LSK2

Pānini Sutras
Study Guide to Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi

Part 2 – AjantapumlingaH to
AjantanapumsakaH
Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti
E-Published by:
Arsha Avinash Foundation

104 Third Street, Tatabad, Coimbatore 641012, India
Phone: + 91 9487373635
E mail: arshaavinash@gmail.com
www.arshaavinash.in
The Study Guide
to
Pā ini-Sūtra
through
Laghusiddhāntakaumudī
Part 2
"! #$%& ~ ! *"#$%&
( )
Medhā Michika
AVG Anaikkatti, 2016
Copyright © 2016 by Medhā Michika
All rights reserved.
The contents of this work may not in any shape or form be reproduced
without permission of Medhā Michika.
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by Śrī Pūjya Svamī Dayānanda Sarasvatī.
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
0 12 3"#$41 "5 6$%& ....................................................................................................................... 1

-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9%< .................................................................................................................. 9
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>? ................................................................................................ 45
Overview of sūtras regarding )>?(%< in )FGH< ......................................................................... 55
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #2 >F ? etc. 9 ....................................................................................... 56
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #3 L0< etc. 6, #4 (<4 ......................................................................... 62
Summary of declensions of )>?(%< ............................................................................................. 66
-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "( 9? .............................................................................................................. 67
O-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) ">P % ........................................................................................................... 71
O-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Q%Q% .............................................................................................................. 81
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) Q"9 ................................................................................................................. 82
Summary of declension of "T-)!U*-L%"V "W*.............................................................................. 90
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )"Y ................................................................................................................ 92
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V ............................................................................................................... 106
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) *"V .............................................................................................................. 108
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) "G ................................................................................................................. 117
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) "Z ................................................................................................................. 119
Summary of [*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.......................................................... 122
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) ` ............................................................................................................... 123
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) abc4d)` ........................................................................................................ 126
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V#e`....................................................................................................... 135
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) Lf` ............................................................................................................... 137
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) (` ................................................................................................................. 144
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) )c`, d>H` .................................................................................................... 146
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (7) \^f` ............................................................................................................ 148
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (8) )f` .............................................................................................................. 151
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (9) )Y`, )V` ...................................................................................................... 153
i
Study Guide to Pā ini Sūtra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
h-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) \i ............................................................................................................. 155

h-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Hjk .............................................................................................................. 156
Summary of l*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W` ........................................................ 167
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) mm............................................................................................................... 168
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) "Vn<F ........................................................................................................ 169
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) Y# F ........................................................................................................... 171
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) opF ............................................................................................................. 174
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) >1%?p.F ........................................................................................................... 176
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) qrF ............................................................................................................. 178
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) f%Vt ............................................................................................................. 179
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) " Vt.............................................................................................................. 182
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) (t................................................................................................................. 184
u-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) vj............................................................................................................... 186
w-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9x .................................................................................................................. 189
y-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) z#_ ............................................................................................................. 191
0% {G`"#$%& ................................................................................................................................ 192
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9<% .......................................................................................................... 192
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>%?.......................................................................................... 199
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #2 h|9 >F %?.................................................................................... 202
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #3 "ZV`d% ...................................................................................... 204
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) }% ........................................................................................................ 205
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) 9% .......................................................................................................... 206
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (5) vj % ......................................................................................................... 207
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) <"V ............................................................................................................ 208
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) "G .............................................................................................................. 215
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) "Z .............................................................................................................. 219
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) v_9` ........................................................................................................... 220
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) #e` .......................................................................................................... 222
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) {G` ............................................................................................................ 223
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) c`.............................................................................................................. 228
ii
Table of Contents
h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) f4( ............................................................................................................ 234

h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) Hjk ........................................................................................................... 235
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) >fF............................................................................................................ 237
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) ~F ............................................................................................................. 238
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) odiF ...................................................................................................... 239
s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) o)t.......................................................................................................... 240
s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) <%Vt .......................................................................................................... 242
u-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) •j ........................................................................................................... 243
w-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9x ............................................................................................................... 244
y-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) (_ ............................................................................................................ 245
0% ! *"#$%& ............................................................................................................................ 246
( )
! *"#$& (1) U%( ...................................................................................................... 246
-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (2) *V9 ..................................................................................................... 255
-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) c` % .................................................................................................... 258
O-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) >%"9 ....................................................................................................... 259
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (2) W"f ........................................................................................................ 266
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (3) "Z .......................................................................................................... 270
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (4) "G .......................................................................................................... 271
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) )f` ....................................................................................................... 272
[-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) <f ........................................................................................................ 276
h-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) )€ ....................................................................................................... 277
l-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) f%Vt ...................................................................................................... 278
s-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) L•j ..................................................................................................... 281
u-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) L9x ......................................................................................................... 284
w-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) )(_ ..................................................................................................... 286
y-*%9% -( )
Index ............................................................................................................................................ 287
iii
Study Guide to Pā ini Sūtra through Laghusiddhāntakaumudī Series
Volume 1. )!U%L*9ƒ<, 3 )"„L*9ƒ< 3

Volume 2. 1"…$%& 1 \]%&
Volume 3. 1"…$%& 2 Q# \]%&
Volume 4. "V† L*9ƒ< 13 ‡%Wd&
Volume 5. "V† L*9ƒ< 23 W%Wd& ~ Qjˆ%Wd&
Volume 6. "V† L*9ƒ< 33 "W>%Wd& ~ ‰%Wd&
Volume 7. "V† L*9ƒ< 43 n9%Wd& ~ #*%9%0L? "Hd%& with complete )(%"WLˆd)FG%"ƒ
Volume 8. *t W L*9ƒ< 3
Volume 9. 3
">p‹0L? *9ƒ< with complete *%9*-">p"Œ)FG%"ƒ
Volume 10. )<%)L*9ƒ< 3
Volume 11. V"^VL*9ƒ< 3
Volume 12. •`Lˆd%& ~ "#$%(\%)(< 3
Abbreviations:
AK – ’d*j\& Avyaya Kośa, a dictionary of indeclinables – Sri V. Srivatsankacharya – Samskrit
Education Society
Bh1 – p x<`’%–% L0< p%v – p`<)4( \%{G`
SK – ")^% *_<W`
B – a%#<(j9<%
iv
"5 6$%& . .5
0 12 3"#$41 "5 6$%&
Now, among the six "#$s, the masculine words ending with vowel will be discussed.
n3 4 d41%! V4 3
%& \]%&, <%( "#$& d41%! V4 "5 6$%&, %& n V4 "5 6$%& - "5 6$%& ˜
Declension of L%"V "W* is discussed by grouping them into 6 categories in the

following manner:
1. - "5 6$%&
2. -{G`$%&
3. ! *"#$%&
-( )
4. Q# - "5 6$%&
5. Q# -{G`$%&
6. ! *"#$%&
Q# -( )
Under each category, L%"V "W*s are declined one by one according to their last letter
in the order of <%Q4P9)FG%"ƒ.
1
The next two sūtras are the only sūtras which give L%"V "W*-)!U%.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.45 0 ?>Wf%V9Lˆd& L%"V "W*< ˜3

A group of letters, which is meaningful, which is neither f%V nor Lˆd, and which
does not end with Lˆd, is termed L%"V "W*.
0>? V 1/1
3 f%V& 1/1 Lˆd& 1/1 L%"V "W*< 1/1
3 ˜
4 words in the )FG, no (>t"| is required.

• 3
0>? V 1/1 – 0&? Ÿ " S"V 0>? V˜3 that which has meaning; adjective to \]o£ <; 3 this
is )!U`.1
• f%V& 1/1 – ( f%V& f%V&˜ not f%V; this is )!U`.
• Lˆd& 1/1 – ( Lˆd& Lˆd& ˜; there are two meanings – 1. not Lˆd&; 2. not that which
ends with Lˆd by the "9p%1% “Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ<”;3 this is )!U`.
• 3
L%"V "W*< 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] f%V< 2/1

3 Lˆd< 2/1
3 Lˆd% < 2/1
3 n 0 > "? d§% 0 0>? V 1/1
3 \]o£ < 1/1
3 L%"V "W*)!U< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3
˜
Excluding f%V, Lˆd, and Lˆd-ending word, the meaningful original form of word
(a group of letters) gains L%"V "W*)!U%.
This sūtra is applicable to ’¨©\]. ’¨"| ª refers to this sūtra to define L%"V "W*
without ’¨"|. For example, 9%< as W\90 G, *jW¬2Q , etc.
-. “)"®† <”3 S"V )FG 4 L0<< "("W¯

3 k< )3 a < )%f"dV
3 3
< L*9ƒ1°< 3
O9p<%ƒ& VG OW_ )"±f_ L%"V "W*Ÿ
3
Lf%(Vd% h²4\(4 V³!U%">f%d*)FG< OQ – 0>? "Wˆ%"W ˜
In order to make )a which was presented at the beginning in the sūtra 1.4.14
)"®† ! W<˜,3 the #T")^% *_<W`*%9, who is starting the group of six sections, at the
1
3 ">"QV W%W4 W Ÿ ¥Qƒ< ˜3 When Lˆd is mentioned, it should be understood
( ´) Lˆd¥Qƒ4 dµ%V )
as the one which starts from what is enjoined with Lˆd and ends with the Lˆd. (L*t "V and Lˆd
together.)
2
"5 6$%& . .5
3
beginning teaches 1.2.45 0>? V…˜, a sūtra which enjoins L%"V "W*-)!U%, because L%"V "W* is
predominantly an h²4\ (to which ) , 3 ">f4d, is given in )"±"f).
3
f(< >(< 3
Sˆ%W_ 3 U%->%9ƒ%d “ 0>? V”3 S"V ˜
L"V>ƒ?< )!
For not giving L%"V "W*-)!U% to each letter such as f, 3 , (, 3 etc., “ 0>? V”3 is told.
“ Q(”3 Sˆ%W_ (#j %"W-O "|->%9ƒ%d – f%V& S"V ˜
3
In order to avoid (#j from Q( (Q( 3 #†/
+ 3 *V?"9/III/1), “ f%V&” is told.
3
¹. Lˆd& S"V G Lˆd W< O>ˆ ?V4, VG º*& Lˆd 9& 9& n Lˆd% 9& Lˆd¥Qƒ "9p%1d% Lˆd\]%V 3
3
VW ">"f& V& OQ – Lˆd< Lˆd% 3 Sˆ%"W˜
<n
In “ Lˆd&”, the word Lˆd is repeated twice. One is conveying Lˆd itself, and the
other is conveying Lˆd% by "9p%1% “Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ<”.3
3
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3

3
That which ends with *t V-Lˆd or V"^VLˆd, and that which termed )<%), is termed
L%"V "W*.
1/3
3
*t V-V"^V-)<%)%& n 0 ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 1/1
3
2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|

• 3
*t V-V"^V-)<%)%& 3 V"^V& n )<%)%& n *t |"^V)<%)%& (ID)˜; by the "9p%1% “Lˆd¥Qƒ4
1/3 – *t V n
VW ¥Qƒ<”,3 the words which are *t W and V"^V% are understood; 3.1.93 *t W"V†˜3 , 4.1.76
3
V"^V%&˜, and 2.1.3 L%¼2%9%V )<%)&˜, they are all )!U%s; this is )!U`.
• n 0 – This brings L%"V "W*<. 3
• 3
L%"V "W*< 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] *t |"^V% _ 1/2 )<%)%& 1/3 n 0 V0% 0 Ÿ& III/3 ˜

3
Those which end with *t V-Lˆd and V"^V-Lˆd, and )<%)s are termed L%"V "W*.
By this sūtra, *t W and V"^V% get L%"V "W*-)!U% which was debarred by the word
“ Lˆd&” in the previous sūtra.
The word )<%) in this sūtra excludes >%½s from L%"V "W*-)!U% unless otherwise
termed )<%). In this sense, this word is "(d<. >%½ was not excluded in the previous sūtra,
and now )<%) is told which can be redundant. In such case, ")^4 )"V O9i& "(d<%d˜, it is
understood as restriction.
Note:
¾n, 3 * , 3 etc. )<%)% -V"^VLˆd-ending )<%) is considered to be V"^V% . [p x 1-162]
)<%) is for the >%½. This is not considered to be Lˆd% because there is no suffix to
3 ">"QV W%W4 W Ÿ ¥Qƒ< ˜“
9%< + ¿V yet. The "9p%1% “Lˆd¥Qƒ4 dµ%V ) 3 makes it clear.
4
"5 6$%& . .5
3
The next sūtra enjoins 21 ) -Lˆds after L%"V "W*.
[">"f)FG<]3 4.1.2 o_ )<_Àk%Á%"i{†4 Á%Â{†")5Á%Â{†)j)%!ÃjÄ ˜3 ~

3
Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
)-5 y- )-3 <-y¾
3 3
3-\)-¾%-Á%< 3 -†4
-"p) 3 -Á%<-Á)
3 3
-†")5 3
-Á%<-Á) 3 -u)
-†) 3 3
-O< 3
-"†-u) 3 1/1
-) 3 ˜ ~ Ã% -3
L%"V "W*%V 5/1

3 9& 1/1 n 0 Lˆd& 1/1
1 word in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|
• )-5 y- )-3 <-y¾
3 3
3-\)-¾%-Á%< 3 -†4
-"p) 3 -Á%<-Á)
3 3
-†")5 3
-Á%<-Á) 3 -u)
-†) 3 3
-O< 3
-"†-u) 3 1/1
-) 3 –
(SD).
• 3
Ã% -L%"V "W*%V 3 5/1 – After {G`Lˆds †` (†` , 3 †`1, 3 †`(),3 O (¾%
3 , 3 2% , 3 n% ),3 and L%"V "W*
(SD); from "f*%9-)FG 4.1.1; in "Wzdjv4 Æ<`.
• Lˆd& 1/1 – From "f*%9-)FG 3.1.1; this is )!U%.
• 9& 1/1 – From "f*%9-)FG 3.1.2; “after” which is connected with "Wzdjv4 Æ<`.
• n 0 – Connecting two words.
3 L0<% ˜ < y¾
[LSK] ) y ) S"V 3 3 "ZV`d% ˜ ¾% Á%< "p)
3 \) S"V 3 3 VtV`d% ˜ †4 Á%< Á)
S"V 3 3 nV0Ç˜
S"V
3
†")5 Á%< Á) 3
S"V 3
Æ<` ˜ †) u) 3
O< 3 1È` ˜ "† u) )
S"V 3 S"V
3 )®<` É
Pā ini did not define L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc., terms. Hence #T")^% W_<W`*%9 gives those
terms to each triplet of ) . 3
L0<% is an ordinal number first. It is in feminine because it qualifies a feminine word
3
">p"Œ, division. Thus, L0<% (">p"Œ) means “first division (of ) -Lˆds)”. The same idea is
applied to "ZV`d% (second), VtV`d% (third) and so on.
5
[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3
4.1.1 Ã% -L%"V "W*%V ˜3
From here onward, until the end of 5th chapter, Lˆds are enjoined after †`, O , 3 and
L%"V "W*.
3
†`-O -L%"V "W*%V 5/1
3 ˜ ~ 9& 1/1 n 0 Lˆd& 1/1
1 word in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|

• 3
†`-O -L%"V "W*%V 3 5/1 – After {G`Lˆds †` (†` , 3 †`1, 3 †`(),3 O (¾%
3 , 3 2% , 3 n% ),3 and L%"V "W*
(SD); in "Wzdjv4 Æ<`.
This sūtra governs the entire 4th and 5th chapter, in which ) -Lˆd,
3 {G`Lˆd, and
V"^VLˆd are taught.
The significance of “†`-O ”3 is not “after †`-O , 3 ) -Lˆd

3 should be suffixed”. "9p%1%
3 tells that after suffixing {G`Lˆd, the word is treated as
“L%"V "W*¥Qƒ4 "#$">"\kŸ%" ¥Qƒ<˜“
L%"V "W*. Because this "9p%1% eliminates the necessity of “†`-O ”3 before “L%"V "W*%V”,3 and
3
also there are other {G`Lˆds such as l† 3 are not mentioned, this is not for ) -Lˆd. The
significance of “†`-O ”3 is “when †` or O , 3 and V"^V-Lˆd are applicable to a given L%"V "W*
at the same time, only after †` or O , 3 V"^V-Lˆd should be suffixed.”
6
"5 6$%& . .5
[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3.1.1 Lˆd& ˜

From here onward, until the end of 5th chapter, that which is told in the 1st case is
termed Lˆd.
Lˆd& 1/1˜
1 word in the )FG
• Lˆd& 1/1 – This is )!U%; as an "f*%9, this word is read with other sūtras, and words in
)<%(%"f*9ƒ, in 1st case, are termed Lˆd.
This sūtra governs the entire 3rd, 4th and 5th chapter, in which )(%"WLˆd, *t V-Lˆd,
3
3
"V†-3 Lˆd, ) -Lˆd, {G`Lˆd, and V"^VLˆd are taught.
[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3.1.2 9» ˜
And it (Lˆd) is after.
9& 1/1 n 0 ˜
2 words in the )FG
• 9& 1/1 – “After”; where Lˆd should be affixed is told; by this sūtra, Lˆds are
understood as suffix.
• n 0 – Connecting to the previous sūtra.
[LSK] S"V 0 "f*t ˆ 0 ˜ Ã% %V 5/1

3 Oa %V 5/1
3 L%"V "W*%V 5/1
3 n 0 94 7/1 )-OWd& 1/3 Lˆd%& 1/3 Ÿ& III/3
É
3
Having made the topic as thus, after †`-ending word, O -ending word, and L%"V "W*,
) 5 etc., are the suffixes.
7
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.103 ) & ˜ ~ G`"ƒ G`"ƒ º*\& º*>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(

) & 6/1 ˜ ~ G`"ƒ 1/3 G`"ƒ 1/3 º*\& 0 º*>n(-"Z>n(-ab>n(%"( 1/3
• ) & 6/1 – Of ) ; 3 )}„4 1È`.
• G`"ƒ 1/3 – L%"V "W* is "G; three.
• G`"ƒ 1/3 – "ZË"Œ& (repetition) indicates to cover all.
• 3 5.4.43 )Ì x*>n(%Í >`Î%d%<˜;3 º*x *<, 3 every one.
º*\& 0 – º* + \) by
• º*>n(-"Z>n(-ab>n(%"( 1/3 – These are )!U%s; º*>n(! n "Z>n(! n ab>n(! n º*>n(-"Z>n(-
ab>n(%"( (ID)˜.
[LSK] ) & 6/1 G`"ƒ 1/3 G`"ƒ 1/3 >n(%"( 1/3 º*\& 0 º*>n(-"Z>n(-ab>n(-)!U%"( 1/3 Ÿ& III/3 É
3
Each triplet of ) -Lˆd, each Lˆd is termed º*>n(, "Z>n(, and ab>n( respectively.
With these two sets of )!U%s, namely seven ">p"Œ, divisions (L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc.,) and
3
three >n(s, numbers (º*>n(, "Z>n(, etc.,) all the 21 ) -Lˆds are termed uniquely.
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
L0<% )5 y )3
"ZV`d% <3 y¾ 3 \) 3
VtV`d% ¾% Á%< 3 "p) 3
nV0Ç †4 Á%< 3 Á) 3
Æ<` †")5 Á%< 3 Á) 3
1È` †) 3 u) 3 O< 3
)®<` "† u) 3 ) 3
8
"5 6$%& . .5
-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9%<
3
After defining L%"V "W* and ) -Lˆd, declension starts.
The first group is -ending masculine words. In #T")^% *_<W`, three types of -
ending masculine L%"V "W* are declined. They are:
1. Plain -ending, like 9%<.
2. -ending )>?(%<. There are further divisions in this category.
3. "( 9? -\]. There is a sūtra particularly for declining this word.
Before declining L%"V "W*, ’¨"| of the word can be studied to see how the word
3 TÏ, 3 which does not have any particular sūtra for
should be declined. 9%< is made of 9< +
declension.
3
9< H`2%d%< 3 TÏ 3
+ 3 ƒ
3.3.121 Q#» ˜ ~ TÏ 3 "5 ) )!U%d%< L%d4
3
9%< + 7.2.116 V h f%d%& ˜ ~ >t"^&
9%< 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
Now, there is a ">>ª%, desire to tell, 9%< in first case singular.

The case is decided by ">p"Œ section in the 2nd Ð%d 3rd %W, which should be studied
separately.
To express singularity and duality, the next ">"f)FG enjoins º*>n( and "Z>n(-)!U*
Lˆd.
9
3
) -Lˆds and "V†-3 Lˆds are divided and termed º*>n(, "Z>n(, and ab>n( by 1.4.102
V%Ñ4*>n("Z>n(ab>n(%&˜.
The next sūtra teaches that Lˆds termed º*>n( and "Z>n( have to be used when
dual and singular are meant, respectively.
[">"f)FG<]3 1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n(4 ˜

"Z-º*dj& 7/2 "Z>n(-º*>n( 4 1/2 ˜
2 words in the )FG
• "Z-º*dj& 7/2 – Z_ n º*& n Ò4*_ (ID), Vdj&˜; in ">1d)®<`.
• "Z>n(-º*>n( 4 1/2 – º*>n(! n "Z>n(! n "Z>n(-º*>n( 4 (ID)˜.
[LSK] "Z§-º*§dj& 7/2 ºV4 1/2 & III/2 É

3
In the sense of two-ness and oneness, these two ("Z>n( and º*>n(-)!U*-) -Lˆd)
should be suffixed.
3
Since the ">>ª% is singular, this sūtra decides that, out of the 21 ) -Óˆds,
º*>n()!U*-Lˆds, i.e., ),5 <, 3 ¾%, †4 , †")5, †), 3 "† are to be used.
3
Out of the seven ) -Lˆds, which ">p"Œ is used (L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc.,) is decided by
another study. Now, L0<% is taken in the example.
9%< + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.103 ) &˜ ~ G`"ƒ G`"ƒ º*\& º*>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(
1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜
9%< + ) 3 1.3.2 h W4\Ô4 ((%")* SV ˜3 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )"®† ! W< ˜3
9%< Ë5 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 :˜ ~ WŸ
9%< 9 3 1.3.2 h W4\Ô4 ((%")* SV ˜3 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
To apply 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜, >)%(-)!U% is required. The next sūtra defines
>)%(-)!U%.
10
"5 6$%& . .5
The next sūtra gives >)%(-)!U% to the absence of letters.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.110 ">9%<jÔ>)%(<˜3

">9%<& 1/1 >)%(< 1/1
3 ˜
2 words in the )FG

• 3 ">9%<&˜; in which there is cessation is called
">9%<& 1/1 – This is )!U`; ">9ÕV4 "µ( S"V
">9%<&; absence of letter.
• 3
>)%(< 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] >ƒ%?(%< 6/3

3 p%>& 1/1 >)%()!U& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 É
The absence of letters is termed >)%(.
[LSK] Ë5 §-">)vÖ 1/2 ˜ 9%<& 1/1É

Ë5 § by 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 :˜ and ">)v? by 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜, the form 9%<& is
accomplished.
9%< + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.103 ) &˜ ~ G`"ƒ G`"ƒ º*\& º*>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(
1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜
9%< + ) 3 1.3.2 h W4\Ô4 ((%")* SV ˜3 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )"®† ! W< ˜3
9%< Ë5 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 :˜ ~ WŸ
9%< 9 3 1.3.2 h W4\Ô4 ((%")* SV ˜3 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
>)%(-)!U% 1.4.110 ">9%<jÔ>)%(< ˜3
9%<& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
11
Now, the ">>ª% is “two Rāmas”, or 9%< and 9%<. The next sūtra tells that the L%"V "W*
should be said only once.
[">"f)FG<]3 1.2.64 )£ %ƒ%<4*\41 º*">pŒ_ ˜ ~ º>

)£ %ƒ%< 6/3
3 º*\41& 1/1 º*">pŒ_ 7/1 ˜ ~ º> 0

• 3
)£ %ƒ%< 6/3 – )<%(! £ ! d41%! V4 (116B) V41%<˜;3 that which have the same form; "(f%?9ƒ4 1È`
(among …).
• º*\41& 1/1 – "\ØV4 S"V \41&˜ *<?"ƒ TÏ˜;3 º*& n )_ \41& n º*\41& (KT)˜
• º*">pŒ_ 7/1 – º*% n )_ ">p"Œ& n º*">p"Œ& (KT), VŸ%<˜;3 in 9)®<`.
• º> 0 – From 1.2.65 >t^_ dF(% V6ªƒ»4W>4 ">\41&˜, by L"V#j<%(*1?ƒ.
To begin with, the simple meaning can be understood first by 0 ? of L0<%>t"|&.

[LSK] )£ %ƒ%< 6/3
3 \]%(%< 6/3
3 º*">pŒ_ 7/1 9V& 0 º*\41& 1/1 p>"V III/1, 0%?V 03 º*& 1/1 "\ØV4 III/1, SV94
1/3
"(>?V ? 4 III/1 É
Among the L%"V "W*s which have the same form, when one (same) ">p"Œ is following,
one remains. That means, one remains and others will go.
For example, among the same L%"V "W*s, namely 9%<s, when one ">p"Œ is to be
suffixed, only one L%"V "W* remains. The two-ness, or many-ness is expressed by the ) -3
Lˆd, even after keeping only one L%"V "W*.
9%< + 9%< + L0<% (), y, ))3
9%< + L0<% 1.2.64 )£ %ƒ%<4*\41 º*">pŒ_ ˜
9%< + y 1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜
12
"5 6$%& . .5
#T")^% *_<W` gives more meaning:

For º*\41 to be applied, all the L%"V "W*s should decline in the same manner in every
">p"Œ.
[LSK] º*">pŒ_ 7/1 d%"( 1/3 )£ %"ƒ 1/3 º> 0 qk%"( 1/3 V41%< 6/3
3 º*& 1/1 º> 0 "\ØV4 III/1 É
When each one ">p"Œ follows, those L%"V "W*s, whose forms are the same, are seen,
among them, only one form remains.
This meaning covers a certain situation: two L%"V "W*s which are in the same form as
L%"V "W*, but decline differently in some places.
For example, there are two L%"V "W*s “<%Vt”: one is mother and the other is one which
measures. Because of the difference in ’¨"|, derivation, they decline differently in L0<%
and "ZV`d%, but in the same manner in VtV`d% to )®<`, as seen in the chart below.
These two <%Vts are not qualified for º*\41, since the declension should be in the
same manner in all ">p"Œs.
<%Vt (yƒ%"W*Vt &, ((`) <%Vt (<%† 3 <%( 4 + Vtn, 3 "9Ù4|%)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3 º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
L0<% <%V% <%V9_ <%V9& <%V% <%V%9_ <%V%9&
"ZV`d% <%V9< 3 <%V9_ <%VÚ& <%V%9< 3 <%V%9_ <%VÚ( 3
VtV`d% <%G% <%VtÁ%< 3 <%Vt"p& <%G% <%VtÁ%< 3 <%Vt"p&
nV0Ç <%G4 <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ& <%G4 <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ&
Æ<` <%V& <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ& <%V& <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ&
1È` <%V& <%Gj& <%VÚƒ%< 3 <%V& <%Gj& <%VÚƒ%< 3
)®<` <%V"9 <%Gj& <%Vt1 <%V"9 <%Gj& <%Vt1
)}jf(< 3 <%V& <%V9_ <%V9& <%V& <%V%9_ <%V%9&
As for two 9%<s, they decline in the same way in very ">p"Œ, thus º*\41 is applied.
9%< + y 3 "QV%d%< is
Here, 6.1.88 >t"^94"n ˜ ~ OV )! 3 L%®. The next sūtra is >%W for it.
13
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )

? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& W`T?& "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
? >ƒ?W`T ? takes place in 1st and 2nd case when * 3 is followed by n. 3
>F )
5 7
*3 n3 of L0<%/"ZV`d%
1
? >ƒ?W`T ?
>F )
L0<dj& 6/2 >F )

? >ƒ?& 1/1 ˜ ~ *& 5/1 W`T&? 1/1 "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 º*& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
2 words in the )FG, 6 words as (>t"|

• L0<dj& 6/2 – L0<% n L0<% n L0<4 (º*\41&), Vdj&˜; first two ">p"Œs, namely L0<% and "ZV`d%
are intended; in )}„4 1È` to "n ˜
• ? >ƒ?& 1/1 – >F Ÿ
>F ) ? )>ƒ?& >F )
? >ƒ?& (6T)˜; adjective to W`T&? .
• *& 5/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& *;3 simple vowels; in >F ? Æ<`.
• W`T&? 1/1 – This is OW4\; with the adjective >F )
? >ƒ?& and º*&, the meaning is: one long
vowel which is similar to the >F ? ( *)3 .
• "n 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& n; 3 all vowels; in 9)®<`; with L0<dj&, the meaning is: n of
3 the 1st
and 2nd case endings.

• >F ? 9dj& 6/2 – In the place of >F ? ( *)3 and 9 (L0<dj& n);3 in Û%(d4 jv1È`.
• º*& 1/1 – In the place of two, one substitute.
• )!"QV%d%< 3 7/1 – In the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)®<`.
[LSK] *& 5/1 L0<%"ZV`ddj& 6/2 "n 7/1 >F )

? >ƒ?W`T&? 1/1 º*%W4\& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜ S"V 0 L%®4 7/1É
3 L0<% and "ZV`d% follows, W`T ? similar to >F ? letter is the substitute
After *,3 when n of
in the place of >F ? and 9. When this is applicable…
14
"5 6$%& . .5
["(14f)FG<]3 6.1.104 (%"W"n ˜ ~ L0<dj& >F )? >ƒ?& W`T?& >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
? >ƒ?W`T ? is negated when >ƒ? is followed by Sn. 3
>F )
5 7
>ƒ? Sn 3 of L0<%/"ZV`d%
1
? >ƒ?W`T ?
>F )
( 0 OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 ˜ L0<dj& 6/2 >F )
? >ƒ?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 º*& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
3 words in the )FG; 6 words as (>t"|

• ? >ƒ?W`T ? from happening.
( 0 – Negating >F )
• 3
OV 5/1 – >ƒ?; all )>ƒ? of by 1.1.69 ƒ"W³>ƒ?Ÿ n%Lˆd&˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
• S"n 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& Sn; 3 all vowels other than >ƒ?; in 9)®<`; with L0<dj&, the meaning is:
3 the 1st and 2nd case endings.
Sn of
Words other than *& 5/1 and "n 7/1, which are overridden by OV 5/1
3 and S"n 7/1, are
taken into consideration as (>t"|.

