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Sector Planning

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SECTOR PLANNING

LAND USE PLANNING

4 TH Y E A R , B . A R C H L E C T U R E

AR. MEGHA VASHISHTHA


Land use planning
• It is that part of city planning that deals with type, location, intensity and
amount of land development required for various functions of the city

• land use planning is used to provide an idea or proposition of how land


should be used as towns and cities development

• The result of this planning is a land use map or plan. The land on the map is
colored according to nature of use.

Land use classification


• Residential uses
• Commercial (trade) uses
• Educational uses
• Recreational uses
• Governmental and Administrative uses
• Health and welfare uses
• Religious and cultural uses
• Assembly uses
• Transportation uses
• Burial grounds
• Utilities and Municipal service facilities
Processes in city development
• Concentration: Differential distribution of population and economic
activities in the city and the manner in which they are focused on the city
centre
• Decentralization: Activity is located away from the centre of the city
• Segregation: Population is distributed into groups according to conscious
preferences in associations. Land use is also segregated. Segregation can be
voluntary or involuntary.
• Specialization: Similar to segregation but applies to activities in the
economic sector.
• Invasion: A process through which a new activity or social group enters into
an area
• Succession: The process of invasion culminates into this process. The new
activity or social group replaces the activity or social group that formerly
occupied the area.

Land use models


• Mono-centric or concentric model
• Sector model
• Mutliple nuclei model
• Hybrid model
Mono-centric or concentric model
• Created by E.W. Burgess in 1925
• Assumes that transportation networks are radial.
• Based on the idea that land values are highest in the centre of a town or
city.
• Distinguishes four uses: Residential, Retail, Industrial and transportation.
• Central business district (CBD) forms the centre of the city or town while
other land uses appear in concentric circles around the CBD.
• Distance away from CBD is important
Sector (hoyt) model
• Created by homer hoyt
• CBD forms centre around which all other land uses are clustered.
• Factories and industries are located along transportation routes
• Direction with respect to CBD is important
• High income households are located on higher ground or along an
environmental amenity
• Low income households located in low lying areas and industry basins.
Transportation costs to jobs minimized for poor households.
• Particular land uses grow radially outwards from City centre.
Multiple Nuclei model
• Developed by two geographers: C.D. Harris & E.L. Ullman in 1945
• Basic concept: cities don’t grow up around a single core but have several
nodes
• Decentralization of CBD is present
• Recognizes that different activities have different accessibility requirements.
• Specialized cells of activity would develop according to the specific
requirements of certain activities
Hybrid Model
• This model recognizes that urban areas are a combination of the distinctive
features found in the sector, concentric and multiple nuclei model.

• Some land uses are aligned to major transport axis while other are
concentrated in nuclei.
SECTOR MODEL
Homer Hoyt (1895–1984) was a land economist, a real estate appraiser, and a
real estate consultant.
Sector Plan
A Sector Plan is a long-range plan for a specific geographic area of at least
15,000 acres in one or more local governmental jurisdictions. Local
governments—or combinations of local governments—may adopt Sector
Plans into their Comprehensive Plans.
• According to this model most major cities
evolved around the nexus of several
important transport facilities such as
railroads, sea ports, and trolly lines that
eminated from the city's center.
• It is a monocentric representation of
urban areas
• He posited a CBD around which other
land uses cluster
• But important factor is not distance from
CBD as in the concentric
• zone model, but direction away from CBD
• As growth occurs, similar activities stay in
the same area and extend outwards
Industry
• Industry follows rivers, canals, railroads, or roads
• Lower class workers work here. Paid little, bad
working conditions.
• Produces goods or other domestic products for
city
Low Class Residential
• Low income housing
• Near railroads that feed factories or
• Inhabitants tend to work in factories
• Live near industry to reduce transportation costs
• Pollution or poor environmental conditions due to
industry (traffic, noise and pollution make it cheap)
Middle Class Residential
• More desirable area because it is further from
industry and pollution
• Access to transportation lines for working people
who work in the CBD, making transport easier
• Largest residential area
High Class Residential
• Housing on outermost edge
• Furthest away from industry, Quiet, clean, less
traffic
• Corridor or spine extending from CBD to edge has
best housing.
A SECTOR PLAN IS INTENDED TO:
• Promote and encourage long-term planning (50 years) for future land uses
to meet conservation, economic development and agricultural needs

• Emphasize regionally significant resources, such as water and wildlife, and


public facilities
WHAT IS A LONG-TERM MASTER PLAN (LTMP)?
A Long-Term Master Plan is a vision document that is reviewed by the state
and approved by the local jurisdiction. A LTMP includes maps, illustrations and
text supported by data and analyses.

