribution. CL for
quantile based on Sign test statistic,.

References :
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-2),
World Press
2. Mood A.M., Graybill F. & Boes D.C. (1974): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics
(3rd ed), McGraw Hill
3. Rao C.R. (1952): Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research, John Wiley
4. Hogg R.V. & Craig A.T. (1978): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
5. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Introduction to Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics,
John Wiley
6. Stuart G & Ord J.K. (1991): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 2), Charles Griffin

(601-B) Design of Experiments II (20 marks)

Checking of model assumptions: use of residual plot and its application to CRD. Multiple
comparisons.

Split Plot Design and Strip arrangements. Groups of Experiments using RBD and LSD.

Factorial Experiments: 2n experiments. Advantages, Total, Partial and balancing Confounding,

Analysis. Fractional factorial designs an balancing in factorial design.

Missing Plot Technique: Analysis with one missing plot in a RBD and in a LSD.

Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA): Application of the ANCOVA technique to one-way classified

data and to two-way classified data with equal number of observations per cell, use in the
control of error in CRD, RBD & LSD.

References:
1. Kempthorne O. (1965): The Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley Eastern
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2. Das M.N. & Giri N.C. (1986) : Design and Analysis of Experiments. (2ndedition), Wiley
Eastern
3. Montgomery D.C. (1976): Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley
4. Cochran W.G. & Cox G.M. (1957): Experimental Designs, John Wiley
5. Federer W.T. (1975): Experimental Designs – Theory and Application, Oxford & IBH
6. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics
7. Goon A. M. ,Gupta M. K., Dasgupta B.(2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2),World
Press

(602-A) PRACTICAL (25 marks)

Practical problem based on Sample Survey Methods-II (module-601), Designs of

Experiments II (module-602).

(602-B) Project work (using computer software) (25marks)

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