[LSK] OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 ( 0 >F )
? >ƒ?W`T&? 1/1 ˜ (6.1.88) >t"^94"n˜ - 9%<_ É
3 L0<% and "ZV`d% follows, W`T ? similar to >F ? letter does not
After >ƒ?, when Sn of
happen. Thus >t"^ is the substitute for of 9%< and y of Lˆd.
9%< + y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜
3 L%®, but it is negated
? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.104 (%"W"n ˜
9%<_ 6.1.88 >t"^94"n˜
15
Now, ">>ª% is 9%< in the 1st case plural.
[">"f)FG<]3 1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< ˜3

ab1 7/3 ab>n(< 1/1
3 ˜
2 words in the )FG

• ab1 7/3 – in ">1d)®<`.
• 3
ab>n(< 1/1 – This is ">"f.
[LSK] ab§">>ª%d%< 7/1

3 ab>n(< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 É
In the sense of many-ness, a suffix termed ab>n( should be used.
3
Thus ) -Lˆd 3 to be suffixed.
) is
The 3 the beginning of Lˆd is SV by

at 3 the next sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.3.7 n¾F ˜ ~ LˆdŸ OW4& h W4\ 4 SV 3

In the original texts of grammar, n>v? and ¾>v? at the beginning of Lˆd is SV. 3
n¾F 1/2 ˜ LˆdŸ 6/1 O"W& 1/1 h W4\ 4 7/1 SV 1/1

3

• n¾F 1/2 – n& n ¾& n n¾F (ID) ˜ n>v? and ¾>v?; this is )!U`.
• LˆdŸ 6/1 – Suffix; in )}„1È` to O"W&.
• O"W& 1/1 – Beginning (of the Lˆd); adjective to n¾F.
• h W4\ 4 7/1 – h W4\ means “the original texts of grammar“; in "f*9ƒ4 )®<`.
• SV 3 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] Lˆd%W_ 7/1 n¾F 1/2 SV_ 1/2 & III/2˜

The letters of n>v? and ¾>v? at the beginning of a suffix are SVs.3
16
"5 6$%& . .5
3 U% is L%® by 1.3.3 Q#Ü<˜,3 but negated by 1.3.4 ( ">pŒ_ Vµ%&˜. For this sūtra,
SV-)!
">p"Œ-)!U% is required first, which is defined by the next sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.103 ">p"Œ» ˜ ~ "V† 3 ) 5 3

3
"V† 3 and ) 5 are termed ">p"Œ.
">p"Œ& 1/1 n 0 ˜ "V† 3 1/1 ) 5 1/1
3

• ">p"Œ& 1/1 – This is )!U%.
• n 0 – Connecting "V† 3 and ) 5 . 3
• "V† 3 1/1 – From 1.4.101 "V†{G`"ƒ…˜; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< 6/1 is changed to 1/1; this is )!U`.
• 3
) 5 1/1 – From 1.4.103 ) &˜; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< 6/1 is changed to 1/1; this is )!U`.
[LSK] "V†-3 Ý_ 1/2 ">p"Œ-)!U_ 1/2 & III/2˜
3
"V† 3 and ) 5 are termed ">p"Œ.
Note: By the "9p%1% )!U%">f_ Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ! (%" 3

˜, ) and "V† 3 here in this sūtra are
understood as Lˆd themselves, not Lˆd- , that which ends with Lˆd.
( ´) Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW Ÿ ¥Qƒ< ˜3 (When Lˆd is mentioned, that which ends with that Lˆd
should be understood.)
E.g., 1.2.45 Lˆd&, by the word 0>? V, 3 even though it is )!U%)FG, Lˆd% is understood.
( ´) )!U%">f_ Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ! (%" ˜ (In )!U%)FG, when Lˆd is mentioned, there is no
interpretation of “that which ends with Lˆd”.)
E.g., 1.4.14 )"®† ! W< ˜3
3
E.g., 1.1.22 V9 -V< _ T& ˜
E.g., 1.4.103 ">p"Œ» ˜
17
3 is
With the ">p"Œ-)!U%, the next sūtra, which gives exceptions to 1.3.3 Q#Ü< ˜,
understood.
["(14f)FG<]3 3 3 Ü< 3
1.3.4 ( ">pŒ_ Vµ%& ˜ ~ h W4\ 4 SV Q#
When the last consonant is V>v?, ), 3 <, 3 in ) or
3 "V†,3 it is not SV. 3
( 0 ">pŒ_ 7/1 V-)-<%&

3 1/3 ˜ Q# 1/1
3 Ü< 1/1
3 h W4\ 4 7/1 SV 1/1
3

• ( 0 – not
• 3
">pŒ_ 7/1 – ">p"Œ is )!U% for ) and "V† 3 1.4.104 ">p"Œ» ˜; in "f*9ƒ4 )®<`.
• 3 1/3 – V is )!U% for V>v?; V n ) n
V-)-<%& 3 < n Vµ%& (ID); the 3 for pronunciation.
after < is
• 3
Q# 3 1/1 – From 1.3.3 Q#Ü< ˜.
• 3
Ü< 1/1 3
– From 1.3.3 Q#Ü< ˜.
• 3
SV 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] ">p"ŒÛ%& 1/3 V>v?-)-<%& 1/3 ( 0 SV& 1/3 ˜
In ">p"Œ, even if they are consonants at the end, V>v?, ), 3 and < are
3 not SVs.3
[LSK] S"V 0 )Ÿ 6/1 ( 0 S§< 1/1

3 ˜
3 the ">p"Œ does not gain the status of SV. 3
By this sūtra, the last ) in
[LSK] 9%<%& 1/3 ˜

When ">>ª% is “9%<, 9%<, and 9%<”3 in L0<%, only one 9%< remains by 1.2.64 )£ %ƒ%< 3
º*\41 º*">pŒ_˜. The £ ")"^ of 9%<%& is as follows:
9%< + ) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< ˜3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.7 n¾F˜, 1.3.4 ( ">pŒ_ Vµ%& ˜ ~ Q# 3 Ü<, 3 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
9%<%) 3 ? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )"®† ! W< ˜3
9%<%Ë5 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 :˜ ~ WŸ
9%<%9 3 1.3.2 h W4\Ô4 ((%")* SV ˜3 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
9%<%& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ˜ ~ 9&
18
"5 6$%& . .5
In the sense of )}jf(, calling somebody to get that person’s attention, L0<% (),5 y,
))3 is used by the regulation 2.3.47 )}jf( 4 n ˜ ~ L0<%. Thus the forms in )}jf( are the
same as the ones in the first case. However the form in singular of )}jf( can be different,
while the forms in dual and plural are always identical to the ones in L0<% with any
3 )}jf( is given a special
L%"V "W*. To make this difference in the form, the L0<% º*>n(< in
term by the next sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 2.3.49 º*>n(! )}"^& ˜ ~ L0<%d%& )}jf(4

3 )5 in the sense of )}jf( is termed )}"^&.
L0<% º*>n(< ()
º*>n(< 1/1
3 )}"^& 1/1 ˜ L0<%d%& 6/1 )}jf( 4 7/1

• º*>n(< 3 1/1 – This is )!U`; º*>n( is )!U% defined by 1.4.103 ) &˜.
• )}"^& 1/1 – This is )!U%.
• L0<%d%& 6/1 – L0<% is )!U% given to ),5 y, and ); 3 from 2.3.46; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%<, 1st case is
changed to 6th case; "(f%?9ƒ4 1È`.
• 3
)}jf( 4 7/1 – In the sense of calling somebody; )Õv ajf(! )}jf(! ( V "p<Y`*9ƒ<%G< 3
("¾ßƒ` in 8.2.84 ¿9%^FV 4 n˜); in ">1d)®<`.
[LSK] )}jf( 4 7/1 L0<%d%& 6/1 º*>n(< 1/1

3 )}"^)!U< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
In the sense of calling somebody, the singular of first case ) 5 is termed )}"^.
19
In the next sūtra, $)!U% is defined because it is needed for the next sūtra to come.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.13 dµ%àˆd">"f W%"W Lˆd4Ô$< ˜3

After which L*t "V a Lˆd is enjoined, the group of letters which starts from that L*t "V
up to the Lˆd is termed $.
dµ%V 5/1
3 Lˆd">"f& 1/1 VW%"W 1/1 Lˆd4 7/1 $< 1/1
3 ˜

• dµ%V 3 5/1 – After which; dV indicates
3 L*t "V, after which Lˆd is enjoined.
• Lˆd">"f& 1/1 – ">f%(! ">"f& p%>4 "*-Lˆd˜; injunction; LˆdŸ ">"f& Lˆd">"f& (6T)˜;
injunction to give Lˆd.
• 3 "V£ < O"W&
VW%"W 1/1 – VV L*t 3 3
dŸ \]o£ Ÿ VV VW%"W (116B)˜.
• Lˆd4 7/1 – In 9)®<`.
• 3
$< 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] d& 1/1 Lˆd& 1/1 dµ%V 5/1

3 "HdV4 III/1 VW%"W-\]o£ < 1/1 3 (Lˆd4 7/1) $< 1/1
3 V"µ( 7/1 3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
After which L*t "V a Lˆd is enjoined, the group of letters which starts from that L*t "V
up to the Lˆd is termed $.
3 enjoined after pF f%V. With reference to "V , 3 the $ is the

For example, say "V is
group of letters starting from its L*t "V, which is pF f%V, and ending at itself. Thus the $ for
3 “pF + \ ”.3
"V is
3
L (h )v?) + pF (f%V) + \ (Lˆd) 3
+ "V (Lˆd)
In the example of 9%< with )}"^, the $ for )}"^ is “9%<”, by 1.4.13
3
dµ%àˆd">"f W%"W Lˆd4Ô$< ˜.
9%< (L%"V "W*) + ) 5 (Lˆd)
20
"5 6$%& . .5
The next sūtra is for making )}jf( º*>n( form.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.69 º†á3 o%³}^4& ˜ ~ Q# 3 #j &

) 5 of )}"^ is elided after º† 3 and áo-ending $.
5 1
3 áo
º†/ 3 )}"^
) of
1
#j (ãäV4)
º†-3 áo%V 5/1

3 )}^4& 6/1 ˜ ~ Q# 1/1
3 #j & 1/1

• 3
º†-3 áo%V 5/1 3
– Lˆ%Q%9& º† 3 and short vowels; º† 3 n áo& n º†á3 o< (SD), Vµ%V˜;3 in >F ? Æ<`.
• )}^4& 6/1 – In )}„4 1È`; connected to Q#;3 together, Q# 3 of )}"^, namely the ). 3
• 3 "VŸ Œ
Q# 3 1/1 – From 6.1.68 Q# 3 Ã%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜; Lˆ%Q%9& Q#;3 all the consonants; this
should be read with #j &.
• 3 that which is elided is #j ;
#j & 1/1 – From 6.1.66 #j j ’j>?"#˜; ãäV4 S"V #j &˜ *<?"ƒ TÏ ˜;
together, Q# 3 should be elided.
)}"^ is a )!U% given to a Lˆd. Lˆd implies $ which is in front of Lˆd. This is
3
understood by the definition of $ by 1.4.13 dµ%àˆd">"f W%"W Lˆd4Ô$< ˜.
Hence, when a word indicating Lˆd, such as )}"^, is heard after 5th case, then $%V 3
in 5th case is implied. Then, between º†-3 áo%V 5/1
3 and $%V 5/1
3 the VW ">"f by 1.1.72 d4(
">"f W Ÿ˜ is applied. Thus the >t"| will become as follows:
[LSK] º†-3 %V 5/1

3 áo- %V 5/1
3 n 0 $%V 5/1
3 Q# 3 ãäV4 III/1 )}^4& 6/1 n4V 03 ˜
After $ which ends with º† 3 or áo, Q# 3 is elided if it is of )}"^.

[LSK] Q4 9%< ˜ Q4 9%<_ ˜ Q4 9%<%& É
To express 9%< in the ">>ª% of )}jf( in singular,
9%< + ) 5 2.3.47 )}jf( 4 n ˜ ~ L0<% and 1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜
)}"^-)!U% for ) 5 by 2.3.49 º*>n(! )}"^&˜
9%< 6.1.69 ºåáo%³}^4& ˜
For dual and plural, £ ")"^ is the same as in the normal 1st case.
21
Now, in the ">>ª% of 2nd case dual, 9%< + <, 3 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜ is L%®, but 6.1.102
? >ƒ?&˜ is the
L0<dj& >F ) >%W. Then the next sūtra is further >%W.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
The form >F ? is the one substitute in the place of the >F ? and 9 when * 3 is preceding
3
and n in 3 following.
< is
5 7
*3 3
n in <3
1
>F ?
"< 7/1 >F &? 1/1 ˜ ~ *& 5/1 "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 º*& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
2 words in the )FG, 5 words as (>t"|.

• "< 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& <; 3 L0<% º*>n(< of
3 ) , 3 and also h|< Ë1& º*>n(< of
3 "V†;3 in "f*9ƒ4
)®<`.
• ? <. 3
>F &? 1/1 – This is OW4\; >F £
• *& 5/1 – From 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜; Lˆ%Q%9& *;3 simple vowels; in >F ? Æ<`.
• "n 7/1 – From 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n˜; Lˆ%Q%9& n; 3 in 9)®<`.
• >F ? 9dj& 6/2 – From "f*%9)FG 6.1.84 º*& >F ? 9dj&˜; in the place of >F ? ( *)3 and 9 (L0<dj&
n);3 in Û%( 4djv1È`.
• º*& 1/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.1.84 º*& >F ? 9dj&˜; in the place of two, one substitute.
• 3
)!"QV%d%< 7/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.1.72; in the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)®<`.
[LSK] *& 5/1 "< 7/1 "n 7/1 >F £

? < 1/1
3 º*%W4\& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜ 9%<< 2/1
3 ˜ 9%<_ 2/2 É
The form >F ? is the one substitute in the place of the two when * 3 is preceding and
3
n in 3 following.
< is
9%< + < 3
9%<< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ ~ *& "n º*& >F ? 9dj&
The process of 2/2 is the same as 1/2.
22
"5 6$%& . .5
Now, the ">>ª% is 2nd case plural. In 9%< + \), 3 \ is

3 SV by
3 the next sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 3
1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜ ~ h W4\ 4 SV O"W& LˆdŸ
In the original texts of grammar, #,3 \, 3 and *>v? letters at the beginning of a Lˆd
which is not V"^V is SV. 3
#-\-* 1/1 V"^V4 7/1 ˜ LˆdŸ 6/1 O"W& 1/1 h W4\ 4 7/1 SV 1/1
3

• #-\-* 1/1 – #& n \& n *& n #\* (SD) ˜ #,3 \, 3 and letters in *>v?; 3
after # 3 and \ are for
pronunciation (hÍ%9ƒ%0&? ); this is )!U`.
• V"^V4 7/1 – ( V"^V& V"^V& (NT) ˜ that which is not V"^V; in "f*9ƒ4 )®<`.
• LˆdŸ 6/1 – Suffix; in )}„1È` to O"W&.
• O"W& 1/1 – Beginning (of the Lˆd); adjective to n¾F.
• 3
SV 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] V"^V-> -? Lˆd%•%& 1/3 #\*>v%?& 1/3 SV& 1/3 Ÿ& III/3˜
#,3 \, 3 and *>v? letters at the beginning of a suffix other than V"^V are termed SV. 3
9%< + \) 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜, and 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
9%<%) 3 ? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& "n º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >ƒ?& ˜ in "! #$, the next sūtra should follow to
Now, after applying 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
3 (. 3
change the last ) to
23
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.103 Vµ%Ù)j (& "! ) ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3

? >ƒ?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
After >F ) 3 \) is
? >ƒ?&˜, ) of 3 masculine.
3 replaced by ( in
5 6
? >ƒ?W`T ?
>F ) 3 \) 3
) of
1
(3
Vµ%V 5/1
3 \)& 6/1 (& 1/1 "! ) 7/1 ˜ )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

• 3
Vµ%V 5/1 – L%"V "W* VW 3 refers to >F )
? >ƒ?W`T ? in the previous sūtra; in >F ? Æ<`.
• \)& 6/1 – In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`; with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜, and the meaning is: in the place of ) 3
of \). 3
• (& 1/1 – This is OW4\; the 3 hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?.
after ( is
• "! ) 7/1 – In ">1d)®<`.
? >ƒ?W`T%?V 5/1
[LSK] >F ) 3 9& 1/1 d& 1/1 \)& 6/1 )& 1/1 ()*%9& 1/1) VŸ 6/1 (& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 "! ) 7/1 É
? >ƒ?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
After >F ) 3 the substitute in the place of ) of
? >ƒ?&˜, ( is 3 \) 3
in masculine.
? >ƒ?W`T%?V 5/1
With all the "9p%1%, >F ) 3 h|9& 1/1 d& 1/1 \)& 6/1 Ü& 1/1 )& 1/1 ()*%9& 1/1) VŸ
6/1
Û%( 4 7/1 (& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 "! ) 7/1 É
9%< + \) 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜, and 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
9%<%) 3 ? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& "n º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
9%<%( 3 6.1.103 Vµ%Ù)j (& "! ) ˜
Now, the 94è can cause ƒ§, change into ƒ, 3 on the last ( by
3 the next sūtra, but it is
negated by the following sūtra.
24
"5 6$%& . .5
[">"f)FG<]3 8.4.2 ¾ 3*é%†(3 ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&

3 ƒ& )<%( W4
3
( after 3 replaced by ƒ, 3 even though ¾ 3, *, , O†,3 or (< are
3 is
9/1 3 intervening.
5
Any of 6
W 3 3
9/1 (3
3 (< 3
¾ 3/*/ /O†/
1
ƒ3
7/1 0
3
¾ 3-*-é%†-3 (<-’>%d4 " ˜ 91%Á%< 5/2
3 (& 6/1 ƒ& 1/1 )<%( W4 7/1

• 3
¾ 3-*-é%†-3 (<-’>%d4 7/1 – L%ˆ%Q%9& ¾ 3; all the vowels and Q 3, d, 3 >, 3 and 9;3 *5 and 5 are h"WV, 3
3 Ov<; ¾ 3 n *& n & n O† 3 n (< n
representing their )>ƒ?s; O† 3 is in L%"W, (< is 3 ¾ 3-*-é%†-3
3
(<& (ID), V&x ’>%d& ’>f%(< (3T), V"µ(˜3 in )"V)®<`.
• " 0 – Even though.
• 3
91%Á%< 5/2 3
– 9& n 1& n 91_ (ID), V%Â%< ˜; 3 hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?; in >F ? Æ<`.
after both 9 3and 1 is
• (& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is (; 3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• ƒ& 1/1 – This is OW4\; the 3 hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?, not intended.
after ƒ is
• 3
)<%( W4 7/1 – )<%(! W< )<%( 3
W< (KT), V"µ(˜;3 º*"µ( 3 W4; in one word; in "f*9ƒ4 )®<`.
[LSK] ¾ 3 *>v?& >v?& O† 3 (< -3 ºV&x 3/3 ’ x& 3/3 d0%)i>< 03 "<"#V&x 3/3 n 0 ’>f%( 4 7/1 " 0
91%Á%< 5/2
3
9Ÿ 6/1 (Ÿ 6/1 ƒ& 1/1 )<%( W4 7/1 ˜ S"V 0 L%®4 7/1É

Even when there is intervention by ¾ 3, *, , O†,3 or (<, 3 any one of them or any
3 the substitute in the place of ( after
possible combination of them, ƒ is 3 3 one word.
9 3or 1 in
When this is applicable…
25
["(14f)FG<]3 8.4.37 W% Ÿ ˜ ~ (& ƒ& (

ƒ§ does not take place at the end of W.
5
Any of 6
W 3 3
9/1 (3
3 (< 3
¾ 3/*/ /O†/
1
ƒ3
W% Ÿ 6/1 ˜ (& 6/1 ƒ& 1/1 ( 0

• W% Ÿ 6/1 – WŸ & W% &, VŸ.
• ( 0 – Negation of ƒ§; from 8.4.34 ( p%pF…˜ to 8.4.39 ªë%"W1 n˜; these sūtras are teaching
conditions where ƒ§ should not happen.
• (& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is (; 3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• ƒ& 1/1 – This is OW4\; the 3 hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?, not intended.
after ƒ is
3 É
[LSK] (Ÿ 6/1 ƒ& 1/1 ( 0 ˜ 9%<%( 2/3
3
ƒ will 3 the end of W.
not become substitute for ( at
26
"5 6$%& . .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.12 ¾%†")5†)%"<(%ì%& ˜ ~ V& $%V 3

3
¾%, †")5, and †) are replaced by S(, OV, 3 and Ÿ, respectively, after short -ending $.
5 6
$ V3 ¾%/†")5/†) 3
1
3
S(/OV/Ÿ
¾%-†")5-†)%< 6/3
3 S(-OV-Ÿ%&
3 1/3
˜ V& 5/1 $%V 5/1
3

• 3
¾%-†")5-†)%< 6/3 – ¾%& n †")& n †& n ¾%†")5†)& (ID), V41%<˜;3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
S(-OV-Ÿ%& 3 Ÿ& n S(%ì%& (ID); by d0%)Ì<W4\& )<%(%<˜,3
1/3 – This is OW4\; S(& n OV n
Û%"((s3 and OW4\s are connected respectively.
• 3 because this word is ">\41ƒ (adjective) to $%V, 3
V& 5/1 – From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ˜;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it becomes W %V with $%V. 3
• 3
$%V 5/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%<, the 6th case is changed to 5th
case; in >F ? Æ<`.
Even though it is under 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜ "f*%9, the section starting from 7.1.1 d>j9(%*_˜
to 7.1.57 vj W% 4 ˜ gives OW4\s and Ov<s to Lˆds. Thus the 6th case ending word $Ÿ
should undergo ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< to 5th case.
[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 ¾%W`(%< 6/3
3 S(%Wd& 1/3 Ÿ& III/3É
S( OV, 3 and Ÿ are substitutes in the place of ¾%, †")5, and †), 3 respectively, when they
are preceded by -ending $.
[LSK] ƒ§< -3 9%<4ƒÉ
9%< + ¾%
9%< + S( 7.1.12 ¾%†")5†)%"<(%ˆ%& ˜ ~ V& $%V 3
9%<4( 6.1.87 Oíƒ& ˜ ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
9%<4ƒ 3 ƒ& )<%( W4
8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&
27
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.102 )"5 n ˜ ~ V& W`T?& d"Ï $Ÿ

3
The last letter of short -ending $ becomes W`T,? when followed by dÏ-beginning
3
) -Lˆd.
6 7
$ V3 dÏ 3 ) 5 3
1
W`T ?
7/1
)"5 n 0 ˜ V& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 d"Ï 7/1 $Ÿ 6/1
• )"5 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& ) 5 ; 3 indicating all 21 ) -Lˆds;
3 in 9)®<`.
• n 0 – Connecting with the previous sūtra 7.3.101 Vj W`Tð d"Ï ˜ ~ )%>?f%V*4 .
• V& 6/1 – From 7.3.101 Vj W`Tð d"Ï ˜; because this word is ">\41ƒ (adjective) to $Ÿ,
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it becomes W Ÿ with $Ÿ.
• W`T&? 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• d"Ï 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& dÏ; 3 because this word is #-¥Qƒ
3 (mentioning of letters) and
)<%(%"f*9ƒ to 7th case ending word )"5 , VW%"W">"f is applied by (>%´) d4( ">"f W%W%>ñ¥Qƒ4˜,
3
and it becomes dÏ%W_ with )"5 ; dÏ-beginning 3
) 5 -Lˆds are: Á%<, 3 "p), 3 and Á). 3
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
[LSK] dÏ%W_ 7/1 )"5 7/1

V& 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 ˜
W`T ? is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short -ending $, when it is
3
followed by dÏ-beginning 3
) 5 -Lˆd.
1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜ is required to decide the Û%"((. 3 To decide which W`T ? sound, 1.1.50
Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ is required. O is the most similar sound to Û%"((, 3 which is .
3
[LSK] 9%<%Á%< É
9%< + Á%< 3
9%<%+ Á%< 3 7.3.102 )"5 n ˜ ~ V& W`T&? d"Ï $Ÿ
9%<%Á%< 3
28
"5 6$%& . .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ˜3 ~ $%V 3

3 replaced by w). 3
After short -ending $, "p) is
5 6
$ V 3 "p) 3
1
w) 3
V& 5/1 "p)& 6/1 w) 1/1

3 ˜ ~ $%V 5/1
3
3 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|

• V& 5/1 – Because this word is ">\41ƒ (adjective) to $%V, 3 VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72
3
d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it becomes W %V with $%V. 3
• "p)& 6/1 – L%"V "W* "p); 3 VtV`d% ab>n(< of
3 ) -Lˆd;
3 in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
• 3
w) 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• 3
case; in >F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 9Ÿ 5/1 9Ÿ 6/1 "p)& 6/1 w) 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 É
3 the substitute in the place of all the letters of "p), 3 when it is preceded by -
w) is
ending $.
First, 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜ is negated by "9p%1% 1.1.54 OW4& 9Ÿ˜ because a 5th case
ending word is indicating where the OW4\ should take place, hence the situation where the
3 to be replaced is L%®. This is negated by 1.1.55 (*
first letter of "p) is 3 Ÿ˜ because
4 %"òV )>?
3
w) is 4 %#,3 more than one letter, and this sūtra is 9. By the force of 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<˜,3
(*
3 Ÿ˜ is effective. Thus all the letters of "p) are
4 %"òV )>?
1.1.55 (* 3 to be replaced.
3 Ÿ” (1.1.55)˜ 9%<x& 3/3É
[LSK] “ ( 4*%"òV )>?
9%< + "p) 3
9%< + w) 3 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ˜3 ~ $%V 3
9%<x) 3 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ˜ ~ OV )!
9%<x& Ë5 §">)vÖ
29
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.13 †4 d ?& ˜ ~ V& $%V 3

†4 is replaced by d, after short -ending $.
5
6
$ V3 †4
1
d
†4 & 6/1 d& 1/1 ˜ ~ V& 5/1 $%V 5/1

3

• 3 ) -Lˆd;
†4 & 6/1 – L%"V "W* †4 ; nV0Ç º*>n(< of 3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• d& 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• 3 because this word is ">\41ƒ (adjective) to $%V, 3
V& 5/1 – From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ˜;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it becomes W %V with $%V. 3
• 3
case; in >F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] V& 5/1 $%V 5/1

3 †4 & 6/1 d-OW4\& 1/1 É
d is the substitute in the place of †4 , when it is preceded by -ending $.

9%< + †4
9%< + d 7.1.13 †4 d&? ˜ ~ V& $%V 3
9%<% + d 7.3.102 )"5 n ˜ ~ V& W`T&? d"Ï $Ÿ
3
Now, to apply 7.3.102 )"5 n ˜, dÏ-O"W 3
) Lˆd should follow. Here there is only d
which is OW4\, not Lˆd.
The next sūtra extends the status of Lˆd which belongs to †4 to OW4\ d, by teaching
3 inherited by OW4\.
the status of Û%"(( is
30
"5 6$%& . .5
[ "VW4\)FG<]3 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜

OW4\ is like Û%"( for a ">"f which is not depending on letter ( #)3 of Û%"((. 3
Û%"(>V 03 OW4\& 1/1 ("óf_ 7/1 ˜

3 words in the )FG, no word is required as (>t"|.
• 3 like Û%"((; 3 by 5.1.115 V4( Vô! "Hd% n4W 3 >"V&˜.
Û%"(>V 03 – Û%"((% Vô< ˜;
• OW4\& 1/1 – A substitute.
• ("óf_ 7/1 – #%/ #&/ #&/ "# ">"f& "ó"f& (3, 5, 6, 7T), V"µ(; 3 a ">"f which is
enjoined through/after/on/before #;3 in whatever the )<%), a ">"f whose condition
depends on #;3 in ">1d)®<`.
[LSK] OW4\& 1/1 Û%"(>V 03 Ÿ%V III/1

3 , ( 0 V 0 Û%"(- #-Ocd-">f_
3 7/1
É
OW4\ is like Û%"((, 3 but not with reference to a ">"f which depends on # 3 of Û%"((. 3
"¾ßƒ`*%9 makes it more clear.

[LSK "¾ßƒ`] Û%"(<õ„` 1/1 d& 1/1 # 1/1 3
3 VV-"("<|*4 7/1
">f_ 7/1 (*%dæ 7/1) Û%"(>ö%>& 1/1 ( 0 S"V 0 0&?
1/1
É
Û%"(>ö%> (being like Û%"(()3 is not there in the rule (effect) which is caused by the
letter ( #)3 belonging to Û%"(.
[LSK] S"V 0 Û%"(>÷%V 5/1

3 “)" n” (7.3.102) S"V 0 W`T&? 1/1 – 9%<%d 4/1 ˜ 9%<%Á%< 4/2
3 É
Thus d-OW4\ being Û%"(>V, 3 W`T ? by 7.3.102 )" n˜ is applied.

9%< + †4
9%< + d 7.1.13 †4 d&? ˜ ~ V& $%V 3
9%<% + d 7.3.102 )"5 n ˜ ~ V& W`T&? d"Ï $Ÿ
3
The d is considered to be ) -Lˆd 3
by 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜. The condition dÏ is
seen on the OW4\, not Û%"((. 3
31
3
[K] f%V- $-*t V-V"^V- 3
’d-) -"V†-3 W-OW4\%& 1/3 ˜
OW4\ can inherit these status from Û%"((: 3 f%V§, $§, *t ÷, V"^V§, ’d§, )ø, "Vù,
W§.
[K] f%V-OW4\& 1/1 f%V>V 03 p>"V III/1 ˜ “ 4 &F ? ” (2.4.52) ˜ p">V%, p">V<, 3 p">V’< ˜3
p
3 f%V. In Of?f%V*">>ª% -
) is
pF 2.4.52 4 &F ? ˜ ~ Of?f%V*4
p
pF + Vtn 3 3.1.113 ¬>útn_ ˜ ~ f%Vj& Lˆd&
The OW4\ pF is treated like f%V by 3.1.113 ¬>útn_ ˜.
3
[K] $-OW4\& $>V p>"V ˜ 7.2.103 "*<& *& ˜ *4 (, *%Á%<, 3 *x & ˜
3 Á%< 3
"*< + 3
"*< is $.
* + Á%< 3 7.2.103 "*<& *& ˜ ~ ">pŒ_
*% + Á%< 3 7.3.102 )" n ˜ ~ V& W`T&? d"Ï $Ÿ
The OW4\ * is treated like $ by 7.3.102 )" n ˜.
3 \& *t ZV p>"V
[K] *t V-OW4 3 ˜ L*t ˆ, Lûˆ ˜
L + *t + §% 3
§% is *t V-Lˆd.
L + *t + ô 3 7.1.37 )<%)4Ô(ü >F æ ýj ô ˜3
L + *t V* 3 + d 6.1.71 áoŸ " "V *t "V V* 3 ˜
3 treated like *t V-Lˆd
The OW4\ ô is 3 by 6.1.71 áoŸ " "V *t "V V* 3 ˜.
3
[K] V"^V-OW4\& V"^V>V p>"V ˜ W%"f*<, 3 •V(< ˜3
W"f + þ* 3 þ* 3 is V"^V-Lˆd.
W"f + S* 7.3.50 þŸ4*& ˜
W%"f + S* 7.2.117 V"^V4 n%<%W4&˜ ~ "üƒ"V >t"^&
3 S*
W%f + 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n ˜
The OW4\ S* is treated like V"^V-Lˆd by 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n ˜.
•+ is V"^V-Lˆd.
• + V¾ 3 d 4.3.23 )%d!"n9... - #_ V¾ 3 n ˜
•+V3 ( 7.1.1 d>j9(%*_ ˜
The OW4\ ( is treated like V"^V-Lˆd by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
3
[K] ’d-OW4\& ’d>V p>"V ˜ L ˆ, Lûˆ ˜
L+ + ý%
32
"5 6$%& . .5
L+ + ô 3 7.1.37 )<%)4Ô(ü >F æ ýj ô ˜3

L+ V* 3 + d 6.1.71 áoŸ " "V *t "V V* 3 ˜
L ˆ+)
L ˆ 2.4.82 ’d%W%Î &˜ ~ ã* 3
3 treated like ý%. Thus ’d-)!U% is given to ôa
The OW4\ ô is words by 1.1.40
ý%Vj) )(& ˜.
3 \& )±V p>"V
[K] ) -OW4 3 ˜ >tª%d ˜
See the example of 9%<%d.
3
[K] "V†-3 OW4\& "V V p>"V ˜ *ËV%< ˜3
*t + #† 3 3.2.111 (•(V4 #† 3 ˜
*t + V) 3 3.4.78 "V®"{ … ˜ ~ #Ÿ
*t + V%< 3 3.4.101 VÛÛ"< %! V% %<&˜
*t + h + V%< 3 3.1.79 V(%"W*t üÁ h& ˜
*9 3+ h + V%< 3 7.3.84 )%>?f%Ë*%f?f%V*dj& ˜ ~ vƒ&
*9 3+ h + V%< 3 6.4.110 V h³%>?f%V*4 ˜
¾ 3 + *V%?< 3 6.4.71 ãå#å#t 2W%|& ˜
3 treated like "V†-3 Lˆd by 3.4.113 "V†"3 \V )%>?
The OW4\ V%< is 3 f%V*< ˜.
3
3
[K] W-OW4\& W>V p>"V ˜ ¥%<j >& o< ˜3
3 W
d %*< is
>) 3 8.1.21 ab>n(Ÿ > )_ ˜
>& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë&˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
3 treated like W by 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë&˜ and 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜.
The OW4\ >) is
33
1) #% ">"f&
’F j9 4 (
3 )5
’F + ) 5 + h9) + 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜ ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
3 * 3
’F j9) + 5.4.151 h9&Lpt"VÁ& * ˜3
’F j9Ë5 + * 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë&˜
’F j9& + * 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ˜
3 *
’F j9 ) + 8.3.38 )jÔ W%W_ ˜
Now, the L%"V "W* is declined in 3/1.
’F j9 4 (
3 \ as ">)v?,
94è can be the "("<| for ƒ§ by 8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ by considering ) OW4
Û%"(>V. 3 Note that ">)v? is counted in ¾ 3 as djv>%Q.
Û%(` = : (">)v?&)
OW4\& = ) 3
#% ">"f& = 8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜
3
In the view of 8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜, ) cannot be Û%"(>V, 3 like ">)v?, because 8.4.2
°îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ is "ó"f, that which depends on #.3
2) #& 5/1 ">"f& ( #& 9& ">"f&)

•_&
3 )5
"W> +
"W y + ) 3 "W> yV 3
3 ) 5 after Q# 3 is elided by 6.1.68 Q# 3 Ã%âj W`T%?V )
) of 3 "VŸ Œ
t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &. This sūtra is
"ó"f (5T) because the change is depending on #,3 which is told in 5th case.
Û%(` = > 3
OW4\& = y
3 "VŸ Œ
#& ">"f& = 6.1.68 Q# 3 Ã%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
In the view of 6.1.68, being "ó"f, y OW4\ is not considered to be >, 3 Û%"(>V. 3
34
"5 6$%& . .5
3) #& 6/1 ">"f&

•*%<&
3 *%<
"W> +
"W h + *%< "W> hV 3
3
> followed by ># 3 is elided by 6.1.66 #j j ’j>?"# ˜. This sūtra is "ó"f (6T) because
the change is depending on # 3 which is Û%"((, 3 told in 6th case.
Û%(` = > 3
OW4\& = h
#& ">"f& = 6.1.66 #j j ’j>?"# ˜
In the view of 6.1.66 #j j ’j>?"# ˜, being "ó"f, h OW4\ is not considered to be >, 3
Û%"(>V. 3
4) "# 7/1 ">"f&

* Sk&
3 Œ
d + 3.2.102 "(È% ˜
S 3 V
+ 6.1.15 >"no" d %W`(%! "*"V ˜ ~ ) )%9ƒ< 3
3 V
S + ? <3
6.1.108 ) )%9ƒ%Í ˜ ~ >F £
3 V
S1 + 8.2.36 »~{ )t <t d 9% ~% Ù\%! 1&˜
3 ¾
S1 + 8.4.41 k(% k&˜
Now, ">)v?)"„ between *& and Sk& is done.
3 Sk&
*) +
*Ë5 + Sk& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë&˜
h is the substitute in the place of Ë5 which is followed by Q\, 3 by 6.1.114 Q"\ n˜.
6.1.114 Q"\ n˜ sūtra is "ó"f (7T) because the change is depending on # 3 which is 9"("<|,
told in 7th case.
Û%(` = d 3
OW4\& = S
#& ">"f& = by 6.1.114 Q"\ n˜
In the view of 6.1.114 Q"\ n ˜, being "ó"f, S OW4\ is not considered to be d, 3 Û%"(>V. 3
35
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.103 ab>n(4 ô4V ˜3 ~ V& )" $Ÿ

3
The last letter of short -ending $ becomes º, when followed by #-beginning ) -3
Lˆd in plural.
6 7
$ V3 3 ab>n(
# 3 ) 5 in
1
º
ab>n( 4 7/1 "# 7/1 ºV 1/1

3 ˜ V& 6/1 )"5 7/1
$Ÿ 6/1
• ab>n( 4 7/1 – ab>n( is )!U% given to ), 3 \), 3 "p), 3 Á), 3 Á), 3 O<, 3 ) by
3 1.4.103 ) &˜;
adjective to )"5 .
• "# 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& #;3 because this word is #-¥Qƒ
3 and )<%(%"f*9ƒ to 7th case ending
word )"5 , VW%"W">"f is applied by (>%´) d4( ">"f W%W%>ñ¥Qƒ4˜, and it becomes #%W_ with
3
)"5 ; #-beginning 3
) 5 -Lˆds which are termed ab>n( are: "p), 3 Á), 3 and ) . 3
• 3
ºV 1/1 – This is OW4\; V 9*9ƒ is just for clarity.
• )"5 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& ) 5 ; 3 indicating all 21 ) -Lˆds;
3 in 9)®<`.
[LSK] #%W_ 7/1 ab>n( 4 7/1 )"5 7/1

V& 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 º*%9& 1/1 ˜
º is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short -ending $, when it is
3
followed by #-beginning 3
) 5 -Lˆd which is termed ab>n(.
[LSK] 9%<4Á& 4/3 ˜
9%< + Á) 3
9%<4+ Á) 3 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 ô4V ˜3 ~ V& )"5 $Ÿ
9%<4Á& Ë5 §-">)vÖ
36
"5 6$%& . .5
7/1
[LSK] “)" ” "*< 03 ? n < II/3
3 É
3 #j¾ 3/*V?"9/II/3
n+
3
n+ <3 3.4.78 "V®"{ ... ˜ ~ #Ÿ
3
n+ 4 3.4.79 "¾V O ( 4 W%(%! ¾4 94 ˜
3
n+ <3 3.4.91 )>%Á%! >%<_ ˜ ~ #j¾&
3 \ +
n+ 3 <3 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ ˜3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
n+ <3
3
< is #%"W ab>n( Lˆd, and $ is W . However, because 3 not ) , 3 7.3.103
< is
ab>n( 4 ô4V ˜3 ~ V& )"5 $Ÿ is not applicable.
37
[">"f)FG<]3 3 3
8.4.56 >%>)%(4 ˜ ~ #%< n9
The replacement of # 3 with n9 3is optional when >)%(, the absence of letter follows.
6 7
#3 >)%(
1
n9 3
Optional
>% 0 >)%( 4 7/1 ˜ ~ #%< 6/3

3 n9 1/1
3

• >% 0 – This rule is optional.
• >)%( 4 7/1 – >)%( is )!U% defined as the absence of letter, by 1.4.110 ">9%<jÔ>)%(<˜;3 in
9)®<`
• 3
#%< 6/3 – Lˆ%Q%9& #;3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• n9 31/1 – This is OW4\; Lˆ%Q%9& n9;3 letters in the 1st of the class and \, 3 1, 3 ). 3
[LSK] >)%( 4 7/1 #%< 6/3

3 n9& 1/3 >% 0˜
n9 3are the optional substitutes in the place of # 3 when >)%( follows.