THE LTMP:
Features a framework map that generally depicts areas of conservation,
employment-oriented mixed use, agricultural and rural land uses and specifies
the allowable uses and limits within the four main land use categories

Generally identifies water supplies, transportation facilities and regionally


significant public facilities that will be needed
Provides general principles and guidelines that describe the type of future land
uses that will occur. These guidelines and principles include:

» Supporting job creation


» Protecting land identified for permanent conservation
» Creating quality communities that promote travel by car, transit, bicycling
and walking
» Limiting urban sprawl
» Providing a diversity of housing types
WHAT ARE DETAILED SPECIFIC AREA PLANS (DSAP)?
A DSAP is prepared for an area of at least 1,000 acres. It includes detailed
analyses and policies and identifies the capital improvements needed for
future land uses.
THE DSAP:
» Must be consistent with the Long-Term Master Plan
» Can exceed the planning period for the Comprehensive Plan

Identifies:
» Jobs and economic development activities
» How the land uses are distributed
» Water resource projects and conservation measures
» Transportation facilities and multi-modal transportation opportunities
» Public facilities, both regional and project-specific
» Housing diversity
» Potential impacts as they relate to the surrounding communities
Ecological Land use model

The post-industrial city Industrial city 1945-1975 Classic industrial city 1850s

Konx and Pinch 2000 – Urban Social Geography


GANDHI NAGAR
FORMATION /EVOLUTION OF CITY
• Gandhinagar got an identity of its own when the state of Mumbai was
divided into two separate states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. After
Independence, the territories in India were divided based on linguistic lines
and former Bombay state was divided into two states, Gujarat and
Maharashtra.

In the beginning, Ahmedabad - a commercial hub of Gujarat was


chosen as the state capital and it was proposed that a new capital
should be constructed along the line of other new state capitals,
particularly Chandigarh. Therefore two well-known Indian
architects, H.K. Mewada and Prakash M. Apte.
designed the new state capital Named after Mahatma Gandhi the
foundation stone of this city was laid on 1965 and in 1971 the capital was
shifted from Ahmedabad to Gandhinagar.
Gandhinagar is spread over an area of 205 sq. km.

CLIMATE CONDITIONS
• Gandhinagar has a tropical wet and dry climate with three main
seasons: summer, monsoon and winter.
• The climate is generally dry and hot outside of the monsoon season
vidhansabha
URBAN DESIGN
ROUTES OF MOVEMENT

• Gandhinagar's streets are numbered,


and have cross streets named for
letters of theGujarati alphabet
• "k“
• "kh",
• "g",
• "gh",
• "ch",
• "chh",
• "j")
• All streets cross every kilometre, and
at every crossing traffic circles
decrease the speed of traffic
ACTIVITY PATTERN
• THE MAJOR ACTIVITY PATTERN OF THE DISTRICT IS
• Work areas
• City centre
• Shopping, commercial, and warehousing area
• Residential areas
• Recreation area
• Sports centre

GROWTH PATTERN
• The developtment of city
first started near the
capital complex which is
suitated in the centre
• Villages around the site
developed as the
residential nodes with
rapid transit to CAPITOL
COMPLEX at the centre.
• The city has been planned in GRID IRON METHOD
• It is a highly structured city and has orderes street grid patterns.
• It was built by taking inspiration from CHANDIGARH, BHUBANESHWAR.
• The major factor which creates traffic problems in our country is the mixture
of slow and fast. Complete segregation of the two is achieved by a traffic
system ensuring relatively safer and swifter passage for both.

• the system consists of a grid (1 km. x 0.75 km.) of motor roads and another
grid (1 km. x 0.75 km.) of cycle pedestrian ways superimposed on each other
so that each residential community is served by motor roads on the periphery
and cycle ways within it.

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