[LSK] 9%<%V 5/1
3 , 9%<%W 35/1 ˜
9%< + †")5
9%< + OV 3 7.1.12 ¾%†")5†)%"<(%ˆ%& ˜ ~ V& $%V 3
9%<%V 3 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
9%<%W 3 8.2.39 #%! \jÔ 4 ˜
9%<%V 3 8.4.56 >%Ô>)%( 4 ˜ ~ #%! n9 3
[LSK] 9%<%Á%< 5/2

3 ˜ 9%<4Á& 5/3 ˜ 9%<Ÿ 6/1É
7.3.102 )" n ˜, 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 ô4V, 3 7.1.12 ¾%†")5†)%"<(%ˆ%& ˜ are used respectively.
Note that all of them are for W - $.
38
"5 6$%& . .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.104 u") n ˜ ~ ºV 3 V& $Ÿ

the last letter of short -ending $ becomes º, when followed by u). 3
6 7
$ V3 u) 3
1
º
u") 7/1 n 0 ˜ ~ ºV 1/1

3 V& 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1
• u") 7/1 – L%"V "W* u); 3 in 9)®<`.
• n 0 – Connecting the previous sūtra.
• 3
ºV 1/1 – This is OW4\; V 9*9ƒ is just for clarity.
[LSK] V& 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 º*%9& 1/1 ˜

º is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short -ending $, when it is
followed by u). 3
[LSK] 9%<dj& 6/2 É
9%< + u) 3
9%<4+ u) 3 7.3.104 u") n ˜ ~ ºV 3 V& $Ÿ
3 u) 3
9%<d + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>&˜ ~ "n
9%<dj& Ë5 §-">)vÖ
39
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ $%V O<&
(¾ 3-Ov< comes before O<, 3 when áo, (W`, or O" -ending $ precedes.
5 6
áo/(W`/
$ O< 3
O 3
1
(¾ 3
áo-(•% & 5/1 (¾ 1/1

3 ˜ $%V 5/1
3 O<& 6/1

• 3 áo-(•% (SD),
áo-(•% & 5/1 – áo& n (W` n O n 3 VŸ ˜; because this word is ">\41ƒ
(adjective) to $%V, 3 VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it becomes áo% %V, 3
(W`- %V, 3 and Oa %V with
3 $%V. 3
• (¾ 3 1/1 – This is Ov<; by 1.1.46 O• _ ¾"*V_˜, (¾ 3 is O"W- >d> to the 6th case-ending
word, O<. 3
• O<& 6/1 – From 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & )¾ 3 ˜; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%<, it changes to 6th case, since
the Ov< is for O<; 3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
$%V 5/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%<, it changes to 5th case; in
>F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] áo% %V 5/1

3 (W`- %V 5/1
3 Oa %V 5/1
3 n 0 $%V 5/1
3 9Ÿ 6/1 O<& 6/1 (¾ 3-Ov<& 1/1É
3
(¾ 3 is the Ov< to O< which 3
is after áo-ending, (W`-ending, or O -ending $.
40
"5 6$%& . .5
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ $Ÿ W`T?&

The last letter of 3
- $ is elongated when (%< follows.
6 7
$ n3 (%< 3
1
W`T ?
(%"< 7/1 ˜ ~ $Ÿ 6/1 W`T ?& 1/1

• (%"< 7/1 – L%"V "W* (%<; 3 ) -Lˆd
3 3
O< with (¾ 3-Ov<; in 9)®<`.
• W`T&? 1/1 – This is OW4\; from 6.3.111 #j 4 >F Ÿ
? W`TðÔƒ& ˜.
The word W`T ? as OW4\ brings n& 6/1 by 1.2.28 n»˜. n& 6/1 is ">\41ƒ of $Ÿ 6/1, thus
VW ">"f by 1.1.72 d4( ">"f W Ÿ ˜ is applied. Read together, “ Ÿ $Ÿ” is understood.
1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜ is applied.
[LSK] - $Ÿ 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 ˜

3
W`T&? is the substitute in the place of the last letter of n-ending 3
$ when (%< follows.
[LSK] 9%<%ƒ%< 6/3
3 ˜
9%< + O< 3
3
9%< + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O<&
9%<% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ W`T&? $Ÿ
9%<%ƒ%< 3 3 ƒ& )<%( W4
8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&
[LSK] 9%<4 7/1˜ 9%<dj& 7/2 ˜

9%< + "†
9%< + S (a„#j &
9%<4 6.1.87 Oíƒ& ˜
7/1
[LSK] )" – º§4 7/1 *t V4 7/1 É
41
9%< + ) 3
9%< + ) (a„#j &
9%<4 + ) 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 ô4V ˜3
[">"f)FG<]3 8.3.59 OW4\Lˆddj& ˜ ~ S¬*j& ? &

W% Ÿ )& <FfÑ
W% 3 Lˆd or
) of W% 3
) which is OW4\ is replaced by 1, 3 when preceded by S¬*.
5 6
W% 3 Lˆd, or
) of
3
Sƒ/*
W% 3
) which is OW4\
1
? (1)3
<FfÑ
OW4\-Lˆddj& 6/2 ˜ ~ S¬*j& 6/1 W% Ÿ 6/1 )& 6/1 <FfÑ

? & 1/1
• OW4\-Lˆddj& 6/2 – OW4\& n Lˆd& n OW4\Lˆd_ (ID), Vdj˜; in )}„1È`.
• 3 *& n S¬* (SD), VŸ˜; Lˆ%Q%9& Sƒ; 3 all vowels
S¬*j& 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 8.3.57 S¬*j&˜; Sƒ n
except >ƒ?, and Q 3, d, 3 >, 3 9,3 #;3 * represents all *>v?; in >F ? Æ<`.
• W% Ÿ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 8.3.55 ? &˜; adjective to )&.
W% Ÿ <FfÑ
• )& 6/1 – From 8.3.56 )Q4& )%2& )&˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• ? & 1/1 – This is OW4\; from "f*%9)FG 8.3.55
<FfÑ ? &˜.
W% Ÿ <FfÑ
3 )}„1È`, but of two different types.

OW4\ and Lˆd are connected to ) in
3
The 1È` of OW4\ is p4W-O" *% 1È`, telling that ) and OW4\ are identical, excluding
OW4\s such as “"V)t” by 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t˜. The form should be "V &, "V)t"p&, etc.,
? .
without <FfÑ
3 a part of Lˆd. Just like in the case of 9%< + ).
The 1È` of Lˆd is >d>1È`. ) is
[LSK] S¬*Á%< 5/2
3 9Ÿ 6/1 W% Ÿ 6/1 OW4\Ÿ 6/1, Lˆd- >d>& 1/1 n 0 )& 1/1 VŸ 6/1, <FfÑ
? -OW4\&
1/1
˜
3
? is the substitute in the place of ) which
<FfÑ 3 not at
is OW4\ or a part of Lˆd. The ) is
the end of W, and is after S¬*.
42
"5 6$%& . .5
? OW4\ is decided by 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<& ˜

<FfÑ
[LSK] [1W 3">>tVŸ 6/1 )Ÿ 6/1 V%q\& 1/1 º> 0 1& 1/1 ˜ 9%<41 ˜
9%< + ) 3
9%< + ) (a„#j &
9%<4 + ) 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 ô4V ˜3
9%<4 + 1 8.3.59 OW4\Lˆddj& ˜ ~ ? & S¬*j&
W% Ÿ )& <FfÑ
[LSK] º>< 03 *t -OWd& 1/3 " 0

W %& 1/3 É
43
Summary of declension of 9%< ( - -! 1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

9%< + ) 5 9%< + y 9%< + ) 3
9%<Ë5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated by 9%<%) 3 6.1.102
1
9%<& 8.3.15 6.1.104. 9%<%Ë5 8.2.66
9%<_ 6.1.88 9%<%& 8.3.15
9%< + ) 5
S1 same as above same as above
9%< 6.1.69
9%< + < 3 9%< + \) 3
9%<< 3 6.1.107 9%<%) 3 6.1.102
2 same as above 9%<%( 3 6.1.103
8.4.2 is L%®, but negated
by 8.4.37.
9%< + ¾% 9%< + Á%< 3 9%< + "p) 3
9%< + S( 7.1.12 9%<% + Á%< 3 7.3.102 9%< + w) 3 7.1.9
3 9%<4( 6.1.87 9%<%Á%< 3 9%<x) 3 6.1.88
9%<4ƒ 8.4.2 9%<xË5 8.2.66
9%<x& 8.3.15
9%< + †4 9%< + Á) 3
9%< + d 7.1.13 9%<4 + Á) 3 7.3.103
4 same as above
Û%"(>ö%> for d-OW4\ 1.1.56 9%<4ÁË5 8.2.66
9%<% + d 7.3.102 9%<4Á& 8.3.15
9%< + †")5
9%< + OV 3 7.1.12
5 9%<%V 3 6.1.101 same as above same as above
9%<%W 3 8.2.39
9%<%V 3 8.4.56
9%< + †) 3 9%< + u) 3 9%< + O< 3
9%< + Ÿ 7.1.12 9%<4 + u) 3 7.3.104 9%< + (%< 3 7.1.54
6 9%<Ÿ 9%<d +3 u) 3 6.1.78 9%<% + (%< 3 6.4.3
9%<djË5 8.2.66 9%<%ƒ%< 3 8.4.2
9%<dj& 8.3.15
9%< + "† 9%< + ) 3
7 9%<4 6.1.87 same as above 9%<4 + ) 7.3.103
9%<41 8.3.59
44
"5 6$%& . .5
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>?
The second paradigm of *%9% - "5 6$ is of )>? and other L%"V "W*s which are termed
)>?(%< by the next sūtra. These L%"V "W*s decline in a different manner because of four
3 U%.
sūtras which use )>?(%< )!
The basic paradigm of -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W* is similar to 9%<-\], except in five
places. The difference is made by four sūtras which have )>?(%< as a condition.
The difference from 9%<-\] ( - -! 2 )(%?< #1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
)>? + ) 3
1 )>? + \` 7.1.17
)>æ
S1 same as above
)>? + †4
4 )>? + µ x 7.1.14
)>?µ x
)>? + †")5
5 )>? + µ%V 3 7.1.15
)>?µ%V 3
)>? + O< 3
)>? + )¾ 3 O< 3 7.1.52
6 )>æ + )%< 3 7.2.103
)>æ + 1%< 3 8.3.59
)>æ1%< 3
)>? + "†
7 )>? + "µ( 3 7.1.15
)>?"µ( 3
The rest declines like 9%<.
45
The next sūtra defines )>?(%< )!U%.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( ˜

The members of )>%?"W-vƒ (a group starting from )>?) are termed )>?(%<.
)>%?W`"( 1/3 )>?(%<%"( 1/3 ˜

• )>%?W`"( 1/3 – This is )!U`; a group (vƒ) of words starting with )>?.
• )>?(%<%"( 1/3 – This is )!U%.
The members of )>%?"W-vƒ are enumerated in the >t"|.

3 (<4 )< ")< ˜ >F -? 9- >9-W"ªƒ-h|9-
[LSK] )>? ">P hp hpd 2V9 2V< Ñ ÑV9 SV9 §V § 9-
f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%< 3 )!U%d%< ˜3 o< 3 U%"V-f(-O–%d%< ˜3 3
9< a"Qdðv-h )!’%(dj& ˜ ˆW 3 VW 3 dW 3 ºVW 3
SW< 3 W) º*
3 "Z d W 3 µW 3 p>V 5 "*< ˜3
The members of )>%?"W-vƒ are of 35 types.

1. )>? all
2. ">P all
3. hp both ("(ˆ"Z>n(% &)
4. hpd 3
that which contains two things (VŸ "Z>n(! (%" )
5. 2V9 V"^V-Lˆd to "*<, 3 VW 3, dW 3, º* to make *V9, VV9, dV9, and º*V92
6. 2V< V"^V-Lˆd to "*<, 3 VW 3, dW 3, º* to make *V<, VV<, dV<, and º*V<
7. Ñ another, other
8. ÑV9 one of the two
9. SV9 the other
10. §V 3 Ñ
2
2V9 is suffixed to "*<, 3 dW 3, and VW 3 by 5.3.92 "*! d|Wj "(f%?9ƒ4 Zdj94*Ÿ 2V9n ˜3 to make *V9, dV9, and VV9.
2V< is optionally suffixed to "*<, 3 dW 3, and VW 3 by 5.3.93 >% am(%! %"V "9L 4 2V<n ˜3 to make *V<, dV<, and
VV<. These 2V9 and 2V< are suffixed to º* optionally by 5.3.94 º*%Í L%n%< ˜3 to make º*V9 and º*V<.
)>?(%<-)!U% is given to 2V9, 2V<-ending words. Even though there is a "9p%1% “)!U%">f_ Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ!
3 taken here.
(%" ”, if Lˆd itself is taken, it becomes ’0 ?, meaningless. Thus VW ¥Qƒ< is
46
"5 6$%& . .5
11. § Ñ
12. (<4 half
13. )< )>? (not “same”)
14. ")< )>? d%?d&
>F -? 9- >9-W"ªƒ-h|9- 9- f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%< 3 )!U%d%< ˜3

This is an v?ƒ-)FG, a sūtra in the vƒ. This v?ƒ-)FG teaches that in order to be
counted in the vƒ these seven words should necessarily require a referential point, should
not be proper nouns.
15. >F ? east, before, etc.
16. 9 latter, another, superior
17. >9 inferior
18. W"ªƒ south
19. h|9 north, latter one
20. 9 another
21. f9 lower
3
9< a"Qdðv-h )!’%(dj& ˜
This v?ƒ-)FG teaches that in order to be counted in the vƒ the word o should
indicate O % (oneself) or O `d (that which belongs to oneself).
22. o oneself, that which belongs to oneself
o< 3 U%"V-f(-O–%d%< ˜3
This v?ƒ-)FG teaches that in order to be counted in the vƒ the word should
indicate a"Qdðv (that which is outside) or h )!’%( (that which is covered).
23. 9 that which exists outside, inner layer of cloths

24. ˆW 3 that
25. VW 3 that
26. dW 3 that which
27. ºVW 3 this
47
28. SW< 3 this

29. W) 3 that
30. º* one, some
31. "Z two
32. d W 3 you
33. µW 3 I, we
34. p>V 5 revered you
35. "*< 3 what
In this section, only -*%9% L%"V "W*s in masculine gender are studied. Among
)>?(%<s, -*%9% L%"V "W*s are: )>? ">P hp hpd 2V9 2V< Ñ ÑV9 SV9 § (<4 )< ")< >F ? 9 >9
W"ªƒ h|9 9 f9 o 9 and º*.
3
Note that ˆW 3 VW 3 dW 3 ºVW 3 "*< also decline like -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W*.
48
"5 6$%& . .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.17 )& \` ˜ ~ V& )>?(% &

3 replaced by \`, after short -ending )>?(%<.
) is
5
6
)>?(%< V3 )3
1
\`
)& 6/1 \` 1/1 ˜ ~ V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1

• )& 6/1 – L%"V "W* ); 3 L0<% ab>n(< of
3 ) -Lˆd;
3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• \` 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• 3 because this word is ">\41ƒ (adjective) to )>?(% &,
V& 5/1 – From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ˜;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it becomes W %V with )>?(% &.
• )>?(% & 5/1 – From 7.1.14 )>?(% & µ x ˜; L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"(
)>?(%<%"(˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 )>?(% & 5/1 )& 6/1 \` 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
\` is the substitute in the place of ), 3 when it is preceded by -ending )>?(%<.
4 %ñ§%V 5/1
[LSK] (* 3 )>?-OW4\& 1/1 ˜
The OW4\ \` is (* 3
4 %# 3 (\ and 3 replaced.
4 %"ò³>?Ÿ˜, the whole ) is
[). By 1.1.55 (*
Only after getting Û%"(>ö%> by 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_˜, \` gets the status of Lˆd, then \ 3
3 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜.
is termed SV by
[LSK] )>æ 1/3É
)>? + ) 3
)>? + \` 4 %"ò³>?Ÿ˜
7.1.17 )& \` ˜ ~ V& )>?(% &, With the help of 1.1.55 (*
)>? + [ \` gains the status of Lˆd by 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_˜.
3 termed SV by
Then \ is 3 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜, thus elided by 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
)>æ 6.1.87 Oíƒ& ˜
49
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.14 )>?(% & µ x˜ ~ V& †4

†4 is replaced by µ x, after short -ending )>?(%<.
5
6
)>?(%< V3 †4
1
µx
)>?(% & 5/1 µ x 1/1 ˜ ~ V& 5/1 †4 & 6/1

• )>?(% & 5/1 – L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
• µ x 1/1 – This is OW4\.
V& 5/1 – From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ˜;
3
• 3 ) -Lˆd;
†4 & 6/1 – L%"V "W* †4 ; nV0Ç º*>n(< of 3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
[LSK] V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1 †4 & 6/1 µ x 1/1 ˜
µ x is the substitute in the place of †4 , when it is preceded by -ending )>?(%<.
[LSK] )>?µ x 4/1É
)>? + †4
)>? + µ x 7.1.14 )>?(% & µ x ˜ ~ V& †4 &
50
"5 6$%& . .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.15 †")Ãj& µ%" (_ ˜ ~ V& )>?(% &

3
†")5 and "† are replaced by µ%V and "µ(, 3 respectively, after short -ending )>?(%<.
5
6
)>?(%< V3 †")5/"†
1
3
µ%V/"µ( 3
†")-Ãj& 6/2 µ%V-"µ(_

3 1/2
˜ ~ V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1
• 3
†")-Ãj& 6/2 – †")& n "†& n †")†` (ID), Vdj& ˜; Æ<` º*>n(< and 3 ) -Lˆd;
)®<` º*>n(< of 3
in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.

• 3
µ%V-"µ(_ 1/2 – This is OW4\; µ%V n 3 µ%"
3 "µ( n (_ (ID) ˜.
V& 5/1 – From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ˜;
3
• )>?(% & 5/1 – From 7.1.14 )>?(% & µ x ˜; L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"(
)>?(%<%"(˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1 ºVdj& 6/2 ºV_ 1/2 & III/2˜
[LSK] )>?µ%V 5/1
3 É
)>? + †")5
)>? + µ%V 3 7.1.15 †")Ãj& µ%" (_ ˜ ~ V& )>?(% &
)>?µ%V 3
51
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & )¾ 3 ˜ ~ $%V OV 3
)¾ 3-Ov< comes before O<, 3 when >ƒ?-ending )>?(%< precedes.
5 6
$ termed
>ƒ? O< 3
)>?(%<
1
)¾ 3
O"< 7/1 )>?(% & 5/1 )¾ 1/1

3 ˜ ~ $%V 5/1
3 OV 5/1
3

• O"< 7/1 – L%"V "W* O<; 3 1È` ab>n(< of
3 ) -Lˆd;
3 in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
• )>?(% & 5/1 – L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
• )¾ 3 1/1 – This is Ov<; by 1.1.46 O• _ ¾"*V_˜, (¾ 3 is O"W- >d> to the 6th case-ending
word, O<. 3
• 3
$%V 5/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%<, it changes to 5th case; in >F ? Æ<`.
• 3
OV 5/1 – From 7.1.50 O )49)* 3 ˜; because this word is ">\41ƒ (adjective) to $%V, 3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it becomes >ƒ?- 3
%V with $%V. 3
[LSK] >ƒ?- %V 5/1

3 9Ÿ 6/1 )>?(% & 5/1 ">"QVŸ 6/1 O<& 6/1 )¾ 3-Ov<& 1/1 ˜
3
)¾ 3 is the Ov< to O< which is enjoined after >ƒ?-ending )>?(%< $.
Since there is no 6th case ending word but both 5th and 7th case ending words are
3
present, the Ov< is attached to 7th case-ending word by hpd"(Wæ\ 4 Æ<`"(Wæ\j a#`d%( ˜.
[LSK] º§-1§4 7/1 )>æ1%< 6/3

3 ˜
)>? + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & )¾ 3 ˜ ~ $%V OV
)>? + ) + 3 3
)>æ + )%< 3 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 ô4V ˜3 ~ V& $Ÿ

)>æ + 1%< 3 8.3.59 OW4\Lˆddj& ˜ ~ S¬*j&
)>æ1%< 3
52
"5 6$%& . .5
3 ˜
[LSK] )>?"µ( 7/1
)>? + "†
)>? + "µ( 3 7.1.15 †")Ãj& µ%" (_ ˜ ~ V& )>?(% &
)>?"µ( 3
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9%<>V 03 ˜
The rest of the declension is like 9%<.

[LSK] º>< 03 ">P-OWd& 1/3 " 0
W %& 1/3É
In the same manner, ">P etc., *%9% )>?(%< in masculine decline like )>?.
Those -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W*s which decline like )>? in "5 6$ are namely: )>?, ">P, hp,
hpd, 2V9-ending words (*V9, dV9, VV9, º*V9), 2V< ending words (*V<, dV<, VV<, º*V<),
Ñ, ÑV9, SV9, §, )<, ")<, and º*.
Some of the -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W*s do not decline exactly like )>? because of the
optional )>?(%<-)!U% which will be studied later.
Now, each word of the )>%?"W-vƒ is explained and declined.

[LSK] hp-\]& 1/1 "(ˆ< 03 "Z>n(- & 1/1 ˜ hp_ ¹ ˜ p%Á%< 3 ˜ hpdj& ¹ ˜
hp always ends with "Z>n(-)!U* Lˆds. hp_ x 2, p%Á%< x3 3, hpdj& x 2.
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 hp_
S1 hp_
2 hp_
3 hp%Á%< 3
4 hp%Á%< 3
5 hp%Á%< 3
6 hpdj&
7 hpdj&
[LSK] VŸ 6/1 (hp-\]Ÿ) SQ 0 ()>%?"Wvƒ4) %þ& 1/1 *n-3 0&? 1/1 ˜

There is no specialty as )>?(%< in dual forms. Then why is hp counted in )>%?"W-vƒ?
This is answered in this >t"|.
53
3
The reading of hp-\] in )>%?"Wvƒ is meant for *n-Lˆd.
3
*n-Lˆd 3 3 ¾4 &˜. For achieving the
is enjoined after )>?(%< by 5.3.71 ’d)>?(% %<*n L%*
form “hp*”, hp-\] is included in )>%?"Wvƒ.
[LSK] hpd-\]Ÿ "Z>n(< (3 " ˜ hpd& ˜ hpd4 ˜ hpd< ˜3 hpd%( ˜3 hpd4( ˜ hpd x& ˜ hpdµ x ˜ hpd4Á&
˜ hpdµ%V ˜3 hpd4Á& ˜ hpdŸ ˜ hpd41%< ˜3 hpd"µ( ˜3 hpd41 É
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 hpd& hpd4
S1 hpd hpd4
2 hpd< 3 hpd%( 3
3 hpd4( hpd x&
4 hpdµ x hpd4Á&
5 hpdµ%V 3 hpd4Á&
6 hpdŸ hpd41%< 3
7 hpd"µ( 3 hpd41
[LSK] 2V92V<_ 1/2 Lˆd_ 1/2, “Lˆd-¥Qƒ4 7/1 VW ¥Qƒ< 1/1

3 “ S"V 0 VW %& 1/3 ¥% %& 1/3 É
2V9 and 2V< in )>%?"Wvƒ are Lˆds. By the "9p%1% “Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ<”,3 words which
end with these suffixes are understood.
They are namely *V9, dV9, VV9, º*V9, *V<, dV<, VV<, º*V<. They all decline like )>? in
masculine.
[LSK] “(<4 ” S"V 0 fæ 7/1 É
3
(<4 is in the sense of half. Its )>?(%<-)!U% is optional when ) follows. This is told by
1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %²?*"V d(<4 %»˜.
[LSK] )<& 1/1 )>? d%?d& 1/1 Vô d%?d& 1/1 V 0 ( 0, “d0%)Ì<(W4\& )<%(%< (1.3.10)”
3 S"V 0 U% *%V 5/1
3 É
)< can mean both “all” and “same”. In )>%?"Wvƒ, )< is a synonym of )>?, all. If it
3 6/3 as seen in Pā ini’s own sūtra 1.3.10
means Vô, same, it declines as )<%(%< in
d0%)Ì<(W4\& )<%(%<˜.3
When )< is a synonym of )>?, )>?(%<-)!U% is given and it declines like )>?.
54
"5 6$%& . .5
Overview of sūtras regarding )>?(%< in )FGH<
Now, some more sūtras related to )>?(%< are introduced.

To have a better grasp, see the following sūtras in k%Ð%d`)FG %þ.
()>?(%<-)!U%-L*9ƒ<)3
1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(˜ )>?(%<%"( 36
1.1.32 ">p%1% ")˜ 36
1.1.33 L0-n9<-Vd- -f?-*"V d-(<4 %»˜ ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"ªƒj|9% 9%f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%<)!U%d%< ˜3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%–%d%< ˜3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.36 9! a"Qdðvj )!’%(dj&˜ ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
3
By 1.1.27, )>?(%<-)!U% is L%® for all the 35 types of L%"V "W* in )>%?"W-vƒ in all 21 ) -Lˆds.
From 1.1.32 to 1.1.36, )>?(%<-)!U% is told to be optional (">p%1%) for certain L%"V "W*s
3
when ) follows.
Since (<4 , and nine L%"V "W*s starting from >F ? are listed in )>%?"W-vƒ, )>?(%<-)!U% was
L%®% by 1.1.27. However, the following sūtras teach that )>?(%<-)!U% is ">p%1% for them when
3
) follows. This kind of option is called L%®% ">p%1%, option to what was available.
Since 6 types of L%"V "W*s starting from L0<, in 1.1.33 are not listed in )>%?"W-vƒ, )>?(%<-
)!U% was not L%®% by 1.1.27. 1.1.33 teaches that optional )>?(%<-)!U% is given for them when ) 3
follows. This kind of option is called L%®% ">p%1%, option to what was not available.
These are the sūtras which modify the suffixes after )>?(%<s.
7.1.14 )>?(% & µ x ˜ ~ †4 &
7.1.15 †")Ãj& µ%" (_ ˜ ~ )>?(% &
7.1.16 >F %?"WÁj (>Áj >% ˜ ~ †")Ãj& µ%" (_ )>?(% &
7.1.17 )& \` ˜ ~ )>?(% &
55
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #2 >F ? etc. 9
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"ªƒj|9% 9%f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%<)!U%d%< ˜3

~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
>F -? 9- >9-W"ªƒ-h|9- 9- f9%"ƒ 1/3 ’>Û%d%< 7/1
3 )!U%d%< 7/1
3 ˜ ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3

• >F -? 9- >9-W"ªƒ-h|9- 9- f9%"ƒ 1/3 – Seven words are compounded in ID.
• ’>Û%d%< 37/1 – L%"V "W* is ’>Û%; that which requires a referential point; in ">1d)®<`.
• )!U%d%< 3 7/1 – ( )!U% )!U% (NT), VŸ%< ˜;
3 )!U% here means proper noun; in ">1d)®<`.
• ">p%1% 1/1 – The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called L%®-">p%1%, an option for what
is already given; here, )>?(%<)!U% is already given to those seven L%"V "W*s in a certain
sense, but the )!U% becomes optional because of this sūtra.; Such option is called L%®-
">p%1%.
• ") 7/1 – L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% º*>n(< of
3 ) -Lˆd;
3 in 9)®<`.
• )>?(%<%"( 1/3 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] ºV41%< 6/3

3 ’>Û%d%< 7/1
3 )!U%d%< 7/1
3 n )>?(%<)!U% 1/1 vƒ)FG%V 5/1
3 )>?G 0 d% 1/1 L%®% 1/1 )% 1/1 ")
7/1
>% 0 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
For those seven words in the sense of that which requires a referential point, and
3
not a proper noun, )>?(%<)!U%, which was applicable everywhere (when any of ) follows)
3
by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(, is optional when ) follows.
This sentence is explaining L%®-">p%1%.
[LSK] >F æ 1/3, >F %?& 1/3 ˜
Because )>?(%<)!U% is optional, there are two forms in ). 3
W*t ˆ is done for two conditional words.

[LSK] “ )!U%d%<”3 "*< 03 ? h|9%& 1/3 *9>& 1/3 ˜
What is the necessity of “ )!U%d%<”3 word? – The answer is given by the example
where >F ? is used in the sense of proper noun. “The North Kuru”. It is just like “North
America”.
56
"5 6$%& . .5
The word “’>Û%” in the sūtra is explained.

[LSK] o- "pf4d- 4 - >"f-"(d<& 1/1 ’>Û% 1/1 ˜
ª
’>Û% is that which necessarily requires the referential point which is desired to be
known by the meaning of its own word ( >F ,? 9, etc.)
[LSK "¾ßƒ`] oŸ >F %?"W WŸ "pf4d& "WzW4\*%#£ & 0&? V4( 4 <%ƒ& " U%Ÿ<%(& >f4& "(d<& ˜
The necessity of the referential point which is desired to be known by the meaning
of the word such as >F ,? in the form of direction (north, south, etc.), place (upper, lower,
etc.), and time (before, after, etc.)
o- "pf4d- 4 - >"f-"(d<&
ª
6T
3T
KT
6T
oŸ "pf4d& o%"pf4d& (6T), V4( o%"pf4d(4 4 &(

ª 3 *<?"ƒ Tƒ)3 o%"pf4d% ª
+ [ª + 4 & (3T),
4 & º> >"f& o%"pf4d% ª
o%"pf4d% ª 4 %>"f& (KT), o%"pf4d% ª
4 %>f4& "(d<& (6T)˜
[LSK "¾ßƒ`] “*%\` >F %?, *V& *F >%?? Ld%v%V”3 S"V º>!£ & )& ’>Û% S"V É
“*%\` is east” “from where (of what) is it east?” “from Ld%v, *%\` is east” – such type
is called ’>Û%.
[LSK] “’>Û%d%<”3 "*<?3 W"ªƒ%& 1/3 v%0*%& 1/3, *\#%& 1/3 Sˆ0&? 1/1 É
3 – “Skilful singers of Purā as”. Here
What is the necessity of the word“’>Û%d%<”?
W"ªƒ means *\#, skilful, which does not necessarily require a referential point.
57
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%–%d%< ˜3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(

o< 1/1
3 U%"V-f(-O–%d%< 7/1
3 ˜ ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3

• 3
o< 1/1 – This is )!U`.
• U%"V-f(-O–%d%< 37/1 – U%"V& (a relative) n f(< (wealth)
3 n U%"Vf( 4 (ID), Vdj& O–% )!U%
U%"Vf(%–% (6T), ( U%"Vf(%–% U%"Vf(%–% (NT), VŸ%<˜3 not in the sense of a relative and
wealth; in ">1d)®<`.
• ">p%1% 0 – The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called L%®-">p%1%.
• ") 7/1 – L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% º*>n(< of
3 ) -Lˆd;
3 in 9)®<`.
• )>?(%<%"( 1/3 – This is )!U%.
The word o has four meanings: 1. O % oneself, 2. O `d& that which belongs to
3
oneself, 3. U%"V& a relative, 4. f(< wealth. By this sūtra, only in the sense of the first two, o
optionally gains )>?(%<-)!U% in ). 3
[LSK] U%"V-f(- Ñ->%"n(& 6/1 o\]Ÿ 6/1 L%®% 1/1 )!U% 1/1 ") 7/1 >% 0 ˜
For the word o, indicating things other than a relative and wealth, the )!U% which is
3
already gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(˜ is optional when ) follows.
[LSK] o4 1/3, o%& 1/3 ; O `d%& 1/3, O %(& 1/3 S"V 0 >% 0 É
By this sūtra, two forms are available in ). 3 The meaning should be that which
belongs to oneself.
[LSK] U%"V-f(- Ñ->%"n(& 6/1 V 0 o%& 1/3 U%Vd& 1/3 0%?& 1/3 >% 0 É
Whereas, the form of the word o indicating relatives and wealth is only one, o%&,
meaning relatives or wealth.
58
"5 6$%& . .5
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.36 9! a"Qd?vj )!’%(dj& ˜ ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(

9< 1/1
3 a"Qdðv-h )!’%(dj& 7/2 ˜ ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3

• 3
9< 1/1 – This is )!U`.
• a"Qdðv-h )!’%(dj& 7/2 – a"Q& (outside) (%>tV& (unenclosed) W4\& (place), V4( djv& )}„&
dŸ )& (that which has connection with outer place) a"Qdðv& (316B) ˜ h )!>`dV4 "9f`dV4 S"V
3
h )!’%(< (that which is covered up, like under-garment)˜; in ">1d)®<`.
• ">p%1% 0 – The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called L%®-">p%1%.
• ") 7/1 – L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% º*>n(< of
3 ) -Lˆd;
3 in 9)®<`.
• )>?(%<%"( 1/3 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] a% 4 7/1 "9f%(`d4 7/1 n 0æ 7/1 9\]Ÿ 6/1 L%®% 1/1 )!U% 1/1 ") 7/1 >% 0 ˜
For the word o, indicating outer and under-garment, the )!U% which is already
3
gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(˜ is optional when ) follows.
[LSK] 94 1/3, 9%& 1/3 vtQ%& 1/3; a% %& 1/3 S"V 0 0&? 1/1É
Houses which are located in outer area.
[LSK] 94 1/3, 9%& 1/3 \%"¾*%& 1/3; "9f%(`d%& 1/3 S"V 0 0&? 1/1É
Under-garment.
3
The last three )!U%)FGs give option to )>?(%<-)!U% for nine L%"V "W*s when ) follows.
And this type of option is called L%®-">p%1% because those L%"V "W*s are listed in )>%?"Wvƒ, thus
)>?(%<-)!U% had already been given by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(˜.
3
The next sūtra gives option to µ%V and 3
"µ( 7.1.15 †")Ãj& µ%" (_ ˜.
59
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.16 >F %?"WÁj (>Áj >% ˜ ~ †")Ãj& µ%" (_

3
For >F %?"W nine )>?(%<s, the replacement of µ%V and 3 optional.
"µ( is
5 6
>F %?"W nine †")5/"†
1
Optional
3
µ%V/"µ( 3
>F %?"WÁ& 5/3 (>Á& 5/3 >% 0 ˜ †")-Ãj& 6/2 µ%V-"µ(_

3 1/2

• >F %?"WÁ& 5/3 – >F &? O"W& d41%! V4 >F %?Wd& (116B), V4Á&˜; a group of )>?(%< starting from >F ? by
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9…˜ to 1.1.36 9! a"Qdðvj..˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
• (>Á& 5/3 – >F %?"W consists of nine )>?(%<s, namely, >F ,? 9, >9, W"ªƒ, h|9, 9, f9, o,
9; adjective to >F %?"WÁ&.
• >% 0 – This is optional.
• 3
†")-Ãj& 6/2 – †")& n "†& n †")†` (ID), Vdj& ˜; Æ<` º*>n(< and 3 ) -Lˆd;
)®<` º*>n(< of 3
in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.

• 3
µ%V-"µ(_ 1/2 – This is OW4\; µ%V n 3 µ%"
3 "µ( n (_ (ID) ˜.
[LSK] ºÁ& 5/3 †")Ãj& 6/2 µ%" (_ 1/2 >% 0 & III/2É
? %V, 3 >F %?V ˜3 >F "? µ(, 3 >F æ ˜
[LSK] >F µ
>F ? + †")5
>F ? + µ%V 3 7.1.16 >F %?"WÁj (>Áj >% ˜ ~ †")Ãj& µ%" (_
? %V 3
>F µ
ª4
>F ? + †")5
>F ? + OV 3 7.1.12 ¾%†")†)%"<(%ì%& ˜
? %V 3
>F µ
[LSK] º>< 03 9%W`(%< 6/3
3 ˜ \41< 1/1
3 )>?>V 03 É
In the same manner, 9 etc. declines. The rest declines like )>?.
60
"5 6$%& . .5
-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type B: >F ,? 9, >9, W"ªƒ, h|9, 9, f9, o, 9 (9)
Declension of >F %?"W nine \]s ( - -! 2 )(%?< #2)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 >F /
æ >F %?&
S1 >F /
æ >F %?&
5 ? %V/3 >F %?V 3

>F µ
7 >F "? µ(/3 >F æ
\41 ! )>?>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when ) follows
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"ªƒj|9% 9%f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%<)!U%d%< ˜3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%–%d%< ˜3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.36 9! a"Qd?vj )!’%(dj& ˜ ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
3
µ%V/"µ( 3 \ is optional
OW4
7.1.16 >F %?"WÁj (>Áj >% ˜ ~ †")Ãj& µ%" (_
61
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #3 L0< etc. 6, #4 ( 4<
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d(4<%» ˜ ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(

L0<-n9<-Vd- - ^?-*"V d-(<4 %& 1/3 n 0 ˜ ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3
• L0<-n9<-Vd- - ^?-*"V d-(<4 %& 1/3 – Seven words are compounded in ID.
1. L0< – first, foremost, principal
2. n9< – last, ultimate, final
3. Vd – V"^V suffix by 5.2.42 )!–%d% >d>4 Vd ˜3 and 5.2.43 "Z"GÁ%! VdŸ%d >%
3 ˜ (that
which has two parts, etc.)

4. – small, little, insignificant
5. ^? – half
6. *"V d – some, several
7. (<4 – half
• n 0 – Connecting .
• ">p%1% 1/1 – The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called hpd-">p%1% because it
contains both L%®">p%1% and L%®">p%1%. L%®">p%1% is for (<4 because )>?(%<)!U% was already
gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( as (<4 is listed in the )>%?"Wvƒ. L%®">p%1% is for other
L%"V "W*s, starting from L0< and ending with *"V d, as they had never been given
)>?(%<-)!U% before.
• ") 7/1 – L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% º*>n(< of
3 ) -Lˆd;
3 in 9)®<`.
• )>?(%<%"( 1/3 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] ºV4 1/3 ") 7/1 hŒ)!U%& 1/3 >% 0 Ÿ& III/3 ˜
These seven L%"V "W*s optionally gain )>?(%<)!U% when followed by ). 3
[LSK] L0<4 1/3, L0<%& 1/3 ˜ Vd& 1/1 Lˆd& 1/1 ˜ "ZVd4 1/3, "ZVd%& 1/3 ˜
Vd is a V"^V suffix. By Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ<˜,3 L%"V "W* "ZVd, "GVd, etc., are meant.
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9%<>V 03 É
For the first six L%"V "W*s, which have got )>?(%<-)!U% as L%®">p%1%, the rest other than
3
) declines like 9%<.
62
"5 6$%& . .5
-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type D: L0<, n9<, Vd-ending, , f?, and *"V d (6)
Declension of ( 4< nine \]s ( - -! 2 )(%?< #3)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 L0<4/L0<%&
S1 L0<4/L0<%&
\41 ! 9%<>V 3
[LSK] (<4 4 1/3, (<4 %& 1/3 ˜ \41< 1/1

3 )>?>V 03 É
3
As for (<4 , since it is L%®">p%1%, the rest other than ) declines like )>?.
-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type C: (<4 (1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 ( 4<4/( 4<%&
S1 ( 4<4/( 4<%&
\41 ! )>?>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when ) follows
1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d(<4 %» ˜ ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
63
Side note:
There are three types of ">p%1%.
1. L%®">p%1% That which is already gained is given an option.

2. L%®">p%1% That which is not gained is given an option.
3. hpdG">p%1% Both L%® and L%® are there.
In L%®">p%1%, what is already given is first negated (( p>"V), then optionally given
again (p>"V). This is called ">"f<Y.
On the other hand, in L%®">p%1%, what is not gained is given first (p>"V), then
optionally negated (( p>"V). This is called "(14f<Y.
In the case of hpdG">p%1%, the option cannot be told in both ">"f<Y and "(14f<Y at the
same time. To solve this problem, ">p%1% is defined as “( >%” S"V.
The )!U%)FG 1.1.44 (>4"V ">p%1%˜ teaches that first "(14f (() is given so that both L%®">p%1%
and L%®">p%1% are evened out ()<`*9ƒ). Only after then ">* (>%) is given to both.
64
"5 6$%& . .5
(>%"V?*<)3 V`dŸ "†³ >% ˜ ~ )>?(%<V%

The status of )>?(%< is optionally given to V`d-ending words when followed by "†V 3
Lˆds.
V`dŸ 6/1 "†³ 7/3 >% 0 ˜ )>?(%<V% 1/1

3 words in the >%"V?*, 1 word is understood by context.
• V`dŸ 6/1 – That which ends with V`d suffix; V`d is suffixed to "Z and "G by 5.2.54 Z4 `d&
˜ and 5.2.55 G4& )!L)%9ƒ! n ˜; )}„4 1È` to )>?(%<V%.
• "†³ 7/3 – L%"V "W* is "†V; 3 † 3 SV d4
3 1%! V4 "†V& (116B), V41 ˜; "†Vs3 are †4 , †")5, †), 3 and "†; in
9)®<`.
• >% 0 – )>?(%<-)!U% is optional.
• )>?(%<V% 1/1 – )>?(% & p%>& )>?(%<V%, the status of )>?(%<.
[LSK] "ZV`dµ x 4/1, "ZV`d%d 4/1 Sˆ%"W 1/1 ˜ º>< 03 VtV`d& 1/1 É
-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type E: V`d-ending (1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1
4 "ZV`dµ x/"ZV`d%d
5 "ZV`dµ%V/3 "ZV`d%V 3
7 3
"ZV`d"µ(/"ZV`d4
\41 ! 9%<>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when "†V Lˆd follows
(>%"V?*<)3 V`dŸ "†³ >% ˜ ~ )>?(%<V%
65
Summary of declensions of )>?(%<
There are five types of declension in -*%9% )>?(%<.

A. Basic -*%9% )>?(%< declension
)>?, ">P, hp, hpd, 2V9-ending words (*V9, dV9, VV9, º*V9), 2V< ending words
(*V<, dV<, VV<, º*V<), Ñ, ÑV9, SV9, §, )<, ")<, and º*
B. Basic -*%9% 3
)>?(%< declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for ) (L%®-">p%1%), and optional
forms in †")5, and "†
>F ,? 9, >9, W"ªƒ, h|9, 9, and f9 in the sense of that which requires referential
3
point, and not proper noun, o in the sense of O ( and O `d, 9 in the sense
of outer and inner garment
3 1.1.34
The difference is made by optional )>?(%<-)!U% when followed by ) by
3 1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%–%d%< ˜,
>F ? 9%>9W"ªƒj|9% 9%f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%<)!U%d%< ˜, 3 and 1.1.36
9! a"Qdðvj )!’%(dj&˜ ~ ">p%1% "), and optional forms when †")5 and "† are
following by 7.1.16 >F %?"WÁj (>Áj >% ˜ ~ †")Ãj& µ%" (_
C. Basic -*%9% 3
)>?(%< declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for ) (L%®-">p%1%)
(<4
The difference is made by optional )>?(%<-)!U% by 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %²?*"V d( 4<%»˜
The following L%"V "W*s which are not enumerated in )>%?"Wvƒ can decline like )>?(%<
optionally in certain places.
D. Basic -*%9% (9%<>V)3 declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for ) (3 L%®-">p%1%)

L0<, n9<, Vd-Lˆd-ending words, f?, *"V d
The optional )>?(%<-)!U% is given by 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %²?*"V d(<4 %»˜
E. Basic -*%9% (9%<>V)3 declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for "†V-Lˆds
3 ( L%®-">p%1%)
V`d-Lˆd-ending words (only two words: "ZV`d and VtV`d)
The optional )>?(%<-)!U% is given by (>%´) V`dŸ "†³ >% ˜
66
"5 6$%& . .5
-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "( ?9
The third paradigm of -ending masculine is "( 9? .

"(v?V& 9%d%& "( 9? & (PT) ˜ (>%´) "(9%Wd& H% %•0æ ÆÕ%˜ ~ )<%)&, "(9 3etc., in the sense of H% etc.,
is compounded with a 5th case suffix-ending word, and it is termed )<%).
"(9 3+ 9% + †")5 By being )<%), this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜.
"(9 3+ 9% 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
9% is h ) (? , the one whose meaning is secondary in compound.
"( 9? The last vowel becomes áo by 1.2.48 vj"{GdjË ) (? Ÿ ˜ ~ áo&.
[LSK] "( 9? & É
The declension of this word is special because of the next sūtra.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 ~ "n ">pŒ_

3
When vowel-beginning ">p"Œ follows, 9% is replaced by 9) optionally.
6 7
9% n 3 ">p"Œ
1
Optional
9) 3
9%d%& 6/1 9) 1/1

3 ÑV9Ÿ%< 03 ˜ ~ "n 7/1 ">pŒ_ 7/1
• 9%d%& 6/1 – L%"V "W* 9%; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3 replaced by 1.1.55 (*
9) 31/1 – This is OW4\; the whole Û%"(( is 4 %"ò³>?Ÿ˜.
• ÑV9Ÿ%< 03 – This is optional.
• "n 7/1 – From 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&˜; since this is ">\41ƒ to ">pŒ_, VW%"W">"f is applied by
(>%´) d"µ" "f W%W>ñ¥Qƒ4˜, and it becomes “ %W_ 7/1 ">pŒ_ 7/1”.
• 3 1.4.104
">pŒ_ 7/1 – From 7.2.84 k( O ">pŒ_˜; ">p"Œ is )!U% given to "V† 3 and ) by
">p"Œ»˜; in 9)®<`.
67
[LSK] %W_ 7/1 ">pŒ_ 7/1 ˜

9) is 3
3 the substitute in the place of 9% when n-beginning ">p"Œ follows.
This sūtra gives L%®">p%1%.
Now a question arises. The L%"V "W* "( 9? is derived from 9%, but not exactly 9%. The sūtra
7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 is for 9%. Can this sūtra still be applicable to 9)?3 The answer
is given by the next "9p%1%.
( "9p%1%) W%$%"f*%94 VŸ n VW Ÿ n ˜
In the section of WŸ and $Ÿ, the entity mentioned in a sūtra indicates itself and
that which ends with that.
W- $- "f*%94 7/1 VŸ 6/1 n 0 VW Ÿ 6/1 n 0 ˜

5 words in the "9p%1%
• 3
W- $- "f*%94 7/1 – In W- "f*%9 and $- "f*%9; W- "f*%9 starts from "f*%9)FG< 8.1.16
3
WŸ˜ up to 8.3.54 S2%d% >%˜; $- "f*%9 starts from "f*%9)FG< 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜ up to 7.4.end;
in "f*9ƒ4 )®<`.
• VŸ 6/1 – what is mentioned is an indication “for that”.
• n 0 – and.
• VW Ÿ 6/1 – what is mentioned is also an indication “for that which ends with that”.
• n 0 – and.
By this "9p%1%, not only the word 9% (VŸ) but also the word "( 9? (VW Ÿ) is
understood because the sūtra 7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 is in $Ÿ- "f*%9.
Note: This "9p%1% is a L Æ (elaboration) by 1.1.72 d4( ">"f W Ÿ˜.
68
"5 6$%& . .5
By the previous "9p%1%, it is understood that 7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 is applicable

for "( 9? , that which ends with 9%. Now, 1.1.55 (*
4 %"ò³>?Ÿ˜ is L%®. However, should the
3 \? The answer is given by the next "9p%1%.
whole "( 9? -\] be replaced by the 9)-OW4
( "9p%1%) "("W¯ d<%(Ÿ%W4\% p>" ˜

The OW4\ is for what is presented in the sūtra only.
"("W¯ d<%(Ÿ 6/1 OW4\%& 1/3 p>" III/3

˜
• "("W¯ d<%(Ÿ 6/1 – of what is presented.
• OW4\%& 1/1 – substitute.
• p>" III/3 – are.
By this "9p%1%, only “ 9” part of "( 9? is replaced by 9). 3
Here, another question arises. The sūtra 7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 tells “ 9% should
be replaced by 9)”.3 Here, "( 9? has “ 9”, not “ 9%”. The last long vowel has shortened by
1.2.48 vj"{GdjË ) (? Ÿ ˜ ~ áo& in the process of compound. The next "9p%1% gives the
answer.
( "9p%1%) º*W4\">*t V<(Ñ>V ˜3

When one part of an entity is modified, the entity does not become another entity. It
retains its own original status.
º*W4\">*t V< 1/1

3 (Ñ>V 03 ˜
• º*W4\">*t V< 3 1/1 – º*W4\(4 ">*t V<, 3 that which is modified in one place; 3rd case by 2.3.20
d4(%$">*%9&˜.
• (Ñ>V 03 – ( Ñ& (Ñ&˜ (Ñ4( Vô< >V?
3 V 4 ˜ 5.1.115 V4( Vô! "Hd% n4Z"V&˜; it is treated as
the same.
By this "9p%1%, “ 9” part of "( 9? is considered to be “ 9%”.
69
[LSK] S"V 0 9-\]Ÿ 6/1 9) 1/1

3 ˜ "( 9? )_ 1/2 ˜ "( 9? )& 1/3 Sˆ%"W 1/1 ˜
By all these "9p%1%s, 7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 is applicable to the word 9). 3 And
£ ")"^ is as follows:
"( 9? + y
3 y
"( 9? ) + 7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 ~ "n ">pŒ_
"( 9? )_
ª4
"( 9? _
3
[LSK] ª4 Q#%W_ n 9%<>V É
3 \ is not taken, and also in the place where Q#%"W-Lˆd follows, thus
When 9)-OW4
7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 is not applicable, "( 9? -\] declines like 9%<.
Declension of "( ?9 ( - -! 3)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 "( ?9)_/"( 9? _ "( ?9)&/"( ?9%&
S1 "( ?9)_/"( 9? _ "( ?9)&/"( ?9%&
2 "( ?9)_/"( 9? _ "( ?9)&/"( ?9%( 3
3 "( ?9)%/"( 9? ƒ
4
4 "( ?9)4/"( 9? %d
5 "( ?9)&/"( ?9%V 3
6 "( ?9)&/"( ?9Ÿ 3

"( ?9)j&/"( 9? dj& "( ?9)%</"( 9? %ƒ%< 3
7 "( ?9")/"( 9? 4 "( ?9)j&/"( 9? dj&
\41 ! 9%<>V 3
3 \ when
Optional 9)-OW4 %"W-Lˆd follows
7.1.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ˜3 ~ "n ">pŒ_
70
"5 6$%& O. .5
Now, O-ending masculine starts.

There are two types of O-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.
1. f%V- >d>-O-ending L%"V "W* - ">P %
2. Non-f%V- >d>-O-ending L%"V "W* - Q%Q%
O-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) ">P %
The first type is ">P %, O-ending f%V-ending L%"V "W*.

">P! %"V ">P % (UT) ˜ The compound is made by 2.2.19 h W<"V† 3 ˜ ~ )<%)&.
3 % 9ªƒ4 (2P) to protect + ">5n 3
">P + †) + 3.2.75 Ñ4ÁjÔ" q d 4 ˜ ~ ">5n 3
By being )<%) this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜
">P + % 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
">P %
[LSK] ">P %& 1/1É
">P % + ) 5 4.1.2 o_ )<_À %Á%"i{†4 Á%Â{†")Á%Â{†)j)%êÃjÄ ˜3 ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V 3
">P % + Ë5 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 : ˜
">P %& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ˜
">P % + y ? >ƒ?& ˜ is L%®, but negated by the next sūtra.

6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
71
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜ ~ ( >F )? >ƒ?& W`T?& S"n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
3
? >ƒ?W`f? does not happen when W`T ? is preceding and Sn or
>F ) 3 following.
) is
5 7
3 L0<%/"ZV`d%
Sn of
W`T ?
or ) 3
1
? >ƒ?W`T ?
>F )
W`T%?V 5/1
3 ") 7/1 n 0 ˜ ( 0 S"n 7/1 L0<dj& 6/2 >F )
? >ƒ?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 º*& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

• 3
W`T%?V 5/1 – In >F ? Æ<`.
• ") 7/1 – Lˆd ); 3 in 9)®<`.
• n 0 – This connects S"n with ").
• ? >ƒ?W`T ? from happening.
( 0 – Negating >F )
• S"n 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& Sn; 3 all vowels other than >ƒ?; in 9)®<`; with L0<dj&, the meaning is:
3 the 1st and 2nd case endings.
Sn of
[LSK] W`T%?V 5/1

3 ") 7/1 S"n 7/1 n 0 94 7/1 ( 0 >F )
? >ƒ?W`T&? 1/1 ˜
3 L0<% and "ZV`d% or ) follows,
After W`T,? when Sn of 3 ? >ƒ?W`T ? does not happen.
>F )
[LSK] ">P _ 1/2 ˜

">P % + y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜
? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜
">P _ 6.1.88 >t"^94"n˜
In ">P % + y, 6.1.104 (%"W"n ˜ would bring the same result. However, 6.1.105 W`T%? ")
n ˜ is applied because of 9§.
72
"5 6$%& O. .5
Examples of situations that 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜ can cover while 6.1.104 (%"W"n ˜
cannot are:
1) ">P % + ) 3 3 not following ( ) is
>ƒ? is preceding, but Sn is 3 -beginning)
= ">P %&
2) `+y >ƒ? is not preceding. Instead, W`T ? precedes.
= ä_
3) `+ )3 3 not following.
>ƒ? is not preceding, Sn is
= ä&
[LSK] ">P %& 1/3 ˜

">P % + ) 3
">P % + ) 3 1.3.7 n¾F ˜ ~ LˆdŸ OW4& h W4\ 4 SV, 3 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
6.1.102 L0<dj& 9F )>ƒ?& ˜ is applicable, but negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜
">P %) 3 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜
">P %& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 :˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
[LSK] Q4 ">P %& 8/1 ˜ ">P %< 2/1

3 ˜ ">P _ 2/2 É
The steps are the same in )}"^ as in 1/1. Forms in )}jf( in dual and plural are
always the same as L0<%, thus not mentioned.
">P % + < 3
">P %< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ This negates 6.1.102 L0<dj& 9F )>ƒ?& ˜
">P % + \) 3
">P % + ) 3
3
">P + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ˜ ~ pŸ $Ÿ #j &
This operation requires p-)!U% which is introduced by the next four sūtras, followed
by the ">"f)FG.
73
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.43 ! *Ÿ ˜ ~ )>?(%<Û%(< 3

)2( )
3
)¾ 3 (the first five ) -Lˆds, i.e., ),5 y, ), 3 <, 3 and y¾ 3), not in neuter is termed
)>?(%<Û%(.
)¾ 1/1
3 ! *Ÿ 6/1 ˜ ~ )>?(%<Û%(< 1/1
( ) 3

• )¾ 3 1/1 – This is )!U`.
• ( ) ! *< 3 ( )
! *Ÿ 6/1 – ( ( Ñ%0æ (Ï)3 ( ) 3
! *< (NT), VŸ˜; in )}„4 1È` to )¾ 3.
• )>?(%<Û%(< 3 1/1 – This is )!U%; from 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<Û%(<˜;3 "\, OW4\ for ) and
3 3
\) in
! * gain )>?(%<Û%(-)!U%.
( )
[LSK] )-O"W- Æ>n(%"( 1/3 )>?(%<Û%(-)!U%"( 1/3 Ÿ& III/3 !àŸ 6/1 É
Five words (suffixes) starting from ) 5 of non-neuter should become the ones whose
)!U% is )>?(%<Û%(.
The )!U% )>?(%<Û%( is given by >F %?n%d?. The word itself does not have significance.
If one wonders whether )¾ 3 is Ov<, the sūtra 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ uses )}"^ as
an adjective to )>?(%<Û%(. From this, it is understood that )¾ 3 is not Ov<.
3
) -Lˆds which are termed )>?(%<Û%(
In neuter In masculine and feminine
"\ )5 y )3
"\ <3 y¾ 3
3
"\ is OW4\ to ) and 3 neuter by 7.1.20
\) in ! *%V. 3 This "\ is termed
\)j& "\ ˜ ~ ( )
3
)>?(%<Û%( by 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<Û%(< ˜.
74
"5 6$%& O. .5
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.17 o%"W )>?(%<Û%(4 ˜ ~ W< 3

W-)!U% is given to a group of letters which is followed by Lˆds starting from ) in
3 the end of 5th chapter, other than )>?(%<Û%(.
4.1.2 to * in
o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 ˜ ~ W< 1/1

3

• o%"W1 7/3 – ):5 O"W& d41%! V4 o%Wd& (116B), V41˜; in 9)®<`.
• 3
)>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 – ( ( Ñ%0æ (Ï)3 )>?(%<Û%(< (NT), 3 this is ">\41ƒ to o%"W1; º*>n( is
V"µ( ˜;
O1?<. 3
• 3
W< 1/1 – This is )!U%; from 1.4.14 )"®† ! W<˜.3
3
[LSK] * -Lˆd- >"f1 7/3 o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<Û%( 41 7/3 >F <
? 1/1
3 W< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 É
When suffixes starting with ) and ending with * , 3 other than )>?(%<Û%( follow, that
which is before them is termed W.
The word >F < 3
? comes ? ˜.
from 1.1.66 V"µ"©"V "("W¯k 4 >F Ÿ
75
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.18 d"n p< ˜3 ~ o%"W1 )>?(%<Û%(4

3
p-)!U% is given to a group of letters which is followed by Lˆds beginning with d or
n, 3 among the Lˆds starting from ) in 4.1.2 to * in
3 the end of 5th chapter, other than
)>?(%<Û%(.
d"n 7/1 p< 1/1

3 ˜ ~ o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1

• 3
d"n 7/1 – d n 3 dn (SD),
nn 3 V"µ(˜;3 by VW%"W">"f, it is understood d-O"W1
3 and %"W1.
• p< 3 1/1 – This is )!U%.
• o%"W1 7/3 – ):5 O"W& d41%! V4 o%Wd& (116B), V41˜; in 9)®<`.
• 3
)>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 – ( ( Ñ%0æ (Ï)3 )>?(%<Û%(< (NT), 3 this is ">\41ƒ to o%"W1; º*>n( is
V"µ( ˜;
O1?<. 3
[LSK] d%"W1 7/3 %"W1 7/3 n 0 * -Lˆd-

3 >"f1 7/3 o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<Û%( 41 7/3 >F <
? 1/1
3 p-)!U< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V 3
III/1
É
3
When d or 3
n-beginning suffixes starting with ) and ending with * , 3 other than
)>?(%<Û%( follow, that which is before them is termed p.
3
Note: Being )>?(%<Û%( is a prerequisite for p-)!U%. In neuter, only "\ (substitute for ) and
\))3 are termed )>?(%<Û%(. Thus, a L%"V "W* which is followed by \` (content is [, OW4\ for y
! `.
and y¾ 3 in neuter) gains p-)!U%. Its examples are ) 0` and ) )
3 y
) "0( +
3 \`
) "0( + ! *%Í ˜ ~ y†& \`
7.1.19 ( )
3 [
) 0+ 7.1.88 pŸ ¾4 #ð & ˜ ~ "0<"tpª%< 3
3 y
! +
) )
) ) 3 \`
! + ! *%Í ˜ ~ y†& \`
7.1.19 ( )
! `
) ) ! jÔ)† 3 ˜ ~ )>?(%<Û%( 4 is not applicable.
7.1.89 )
76
"5 6$%& O. .5
[ "f*%9)FG<]3 1.4.1 O*2%9%W4*% )!U% ˜

From here (1.4.1) to 2.2.38 *2%9%& *<?f%9d4˜, only one )!U% is to be taken.
O 0 *2%9%V 5/1
3 º*% 1/1 )!U% 1/1 ˜

• O 0 – O† 3 <d%?W%"p">f_, in the sense of limit; here it is inclusive limit. Refer back the
"¾ßƒ` of the sūtra 1.1.14 "( %V º*% (%†˜3 .
• *2%9%V 3 5/1 – *2%9 is the word found in the sūtra 2.2.38 *2%9%& *<?f%9d4˜; in "Wzdjv4 Æ<` to
O†,3 which requires a referential point; with O†,3 it means “up to the sūtra 2.2.38”.
• º*% 1/1 – one.
• )!U% 1/1 – technical term.
? 03 “(2.2.38) *2%9%& *<?f%9d4˜“ S"V 0 V& 0 L%* 3 0 º*Ÿ 6/1 º*% 1/1 º> 0 )!U% 1/1 U4d% 1/1 É
[LSK] SV& 0 l <
After this sūtra, and before the sūtra 2.2.38 *2%9%& *<?f%9d4˜, only one )!U% is given for
one entity.
When only one )!U% is to be taken, how is it decided? This is answered here.
[LSK] d% 1/1 9% 1/1 (>*%\% 1/1 n 0 ˜
That which is told in 9)FG, or the one which does not have scope outside the scope
of another one.
The word "(9>*%\ is explained in the "¾ßƒ`.
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] "(9>*%\§! n h³v?- L%"®-Û#4 n%"9V%"?- p%>£ < ˜3
"(9>*%\ is the absence of utility where h³v?)GF is not applicable.
For example, h³v? is 6.1.87 Oíƒ&˜, and >%W is 6.1.88 >t"^94"n˜, which is "(9>*%\.
h³v?-L%"®-Û# is >ƒ? + n. 3 h³v?- L%"®-Û# is other than that, such as Sn +
3 n. 3 The >%W
? ) only within h³v?-L%"®-Û#, not in h³v?- L%"®-Û#.
sūtra 6.1.88 >t"^94"n˜ works (has n"9V- 0§
Thus, 6.1.88 >t"^94"n˜ is considered to be "(9>*%\.
h³v?- L%"®-Û#
h³v?
>%W
77
The word h³v? is also explained in the "¾ßƒ`.

[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] h³v?& )"V L"Va„*4 >V?<%(&, h³t#V4 a%f*-)ö%>4 ˆ#V4 S"V VÒ¨|4& ˜
h³v? works when there is no L"Va„*, obstacle ( >%W). The derivation of h³v? is that
which is to be given up when the negator ( 3 abandon + TÏ *<?
>%W) is there. (hW 3 + )t to 3 "ƒ)
3 masculine and feminine, both W-)!U% and p-)!U% are applicable. Since
As for \) in
this is not ">L"V14f (refer back 1.4.2.">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<˜3 and the meaning of Vôa#">9jf), 9-)FG is
not justified. In ">L"V14f, where two sūtras are applicable in one occasion, both the sūtras
should have their scope of operation ()%>*%\), while p is "(9>*%\ to W.
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] Objection: This sūtra tells the absence of two )!U%s in one target. This sūtra
does not determine either p)!U% or W)!U% in one target. Then, how do I know that p)!U% only
is to be taken in ">P %-\]? – >t"|*%9 tells the answer to the person who is doubting such.
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] "(9>*%\§! n h³v?- L%"®Û#4 n%"9V%"?- p%>£ < ˜3

The status of >%W is in the form of not having usefulness outside the scope of h³v?.
In other words, >%W is totally within the scope of h³v?.
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] h³v?& n )"V L"Va„*4 >V?<%(&˜

h³v? words only when there is no >%W.
Note that p x<`*%9 has a different opinion from >t"|*%9 and "¾ßƒ`*%9. p x<`*%9 does not
accept 9§ because there is no ">L"V14f situation between p and W. On the other hand,
>t"|*%9 and "¾ßƒ`*%9 take "(9>*%\§ as well as 9§ in this.
(W` and "T h )v? and *<?L>n(`d

#T and vË v"V and *<?L>n(`d
W and p 9µ x W and O ( 4 W
*%9*s ab `"Q Z$
78
"5 6$%& O. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ˜ ~ pŸ $Ÿ #j &

For p- $ which ends with O-ending f%V, there is elision of the last letter.
6
p f%V OV 3
1
#j
OV& 6/1 f%Vj& 6/1 ˜ ~ pŸ 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 #j & 1/1

• OV& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is OV; 3 because this is a ">\41ƒ to f%Vj&, VW ">"f is applied to make
“OW Ÿ f%Vj&”.
This V 9-*9ƒ (making it V 9, V*%9& 9& dµ%V)3 is not meant for *%#"(d< by 1.1.70
V 9 %%#Ÿ˜. Since O is not heard in <%Q4P9)FG%"ƒ, O is not in ƒ. 3 Thus 1.1.69 ƒ"W³>ƒ?Ÿ
n%Lˆd&˜ is not applicable to O. 1.1.70 V 9 %%#Ÿ ˜ is applicable only to what is applicable
to 1.1.69 ƒ"W³>ƒ?Ÿ n%Lˆd&˜. Therefore, this V 9*9ƒ is not for *%#"(d<, but just for clarity.
• f%Vj& 6/1 – This is a ">\41ƒ to $Ÿ, VW ">"f is applied to make “OW -f%V- Ÿ $Ÿ”.
• pŸ 6/1 – From "f*%9-)FG 6.4.129 pŸ ˜; p is a type of $.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From "f*%9-)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜.
• #j & 1/1 – From 6.4.134 6j jÔ(& ˜. This is OW4\.
[LSK] O*%9% & 1/1 d& 1/1 f%V& 1/1 VW Ÿ 6/1 pŸ 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 #j & 1/1 ˜ (1.1.52) #jÔÜŸ ˜
There is #j in the place of the last letter of the $ termed p, which ends with O-
ending f%V.
[LSK] ">P & 2/3 ˜ ">P % 3/1 ˜ ">P %Á%< 3/2

3 Sˆ%"W 1/1 ˜
">P % + \) 3
3
">P + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ˜ ~ pŸ $Ÿ #j &
">P & 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 :˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
79
Declension of ">P % (O- -! 1)

(f%V- >d>-O*%9% &)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

">P % + ) 5 ">P % + y ">P % + ) 3
">P %Ë5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated
1 ">P %& 8.3.15 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n˜. by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n˜.
">P _ 6.1.88 ">P %) 3 6.1.101
">P %& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
">P % + < 3 ">P % + \) 3
">P %< 3 6.1.107 ">P +3 ) 3 6.4.140 OVj
2 same as above
f%Vj& ˜ ~ pŸ $Ÿ #j &
">P &
">P % + ¾% ">P % + Á%< 3 ">P % + "p) 3
3 ">P +3 O 6.4.140 ">P %Á%< 3 ">P %"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
">P %
">P % + †4 ">P % + Á) 3
4 ">P +3 º 6.4.140 same as above ">P %Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
">P 4
">P % + †")5
5 ">P +3 ) 3 6.4.140 same as above same as above
">P &
">P % + †) 3 ">P % + u) 3 ">P % + O< 3
6 ">P +3 ) 3 6.4.140 ">P +3 u) 3 6.4.140 ">P +3 O< 3 6.4.140
">P & ">P j& ">P %< 3
">P % + "† ">P % + ) 3
7 ">P +3 S 6.4.140 same as above ">P %)
">P"
3
In p, the last O is dropped, ">P + ), 3 O, etc.
6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ˜ ~ pŸ $Ÿ #j &
? >ƒ?W`T ? is denied.
>F )
? >ƒ?& W`T&?
6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜ ~ S"n L0<dj& >F )
80
"5 6$%& O. .5
[LSK] º>< 03 \&'%-OWd& 1/3 É

In this manner, \&'%, etc., also decline the same way.
\&! \&4( >% f<"V S"V \&'%& ˜
\& + †) + 3
3 '% \]%"()!djvdj& (1P) to blow + ">n/"ç 3
O-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Q%Q%
W*t ˆ on the word in the sūtra “f%Vj&” is made.

3 É
[LSK] “f%Vj& 6/1” "*< 03 ? Q%Q%( 2/3
Q%Q% is a name for a type of v„>?, denizen of heaven.
The last letter O is not a part of f%V since this word is not grammatically derived.
Declension of Q%Q% (O- -! 2)

( ’¨©-\]&)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

Q%Q% + ) 5 Q%Q% + y Q%Q% + ) 3
Q%Q%Ë5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated
1 Q%Q%& 8.3.15 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
Q%Q_ 6.1.88 Q%Q%) 3 6.1.101
Q%Q%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q%Q% + < 3 Q%Q% + \) 3
2 Q%Q%< 3 6.1.107 same as above Q%Q%) 3 6.1.102
Q%Q%( 3 6.1.103
Q%Q% + ¾% Q%Q% + Á%< 3 Q%Q% + "p) 3
3
Q%Q% 6.1.101 Q%Q%Á%< 3 Q%Q%"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q%Q% + †4 Q%Q% + Á) 3
4 same as above
Q%Qx 6.1.88 Q%Q%Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q%Q% + †")5
5 same as above same as above
Q%Q%& 6.1.101
Q%Q% + †) 3 Q%Q% + u) 3 Q%Q% + O< 3
6
Q%Q%& 6.1.101 Q%Q_& 6.1.88 Q%Q%< 3 6.1.101
Q%Q% + "† Q%Q% + ) 3
7 same as above
Q%Q4 6.1.87 Q%Q%)
81
Now, S-ending masculine starts.

There are six types of S-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.
1. Q"9 "T-)!U*-\]&
2. )"Y Non-"T-)!U*-\]& with special sūtras
3. "V Non-"T-)!U*-\]&
4. *"V 1¾ 3-)!U*-\]&
5. "G \]& with special sūtras
6. "Z ˆW%"W-)>?(%<-)!U*-\]&
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) Q"9
The speciality of the word Q"9 is that it gains "T-)!U%.
Q9"V % %"( S"V Q"9& ˜

û Q9ƒ4 (1U) to take away + S( 3 (h´) 4.120 û" "1Ë"Q>Ú"V">"W"²"W*`"V?Á» ˜ ~ S( 3
Q9 3+ S )%>?f%V*%f?f%V*dj& ˜ ~ vƒ&
Q"9
3
hƒ%"WLˆds are considered to be *t V-Lˆd by 3.3.1 hƒ%Wdj ab#< ˜3
By being *t W , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜
[LSK] Q"9& 1/1 ˜

Q"9 + ) 5 4.1.2 o_ )<_À %Á%"i{†4 Á%Â{†")Á%Â{†)j)%êÃjÄ ˜3 ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V 3
Q"9 + Ë5 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 : ˜
Q"9& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ˜
[LSK] Q9` 1/2É

Q"9 + y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
Q9` ? >ƒ?&˜
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
82
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.109 ") n ˜ ~ áoŸ vƒ& $Ÿ

3
vƒ takes place for áo-ending $ when ) follows.
6 7
$ áo )3
1
vƒ
") 7/1 n 0 ˜ ~ áoŸ 6/1 vƒ& 1/1 $Ÿ 6/1

• ") 7/1 – Lˆd ); 3 in 9)®<`.
• n 0 – This connects with the previous sūtra.
• áoŸ 6/1 – This is ">\41ƒ to $Ÿ, thus VW ">"f is applied to make “áo% - $Ÿ”.
• vƒ& 1/1 – This is OW4\.
[LSK] áo- Ÿ 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 vƒ& 1/1 ˜

3
vƒ is the substitute in the place of the last letter of áo-ending $, when ) follows.
1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜ is applied.
[LSK] Q9d& 1/3 ˜

Q"9 + ) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< ˜3
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.109 ") n ˜ ~ áoŸ vƒ& $Ÿ
3
Q9d + )3 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜ ~ "n
Q9d& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 :˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
83
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ˜ ~ )}^_ $Ÿ

vƒ takes place for áo-ending $ when )}"^ () 5 in )}jf() follows.
6 7
$ áo )}"^
1
vƒ
áoŸ 6/1 vƒ& 1/1 ˜ ~ )}^_ 7/1 $Ÿ 6/1

• áoŸ 6/1 – This is ">\41ƒ to $Ÿ, thus VW ">"f is applied to make “áo% - $Ÿ”.
• vƒ& 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• )}^_ 7/1 – From 7.3.106 )}^_ n ˜; )}"^ is )!U% given to ) 5 in )}jf( by 2.3.49 º*>n(!
)}"^&˜; in 9)®<`.
[LSK] )}^_ 7/1 ˜

vƒ is the substitute in the place of the last letter of áo-ending $, when )}"^
follows.
[LSK] Q4 Q94 S1/1 ˜
Q"9 + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜, 2.3.47 )}jf( 4 n ˜ ~ L0<%
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ˜ ~ )}^_ $Ÿ
with the help of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜ and 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<& ˜
Q94 3 ^4& ˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 º†-3 áo%V )}
3 ^4& ˜
Site note: 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ˜ should be applied before 6.1.69 º†-3 áo%V )}
because of "(ˆ§< 3
[LSK] Q"9< 2/1 3 ˜
3 ˜ Q9` 2/2 ˜ Q9`( 2/3
3
When < follows, 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ is applied. 2/2 is always the same as 1/2. When
3
\) follows, ? >ƒ?& ˜, ) is
after 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F ) 3 6.1.103 Vµ%Ù)j (& "! ) ˜.
3 replaced by ( by
84
"5 6$%& S. .5
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜ ~ áo& dF

"T is the )!U% given to L%"V "W*s ending with áo S, h, which did not gain (W`-)!U%,
excluding )"Y.
\41& 1/1 "T 1/1 )"Y 1/1 ˜ ~ áo& 1/1 dF 1/2

• 3 U*%V 3 Ñ& \41& ˜; that which is other than (W`-)!U* which is already
\41& 1/1 – hŒ%V (W`)!
told in the previous sūtra.
1.4.6 "†"V áo» ˜ ~ dF +%–_ (W` gives optional (W`-)!U% to áo S-ending or áo h-ending
feminine word. Thus, here \41 indicates:
1. áo S-ending or áo h-ending masculine and neuter L%"V "W*
2. áo S-ending or áo h-ending feminine L%"V "W*, which did not gain optional (W`-
)!U%
• "T 1/1 – This is )!U%; this is artificial name.

• )"Y 1/1 – ( ( Ñ%0æ (Ï)3 )Y% S"V )"Y (NT)˜.
• áo& 1/1 – This is adjective to dF.
• dF 1/2 – S& (S>ƒ?&) n h& (h>ƒ?&) n dF (ID) ˜ S + h = d by 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜, then it declines as
d&, dF, d>&, etc.; this is adjective to \41&.
“\]-o£ <”3 is supplied ( Ð%Q%9), and qualified by the words in the sūtra, for
applying VW ">"f. \]o£ , a group of letters which ends with áo-S or áo-h, which is not
of the one termed (W`.
[LSK] “\41&” S"V 0 Ýk- 0<? 1/1

3 ˜
This sūtra works even without the word “\41&”, because 1.4.6 "†"V áo»˜ is >%W to
this sūtra. This statement is just for easy understanding.
[LSK] áo_ 1/2 d_ 1/2 SW 3-hV_ 1/2 VW < 1/1
3 )"Y-> <? 1/1
3 "T-)!U< 1/1
3 ˜
Those áo S and h ending words, which are not termed (W` are termed "T, excluding
the word )"Y.
85
By 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜, L%"V "W* Q"9 gained "T-)!U%.

"T-*%d?<, 3 effect of "T, in terms of declension is seen in 3/1 in the next sūtra and when
"†Vs3 (4/1, 5/1, 6/1, 7/1) follow.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 ~ T4&

O† 3 (an old term for ¾%) is replaced by (% after "T-)!U*-\], but not in feminine.
5 6
"T ¾%
1
(%
O†& 6/1 (% 1/1 " d%< 7/1

3 ˜ ~ T4& 5/1

• O†& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is O†,3 a )!U% for ¾% used by >F %?n%d?s; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• (% 1/1 – This is OW4\; the absence of ">p"Œ is O1?.
• 3
" d%< 7/1 – ( {G` S"V {G` (NT), VŸ%<˜;3 in ">1d)®<`.
• T4& 5/1 – From 7.3.119 Í T4& ˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] T4& 5/1 9Ÿ 6/1 O†& 6/1 (% 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1

3 " d%< 7/1
3 ˜ O† 3 1/1 S"V 0 ¾%-)!U% 1/1 ˜
(% is the substitute in the place of O†,3 a term for ¾%, after "T-)!U*-\].
[LSK] Q"9ƒ% 3/1 ˜
Q"9 + ¾%
Q"9 + (% 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 ~ T4&
Q"9ƒ% 8.4.2 ¾ 3*é%†(3 ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ (& ƒ&
[LSK] Q"9Á%< 3/2
3 ˜ Q"9"p& 3/3 ˜
No special effect in them.
86
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.111 T4"†? "V ˜ ~ vƒ& )"5

3
"T-)!U*-\] takes vƒ when "†V follows.
6 7
"T 3 5 3
"†V )
1
vƒ
T4& 6/1 "†"V 7/1 ˜ ~ vƒ& 1/1 )"5 7/1

• T4& 6/1 – "T termed by 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
"†"V 7/1 – † 3 SV dŸ 3
)& "†V (116B), V"µ(˜;3 this is ">\41ƒ to )"5 .
• vƒ& 1/1 – This is OW4\; which one of the vƒ letters is decided by 1.1.50 Û%( 4Ô 9V<&.
• )"5 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9 ) 5 ; 3 in 9)®<`.
[LSK] "T-)!U*Ÿ 6/1 "†"V 7/1 )"5 7/1

vƒ& 1/1 ˜
vƒ is the substitute in the place of the last letter of "T-)!U*-\], when followed by
3 5 -Lˆd.
"†V ) 3
[LSK] Q9d4 4/1 ˜

Q"9 + †4
Q94 + º 7.3.111 T4"†? "V ˜ ~ vƒ& )"5 , with the help of 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<& ˜
Q9d4 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜ ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
[LSK] Q"9Á%< 4/2
3 ˜ Q"9Á& 4/3 ˜
No special effect in them.
87
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.110 †")5†)j» ˜ ~ º†& "V >F &? º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
When º† 3 is followed by †")5 or †), 3 >F £
? is the one substitute for the two.
5 7
º† 3 3 †")5/†) 3
V of
1
?
>F £
†")5†)j& 6/2 n 0 ˜ º†& 5/1 "V 7/1 >F &? 1/1 º*& 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

• 3 †")†)_ (ID), Vdj&˜; )}„4 1È` to "V.
†")5†)j& 6/2 – †")& n †) n
• n 0 – Connecting with the previous sūtra, 6.1.109 º†& W% %W"V ˜.
• º†& 5/1 – Lˆ%Q%9 º†;3 representing º and u; in >F ? Æ<`.
• "V 7/1 – L%"V "W* V; 3 V 9 is *%#"(d< by 1.1.70 V 9 %%#Ÿ˜, hence only short is
intended; in 9)®<`.
This sūtra is under the "f*%9 of 6.1.72 )!"QV%d%<˜3 and 6.1.84 º*& >F ? 9dj&˜.
[LSK] º†& 5/1 †")5†)j& 6/2 S"V 0 >F £

? < 1/1
3 º*%W4\& 1/1 ˜
When º† 3 precedes and short 3

of †")5 and †) follows, ? is the substitute in the
>F £
place of the two.
[LSK] Q94& ¹ 5/1, 6/1 ˜
Q"9 + †")5
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.111 T4"†? "V ˜ ~ vƒ& )"5 , with the help of 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<& ˜
Q94) 3 6.1.110 †")5†)j» ˜ ~ º†& "V >F &? º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
Q94& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 : ˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
[LSK] Qdð& ¹ 6/2, 7/2 ˜
Q"9 + u) 3
Qdð) 3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
Qdð& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 : ˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
88
"5 6$%& S. .5
[LSK] Q9`ƒ%< 6/3

3 É
Q"9 + O< 3
Q"9 + (%< 3 7.1.54 áo-(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O<&
Q9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ $Ÿ W`T&?
Q9`ƒ%< 3 8.4.2 ¾ 3*é%†(3 ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ (& ƒ&
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.119 Í T4& ˜ ~ S,-%< yV 3 &
†4
This sūtra has two *%d?s, effects:
1) "† (7/1) after S/h is replaced by y,
5 6
S/h "†
1
y
2) and the last letter of "T-)!U*-\] is also replaced by .
6 7
"T "†
V 1/1
3 n 0 T4& 6/1 ˜ ~ S,-%< 5/2
3 yV 1/1
3 †4 & 6/1

• 3
V 1/1 – This is OW4\, for the last letter of "T.
• n 0 – n*%9 is to show that there are two *%d?s in this sūtra.
• T4& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is "T; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
S,-%< 5/2 3 in >F ? Æ<`.
– From 7.3.117 S,-%< ˜;
• 3
yV 1/1 – This is OW4\, for "†.
• †4 & 6/1 – From 7.3.116 †4 9%! (•% `Á&˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
89
[LSK] S,-%< 5/2

3 h|9Ÿ 6/1 †4 & 6/1 yV 1/1
3 , T4& 6/1 V 1/1
3 n0 ˜
y is the substitute in the place of "† which is after short S or h. Also short is the
substitute in the place of the last letter of "T-)!U*-\].
[LSK] Q9_ 7/1 ˜

Q"9 + "†
Q"9 + y 3
7.3.119 Í T4& ˜ ~ S,-%< yV 3 &
†4
Q9 + y 3
7.3.119 Í T4& ˜ ~ S,-%< yV 3 &
†4
Q9_ 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ˜ ~ OV )!
[LSK] Q"91 7/3 ˜

Q"9 + ) 3
Q"9 + 1 ? &
8.3.59 OW4\Lˆddj& ˜ ~ S¬*j& )& <FfÑ
[LSK] º>< 03 *">-OWd& 1/3 ˜

In the same manner, *">, etc., such as "(, "v"9, 9">, ">"f, and "> decline like Q"9.
Summary of declension of "T-)!U*-L%"V "W*
• "T-)!U% is defined by 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜ ~ áo& dF

• There are three sūtras used in declension of "T:
o 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 ~ T4& in 3/1
o 7.3.111 T4"†? "V ˜ ~ vƒ& )"5 in 4/1, 5/1, and 6/1
3
o 7.3.119 Í T4& ˜ ~ S,-%< yV 3 & in 7/1
†4
90
"5 6$%& S. .5
Declension of Q"9 (S- -! 1)

"T-)!U*-S*%9% - "5 6$-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

Q"9 + ) 5 Q"9 + y Q"9 + ) 3
Q"9Ë5 8.2.66 Q9` 6.1.102 Q94 + ) 3 7.3.109
1
Q"9& 8.3.15 Q9d +3 ) 3 6.1.78
Q9d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q"9 + ) 5
S1 Q94 + ) 3 7.3.108 same as above same as above
Q94 6.1.69
Q"9 + < 3 Q"9 + \) 3
2 Q"9< 3 6.1.107 same as above Q9` ) 3 6.1.102
Q9`( 3 6.1.103
Q"9 + ¾% Q"9 + Á%< 3 Q"9 + "p) 3
3 Q"9 + (% 7.3.120 Q"9Á%< 3 Q"9"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q"9ƒ% 8.4.2
Q"9 + †4 Q"9 + Á) 3
Q94 + º 7.3.111 Q"9Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
Q9d +3 º 6.1.78
Q9d4
Q"9 + †")5
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.111
Q94) 3 6.1.110
Q94& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q"9 + †) 3 Q"9 + u) 3 Q"9 + O< 3
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.111 3 u) 3 6.1.77
Qd ? + 3
Q"9 + ( O< 3 7.1.54
6 Q94) 3 6.1.110 Qdð& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 Q9` + (%< 3 6.4.3
Q94& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 Q9`ƒ%< 3 8.4.2
Q"9 + "† Q"9 + ) 3

Q"9 + y 7.3.119 Q"91 8.3.59
7 same as above
Q9 + y 7.3.119
Q9_ 6.1.88
91
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )"Y
By "T-)!U%-">f%d*-)FG 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y˜, the word )"Y was excluded. This word is the
second S-*%9% - "5 6$ word in #T")^% *_<W`.
)<%(! –%dV4 ( x& (one who is called the same by people) S"V )Y% ˜
3 –% L*0( 4 (2P) to tell + Sƒ 3
)<%( + < + 3
(h´) 4-138 )<%( 4 –& ) njW%|&˜ ~ Sƒ "2V 3
3 S
)+Y+ 3 #j , and Lˆd is like "2V, 3 thus "¾-part
By the same sūtra, )<%( becomes ), d is
is #j . (a„#j and ).*.3
)"Y
3
Special aspects of declension of )"Y

1. When )>?(%<Û%(s follow, there are special sūtras only for )"Y-\].
3
2. When 3/1 and "†V follow, there is no "T-*%d?.
92
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.93 († 3 )_ ˜ ~ )–& $Ÿ )}^_

3
The last letter of )"Y is replaced by ( when )}"^ ) 5 follows.
6 7
)"Y ),5 not )}"^
1
(† 3
(† 3 1/1 )_ 7/1 ˜ ~ )–& 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 )}^_ 7/1

• 4 %# 3 but "†V, 3 hence it replaces only the last letter by
(† 3 1/1 – This is OW4\; this is (*
1.1.53 "†Í ˜ ~ #& ÜŸ; 3 hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?, thus the content of this OW4\ is “ (”.3
after ( is
• )_ 7/1 – L%"V "W* is );5 in 9)®<`.
• )–& 6/1 – From 7.1.92 )–9)}^_˜; L%"V "W* is )"Y; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜.
• )}^_ 7/1 – From 7.1.92 )–9)}^_˜; this is adjective to )_.
[LSK] )–& 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 († 3 1/1 OW4\& 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )_ 7/1É
(† 3 is the substitute for the last letter of $ )"Y when )}"^ ) 5 is following.
)"Y + ) 5 4.1.2 o_ )...3 ˜ ~ Lˆd& 9» Ã%Å%"V "W*%V 3

)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 († 3 )_ ˜ ~ )–& $Ÿ )}^_
With the help of 1.1.53 "†Í ˜ ~ #& ÜŸ
3 )3
)Y( +
To be continued…
93
The next sūtra defines h f%-)!U% which is required for the following sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.65 #jÔÜ%V 3 >F ? h f% ˜

The second to last letter is termed h f%.
h f%
#& 5/1 Ü%V 5/1

3 >F &? 1/1 h f% 1/1 ˜
• #& 5/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& # 3 indicates any letter; in "Wzdjv4 Æ<` connected to >F &? .
• 3
Ü%V 5/1 – 4 p>& Ü& (that which exists at the end), Vµ%V˜;3 this is adjective to #&.
• >F &? 1/1 – This is )!U`.
• h f% 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] Ü%V 5/1

3 #& 5/1 >F &? 1/1 >ƒ?& 1/1 h f%-)!U& 1/1 É
The letter before the last letter is termed h f%.
94
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%(4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T?& $Ÿ

3
The second to last letter of (-ending $ becomes W`T ? when )>?(%<Û%( other than
)}"^ follows.
6 7
)>?(%<Û%(,
$ h f% (3
not )}"^
1
W`T ?
)>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 n 0 )}^_ 7/1 ˜ ~ ( 6/1 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 $Ÿ 6/1
• )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 – Defined by 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<Û%(<˜3 and 1.1.43 )2( )
! *Ÿ˜; in 9)®<`.
• n 0 – Connecting the previous sūtra. (6.4.3 (%"<˜ is up to 6.4.7, then )>?(%<Û%( 4 n.)
• )}^_ 7/1 – From 7.1.92 )–9)}^_˜; this is adjective to )>?(%<Û%(.4
• ( 6/1 – From 6.4.7 (j f%d%&˜; L%"V "W* is (; 3 ã®1È`-ending; adjective to $Ÿ; by VW ">"f,
this is understood as “(-3 Ÿ $Ÿ”.
• h f%d%& 6/1 – From 6.4.7 (j f%d%&˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• W`T&? 1/1 – From 6.3.111 #j 4 >F Ÿ
? W`TðÔƒ&˜; this is OW4\.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; qualified by (&, this is in )}„4 1È` to h f%d%&.
[LSK] (- Ÿ 6/1 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1É
3
W`f? is the substitute for the second to last letter of (-ending $ when )>?(%<Û%( other
than )}"^ follows.
)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 († 3 )_ ˜ ~ )–& $Ÿ )}^_
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $Ÿ
95
The next sūtra defines Œ

t -)!U% which is required for the following sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.41 t º*%# 3 Lˆd&˜

Œ
A suffix which consists of only one letter is termed Œ
t .
t & 1/1 º*%# 1/1

Œ 3 Lˆd& 1/1˜

• 3
º*%# 1/1 – This is adjective to Lˆd&; º*& n )_ # 3 º*%# 3 (KT)˜ one letter.
• Lˆd& 1/1 – This is )!U`.
• Œ
t & 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] º*%# 1/1

3 Lˆd& 1/1 d& 1/1 )& 1/1 t )!U& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
Œ 3 É
A single-lettered suffix is termed Œ

t .
Here are some examples of occasions where Œ

t is seen.
• 3
) is Œ 3
t after eliding (a„ from ) 5 () 5 -Lˆd)
• 3
V is Œ 3
t after eliding (a„ and S from "V ("V†-3 Lˆd) by 3.4.100 SV» ˜
• 3
) is Œ 3
t after eliding (a„ and S from ") ("V†-3 Lˆd) by 3.4.100 SV» ˜
• 3
> is Œ 3 V-Lˆd)
t after eliding (a„ from "ç (*t 3
96
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 3
6.1.68 Q#Ã%âj 3 "5 VŸ Œ
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
t Q# 3 of ),5 "V , 3 ") is
Œ 3 elided after Q#,3 or †`/O which
3 is W`T.?
5 6
Q# 3 or t -Q# 3
Œ
W`T ? †`/O 3 of ),5 "V , 3 ") 3
1
#j
QñÃ%â& 5/3 W`T%?V 5/1

3 )-5 "V-") 1/1 t < 1/1
Œ 3 Q# 1/1
3 ˜ ~ #j & 1/1

• 3 Q#Ã%
QñÃ%â& 5/3 – Q# 3 n †` n O n 3 & (ID), V4Á&˜; Lˆ%Q%9& Q#,3 feminine suffix †` (†` , 3
†`1, 3 †`()3 and O (¾%

3 , 3 2% , 3 n% );3 in >F ? Æ<`.
• 3
W`T%?V 5/1 – This is adjective only to †` and O . 3
• )-5 "V-") 1/1 – ) 5 of ) , 3 "V and
3 3 "V†;3 this sūtra is applicable for
") of Œ
t of only these
suffixes.
• Œ 3
t < 1/1 – Single-lettered suffix, defined by 1.2.41 t º*%# 3 Lˆd&˜.
Œ
• Q# 3 1/1 – Lˆ%Q%9 Q#;3 adjective to t <. 3
Œ
• 3 elide + TÏ *<?
#j & 1/1 – ãäV4 S"V #j & ˜ ã to 3 "ƒ ’¨"|&; that which is elided; )<%(%"f*9ƒ
to t ! Q#.3
Œ
[LSK] Q# %V 5/1
3 9< 1/1
3 , W`TÖ 1/2 d_ 1/2 Ã% _ 1/2 VW %V 5/1
3 n 0 9< 1/1
3 )-5 "V-") S"V 0 ºVV 1/1
3 t < 1/1
Œ 3
Q# 1/1
3 ãäV4 III/1 É
3
t Q# 3 of ),5 "V and
Œ 3
") which is after Q#,3 or which is after W`T ? †` or O , 3 is elided.
)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 († 3 )_ ˜ ~ )–& $Ÿ )}^_
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $Ÿ
)Y%( 3 3 "5 VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
To be continued …
97
Side note:
Question #1: Why is “W`T%?V”3 required to qualify †` and O , 3 while they are W`T ? by
themselves?
3
Answer #1: When †`/O -ending word is in conmpound as h|9 W, and when it is
h ) (? (v_ƒ), it becomes áo-ending by 1.2.48 vj"{GdjË ) (? Ÿ˜ ~ áo&.
<%#%d%& "VH% & "V<%#& ˜
"V + <%#% + †")5 (>%´) "(9%Wd& H% %•0æ ÆÕ% ˜
"V + <%# vj"{GdjË ) (? Ÿ ˜ ~ áo&
"V<#
3
<%#% is a ¾% -ending word. After compounding, the declension will be "V<#& 1/1,
3 "5 VŸ Œ
without )#j by 6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j & because of not being W`T ?.
Question #2: Why is “Q#”3 required to qualify )-"V-") t ?

Œ
3 replaced by ƒ#,3 the content of which is
Answer #2: In "#¾ 3, "V is Œ
t .
Question #3: In the >t"|, the word “ ” was brought in. How did it come?
Answer #3: ), "V, ") being Lˆd, L*t "V which precedes is understood. Making L*t "V
3
">\4Ø, Q# 3 and Ã% become ">\41ƒ. Between them VW ">"f is applied.
Question #4: As for the case when Q# 3 is followed by t Q# 3 in this sūtra, will 8.2.23
Œ
)!djv% Ÿ #j &˜ do the same job?
Answer #4: That is a "G %W` sūtra. It would create problems such as the following:
3 )5
9% %( +
9% %( 3 3 "5 VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
9% % 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ ˜
3
If the ) was elided by 8.2.23 )!djv% Ÿ #j &˜, 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ ˜ would not
work because of the ")^>÷ of the #j of ). 3
98
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ˜ ~ WŸ

3 the end of L%"V "W* and W is elided.
( at
6
L%"V "W*
(3
and W
1
#j
( 6/1 #j & 1/1 L%"V "W* 6/1 Ÿ 6/1˜ ~ WŸ 6/1

• ( 6/1 – ã®1È`-º*>n(<; 3 it should be understood as “(&” or “(*%9Ÿ”; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• #j & 1/1 – This is OW4\&.
• L%"V "W* 6/1 – ã®1È`-º*>n(<; 3 it should be understood as “L%"V "W*Ÿ”; this is adjective
to “ WŸ”.
• Ÿ 6/1 – )<%(%"f*9ƒ to (*%9Ÿ; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• WŸ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 8.1.16 WŸ˜; in >d>1È` to Ÿ and (&.
Here is the reason why ( and L%"V "W* are taken as ’ Ws3:
The main sentence of the sūtra is “(*%9Ÿ #j &”. Still, ( is not compounded with #j
as “(*%9Ÿ #j & (#j & (6T)” because (Ÿ is )<%(%"f*9ƒ to Ÿ. Just as in “(t Ÿ 9%<Ÿ )4V&”,
compounding 9%<Ÿ and )4V& is not possible.
3 at the end of what? WŸ. What kind of W? W which is L%"V "W*.
( is
3
a%#<(j9<% explains well the reason for interpretating ã®1È`.
t 2W< ˜3 O1?& 11% ã* 3 ˜ (*%9Ÿ #j & Ÿ%V Sˆ0
( S"V Û%(11 ! 0 3 ?& ˜ Ÿ S"V (*%9Ÿ ">\41ƒ< ˜3 V& º> n (Ÿ
">\41ƒ-)% ª 3 \]4( )<%)& ( p>"V )%<"%?V ˜3 VŸ
4 §%V #j &? S"V 4 %d%< 3 WŸ S"V "f*t V< 3 >d>11 < 3
ª "4 V
˜ WŸ d& d< 3 3V- >d>& dŸ (*%9Ÿ #j & S"V ˜ *`q\! W< S"V
3 4 %d%! L%"V "W* S"V ã®11 < 3
ª "4 V ˜
99
[LSK] L%"V "W*-)!U*< 1/1

3 dV 1/1
3 W< 1/1
3 VW Ÿ 6/1 (Ÿ 6/1 #j & 1/1 ˜
3
There is elision of ( which is end of the W which is termed L%"V "W*.
Note that “VW Ÿ” is 6T.
[LSK] )Y%É
)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 († 3 )_ ˜ ~ )–& $Ÿ )}^_
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $Ÿ
)Y%( 3 3 "5 VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
)Y% 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ˜ ~ WŸ
100
"5 6$%& S. .5
[ "VW4\)FG<]3 3 (%<Û%(< "ƒV

7.1.92 )–9)}^_ ˜ ~ $%V )>? 3 3
After )"Y-\], )>?(%<Û%( which is not )}"^ is treated as "ƒV. 3
5 1
)>?(%<Û%( other
)"Y
than )}"^
1
Like "ƒV 3
)–& 5/1 )}^_ 7/1 ˜ ~ $%V 5/1

3 )>?(%<Û%(< 1/1
3 "ƒV 1/1
3

• )–& 5/1 – In >F ? Æ<`.
• )}^_ 7/1 – This is adjective to )>?(%<Û%(<; 3 the 7th case is here to be understood as
1st case.
• 3
$%V 5/1 – From 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< took place.
• 3
)>?(%<Û%(< 1/1 3 (%<Û%( 4˜; ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< took place.
– From 7.1.86 SVjÔV )>?
• 3
"ƒV 1/1 From 7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV˜.3
[LSK] )–& 5/1 $%V 5/1

3 9< 1/1
3 )}"^-> <? 1/1
3 )>?(%<Û%(< 1/1
3 "ƒZV 03 Ÿ%V III/1
3 É
After $ which is )"Y, )>?(%<Û%( other than )}"^ should be like "ƒV. 3
)"Y + y
3 (%<Û%(< "ƒV
y being one of the )>?(%<Û%(, by 7.1.92 )–9)}^_ ˜ ~ $%V )>? 3 , 3 y will
3 the next sūtra.
be treated as "ƒV by
101
[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V ˜ ~ $Ÿ >t"^&

3
>t"^ takes place at the end of n-ending 3
$ when followed by "ÏV/"ƒV 3
-Lˆd.
6 7
$ n3 3
"ÏV/"ƒV 3
Lˆd
1
>t"^
n& 6/1 "üƒ"V 7/1 ˜ ~ $Ÿ 6/1 >t"^& 1/1

• n& 6/1 – Lˆ%Q%9 n; 3 this is ">\41ƒ to $Ÿ, thus VW ">"f is applied to make “ Ÿ
$Ÿ”; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3 üƒ_ (ID)˜üƒ_ SV_ dŸ )& "üƒV (116B)
3 ƒn
"üƒ"V 7/1 – Ï n 3 Lˆd&, V"µ(; 3 in 9)®<`.
• >t"^& 1/1 – This is OW4\&; Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ is required to decide which one of the three.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜.
[LSK] %$Ÿ 6/1 >t"^& 1/1 "Ï"V 7/1 "ƒ"V 7/1 n 0 94 7/1 ˜
3
>t"^ is the substitute in the place of the last letter of n-ending 3 "ƒV 3
$ when "ÏV or
suffix follows.
[LSK] )Y%d_ ˜
)"Y + y
)Y x + y 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V ˜ ~ $Ÿ >t"^&, with the help of "9p%1% 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜4 and
1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜.
3 y
)Y%d + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>&˜ ~ "n
[LSK] )Y%d& 1/3 ˜ Q4 )Y4 8/1 ˜ )Y%d< 2/1 3 ˜ )–% 3/1 ˜ )–4 4/1 É
3 ˜ )Y%d_ 2/2 ˜ )Y`( 2/3
See the chart for each declension.
4
3 understood clearly. [B] dG )%ª%V Û%(`
S*j vƒ>t^`˜ is not required here because Û%"(( is 3 ( "("W¯k&
“)%>?f%V*%0 ?f%V*dj&”, “")"n >t"^& -” Sˆ%W_, VGx>d4 ! "94Q%1% L>V?V,4 ( V “ nj "üƒ"V” Sˆ%W_, Û%"("(Wæ\%V ˜3
102
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.112 –ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ ˜ ~ †")†)j& V& hV )!

3 "QV%d%< 3
3
After – and ˆ, 3 that are results of dƒ-)"„,
3 3 replaced by h.
of †")5 and †) is
5 6
3 3
–/ˆ of †")/†) 3
1
h
–ˆ%V 5/1
3 9Ÿ 6/1 ˜ ~ †")5†)j& 6/2 V& 6/1 hV 1/1
3 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

• 3
–ˆ%V 35/1 – –& n ˆ& n –-ˆ< (SD), 3
Vµ%V˜;3 these s after – and 3
ˆ are for hÍ%9ƒ; – 3
3
and ˆ indicate 3
the forms after applying dƒ-)"„ on "Y, Y`, "V, or V`; in >F ? Æ<`.
• 9Ÿ 6/1 – This word is to indicate the end of "f*%9 by 6.1.84 º*& >F ? 9dj&˜. By 1.1.67
Vµ%"Wˆ|9Ÿ˜, the 5th case-ending word “–ˆ%V”3 can bring “ 9Ÿ/h|9Ÿ”. However,
“ 9Ÿ” is told in the sūtra in order to suggest the end of the "f*%9.
• 3 †")†)_ (ID), Vdj&˜; )}„4 1È` to V&.
†")5†)j& 6/2 – From 6.1.110 †")5†)j»˜; †")& n †) n
• V& 6/1 – From 6.1.109 º†& W% %W"V˜; ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< makes 7th case to 6th case.
• hV 3 1/1 – From 6.1.111 sV hV˜;3 this is OW4\.
[LSK] "Y-"V-\]%Á%< 5/2

3 Y`-V`-\]%Á%< 5/2 3 \%Á%< 5/2
3 *t V-dƒ-OW4 3 9Ÿ 6/1 †")5†)j& 6/2 V& 6/1 h& 1/1
˜
3 \, short
After "Y, "V, Y`, or V`, with dƒ-OW4 3 substituted by h.
of †")5 and †) is
[LSK] )–& 5/1, 6/1 ˜
)"Y + †")5
3
)– + )3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
3 h) 3
)– + 6.1.112 –ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ ˜ ~ †")5†)j& V& hV )!
3 "QV%d%< 3
)–& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 : ˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
103
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.118 yV ˜3 ~ S,-%< †4

3 &
3
"† () -Lˆd for 7/1) preceded by S is replaced by y
5 6
S/h "†
1
y
yV 1/1
3 ˜ ~ S,5Á%< 5/2
3 †4 & 6/1

• 3
yV 1/1 – This is OW4\, for "†.
• 3
S,5Á%< 5/2 3 in >F ? Æ<`; here in this sūtra, there is no example
– From 7.3.117 S,5Á%< ˜;
of h, thus only S is considered.
• †4 & 6/1 – From 7.3.116 †4 9%! (•% `Á&˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
[LSK] SV& 0 9Ÿ 6/1 †4 & 6/1 yV 1/1

3 ˜
y is the substitute in the place of "† which is after short S.

[LSK] )–_ 7/1 ˜
)"Y + "†
)"Y + y 7.3.118 yV ˜3 ~ S,-%< †4
3 &
3 y
)– + 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
)–_
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 Q"9>V 03 É
104
"5 6$%& S. .5
Declension of )"Y (S- -! 2)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

)"Y + ) 5 )"Y + y )"Y + ) 3
)Y( +3 ) 3 7.1.93 3 7.1.92
suffix is "ƒZV by 3 7.1.92
suffix is "ƒZV by
1 )Y%( +3 ) 3 6.4.8 )Y x + y 7.2.115 )Y x + ) 3 7.2.115
)Y%( 3 6.1.68 )Y%d_ 6.1.78 )Y%d& 6.1.78
)Y% 8.2.7
)"Y + ) 5
S1 )Y4 + ) 3 7.3.108 same as above same as above
)Y4 6.1.69
)"Y + < 3 )"Y + \) 3
3 7.1.92
suffix is "ƒZV by )Y`) 3 6.1.102
2 same as above
)Y x + < 3 7.2.115 )Y`( 3 6.1.103
)Y%d< 3 6.1.78
)"Y + ¾% )"Y + Á%< 3 )"Y + "p) 3
3
)–% 6.1.77 )"YÁ%< 3 )"Y"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"Y + †4 )"Y + Á) 3
4 same as above
)–4 6.1.77 )"YÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"Y + †")5
)– +3 ) 3 6.1.77
3 h) 3 6.1.112
)– +
)–& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"Y + u) 3 )"Y + O< 3
)– +3 u) 3 6.1.77 3
)"Y + ( O< 3 7.1.54
6 same as above )–j& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )Y` + (%< 3 6.4.3
)Y`(%< 3
)"Y + "† )"Y + ) 3

7 )"Y + y 7.3.118 same as above )"Y1 8.3.59
)–_ 6.1.77
105
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V
["(d<)FG<]3 1.4.8 "V& )<%) º> ˜ ~ "T

As for "V-\6, "T-)!U% is given only when in compound.
"V& 1/1 )<%)4 7/1 º> 0 ˜ ~ "T 1/1

• "V& 1/1 – This is )!U`.
• )<%)4 7/1 – In "f*9ƒ4 )®<`.
• º> 0 – This º>*%9 indicates that this sūtra is "(d<)FG; )!U% should be limited to "V in
)<%)5.
• "T 1/1 – This is )!U%.
This is "(d<)FG. Even without this sūtra, "V in )<%) would have gained "T-)!U% by
1.4.7 \41j *)"Y˜. Still, this sūtra is started to teach that what is not said in this sūtra is
excluded. This is said by the >%½ “")^4 )"V O9i<%(& "(d<%d˜“. What should be understood
by this "(d<)FG is that "V which is not in )<%) does not gain "T-)!U%. For more information
on "(d<)FG, see the appendix of Volume 1.
[LSK] "T-)!U& 1/1 ˜

"V should be termed "T only in )<%). If not in )<%), "T-)!U% is not given.
[LSK] ˆ& 5/1, 6/1 ¹ ˜ ˆ_ 7/1 ˜ \41< 1/1

3 Q"9>V 03 ˜
"V, when not in compound, does not gain "T-)!U%. Thus ">"f)FGs that require "T-)!U%
3
are not applicable. n-)"„s are applied instead.
"V + †")5
3
ˆ+ )3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
3 h) 3
ˆ+ 6.1.112 –ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ ˜ ~ †")5†)j& V& hV )!
3 "QV%d%< 3
ˆ& 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 : ˜, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
5
This "(d< is to tell that "T-)!U% is for "V in )<%) only, not for “)<%) ending with "V”. To make this
point clear, º> is used. For pF "V, the entire word gets "T-)!U%.
106
"5 6$%& S. .5
"V + "†
"V + y 7.3.118 yV ˜3 ~ S,-%< †4
3 &
3 y
ˆ+ 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
ˆ_
The rest is like Q"9.
Declension of "V (S- -! 3)
Non-"T-)!U*-S*%9% - "5 6$\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1
2
"V + ¾%
3
ˆ% 6.1.77
"V + †4
4
ˆ4 6.1.77
"V + †")5
ˆ+ 3 ) 3 6.1.77
5
3 h) 3 6.1.112
ˆ+
ˆ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
6 same as above
"V + "†
7 "V + y 7.3.118
ˆ_ 6.1.77
The shaded area is like )"Y.
The rest declines like Q"9.
[LSK] )<%)4 7/1 V 0 “pF Vd4 4/1“˜

Whereas, in compound, "V gains "T-)!U% and declines like Q"9 all the way.
107
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) *"V
The fourth S*%9% -L%"V "W* is *"V. A distinguishing feature of this L%"V "W* is being
ending with 2"V, a V"^V-Lˆd denoting measurement.
3 % S"V *"V ˜ “What is the number of this (how many)?” is *"V.
*% Ÿ )†–
3 2"V
"*< + 3 % "9<%ƒ4 2"V n ˜
5.2.41 "*<& )†–
* 3 + "V 6.4.143 ¾4 & ˜ ~ pŸ "2"V #j &
By being V"^V% , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜
[LSK] *"V-\]& 1/1 "(ˆ< 03 ab>n(% & 1/1É

*"V declines always in plural.
*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3Áj ã* 3 ˜ ~ \)j&
Six sūtras are introduced in the declension of *"V.

3 %-)!U% is given to 2"V-ending word by 1.1.23 ab-vƒ->V-2"V )†–
1. )†– 3 %˜
2. 1¾ 3-)!U% also is given to 2"V-ending word 1.1.25 2"V n ˜ ~ 1¾ 3

3. 3
) and 3
\) get ã* 3 elision when preceded by 1¾ 3-)!U*- $ by 7.1.22 12 3Áj ã* 3 ˜
4. ã*-3 )!U% is defined by 1.1.61 LˆdŸ ã*-3 7-ã & ˜ ~ W\?(< 3
5. Suffix, even after its elision, can still be "("<| for another ">"f by 1.1.62 Lˆd#j 4
Lˆd#ªƒ< ˜3
6. However, that is negated if the ">"f is for modification on $.
108
"5 6$%& S. .5
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.23 abvƒ>V2"V )å–% ˜

3 %.
ab-\], vƒ-\], >V-5 Lˆd-ending word, and 2"V-Lˆd-ending word are termed )†–
ab-vƒ->V-2"V 1/1 )†–

3 % 1/1˜

• ab-vƒ->V-2"V 1/1 – This is )!U`; ab& n vƒ& n >V& n 2"V& n abvƒ>V2"V (SD)˜; ab and vƒ are
L%"V "W*s; >V 5 6 and 2"V are Lˆds; by ( ´) Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ<˜,3 >V-5 ending and 2"V-ending
words are understood; here, ( ´) )!U%">f_ Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ! (%" ˜ does not work.
• 3 % 1/1 – This is )!U%.
)†–
3 %-)!U% is used in the sense of natural ( *t "G<) meaning as well as

In )!U%LW4\, )†–
artificial (*t "G<) meaning. 7
3 %-)!U% = º*, "Z, "G, etc., words denoting numbers
Natural ( *t "G<) meaning of )†–
3 %-)!U% = ab, vƒ, >V-5 ending, and 2"V-ending words
Artificial (*t "G<) meaning of )†–
3 % ˜ extends the meaning of the word )†–

This sūtra 1.1.23 abvƒ>V2"V )†– 3 % from
*t "G< to *t "G<.8
6
3 VÁ
>V 5 is V"^VLˆd taught by 5.2.39 dV-VW4 4 & "9<%ƒ4 >V 5 ˜3 to make d%>V, 3 V%>V, 3 and ºV%>V. 3
7
Generally, there is Ñ%d (logic) stating “*t "G<%*t "G<dj& *t "V<4 *%d?)L! ˆd&˜”, artificial name is
understood in sūtras. However, this Ñ%d is not applicable in the case of )!–%-)!U%, as seen in )!U%LW4\
as U% * as follows:
abf%, vƒf%, V%>^%, *"Vf%, Æf%, etc. by 5.3.42 )å–%d% ">f%0æ f% ˜
ab*t §&, vƒ*t §&, V%>%t §&, *"V*t §&, Æ*t §&, etc. 5.4.17 )å–%d%& "Hd%ÔÁ%>t"|vƒ( 4 *t §)n ˜3
8
ºV³FG<"VW4\%08 dWd<)Ì%! )Ì4ˆ%Q ˜ [M Bh]
109
3 %-)!U% is prerequisite for 1¾ 3-)!U% defined in the next two sūtras. The first one is
)†–
introduced later in #T")^% *_<W`.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.24 % % 1¾ 3 ˜ ~ )†–

3 %
3
1-ending 3
and (-ending words denoting number are termed 1¾ 3.
% %& 1/3 1¾ 1/1 3 % 1/1

3 ˜ ~ )†–
• 3 (n
% %& 1/3 – 1 n _ (ID)˜ _ _ dŸ%& V%& 3
% %& (116B)˜; those which end with 1 or
(; 3 adjective to )†– 3
3 %. Note that ( becomes 3 8.4.2 with 1 as
ƒ by 3 "("<|.
• 3 % 1/1 – This word is #j*L")^ )†–

)†– 3 %, the word used in the natural language,
denoting numbers.
• 1¾ 3 1/1 – This is )!U%.
3 ( are
3 % which end with 1 or
L%"V "W*s called )†– 3 3
six: Æ( (5), 3
11 (6), 3
)®( (7), 3
k( (8),
3
(>( (9), 3
and W$ (10). They are termed 1¾ 3 by this sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.25 2"V n ˜ ~ 1¾ 3

2"V-Lˆd-ending word is also termed 1¾ 3.
2"V 1/1 n 0˜ ~ 1¾ 1/1

3
• 2"V 1/1 – This is )!U`. By ( ´) Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ<˜,3 2"V-ending word is understood. Here,
in order to make sense, ( ´) )!U%">f_ Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ! (%" ˜ does not work.
• n 0 – This connects to the previous sūtra 1.1.26 % % 1¾ 3 ˜ and brings 1¾ 3 down.
• 1¾ 3 1/1 – This is )!U%; from 1.1.26 % % 1¾ 3 ˜.
[LSK] 2"V- % 1/1 )å–%1/1 1¾ 3-)!U% 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1

3 É
2"V-Lˆd-ending )å–%word is termed 1¾ 3.
Now, *"V is termed )å–%and 1¾ 3 by these sūtras.
110
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.22 12 3Áj ã* 3 ˜ ~ $j&

3
There is ã*-elision 3
of ) and 3
\) when 1¾ 3-)!U* word precedes.
5 6
1¾ 3 3
)/\) 3
1
ã* 3
12 3Á& 5/3 ã* 3 1/1 ˜ ~ \)j& 6/2

• 12 3Á& 5/3 – L%"V "W* is 11. 3 By W% - 3
§, the last 1 becomes 3
2 3 and further ¾ 3 by n§?. 11 is
)!U% defined by 1.1.24 % % 1¾ 3 ˜ and 1.1.25 2"V n ˜; in >F ? Æ<`.
• ã* 3 1/1 This is OW4\; definition of ã*-3 )!U% is done by the next sūtra.
• 3 \) n
\)j& 6/2 ) n 3 \)_ (ID), Vdj&˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
[LSK] \)j& 6/2É

3
There is ã*-elision 3
in the place of ) and 3
\) when 1¾ 3 is preceding.
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] 1¾ 3-)!U*4 Á& 5/3 9dj& 6/2 \)j& 6/2 ã* 3 1/1 Sˆ0&? 1/1É
*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3Áj ã* 3 ˜ ~ \)j&
Unlike #j -elision, there is no need to determine which letter of the suffix is to be
elided because ã*-3 elision is to elide the whole suffix. This is taught in the next sūtra.
111
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.61 LˆdŸ ã9ã & ˜ ~ W\?(< 3

Elision of suffix is termed ã*,3 7, and ã . 3
LˆdŸ 6/1 ã*-3 7-ã & 1/3 ˜ ~ W\?(< 1/1

3

• LˆdŸ 1/1 – in )}„1È` connected to W\?(<. 3
• ã*-3 7-ã & 1/3 – This is )!U%; ã* 3 n 7 n ã n
3 ã*-3 7--ã & (ID)˜.
• 3
W\?(< 1/1 – From 1.1.60 W\?( ! #j &˜; this is )!U%.
3 -ã -\]x
[LSK] ã*-7 3 & 3/3 *t V< 1/1
3 Lˆd- W\?(< 1/1
3 H<%V 03 V|³!U< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 É
The elision of suffix done by the word “ã*”3 , “7”, and “ã ”3 is termed by each name
respectively.
Note that #j is a )!U% denoting elision in general. Under the general category of #j ,
there is a specific category which ã*,3 7, ã are
3 in, which is the elision of an entire Lˆd.
W\?( in general (#j )
W\?( in particular
W\?( of entire Lˆd (ã*,3 7, ã )3
ã*,3 7, and ã are

3 meant only for Lˆd, and they elide all the letters of the Lˆd.
#j can elide any entity ( $, f%V, Lˆd, etc.) and it elides only one letter with the
help of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜, unless the area of elision is specified (such as ¾4 & #j &).
Three different names, ã*,3 7, and ã are

3 given to the same elision of Lˆd. This is
because there are three different types of effects which will take place after the elision. For
example, after 7-elision, there should be "Z§, reduplication. A L%"V "W* whose derivation
3
involves ã -elision declines in a certain manner. Generally, no special effect takes place
3
after ã*-elision except for a few rare conditions. The following shows some examples.
112
"5 6$%& S. .5
1) ã* 3
3 ¿V + ) 5
9%< + †) + 2.2.8 1È` ˜ ~ )<%)& V¨Ë1&, 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
9%< + ¿V 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
9%<¿V
3
Generally, after ã*-elision, ã* 3 does not become a cause for the next effect.
However, there are a few instances where ã* 3 becomes the cause for another effect.
+ #¾ 3 3.2.123 >V?<%( 4 #¾ 3 ˜ ~ Lˆd& f%Vj& 9»
+ "V 3 3.4.78 "V®"{ ...˜ ~ #Ÿ
3 "V
+\ + 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ ˜3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
+ "V 2.4.72 "WLpt"VÁ& \ & ˜ ~ ã* 3
_ + "V 7.3.89 hVj >t"^ã?"* Q"# ˜ ~ )%>?f%V*4 " "V ( Á%)Ÿ
When ã* 3 occurs, there is >t"^ of h*%9 which is followed by Q#%"W " V )%>?
3 f%V*, if the
f%V is not reduplicated.
2) 7
7-elision of Lˆd necessarily causes "Z§ of f%V which is L*t "V of the Lˆd.
3 "V
b+\ + 3
3.2.123 >V?<%( 4 #¾ 3˜, 3.4.78 "V®)…˜, 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ ˜3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
b + "V 2.4.75 Qjˆ%"WÁ& 7&˜ ~ \ &
b + b + "V 6.1.10 7_ ˜ ~ º*n& Z4 L0<Ÿ
+ Qj + "V Á%)*%d%?"ƒ, $*%d%?"ƒ n˜
3) ã 3
When a suffix is elided by ã , 3 the >t"| (L*t "V + Lˆd) takes the gender and number of
L*t "V.
*£ƒ%! "(>%)& ( W& *9>&
3
*Ë + O< + ƒ3 4.2.69 VŸ "(>%)&˜ ~ ƒ 3
*Ë + ƒ3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj&˜ ~ ã* 3
*Ë 4.2.81 ( W4 ã ˜3
The word *Ë is used in plural, following the gender and number of L*t "V by 1.2.51
ã" dŒ>W 3 ’"Œ>n( 4 ˜.
113
[ "9p%1%)FG<]3 1.1.62 Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ<˜3

Elided Lˆd is still a cause for a change.
Lˆd-#j 4 7/1 Lˆd-#ªƒ< 1/1

3 ˜
2 words in the )FG. (>t"| is not required.

• Lˆd-#j 4 7/1 – LˆdŸ #j & Lˆd#j & (6T), V"µ(˜;3 remember that #j includes ã*,3 7, and
ã ; 3 in )"V)®<`.
• 3 "("<|! dŸ VV Lˆd#ªƒ<
Lˆd-#ªƒ< 3 1/1 – Lˆd& #ª< = 3 3 *%d?< (116B);
= 3 an effect which is
caused by the suffix.
[LSK] Lˆd4 7/1 ã®4 7/1 ()"V 7/1) VV (Lˆd)-O"cV<

3 1/1
3 *%d?< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
When there is elision of suffix, an effect which depends on that suffix should take
place.
Note that the whole suffix has to be elided for this sūtra to take effect.
[LSK] S"V 0 “ ") n (7.3.109)” S"V 0 vƒ4 7/1 L%®4 7/1É

By 1.1.62 Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ<˜,3 the ) Lˆd,
3 which is elided, is still a cause for an
3
effect. Then the situation in which the ) causes vƒ to $ by 7.3.109 ") n ˜ ~ áoŸ vƒ& is
L%®, possible. This is to be negated by the next sūtra.
114
"5 6$%& S. .5
["(14f)FG<]3 1.1.63 ( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ ˜ ~ Lˆd#ªƒ< 3

3 7/ã cannot
Lˆd elided by ã*/ 3 be the cause for a change in $.
( 0 ã<V% 3/1 $Ÿ 6/1 ˜ ~ Lˆd#ªƒ< 1/1

3
3 words in the )FG. 1 word as (>t"|

• ( 0 – Negating .
• ã<V% 3/1 – ã& Ÿ " S"V ã<%(, 3 that which has ã, namely ã*,3 7, ã (ã
3 + <V 5 ),3 V4(˜: in
*9ƒ4 VtV`d%.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – In )}„1È` to Lˆd#ªƒ<; 3 “an effect of $ caused by suffix”.
• Lˆd#ªƒ< 3 1/1 – From the previous sūtra.
3 Lˆd4 7/1) ã®4 7/1 V"©"<|< 1/1

[LSK] ã<V% 3/1 \]4( 3/1 (d"µ( 7/1 3 $*%d?< 1/1
3 ( 0 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
When a suffix is elided by elision which has ã in its name, an effect which depends
on that suffix should not take place.
*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3Áj ã* 3 ˜ ~ \)j&
By 1.1.62 Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ<˜,3 the elided ) can
3 be the cause for vƒ by 7.3.109 ")
n˜. However, this is negated by 1.1.63 ( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ ˜ because ã* 3 is ã<V and
3 the effect vƒ is
$*%d? caused by the suffix elided by the ã<V. 3
[LSK] *"V ¹ ˜ *"V"p& ˜ *"VÁ& ¹ ˜ *V`(%< ˜3 *"V1 ˜

3
) and 3
\) are elided by 7.1.22 12 3Áj ã* 3 ˜ ~ \)j&. Other forms are as usual.
[LSK] d W 3- µW 3-1¾ 3-)!U*%& "G1 )£ %& É
d W 3, µW 3, 1¾ 3-)!U*-\]s ( Æ(, 3 11, 3 )®(, 3 k(, 3 (>( W\(
3 , 3 and 2"V-ending word) decline
in the same manner in all three genders.
[LSK "¾ßƒ` :] "5 6${G`"#$( )
! *"#$41 )<%(£ %&; d0% – *"V Ë1%&? *"V "{Gd&? *"V è#%"(? Sˆ%"W É
115
Declension of *"V (S- -! 4)

1¾ 3-)!U*-S*%9% - "5 6$\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
*"V + ) 3
1
*"V 7.1.22
S1 same as above
2 same as above
3 *"V"p&
4 *"VÁ&
5 *"VÁ&
6 *V`(%< 3
7 *"V1
The shaded area is 1¾ 3-)!U%-*%d?.

116
"5 6$%& S. .5
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) "G
[LSK] "G-\]& 1/1 "(ˆ< 03 ab>n(% & 1/1É

"G declines always in plural.
"G means three. This \] declines differently in three genders.
Declension of "G (S- -! 5)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 Gd&
S1 same as above
2 G`( 3
3 "G"p&
4 "GÁ&
5 same as above
6 Gd%ƒ%< 3 7.1.53
7 "G1
In 6/3, there is special sūtra only for "G.

3 ˜ "G"p& 3/3 ˜ "GÁ& ¹ 4/3, 5/3É

[LSK] Gd& 1/3 ˜ G`( 2/3
"G + ) 3
G4 + ) 3 7.3.109 ") n ˜ ~ áoŸ vƒ&
3
Gd + )3 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>&˜ ~ "n
To attain the form in 6/3, the next sūtra is required.
117
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.53 G4•d& ˜ ~ O"<

3
"G is replaced by Gd when O< follows.
6 7
"G O< 3
1
Gd
G4& 6/1 Gd& 1/1 ˜ ~ O"< 7/1

• G4& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is "G; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• Gd& 1/1 – This is OW4\
• O"< 7/1 – From 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & )¾ 3˜; in 9)®<`.
[LSK] "G-\]Ÿ 6/1 Gd-OW4\& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1

3 O"< 7/1 ˜
3
Gd is the substitute in the place of "G when O< follows.
4 %"ò³>?Ÿ ˜ is required.
"9p%1% 1.1.54 (*
[LSK] Gd%ƒ%< 6/3
3 ˜ "G1 7/3 ˜
"G + O< 3
Gd + O< 3 4 %"ò³>?Ÿ ˜
7.1.53 G4•d& ˜ ~ O"< with the help of 1.1.54 (*
3
Gd + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O<&
Gd% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ $Ÿ W`T&?
Gd% + ƒ%< 3 8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜
[LSK] v_ƒ§4 7/1 " 0
"LdGd%ƒ%< 6/3
3 ˜
Even when "G is in v_ƒ, Lf%(, h ) (? , secondary meaning, this sūtra is applicable.
118
"5 6$%& S. .5
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) "Z
"Z, two, is listed in )>%?"Wvƒ. This L%"V "W* declines in three genders, but only in dual.
The declension is like -ending because of the next sūtra.
Declension of "Z (S- -! 6)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 Z_
2 same as above
3 Z%Á%< 3
4 same as above
5 same as above
6 Zdj&
7 same as above
There is no )}jf(.
119
[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<& ˜ ~ ">pŒ_

is the replacement for the last letter of ˆW 3 etc., when ">p"Œ follows.
6 7
ˆW%"W ">p"Œ
ˆW%W`(%< 6/3
3 & 1/1 ˜ ~ ">pŒ_ 7/1
• 3 a group of )>?(%< starting from ˆW 3,
ˆW%W`(%< 36/3 – ˆW 3 O"W& d41%! V4 ˆW%Wd& (116B), V41%< ˜;
and up to "Z, which is told in the next >%"V?*; ˆW%"Wvƒ consists of these eight L%"V "W*s:
ˆW 3, VW 3, dW 3, ºVW 3, SW<, 3 W), 3 º*, and "Z.
• & 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• ">pŒ_ 7/1 – From 7.2.84 k( O ">pŒ_ ˜; ">p"Œ is )!U% defined by 1.4.104 ">p"Œ» ˜ ~ "V†&
) &; in 9)®<`.
[LSK] º1%< 6/3

3 (= ˆW%W`(%< 6/3
3 ) *%9& 1/1 (= & 1/1) ">pŒ_ 7/1 ˜
is the substitute in the place of the last letter of ˆW%"Wvƒ when conjugational or
declensional suffix follows.
120
"5 6$%& S. .5
For ˆW%"Wvƒ, beginning (O"W) is specified as ˆW 3, but the end ( ;? ) is not specified.
The next >%"V?* clears this point.
(>%"V?*<)3 "Z ;? %(%<4>"4 k& ˜

ˆW%"Wvƒ is desired for the group up to "Z.
"Z- ;? %(%< 6/3

3 º> 0 S"k& 1/1˜
3 words in the >%"V?*.

• 3 a group of words whose ending
"Z- ;? %(%< 3 6/3 – "Z ;? ! d41%! V4 "Z ;? %& (116B), V41%< ˜;
is "Z.
• º> 0 – alone.
• S"k& 1/1 – desired.
By this sūtra, members of ˆW%"Wvƒ are limited to eight L%"V "W*s in )>%?"Wvƒ, which
are ˆW 3, VW 3, dW 3, ºVW 3, SW<, 3 W), 3 º*, and "Z.
3 ˜ and this sūtra
ˆW%"Wvƒ is used in sūtras such as 3.2.60 ˆW%"W1 q\jÔ(%#jn( 4 *Ï n
7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<&˜.
[LSK] Z_ 1/2, 2/2 ¹ ˜

"Z + y
Z+y 7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<& ˜ ~ ">pŒ_
Z_ ? >ƒ?&˜ is L%®, which is negated by 6.1.104 (%"W"n ˜.
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ˜ ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
[LSK] Z%Á%< 3/2,

3 4/2, 5/2 ˜ Zdj& 6/2, 7/2 ¹ ˜
In the same manner, by 7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<& ˜, "Z declines like *%9% L%"V "W*.
121
Now, the section of [-ending masculine starts.

There are ten types of [-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.
Summary of [*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`
# L%"V "W*< 3 (W`- Origin of [ at >F ? W< 3 $< 3 ">14\& 3

dƒ/Sd† 3
)!U*< 3 the end
1 ` No y(%"W*-Lˆd& - - - 3
dƒ (6.1.77)
2 abc4d)` Yes †`-Lˆd& - - - 3

dƒ (6.1.77)
3 "V#e` Yes y(%"W*-Lˆd& - - - 3

dƒ (6.1.77)
4 Lf` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& v"V& 4 %n 3

(* - 3
dƒ (6.4.82)
5 ¥%<ƒ` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& *%9*< 3 4 %n 3

(* (`-f%V- 3
dƒ (6.4.82)
\]&
6 (` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& - º*%n 3 - Sd† 3 (6.4.77)
(6) h©` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& - º*%n 3 f%§>d>)! Sd† 3 (6.4.77)

? &
djv >F *
7 )c`, d>H` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& v"V&, *%9*< 3 4 %n 3

(* f%§>d>)!dj Sd† 3 (6.4.77)
? & S>ƒ?&
v >F *
8 \^f` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& v"V*%9*-SV9V 3 4 %n 3

(* - Sd† 3 (6.4.77)
by (>%.)
9 )f` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& v"V& 4 %n 3

(* being Sd† 3 (6.4.77)
“)f`” by 6.4.85
10 )Y`, )V` No f%V- >d>-[*%9& not )<%) 4 %n 3

(* 6.1.112 3
dƒ (6.4.82)
–ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ
˜ ~ hV 3
†")†)j&
122
"5 6$%& [. .5
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) `
[LSK] %"V III/1 #j*< 2/1

3 S"V 0 `& 1/1 )Fd&? 1/1 É
One who protects the world is `, another name for )Fd.?
% 9ªƒ4 (2P) to protect + [ (h´) 3.159 d% j& "*W 3 Z4 n ˜ ~ [&

% %+[ (h´) 3.159 d% j& "*W 3 Z4 n ˜ ~ [&
%+[ 7.4.59 áo& ˜ ~ Á%)Ÿ
3 [
+ 6.4.64 OVj #j S"¾ n ˜
`
3
` + )5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
` + Ë5 8.2.66 )) 1j Ë5 : ˜
`& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ˜
Note that 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜ has been already studied under ">P %-\]. Instead of
? >ƒ?W`T ? can be studied.
repeating the sūtra, this summary of "(14f of >F )
? >ƒ?W`T ? is negated under three conditions told in two sūtras:
>F )
1) When >ƒ? is followed by Sn, 3 by 6.1.104 ( 0 OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 ˜ ~ >F )
? >ƒ?& 1/1 W`T ?& 1/1
5 7
>ƒ? Sn 3
2) When W`T ? is followed by Sn, 3 by 6.1.105 W`T%?V 5/1

3 ( ") 7/1) n 0˜ ~ ( 0 >F )
? >ƒ?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 S"n 7/1
5 7
W`T ? Sn 3
3) When W`T ? is followed by of ), 3 by 6.1.105 W`T%?V 5/1

3 ") 7/1 n 0˜ ~ ( 0 >F )
? >ƒ?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1
(S"n 7/1)
5 7
W`T ? )3
123
[LSK] ä_ 1/2, 2/2 ¹ ˜

`+y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 ˜
? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜ (W`T ? [ is followed by Sn)3
ä_ 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n˜
[LSK] ä& 1/3 ˜

`+ )3
? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜ (W`T ? [ is followed by ))3
3
ä+ )3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n˜
ä& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] Q4 `& S1/1 ˜

Since this is not áo-ending, 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ&˜ ~ )}^_ does not apply. The same
L"Hd% as 1/1.
[LSK] `< 2/1

3 ˜ 3 ˜ ä% 3/1 ˜
`( 2/3 `Á%< 3/2,
3 4/2, 5/2 ˜ `"p& 3/3 ˜ ä4 4/1 ˜ `Á& 4/3, 5/3 ¹ ˜ ä&
5/1, 6/1
¹ ˜ äj& 6/2˜
See the declension chart for the £ ")"^.
? %V 5/1
[LSK] W`T§ 3 ( 0 (¾ 1/1
3 , ä%< 6/3
3 ˜
` + O< 3
3 O< 3
ä+ 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n˜
[LSK] †_ 7/1 V 0 )>ƒ?W`T&? 1/1, ` 7/1 ˜

` + "†
` 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜
[LSK] äj& 7/2 ˜ `1 7/3 ˜
124
"5 6$%& [. .5
Declension of ` ([- -! 1)
(y(%"W*-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9% "5 6$-\]&)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

` + )5 `+y `+ )3
`Ë5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated
1 `& 8.3.15 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
ä_ 6.1.77 ä) 3 6.1.77
ä& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
`+ <3 ` + \) 3
2 `< 3 6.1.107 same as above `) 3 6.1.102
`( 3 6.1.103
` + ¾% ` + Á%< 3 ` + "p) 3
3
ä% 6.1.77 `Á%< 3 `"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
` + †4 ` + Á) 3
4 same as above
ä4 6.1.77 `Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
` + †")5
ä& 6.1.77
` + u) 3 ` + O< 3
6 same as above
äj& 6.1.77 ä%< 3 6.1.77
` + "† `+) 3
7 same as above
` 6.1.101 `1 8.3.59
[LSK] º>< 03 >%VL<`-OWd& 1/3 ˜

>%VL<` etc., declines in the same manner, as the one which ends with yƒ%"W*-[-Lˆd.
>%V! L"<<`V4, one who measures the wind, S"V >%VL<` P& ˜
3 L + <%† 3 <%( 4 (3A) to measure + [
>%V + < + (h´) 4.1 >%VL<`& ˜ ~ [&
>%V + L + <% + [ 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
3 [
>%V + L + < + 6.4.64 OVj #j S"¾ n ˜
>%VL<`
125
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) abc4d)`
[LSK] a=& 1/3 c4dŸ& 1/3 dŸ 6/1 )& 1/1 abc4d)` 1/1 É
One who has many good things/ladies.
ab + †`1 3 3 Gd%< 3
4.1.45 a>%"WÁ» ˜ ~ †`1 "{
a>` 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜
3 †` 3
c4d) + 3 Gd%< 3
4.1.6 h"vV»˜ ~ †` "{
c4d)`
3 c4d)` + ) 3
a>` + ) + 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜ ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
a>` + c4d)` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
ab + c4d)` 6.3.34 "{Gd%& >! W 3 p%"1V ! %W(F† 3 )<%(%"f*9ƒ4 "{Gd%< 9F ƒ`"Ld%"W1 ˜ ~ h|9 W4
The last [ does not become áo by 1.2.48 vj"{GdjË ) (? Ÿ˜ because of "(14f by (>%´)
[d)j ab `Q4("æ V >%?< ˜3 ~ áo&
abc4d)`
abc4d)` + ) 5 1/1
abc4d)` 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 Q# 3 Ã%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
3
Being †`( )-ending 3 "VŸ Œ
word, and ending with W`T,? 6.1.68 Q# 3 Ã%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ is
applied.
abc4d)` + y 1/2
abc4dŸ_ 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜, 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜
abc4d)` + ) 1/3
3
abc4dŸ& 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜, 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜
abc4d)` + ) 5 S1/1
Now, the declension in )}"^ requires (W`-)!U%, which is defined in the next sūtra.
126
"5 6$%& [. .5
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.3 dF +%–_ (W` ˜

Long [/l-ending "(ˆ{G`"#$ words are termed (W`.
dF 1/2 {G`-O–_ 1/2 (W` 1/1 ˜

3 words in the )FG; no (>t"| is required.
• dF 1/2 – [ n l n dF (ID)˜; [ + l = dF by 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜; 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n˜ does not apply
because of @%A); this is adjective to {G`-O–_; with VW ">"f, it is understood as [W , [-
ending and lW , l-ending.
• 3
{G`-O–_ 1/2 – This is )!U`; "{Gd< Onª%V4 3
= {G` + O† 3 + –% + * (*V?"9 *t V-Lˆd) = +%–_,
those which denote feminine; the meaning is "(ˆ-{G`"#$-\].
• (W` 1/1 – This is )!U%; this is artificial name.
[LSK] [¿W _ 1/2 "(ˆ{G`"#$_ 1/2 (W`)!U_ 1/2 & 1/2 ˜

Long [/l-ending words which are always in feminine are termed (W`.
For example, (W`, *%#`, *GÇ, pv>V`, pF, etc. are "(ˆ{G`"#$\]s which end with [ and l.
¥%<ƒ` (¥%< + (` + "ç ),3 Y# F (Y# + F + "ç )3 can be masculine as well as feminine.
These words are not "(ˆ{G`"#$\]s.
As for abc4d)`, this is not a {G`"#$ word. How, then, does it gain (W`-)!U%? This is
because of the next vārtika:
127
(>%"V?*<)3 L0<"#$¥Qƒ! n ˜
Even when a "(ˆ{G`"#$\] became v_ƒ and changed its "#$ due to being in a )<%),
the )<%) word is treated as (W`)!U*.
L0<"#$¥Qƒ< 1/1
3 n0 ˜
2 words in the >%"V?*

• L0<"#$¥Qƒ< 3 1/1 – L0<Ÿ )<%)%"W>t"|L>t|&4 >F 8 L>t|Ÿ "#$& L0<"#$& (6T)˜ VŸ L0<"#$Ÿ
3
¥Qƒ< L0<"#$¥Qƒ< 3
(6T)˜; taking the gender of the original word before compounding.
• n 0 – Connecting the topic of (W`-)!U%.
? 03 +%–Ÿ 6/1 h ) (? §4 7/1 "

[LSK] >F < 0
(W`§< 1/1
3 >Œ’< 1/1
3 Sˆ0&? 1/1 ˜
For a word originally "(ˆ{G`\], even when it becomes h ) (? (v_ƒ), it is still (W`.
This has to be said.
By this vārtika, abc4d)` is considered to be (W`-)!U* word even though it is a

masculine word.
(W`*%d?s in declension are as follows:
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1 7.3.107 }%0(? •já?o& ˜
4 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V
5 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V
6 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜
7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜
7
7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V
128
"5 6$%& [. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.107 }%0 ?(•já?o& ˜ ~ )}^_ $dj&

áo takes place on $ which ends with a word whose meaning is mother, or (W`-
)!U* word when )}"^ follows.
6 7
$ ? (W`
}%0/ )}"^
1
áo
}- 0-? (•j& 6/2 áo& 1/1 ˜ ~ )}^_ 7/1 $dj& 6/2

• }- 0-? (•j& 6/2 – }% 0&? dŸ )& }%0&? , a word whose meaning is mother, (116B) ˜
}%0&? n (W` n }%0 ?(•_ (ID), Vdj&˜; this is ">\41ƒ to $dj&, the dual form of "f*%9)FG
6.4.1 $Ÿ˜, thus VW ">"f is applied to make “ }%0 ?- - $Ÿ” and “(W`- - $Ÿ”.
• áo& 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• )}^_ 7/1 – From 7.3.106 )}^_ n ˜; )}"^ is )!U% given to ) 5 in )}jf( by 2.3.49 º*>n(!
)}"^&˜; in 9)®<`.
• $dj& 6/2 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`; >n("> "9ƒ%< is made to match
with }- 0 ?-(•j& 6/2.
[LSK] )}^_ 7/1 ˜

áo is the substitute in the place of the last letter of }%0 ?-ending or (W`-ending $,
when )}"^ follows.
[LSK] Q4 abc4d") S1/1 ˜
abc4d)` + ) 5 S1/1
abc4d") + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? •já?o&˜ ~ )}^_ $dj&
abc4d") 3 ^4& ˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 ºåáo%V )}
See the declension chart for £ ")"^ in 2/1 to 3/3.
129
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V $%V 3

3
O¾ 3 Ov< is attached to "†V-Lˆd when preceded by (W`-ending $.
5 7
(W`-ending $ 3
"†V-Lˆd
1
O¾ 3
Ov<
O¾ 1/1
3 (•%& 5/1 ˜ ~ "†"V 7/1 $%V 5/1
3

• O¾ 3 1/1 – This is Ov<; being "¾V, 3 this Ov< becomes O"W- >d> of what is told in the 6th
case in the sūtra by 1.1.46 O• _ ¾"*V_˜.
• (•%& 5/1 – (W`-)!U* word; this is adjective to $%V, 3 thus VW ">"f is applied, making
“(W`-)!U*- %V 3 $%V”.3
• 3
"†"V 7/1 – † 3 SV dŸ 3
)& "†V (116B), V"µ(˜;3 since this sūtra does not have 6th case-ending
3 7th case-ending word is taken as 6th case-
word, by ( ´) hpd"(Wæ\ 4 Æ<`"(Wæ\j a#`d%( ˜,
ending word.
• $%V 35/1 – From "f*%9 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; by ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< it changes to 5th case-ending;
>F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] (W`- %V 5/1

3 941%< 6/3
3 "†V%< 6/3
3 O¾ 3-Ov<& 1/1 ˜
3
O¾ 3-Ov< is attached to "†V-Lˆds after (W`-ending $.
abc4d)` + †4
abc4d)` + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V $%V 3
Whenever O¾ 3-Ov< comes before n, 3 the next sūtra should be applied.
130
"5 6$%& [. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ "n >t"^& º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3

When O¾ 3-Ov< is followed by n, 3 >t"^ is the substitute for the two.
5 7
O¾ 3 n3
6
1
>t"^&
O¾& 5/1 n 0 ˜ ~ "n 7/1 >t"^& 1/1 º*& 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

• O¾& 5/1 – L%"V "W* is O¾ 3, in >F ? Æ<`.
• n 0 – Bringing the topic of >t"^.
• 3
"n 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& n in 9)®<`; From 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜.
• 3 This is OW4\&.
>t"^& 1/1 – >t"^-)!U% is told by 1.1.1 >t"^9%Wxn ˜.
• º*& 1/1 – From an "f*%9-)FG 6.1.84 º*& >F ? 9dj&˜. This is qualifying the >t"^-OW4\&.
• >F ? 9dj& 6/2 – From an "f*%9-)FG 6.1.84 º*& >F ? 9dj&˜, in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`; “in the place of >F ?
and 9”.
• 3
)!"QV%d%< 7/1 – From the "f*%9)FG 6.1.72 )!"QV%d%< 3
[LSK] O¾& 5/1 "n 7/1 94 7/1 >t"^& 1/1 º*%W4\& 1/1 ˜
>t"^ is the one substitute in the place of both >F ? and 9 when O¾ 3-Ov< precedes and
3
n follows, in the topic of )!"QV%.
[LSK] abc4dŸ x 4/1 ˜

abc4d)` + †4
abc4d)` + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V $%V 3
abc4d)` + w 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ "n >t"^& º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 w
abc4dŸ + 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
131
[LSK] abc4dŸ%& 5/1, 6/1 ˜

abc4d)` + †")5
abc4d)` + O¾ 3 ) 3 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V $%V 3
abc4d)` + O) 3 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ "n >t"^& º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 O) 3
abc4dŸ + 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
abc4dŸ%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + u) 6/2,
3 7/2
3 u) 3
abc4dŸ + 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
abc4dŸj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] abc4d)`(%< 6/3

3 É
abc4d)` + O< 3
3
abc4d)` + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O<&
abc4d)` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ $Ÿ W`T&? n&
abc4d)`(%< 3
abc4d)` + "† 7/1

abc4d)` + O< 3 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜
3 the next sūtra.
"†-Lˆd is replaced by O< by
7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ does not take place because of 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?< ˜3
abc4d)` + O¾ 3 O< 3 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V $%V 3
abc4d)` + O< 3 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ "n >t"^& º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
Again, 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ does not take place because of "9p%1%
)*t íV_ ">L"V14f 4 dB%"fV! VB%"fV<4> ˜ What is once negated is always negated.
3 O< 3
abc4dŸ + 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
abc4dŸ%< 3
132
"5 6$%& [. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á& ˜ ~ $4Á&

3
"†-Lˆd is replaced by O< when 3
it is preceded by (W`/O /(`-ending $.
5 6
$ (W`, O , 3 (` "†
1
O< 3
†4 & 6/1 O< 1/1

3 (W`-O -(`Á&
3 5/3
˜ ~ $4Á& 5/3
• 3
†4 & 6/1 – L%"V "W* is "†, ) -Lˆd in 7/1; in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
• 3
O< 1/1 3
– This is OW4\; the Û%"(( being 4 %"ò³>?Ÿ ˜ is
a single letter, "9p%1% 1.1.55 (*
not required.
• 3
(W`-O -(`Á& 3 (`& n (•%C& (ID), V4Á&˜; this is adjective to $4Á&, thus
5/3 – (W` n O n
3
VW ">"f is applied, making “(W`-O -(`- 4 & $4Á&”.
Á
• $4Á& 5/3 – From "f*%9 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜; by ">p"Œ->n(-"> "9ƒ%< it changes to 5th case
plural-ending; >F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] (W`- %V 5/1

3 Oa %V 5/1
3 (`\]%V 5/1
3 n 0 9Ÿ 6/1 †4 & 6/1 O< 1/1
3 ˜
3 the substitute in the place of "† after (W`-ending, O -ending,
O< is 3 or (`-word-
ending $.
[LSK] abc4dŸ%< 7/1
3 ˜
See the previous page for £ ")"^.
[LSK] \41< 1/1

3 `>V 03 É
The rest declines like `.
133
Declension of abc4d)` ([- -! 2)

(†`- -(W`)!U*-[*%9% "5 6$-\]&)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

abc4d)` + ) 5 abc4d)` + y abc4d)` + ) 3
abc4d)` 6.1.68 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated
1 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
abc4dŸ_ 6.1.77 abc4dŸ) 3 6.1.77
abc4dŸ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + ) 5
S1 abc4d") + ) 3 7.3.107 same as above same as above
abc4d") 6.1.69
abc4d)` + < 3 abc4d)` + \) 3
2 abc4d)`< 3 6.1.107 same as above abc4d)`) 3 6.1.102
abc4d)`( 3 6.1.103
abc4d)` + ¾% abc4d)` + Á%< 3 abc4d)` + "p) 3
3
abc4dŸ% 6.1.77 abc4d)`Á%< 3 abc4d)`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + †4 abc4d)` + Á) 3
abc4d)` + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 abc4d)`Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
abc4d)` + w 6.1.90
abc4dŸ x 6.1.77
abc4d)` + †")5
3
abc4d)` + O¾ 3 ) 7.3.112
5 abc4d)` + O) 3 6.1.90 same as above same as above
3 O) 3
abc4dŸ + 6.1.77
abc4dŸ%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + u) 3 abc4d)` + O< 3
6 same as above abc4dŸ +3 u) 3 6.1.77, 3
abc4d)` + ( O< 3 7.1.54
abc4dŸj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 abc4d)`(%< 3 6.4.3
abc4d)` + "† abc4d)` + ) 3
abc4d)` + O< 3 7.3.116 abc4d)`1 8.3.59
7 abc4d)` + O¾ 3 O< 3 7.3.112 same as above
abc4d)` + O< 3 6.1.90
abc4dŸ%< 3 6.1.77
The only difference from (W`-)!U*-\] in feminine is in 2/3.
134
"5 6$%& [. .5
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V#e`
[LSK] †`- §%V 5/1

3 ( 0 )#j & 1/1 É
Because the word is not †`-ending, there is no elision of ) by 6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V 3
t ! Q# 3 ˜.
)"VŸ Œ
3
The word #e` is derived from #ª f%V with yƒ"W* [ Lˆd.
3 [
#ª + (h´) 3.160 #ª4<¾? 3 n ˜
3 <¾ 3 [
#ª + (h´) 3.160 #ª4<¾? 3 n ˜
#e`
3
hƒ%"WLˆd is considered to be *t V-Lˆd 3 #e` being *t V-Lˆd-
by 3.3.1 hƒ%Wdj ab#< ˜. 3
ending word, L%"V "W*-)!U% is given by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
#e`< 3 "VH% & S"V "V#e`& ˜ One who goes beyond #e` (is very prosperous).
"V + #e` + < 3 (>%´) ˆ%Wd& H% %•0æ "ZV`dd% ˜ ~ V¨Ë1& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% is given by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
"V + #e` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
"V#e`
#e` is "(ˆ{G`"#$ word, but is v_ƒ in this )<%). (>%´) L0<"#$¥Qƒ! n˜ gives (W`-)!U% to
this )<%), even though the )<%) word is masculine.
"V#e` + ) 5 1/1
"V#e`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] \41< 1/1

3 abc4d)`>V 03 É
The rest is like abc4d)`.
135
Declension of "V#e` ([- -! 3)

(y(%"W*-[*%9% -(W`)!U*-[*%9% "5 6$-\]&)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

"V#e` + ) 5
1
"V#e`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1
The rest declines like abc4d)`
Just as #e`, there are seven words in feminine which end with yƒ%"W* [ Lˆd. There
3 "VŸ Œ
is no )#j by 6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ for these words because they are not
{G`Lˆd †`-ending. The rest of the declension is identical to (W`. This is said by the śloka
found in "¾ßƒ` D:
3
>`-V `-V9`-#e`-f`-á`-c`ƒ%< hƒ%"WV& ˜
" {G`"#$>t|`(%! )j#ð j ( *W%n( É
In fact, there are nine of such feminine words, and they are not always hƒ%"WLˆd-
ending. They are just not ending with †`-Lˆd.
p x<`*%9, the author of p x<`’%–% gives a better version of śloka, in which these points
are covered.
>`-V `- 9`-#e`-V9`-f`-á`-"cd%! "pd& ˜
3 Gd%<41%! ( )#j & *W%n(& É
Ã §%V "{
136
"5 6$%& [. .5
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) Lf`
[LSK] Lf`& 1/1 É

L*t k! Ð%dV`"V Lf`& ˜ One who meditates well is called Lf`.
Lf` is derived from L-h )v? >F * 3
? -Ðx-f%V with "ç -Lˆd. The last [ is a modification of
3
the f%V. Thus this word is f%V- >d>-[*%9% . Lf` being "ç -ending word, it can be both
masculine and feminine. Thus this is not "(ˆ{G`"#$ word. Because of this, Lf` does not
gain (W`)!U%, and is called (W`)!U* word.
3
L + Ðx "n %d%< (1P) to contemplate
L + Ð% 6.1.45 OW4n h W4\Ô4 "\"V ˜
L + Ð% + "ç 3 (>%´) Ð%dV4& )!L)%9ƒ! n ˜
L + "f O + > 3 (>%´) Ð%dV4& )!L)%9ƒ! n ˜
L + "f + > 3 ? <3
6.1.108 )!L)%9ƒ%Í ˜ ~ >F £
L+ f` + > 3 6.4.2 Q#& ˜ ~ W`T&?
Lf` 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
Lf` + ) 5
Lf`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 "VŸ Œ
Since this word does not end with †`, 6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ is not
applicable.
Lf` + y 1/2
Now, 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n˜ is applicable. But the next sūtra comes as >%W.
137
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ

3
Sd and 3
h> are OW4\ for S>ƒ? and h>ƒ? which belong to $ ending with -Lˆd,
3
S>ƒ?/h>ƒ?-ending f%V, or ~F-\] when n-beginning suffix follows.
6
, 7
$ S>ƒ?/h>ƒ?-ending f%V, n 3 Lˆd
or ~F
1
3 h>† 3
Sd†/
"n 7/1 -f%V-~>%< 6/3

3 FEj& 6/2 Sd†-3 h>†_ 1/2 ˜ ~ $Ÿ 6/1

• "n 7/1 – In $Ÿ "f*%9, Lˆd4 in 7th case is understood. Since "n is adjective to Lˆd,
VW%"W">"f is applied, resulting in the meaning: “ %W_ Lˆd4”.
• 3
-f%V-~>%< 6/3 – & n f%V& n ~F n f%V~> (ID), V41%<˜3 is vƒ">*9ƒ-Lˆd suffixed after the
f%V in 5th conjugation. ~F is a feminine word for eyebrow.
• Ej& 6/2 – S& n h& n dF (ID), Vdj&˜ With 1.1.69 ƒ"W³>ƒ?Ÿ n%Lˆd&, S and h of this word
indicate S>ƒ? and h>ƒ?. In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• Sd†-3 h>†_ 1/2 – Sd† 3 n h>† 3 n Sd†-3 h>†_ (ID)˜ They are OW4\s.
3 1.3.3 Q#Ü<˜,3 and
† 3 is SV by 3
is hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?, thus the contents of the OW4\s are Sd and h>. 3
3 decided as the last single letter by 1.1.53 "†Í. Also, 1.1.50
Being "†V, 3 Û%"(( is
Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ is used to decide Sd† 3 or h>†.3
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜.
[LSK] -Lˆd- Ÿ 6/1 S>ƒ?-h>ƒ?- Ÿ 6/1 f%Vj& 6/1 “~F” S"V 0 Ÿ 6/1 n 0 $Ÿ 6/1 Sd†-3 h>†_ 1/2
& III/2 %W_ 7/1 Lˆd4 7/1 94 7/1˜
3 h>† 3 are the substitutes in the place of the last letter of the $ which ends with
Sd†/
3
, S>ƒ?/h>ƒ?-ending f%V, or ~F, when a suffix beginning with n follows.
138
"5 6$%& [. .5
Example of
3 "
O + 3.4.78 "V®"{ … ˜
3
O + " 7.1.3 jÔ &˜
3
O + + " 3.1.73 o%"WÁ& & ˜
O + 3 +
3 ( h> 3 " 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ
OG>"
Example of ~F
~F + u) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_¾ 3…˜ ~ Ã%Å%"V "W*%V Lˆd& 9»
3 +
~ h> 3 u) 3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ
~>j& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Example of f%V
Here, S>ƒ? of f%V is followed by 3
%"W-) -Lˆd.
Lf` + y 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ is L%®, but negated by the next sūtra.
[LSK] S"V 0 L%®4 7/1˜
139
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.82 º9(4*%njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ

? ˜ ~ $Ÿ dƒ f%Vj&
3 "n
3 the OW4\ when S>ƒ?-ending f%V is not preceded by conjunct
Instead of Sd†,3 dƒ is
consonant (which belongs to the f%V) and when $ contains more than one vowel.
º& 6/1 (*
4 %n& 6/1 )!djv >F Ÿ 3 f%Vj& 6/1 "n 7/1
? 6/1 ˜ ~ $Ÿ 6/1 dƒ 1/1
• º& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is S, representing S>ƒ?. This is adjective to f%Vj&, thus VW ">"f is applied,
resulting in “S>ƒ%? Ÿ f%Vj&”.
• 4 %n& 6/1 – (*
(* 3
4 4 n& d"µ( )& 3
4 %n (117B),
(* VŸ˜ This is adjective to $Ÿ, resulting
in: “ $ which contains more than one vowel.”
• ? 6/1 – ( )!djv& >F &? dŸ )& )!djv >F &? (NB), VŸ˜ This is adjective to º&,
)!djv >F Ÿ
resulting in: “S>ƒ? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants.”
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜
• 3
dƒ 1/1 – From 6.4.81 Sƒj dƒ˜.3
• f%Vj& 6/1 – From 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜, only f%V in 6th case is taken out. This is
adjective to $Ÿ, resulting in “S>ƒ%? f%V- Ÿ $Ÿ”.
• "n 7/1 – In $Ÿ "f*%9, Lˆd4 in 7th case is understood. Since "n is adjective to Lˆd,
VW%"W">"f is applied, resulting in: “ %W_ Lˆd4”.
[LSK] f%V- >d>-)!djv >F &? 1/1 ( 0 p>"V III/1 d& 1/1 S>ƒ?& 1/1, VW & 1/1 d& 1/1 f%V& 1/1, VW Ÿ 6/1 (*
4 %n&
6/1 3 (Ÿ%V III/1
$Ÿ 6/1 dƒ 1/1 3 ) %W_ 7/1 Lˆd4 7/1 ( 94 7/1)˜
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of $ which has more than one n, 3
dƒ is
and which ends with f%V ending with S>ƒ? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants
which are parts of the f%V.
[LSK] LÐ_ 1/2˜
Lf` + y
3 y
LÐ + 4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
6.4.82 º9(* 3
? ˜ ~ $Ÿ dƒ f%Vj& "n
[ is f%V- >d> and is not preceded by )!djv of f%V. $ has two vowels. With the help
3
of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜ and 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<& ˜, d comes in the place of [.
[LSK] LÐ& 1/3˜ LÐ< 2/1
3 ˜ LÐ_ 2/2˜ LÐ& 2/3˜ L"Ð 7/1˜
140
"5 6$%& [. .5
Declension of Lf` ([- -! 4)

? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& v"V- >F *
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

Lf` + ) 5 Lf` + y Lf` + ) 3
1 Lf`Ë5 8.2.66 LÐ_ 6.4.82 LÐ) 3 6.4.82
Lf`& 8.3.15 LÐ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Lf` + < 3 Lf` + \) 3
2 LÐ< 3 6.4.82 same as above LÐ) 3 6.4.82
LÐ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Lf` + ¾% Lf` + Á%< 3 Lf` + "p) 3
3
LÐ% 6.4.82 Lf`Á%< 3 Lf`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Lf` + †4 Lf` + Á) 3
4 same as above
LÐ4 6.4.82 Lf`Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Lf` + †")5
LÐ& 6.4.82
Lf` + u) 3 Lf` + O< 3
6 same as above
LÐj& 6.4.82 LÐ%< 3 6.4.82
Lf` + "† Lf` + ) 3
7 same as above
L"Ð 6.4.82 Lf`1
When 3
%"W-Lˆd follows, $ becomes LÐ (dƒ 3
takes place) by:
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
6.4.82 º9(* 3
? ˜ ~ $Ÿ dƒ f%Vj& "n
? >ƒ?&, 6.1.107 "< >F &? ,

Note that all the )"„ rules (6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n˜, 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? ˜ because of 9§.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
etc.) are negated by 6.4.82 º9(*
[LSK] \41< 1/1

3 `>V 03 ˜
The rest (when Q#%"W Lˆd follows) declines like `.
141
Side note:
If the ’¨"| of Lf` is ab `"Q-)<%), then the declension will be different because f`
which is used in this compound is "(ˆ{G`"#$\]. When this is the case, (W`-)!U% is given to
this compound.
Ðx + "ç 3 L"Hd% of the derivation is the same as Lf`. See the previous section.
f` This is "(ˆ{G`"#$\]. [ of f` is f%V- >d>.
L*t k% f1/1 f`& f1/1 dŸ m6/1 )& m1/1 Lf`& m1/1˜

L + f` + ) 5 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜
2.2.24 (*
Lf`
(W`-)!U% is given by (>%´) L0<"#$¥Qƒ! n˜
Thus, Lf` as ab `"Q-)<%) (W`)!U*-f%V- >d>-[*%9% - "5 6$\].

Declension of Lf` ([- -! 4-a)
? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% -(W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& v"V- >F *
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 Lf`& LÐ_ LÐ&
S1 Q4 L"f same as above same as above
2 LÐ< 3 same as above same as above
3 LÐ% Lf`Á%< 3 Lf`"p&
4 LÐx same as above Lf`Á&
5 LÐ%& same as above same as above
6 same as above LÐj& Lf`(%< 3
7 LÐ%< 3 same as above Lf`1
The difference from (W`-)!U*-Lf`\] is shaded where (W`*%d?s are seen.
142
"5 6$%& [. .5
[LSK] º>< 03 ¥%<ƒ`& 1/1 ˜

¥%<! (d"V S"V ¥%<ƒ`& ˜ The leader of a village is called ¥%<ƒ`.
3 ƒ4 (1U) to lead + "ç 3 3.2.76 "ç n
¥%< + ƒ`Ï L% 3 ˜ ~ f%Vj& *t V 3
¥%< + (` 6.1.65 ƒj (& ˜ ~ f%§%W4&, >49 Œ

t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
¥%<ƒ` (>%´) ¥-¥%<%Á%! (dV4ƒð >%?&˜
[LSK] †_ 7/1 V 0 ¥%<¬d%< 7/1

3 É
This is because (` is specifically told in 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á& ˜ ~ $4Á&. This is the only
difference from the previous word, Lf`.
Declension of ¥%<ƒ` ([- -! 4-b)

? -(`-f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& *%9*- >F *
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

¥%<ƒ` + ) 5 ¥%<ƒ` + y ¥%<ƒ` + ) 3
1 ¥%<ƒ`Ë5 8.2.66 ¥%<¬d_ 6.4.82 ¥%<¬d) 3 6.4.82
¥%<ƒ`& 8.3.15 ¥%<¬d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
¥%<ƒ` + < 3 ¥%<ƒ` + \) 3
2 ¥%<¬d< 3 6.4.82 same as above ¥%<¬d) 3 6.4.82
¥%<¬d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
¥%<ƒ` + ¾% ¥%<ƒ` + Á%< 3 ¥%<ƒ` + "p) 3
3
¥%<¬d% 6.4.82 ¥%<ƒ`Á%< 3 ¥%<ƒ`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
¥%<ƒ` + †4 ¥%<ƒ` + Á) 3
4 same as above
¥%<¬d4 6.4.82 ¥%<ƒ`Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
¥%<ƒ` + †")5
¥%<¬d& 6.4.82
¥%<ƒ` + u) 3 ¥%<ƒ` + O< 3
6 same as above
¥%<¬dj& 6.4.82 ¥%<¬d%< 3 6.4.82
¥%<ƒ` + "† ¥%<ƒ` + ) 3
¥%<ƒ` + O< 3 7.3.116 ¥%<ƒ`1 8.3.59
7 ¥%<ƒ` + O¾ 3 O< 3 7.3.112 same as above
¥%<ƒ` + O< 3 6.1.90
¥%<¬d%< 3 6.4.82
143
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) (`
4 %n& 6/1 "*< 03 ? (`& 1/1 ˜ "(d_ 1/2 ˜ "(d& 1/3 ˜

[LSK] (*
When $ contains only one n, 3 dƒ by
3 6.4.82 º9(* ? ˜ does not apply.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
Instead, Sd† 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ is applied.
(d"V S"V (`& ˜ Leader is called (`.

3 ƒ4 (1U) to lead + "ç 3
ƒ`Ï L% 3 ˜ ~ f%Vj& *t V 3
3.2.76 "ç n
(` 6.1.65 ƒj (& ˜ ~ f%§%W4&, >49 Œ
t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
(` + y 1/2
3 y
"(d + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ
[LSK] "< 7/1 \") 7/1 n 0 9§%V 5/1

3 Sd† 3 1/1 ˜ "(d< 2/1
3 ˜
3
When < and 3
\) are suffixed, 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ and 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >ƒ?&˜ are L%®,
respectively. However, 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ is applied because of 9§.
(` + < 2/1
3
3
"(d + <3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ
"(d< 3
(` + \) 2/3
3
3
"(d + )3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ
"(d&
[LSK] “†4 9%<”3 (sūtra 7.3.116) ; "(d%< 7/1

3 É
(` is specifically told in 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á& ˜ ~ $4Á&.
144
"5 6$%& [. .5
Declension of (` ([- -! 5)
? -(`-f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * "5 6$-\]& º*%n-3 $4)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

(` + ) 5 (` + y (` + ) 3
1 (`Ë5 8.2.66 "(d_ 6.4.77 "(d) 3 6.4.77
(`& 8.3.15 "(d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
(` + < 3
"(d< 3 6.4.77
(` + ¾% (` + Á%< 3 (` + "p) 3
3
"(d% 6.4.77 (`Á%< 3 (`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
(` + †4 (` + Á) 3
4 same as above
"(d4 6.4.77 (`Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
(` + †")5
"(d& 6.4.77
(` + u) 3 (` + O< 3
6 same as above
"(dj& 6.4.77 "(d%< 3 6.4.77
(` + "† (` + ) 3
7 (` + O< 3 7.3.116 same as above (`1 8.3.59
"(d%< 3 6.4.77
The rest (when Q#%"W Lˆd follows) declines like `.
When 3
%"W-Lˆd follows, $ becomes "(d (Sd† 3 takes place) by:
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ

Being º*%n-3 $, dƒ by
3 6.4.82 º9(* ? ˜ does not take place.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
145
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) )c`, d>H`
? ” in 6.4.82 º9(*
W*t ˆ is done for the word “ )!djv >F Ÿ ? ˜.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
? 6/1 "*< 03 ? )"cd_ 1/2 ˜ d>"Hd_ 1/2 ˜
[LSK] )!djv >F Ÿ
? is stated?
Why )!djv >F Ÿ
In both the cases of )c` and d>H`, [ is )!djv >F ,? preceded by )!djv, thus 6.4.82
? ˜ does not apply. Instead, Sd† 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜ is

4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
º9(*
applied.
)È cd"V S"V )c`& ˜ One who nicely takes recourse to something is called )c`.
3
) + "cÏ (1U) to resort to + "ç 3 (h´ 2.58) "ç±"nLH%dV *¾L c`ƒ%! W`TðÔ) )%9ƒ! n ˜
)c` (h´ 2.58) "ç±"nLH%dV *¾L c`ƒ%! W`TðÔ) )%9ƒ! n ˜
3
d>%( H`ƒ%"V S"V d>H`& ˜ The buyer of barley is called d>H`.
3
d> + 2H`Ï I’"("><d4 (9U) to buy + "ç 3 3 ˜ ~ f%Vj& *t V 3
3.2.76 "ç n
d>H`
)c` + y
3 y
)"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜
)"cd_
146
"5 6$%& [. .5
When %"WLˆd follows there is Sd†-3 OW4\ by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜, just
3
like (`. The only difference between )c`/d>H` and (` is when "† 7/1 follows, O< does not
come because 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜ is not applicable.
Declension of )c` and d>H` ([- -! 6)

? -S>ƒ%? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*9-[*%9%
()!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 )c`& )"cd_ 6.4.77 )"cd& 6.4.77
2 )"cd< 3 6.4.77 same as above same as above
3 )"cd% 6.4.77 )c`Á%< 3 )c`"p&
4 )"cd4 6.4.77 same as above )c`Á&
5 )"cd& 6.4.77 same as above same as above
6 same as above )"cdj& 6.4.77 )"cd%< 3 6.4.77
7 )"c"d 6.4.77 same as above )c`1
d>H` declines in exactly the same manner.
When 3
%"W-Lˆd follows, $ becomes )"cd (Sd† 3 takes place) by:
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ

3 6.4.82 º9(*
Because of )!djv >F -? S>ƒ?, dƒ by ? ˜ does not take place.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
9
Even though when )c` is a ab `"Q-)<%) with a feminine word c`, as \jp(% c`& dŸ )& )c`&˜, (W`-)!U% is
not given because of the negation of (W`-)!U% by 1.4.4 (d4 †>åÛ%(%>•`˜. This discussion is seen in
•`"#$ section.
147
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (7) \^f`
In the previous section, two similar L%"V "W*s were given as examples because )c` is
3
v"V >F ? W-)<%), and d>H` is *%9* >F ? W-)<%). ) is termed v"V with reference to "cÏ and d> is
*<?-*%9* with reference to H`Ï. 3
3 6.4.82 º9(*
If the >F ? W is neither v"V nor *%9*, dƒ by ? ˜ is negated by the
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
next >%"V?*, even when all other conditions meet.
In order to learn this >%"V?*, v"V-)!U% is defined first by the next sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.60 v"V» ˜ ~ L%Wd& "Hd%djv4

Words in L%"W-vƒ, when meaningfully connected to f%V, gain v"V-)!U%.
v"V& 1/1 n 0 ˜ ~ L%Wd& 1/3 "Hd%djv4 7/1

• v"V& 1/1 – This is )!U%.
• n 0 – Because this sūtra is under "f*%9 of 1.4.1 O*2%9%W4*% )!U%, one entity can have
only one )!U%. This n allows L%"W to have one more )!U%.
• L%Wd& 1/3 – From 1.4.58 L%Wd&˜. L%"W-vƒ consists of 22 particles starting from L.
• "Hd%djv4 7/1 – "Hdd% djv& "Hd%djv& (3T), V"µ(˜;3 in )"V)®<`. “when there is connection
with action (f%V)”
[LSK] L%Wd& 1/3 "Hd%djv4 7/1 v"V)!U%& 1/3 Ÿ& III/3 ˜

L etc., when connected to f%V, are termed v"V.
148
"5 6$%& [. .5
3
(>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? WŸ dƒ (4ØV4 ˜
3 6.4.82 º9(*
dƒ by ? ˜ is not desired when the word has >F ? W other than
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
v"V or *%9*.
3 ( 0 SØV4 III/1 ˜
v"V-*%9*-SV9- >F ? WŸ 6/1 dƒ 1/1
• 3
v"V-*%9*-SV9- >F ? WŸ 6/1 – v"V& n *%9*! n v"V*%9*4 (ID)˜ v"V*%9*%Á%< SV9V 3
v"V*%9*4 V9V 3
(5T)˜ v"V*%9*4 V9V 3 >F ? W! dŸ VV v"V*%9*4
3 3
V9 >F ? W< (116B) $<, 3 VŸ˜.
• 3
dƒ 1/1 3 \ by 6.4.82 º9(*
– dƒ-OW4 ? ˜.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
• ( 0 – "(14f to dƒ, 3 so that Sd†>† 3 by 6.4.77 can happen.
• SØV4 III/1 – “is desired”.
Examples of v"V >F ? W are Lf` (UT) 10 and )c`. Example of *%9* is d>H`, d> being
*<?*%9* toward H`.
[LSK] \^"fd_ 1/2 ˜

\^% f`& dŸ )& \^f`& (116B) ˜
\^% + ) 5 + f` + ) 5 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜ ~ )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
L%"V "W*)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
\^% + f` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
\^ + f` 6.3.34 "{Gd%& >! W 3 p%"1V ! %W(F† 3 )<%(%"f*9ƒ4 "{Gd%< 9F ƒ`"Ld%"W1 ˜ ~ h|9 W4
\^f`
(W`-)!U% is not given by "(14f-)FG 1.4.4 (d4 †>åÛ%(%>{G` ˜ since \^f` takes Sd†-3 OW4\.
This will be studied later.
In this word, >F ? W is \^%, which is v"V-*%9*-SV9, other than v"V or *%9*. Because of
this, in declension of this word, when 3 6.4.82 º9(*
%"WLˆd follows, dƒ by ? ˜ is
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
L%® but negated by this >%"V?*. Instead, Sd† 3 is the substitute by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_
˜.
10
L of Lf` as ab `"Q)<%) is v"V-*%9*-SV9, as L is not meaningfully connected to f`. Even in this case dƒ 3
happens because this >%"V?* is not always applied in every case. This is shown by the expression “( SØV4”.
149
\^f` + y 1/2
3 y
\^"fd + ? ˜ is L%®,
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
6.4.82 º9(*
but negated by (>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? WŸ dƒ (3 Ø
4 V4 ˜
Finally, 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ takes place.
\^"fd_
Declension of \^f` ([- -! 7)

(v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W- )!djv >F *
? -S>ƒ%? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9% 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 \^f` \^"fd_ 6.4.77 \^"fd& 6.4.77
2 \^"fd< 3 6.4.77 same as above same as above
3 \^"fd% 6.4.77 \^f`Á%< 3 \^f`"p&
4 \^"fd4 6.4.77 same as above \^f`Á&
5 \^"fd& 6.4.77 same as above same as above
6 same as above \^"fdj& 6.4.77 \^"fd%< 3 6.4.77
7 \^"f"d 6.4.77 same as above \^f`1 8.3.59
The declension is exactly the same as for )c` and d>H`.
When 3
%"W-Lˆd follows, $ becomes \^"fd (Sd† 3 takes place) by:
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ

3 6.4.82 º9(*
Being v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W, dƒ by ? ˜ is negated
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
by (>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? WŸ dƒ (3 Ø
4 V4 ˜.
150
"5 6$%& [. .5
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (8) )f`
)f` is derived from )-h )v? >F * 3

? -Ðx-f%V with "ç -Lˆd, just like Lf`.
)È Ð%dV`"V )f`& ˜ One who meditates well is called )f`.
3
) + Ðx "n %d%< (1P) to contemplate
) + Ð% 6.1.45 OW4n h W4\Ô4 "\"V ˜
) + Ð% + "ç 3 (>%´) Ð%dV4& )!L)%9ƒ! n ˜
) + "f O + > 3 (>%´) Ð%dV4& )!L)%9ƒ! n ˜
) + "f + > 3 ? <3
6.1.108 )!L)%9ƒ%Í ˜ ~ >F £
) + f` + > 3 6.4.2 Q#& ˜ ~ W`T&?
)f` 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
Declension of )f` ([- -! 8)

()f`-\]&)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 )f` )"fd_ 6.4.77 )"fd& 6.4.77
2 )"fd< 3 6.4.77 same as above same as above
3 )"fd% 6.4.77 )f`Á%< 3 )f`"p&
4 )"fd4 6.4.77 same as above )f`Á&
5 )"fd& 6.4.77 same as above same as above
6 same as above )"fdj& 6.4.77 )"fd%< 3 6.4.77
7 )"f"d 6.4.77 same as above )f`1 8.3.59
The declension is exactly the same as for )c` and d>H`.
When 3
%"W-Lˆd follows, $ becomes )"fd (Sd† 3 takes place) by:
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ ~ $Ÿ

3 6.4.82 º9(*
Being )f`-\], dƒ by ? ˜ is negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ˜
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
151
3 this particular L%"V "W* )f`. By this, Sd† 3 by 6.4.77 "n

The next sūtra negates dƒ for
f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ is the substitute when %"WLˆd follows.
["(14f)FG<]3 3 "
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ˜ ~ dƒ ) "n
3 prohibited for pF and )f`.
dƒ is
3 )"
( 0 pF-)"fdj& 6/2 ˜ ~ dƒ 1/1 7/1

• 3
( 0 – This negates dƒ enjoined by 6.4.82 º9(* ? ˜ and 6.4.83 u& )" ˜.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
• pF-)"fdj& 6/2 – pF& n )f`& n pF)"fd_ (ID), Vdj&˜; of the two L%"V "W*s.
• 3
dƒ 1/1 – From 6.4.81 Sƒj dƒ˜.3
• )" 7/1 – From 6.4.83 u& )" ˜. L%"V "W* is ) ; 3 in 9)®<`.
• "n 7/1 – From 6.4.77. Since "n is adjective to )" , VW%"W">"f is applied, resulting in:
“ 3
%W_ ) -Lˆd4
”.
[LSK] ºVdj& 6/2 "n 7/1 )" 7/1 3 (0 ˜

dƒ 1/1
3
dƒ does 3
not take place for these (pF and )f`) when vowel-beginning ) follows.
[LSK] )"fd_ 1/2 ˜
)f` + y
3 y
)"fd + ? ˜ is L%®, but negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ˜.
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
6.4.82 º9(*
Finally Sd† 3 takes place by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
[LSK] )"fd& 1/3 Sˆ%"W 1/1 ˜
152
"5 6$%& [. .5
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (9) )Y`, )V`
)Y` is derived from (%<f%V, a f%V derived from a noun.

3
[LSK] )Y< SÙ"V S"V )Y`& É
One who wants happiness is called )Y`.
3 ½n 3
)Y + < + 3.1.8 ) O (& ½n˜3
)Y + ½n 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj&˜ ~ ã* 3
)Y` + d 7.4.33 ½"n n ˜ ~ Ÿ [
f%V)!U% by 3.1.32 )(%• % f%V>&˜
)Y`d + "ç 3 3 ˜
3.2.76 "ç n
3 >3
)Y`d + 6.4.48 Vj #j &˜ ~ Of?f%V*4
)Y` + > 3 6.1.66 #j j ’j>?"#˜
)Y` 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ˜
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
3
In the same manner, )V` is derived. )V< SÙ"V S"V )V`&˜.
[ is f%V- >d>-[, and it does not get (W`-)!U% since there is no "(ˆ{G`"#$§. Thus, it
declines like Lf` (UT) except for 5/1 and 6/1 because of 6.1.112 –ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ ˜ ~ hV. 3
[LSK] )Y`& 1/1 ˜ )V`& 1/1 ˜ )–_ 1/2 ˜ )ˆ_ 1/2 ˜ )–& 5/1 ˜ )ˆ& 5/1 ˜ \41< 1/1
3 Lf`>V 03 É
)Y` + y 1/2
3 y
)– + ? ˜
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
6.4.82 º9(*
)–_
)Y` + †")5 5/1

3
)– + )3 ? ˜
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
6.4.82 º9(*
3 h) 3
)– + 6.1.112 –ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ ˜ hV 3
3 \ by 6.4.82 º9(*
After applying d-OW4 3 preceding the d-OW4
? ˜, Y is
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ 3 \. Thus,
3
when †")5 and †) are following, h-OW4\ takes place in the place of .
)–) 3
)–&
153
Declension of )Y` ([- -! 9)

? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& v"V- >F *
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

)Y` + ) 5 )Y` + y )Y` + ) 3
1 )Y`Ë5 8.2.66 )–_ 6.4.82 )–) 3 6.4.82
)Y`& 8.3.15 )–& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)Y` + < 3 )Y` + \) 3
2 )–< 3 6.4.82 same as above )–) 3 6.4.82
)–& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)Y` + ¾% )Y` + Á%< 3 )Y` + "p) 3
3
)–% 6.4.82 )Y`Á%< 3 )Y`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)Y` + †4 )Y` + Á) 3
4 same as above
)–4 6.4.82 )Y`Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)Y` + †")5
)– +3 ) 3 6.4.82
)– + 3 h) 3 6.1.112
)–&
)Y` + u) 3 )Y` + O< 3
6 same as above
)–j& 6.4.82 )–%< 3 6.4.82
)Y` + "† )Y` + ) 3
7 same as above
)"– 6.4.82 )Y`1 8.3.59
The declension is the same as for Lf` (f%V- >d>-[*%9% -\]&), except for 5/1 and 6/1.
When 3
%"W-Lˆd follows, $ becomes )– (dƒ 3
takes place) by:
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
6.4.82 º9(* 3
? ˜ ~ $Ÿ dƒ f%Vj& "n
3
When †")5 and †) follows, the becomes h by
3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.112 –ˆ%¨9Ÿ ˜ ~ hV )!
Note that (>%´) v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? WŸ dƒ (3 SØV4˜ does not apply because )Y` and )V` are
not )<%).
154
"5 6$%& h. .5
Now, h-ending masculine starts.

There are two types of h-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.
1. \i ("T-)!U*-\]&) declines like Q"9
3
2. Hjk, a special word which declines like Vtn-ending words in some places.
h-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) \i
[LSK] \i& 1/1 Q"9>V 03 ˜

\i is like Q"9.
Short h-ending word gains "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y˜
Declension of \i (h- -! 1)
"T-)!U*-h*%9% - "5 6$-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

\i& 8.3.22, 8.3.15 \iF 6.1.102 \i>& 7.3.109, 6.1.78
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 \ij 7.3.108, 6.1.69 same as above same as above
2 \i< 3 6.1.107 same as above \iF( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103
3 \i(% 7.3.120 \iÁ%< 3 \i"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 \i>4 7.3.111, 6.1.78 same as above \iÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
\ij& 7.3.111, 6.1.110

8.2.66, 8.3.15
6 same as above \ê‡j& 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 \iF(%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3
7 \i_ 7.3.119, 6.1.88 same as above \i1 8.3.59
The declension is exactly the same as for Q"9.
[LSK] º>< 03 p%(-OWd& 1/3 É

In the same manner, p%(, etc., also decline like Q"9.
155
h-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Hjk
Hjk is the second h*%9% "5 6$ word which means jackal. This word is treated as a
3
Vtn-ending 3
word in some places by the next sūtra. Sūtras required for declining Vtn-ending
words are studied in this section.
[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%(4

3
The word Hjk is treated like the Vtn-ending word, Hjkt, when )>?(%<Û%( other than
)}"^ follows. 7
1
Hjk )>?(%<Û%( not )}"^
3
Hjkt (Vtn-ending)
VtJV 03 Hjk& 1/1 ˜ ~ )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1

• 3 VtJV 03 , the same as Vtn. 3 Because of ( ´) Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ< ˜,
VtJV 03 – Vtn% 3/1 Vô< 1/1 3
3
“Vtn-ending” is understood.
• Hjk& 1/1 – This is the subject of this )FG. Together with VtJV, 3 the sentence is “Hjk is like,
3
same as a Vtn-ending word.”
• )}^_ 7/1 – ( )}"^& )}"^& (NT), V"µ(˜3 This is adjective to )>?(%<Û%( 4.
• )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 – In 9)®<`.
[LSK] )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 94 7/1 ˜ Hjk-\]Ÿ 6/1 Û%( 4 7/1 Hjkt\]& 1/1 LdjŒ’& 1/1 Sˆ0&? 1/1 É
When )>?(%<Û%( other than )}"^ follows, in the place of Hjk, Hjkt should be applied.
This is the meaning.
This process of becoming like Vt is commonly called VtJö%>.
Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
Operation continues…
156
"5 6$%& h. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ&

Short s-ending $ takes vƒ when )>?(%<Û%( or "† follows.
6 7
$ sV 3 "†/)>?(%<Û%(
1
vƒ
sV& 6/1 "†-)>?(%<Û%(dj& 7/1 ˜ ~ $Ÿ 6/1 vƒ& 1/1

• sV& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is sV. 3 The V 9*9ƒ is for *%#"(d<, thus only short s is intended. This
is adjective to $Ÿ, thus VW ">"f is applied, making “sW Ÿ $Ÿ”.
• "†-)>?(%<Û%(dj& 7/1 – "†& n )>?(%<Û%(! n "†-)>?(%<Û%( 4 (ID), Vdj&˜ In 9)®<`.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ, in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
• vƒ& 1/1 – This is OW4\. With the help of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜, the last s*%9 is to be
replaced. By 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ and 1.1.51 h9L 9&˜, the vƒ substitute will be 9.3
[LSK] sV& 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1 vƒ& 1/1 †_ 7/1 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 n 0 ˜ S"V 0 L%®4 7/1 –
vƒ is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short s-ending $ when "† or
)>?(%<Û%( follows. When this is applicable… (to be continued)
Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
Here, 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ& is L%®, but the next sūtra is >%W for
this sūtra.
157
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.94 s,$ÝËW!)jÔ(4Q)%! n ˜ ~ († 3 )_ )}^_

In 1/1, († 3 replaces the last letter of sW - $, and h\(), 3 ËW!)), 3 and (Q4 ), 3 when ) 5
but not )}"^ follows.
6 7
$ sV 3 ) 5 not )}"^
1
(† 3
6 7
h\()/3 ËW!))/3 (Q4 ) 3 ) 5 not )}"^
1
(† 3
s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ(Q4 )%< 6/3

3 n 0 ˜ ~ († 3 1/1 )_ 7/1 )}^_ 7/1

• 3
s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ(Q4 )%< 6/3 3
– This word is SV94V9)<%) consisting of four words: sV (short s),
3 H%n%d?), ËW!)) (cat),
h\() (\ 3 3
and (Q4 ) (time). In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• n 0 – This connects to the entire context of the previous sūtra, 7.1.93 († 3 )_˜ ~ )}^x
)>?(%<Û%( 4.
• († 3 1/1 – This is OW4\. Being "†V, 3 only the last letter is replaced by 1.1.53 "†Í ˜ ~
#jÔÜŸ.
• )_ 7/1 – L%"V "W* is ),5 in 9)®<`.
• )}^_ 7/1 – ( )}"^& )}"^& (NT), V"µ(˜3 This is adjective to )_.
[LSK] sW %(%< 6/3

3 h\()%W`(%< 6/3
3 n 0 († 3 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 )}^_ 7/1 )_ 7/1É
(† 3 is the substitute in the place of the last letter of s-ending $, or words such as
h$, 3 when ) 5 but not )}"^ follows.
Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
3 )3
Hjk 3 ( + 7.1.94 s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ(Q4 )%! n ˜ ~ († 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "†Í˜
Operation continues…
158
"5 6$%& h. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 Ú %< ˜3 ~ h f%d%& W`T?&

6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t( 4kt§ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
)}^_ )>?(%<Û%(4
h f%-W`T ? takes place for these words when )>?(%< other than )}"^ follows.
6 7
)>?(%<Û%( not
3
3 (-ending/Vt
/Vt 3
n-ending, etc. h f%
)}"^
1
W`T ?
3 n-o)t
3 (-Vt
-Vt 3 Ú %< 6/3
-(®t-(k4 t -§kt-ª|t-QjVt- jVt-L\% ƒ 3 ˜ ~ h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<Û%( 4
7/1

• -Vt 3 n-o)t
3 (-Vt 3 3
Ú %< 6/3
-(®t-(k4 t -§kt-ª|t-QjVt- jVt-L\% ƒ – This word is SV94V9)<%) consisting of
eleven words: 3
(water), 3 V-Lˆd),
Vt( (*t 3 3 V-Lˆd),
Vtn (*t 3 o)t (sister), (®t (grandson),(k4 t (a
type of priest), §kt (architect), ª|t (charioteer), QjVt (priest of Ngveda), jVt (a type of
priest), and L\% t (a type of priest). As for Lˆd, with "9p%1% “Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ<”,3 Vt(-3
and Vtn-3 are understood; in )}„1È` to h f%d%&.
• h f%d%& 6/1 – In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• W`T&? 1/1 – This is OW4\. Which W`T ? letter should be used is decided by 1.1.50
Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ as the closest to Û%"((. 3
• )}^_ 7/1 – ( )}"^& )}"^& (NT), V"µ(˜3 This is adjective to )>?(%<Û%( 4.
• )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 – In 9)®<`.
[LSK] a%W`(%< 6/3

3 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1É
W`T ? is the substitute for the penultimate letter of , etc., when )>?(%<Û%( other than
)}"^ follows.
159
[LSK] Hjk% 1/1 ˜

Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
3 )3
Hjk 3 ( + 7.1.94 s,$ÝËW!)jÔ(Q4 )%! n ˜ ~ († 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "†Í˜
3 ) 3 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
Hjk 3 O( + Ú %< ˜3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
Hjk 3 O( 3 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
Hjk 3 O 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ ˜
Hjk%
[LSK] Hjk%9_ 1/2 ˜

Hjkt + y 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
Hjk 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ&, with the help of 1.1.61 h9ƒ 93 9&˜
Ú %< ˜3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
Hjk 3 O9 3+ y 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
Hjk%9_
[LSK] Hjk%9& 1/3 ˜
In the same manner as above.
3 É
[LSK] HjkF( 2/3
Since )>?(%<Û%( is over, VtJö%> by 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4 does not
happen anymore.
Hjk + $ 2/3
3
HjkF) 3 ? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ W`T&? º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3

6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
HjkF( 3 6.1.103 Vµ%Ù)j (& "! ) ˜
160
"5 6$%& h. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 3 &
7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n ˜ ~ VtJV Hjk
3
VtJö%> of the word Hjk is optional when n-beginning suffix in 3rd case onward
follows.
1
3rd case onward 7
Hjk n3
Optional
3
Hjkt (Vtn-ending)
">p%1% 1/1 VtV`d%"W1 7/3 "n 7/1 ˜ ~ VtJV 03 Hjk& 1/1

• ">p%1% 1/1 – VtJö%> is optional.
• 3
VtV`d%"W1 7/3 – VtV`d% O"W& d41%! V4 VtV`d%Wd& (116B), V41 ˜, indicating ) -Lˆd starting from ¾%
up to ) , 3 in 9)®<`.
• "n 7/1 – This is adjective to VtV`d%"W1, thus VW%"W">"f is applied to result in “ %"W1
VtV`d%"W1”.
• VtJV 03 – From 7.1.95 VtJKjk&˜
• Hjk& 1/1 – From 7.1.95 VtJKjk&˜
[LSK] %"W1 7/3 VtV`d%"W1 7/3 Hjk& 1/1 >% 0 VtJV 03 ˜

3
VtJö%> for the word Hjk is optional when n-beginning 3
) -Lˆd starting from 3rd
case.
[LSK] HjO% 3/1 ˜ HjO4 4/1 ˜
Hjk + ¾% 3/1
Hjkt + O 3 &
Optional VtJö%> by 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n ˜ ~ VtJV Hjk
HjO% 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
In the other option, Hjk(%, etc. Being h*%9% - "5 6$, Hjk gains "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j
*)"Y˜.
Hjk + ¾% 3/1
Hjk + (% 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 ~ T4&
Hjk(%
161
3
When †")5 and †) are suffixed, the next sūtra is required.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.111 sV hV ˜3 ~ †")5†)j& "V >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3

s and 3
of †")5 and †) are replaced by single letter h.
5 7
sV 3 V3 of †")5/†) 3
1
h
sV& 5/1 hV 1/1

3 ˜ ~ †")5†)j& 6/2 "V 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 º*& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

• sV& 5/1 – This V 9*9ƒ is for *%#"(d<. Short s in >F ? Æ<`.
• 3
hV 1/1 – This is OW4\. The V 9*9ƒ is just for clarity, since it is ">f`d<%(, it cannot
represent its )>ƒ?.
• 3 †")5†)_ (ID), Vdj&˜, in )}„1È` to "V.
†")5†)j& 6/2 – †")5: n †) n
• "V 7/1 – Short in 9)®<`; with †")5†)j&, the meaning is: “short of †")5: and †)”.3
• >F ? 9dj& 6/2 – In the place of >F ? and 9; in Û%(d4 jv1È`.
• º*& 1/1 – In the place of two, one substitute.
• 3
)!"QV%d%< 7/1 – In the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)®<`.
[LSK] sV& 5/1 †")5†)j& 6/2 "V 7/1 hV 1/1

3 º*%W4\& 1/1 ˜
After sV, 3 when V of

3 †")5 and †) follows,
3 h is the one substitute for >F ? and 9.
[LSK] 9 9& 1/1 É
Since s becomes h, one of ƒ, 3 1.1.51 h9ƒ 93 9&˜ is applied.
Hjk + †")5
Hjkt + ) 3 3 &
Hjk 3 h ) 3 6.1.111 sV hV ˜3 ~ †")5†)j& "V >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
Hjk 3 h9 3) 3 1.1.51 h9ƒ 93 9&˜
Now 8.2.23 )!djv% Ÿ #j &˜ is applicable. Then the next sūtra gives "(d< for that.
162
"5 6$%& h. .5
["(d<)FG<]3 3
8.2.24 9%V )Ÿ ˜ ~ )!djv% Ÿ #j &
When applying 8.2.23 )!djv% Ÿ #j &˜ to a consonant after 94è, it should be only ). 3
6
W 94è )3
1
#j
9%V 5/1
3 )Ÿ 6/1 ˜ ~ )!djv% Ÿ 6/1 #j & 1/1

• 3
9%V 5/1 – L%"V "W* 9, in >F ? Æ<`; “after 94è.”
• )Ÿ 6/1 – 3 for hÍ%9ƒ. In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
after ) is
• )!djv% Ÿ 6/1 – )!djv& 3 djv% < (116B),
& dŸ VV )! 3 VŸ˜; this is an adjective to WŸ;
in )}„1È`. )!djv& is a )!U% given to a group of conjunct consonants defined as 1.1.7
Q#jÔ( 9%& )!djv& ˜
• #j & 1/1 – This is OW4\&. #j & is a )!U% defined as 1.1.60 W\?( ! #j & ˜
[LSK] 94è%V 5/1

3 )!djv% Ÿ 6/1 )Ÿ 6/1 º> 0 #j & 1/1 ( 0 ÑŸ 6/1 ˜
3 elided. Any other letter is not elided.
After 94è, only ) is
This sūtra is considered to be "(d<)FG by the definition: ")^4 7/1 )"V 7/1 O9i& 1/1
"(d<%0&? 1/1 ˜. Without this sūtra, ) after
3 94è can be elided by 8.2.23 )!djv% Ÿ #j &˜. Pā ini
3
started the subsequent sūtra 8.2.24 9%V )Ÿ ˜ which would become redundant if it were not
taken as "(d<)FG. The purpose of "(d<)FG is to exclude everything other than what is
specified in the sūtra. In this case, after 94è, any letters other than )*%9 are excluded from
being the subject for 8.2.23 )!djv% Ÿ #j &˜.
[LSK] 94èŸ 6/1 ">)v?& 1/1 ˜ Hjk& 5/1, 6/1 ˜

Hjk 3 h ) 3 6.1.111 sV hV ˜3 ~ †")5†)j& "V >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
Hjk 3 h9 3) 3 1.1.51 h9ƒ 93 9&˜
Hjk 3 h9 3 3
8.2.24 9%V )Ÿ ˜ ~ )!djv% Ÿ #j &
Hjk& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ˜ ~ WŸ
163
[LSK] HjOj& 6/2 ˜

Hjk + u) 3
Hjkt + u) 3 3 &
Hjk 3 9 3+ u) 3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
HjOj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Hjk + O< 3
Now, when O< 6/1
3 follows, ">L"V14f between 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n ˜ ~ VtJV Hjk
3 & and
7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ is observed. By 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<˜,3 the *%d? of 9)FG, 7.1.97 ">p%1%
VtV`d%"W "n ˜ should be taken.
However, the next >%"V?* gives >F "? >L"V14f, by which >F *
? %d? is to be taken in ">L"V14f.
(>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜

(¾ 3 takes precedence over (<, 3 "n9, and VtJö%>.
(<-3 "n9-VtJö%>4Á& 5/3 (¾ 1/1

3 >F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1 ˜
• (<-3 "n9-VtJö%>4Á& 5/3 – In ">pŒ4 (different from, other than) Æ<` connected to *%d?<. 3
(< –3 (<-Ov<
3 3
taught by sūtras from 7.1.58 S"WVj (< f%Vj&˜ to 7.1.83.
"n9 – 94è%W4\ taught by 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&˜
3 Hjk-\] taught by sūtra from 7.1.95 VtJV Hjk
VtJö%> – "VW4\ of Vtn for 3 & ˜ to 7.1.97.
Notice that all these sūtras are 9 to sūtras enjoining (¾ 3.

• (¾ 3 1/1 – This is the *%d?, to be done. (¾ 3-Ov< is taught from 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3˜ to 7.1.57.
• >F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1 – In Q4V_ VtV`d%. This is the reason for (¾ 3-Ov< to take precedence.
“Because of >F "? >L"V14f”
How will >%"V?**%9 justify >F "? >L"V14f, which is against )FG*%9’s >%½ - 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9!
3 By applying >F £
*%d?<˜? ? )"„, this sūtra can be read as: ">L"V14fÔ4 9! *%d?<˜.3 Instead of 9<, 3
3 other words >F <
9< (in ? )3 can be understood.
164
"5 6$%& h. .5
[LSK] HjkF(%< 3 6/3 ˜

Hjk + O< 3
Hjk + (%< 3 3 & is applicable,
Even though 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n ˜ ~ VtJV Hjk
7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜
HjkF + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ n& $Ÿ W`T&?
[LSK] Hjk"9 7/1 ˜

Hjk + "†
Hjkt + S 3 &
7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n ˜ ~ VtJV Hjk
Hjk9 3+ S 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ&
[LSK] ª4 7/1 Q#%W_ 7/1 n 0 \i>V 03 É

When VtJö%> is not taken, and also when Q#%"W-Lˆd follows, it declines like \i.
165
Declension of Hjk (h- -! 2)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

Hjk% 7.1.94, 6.4.11, Hjk%9_ 7.3.110, 6.4.11 Hjk%9& 7.3.110, 6.4.11
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 Hjkj 7.3.108, 6.1.69 same as above same as above
2 Hjk%9< 3 7.3.110, 6.4.11 same as above HjkF( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103
HjO%/ 6.1.77 HjkÁ%< 3 Hjk"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

3
Hjk(% 7.3.120
HjO4/ HjkÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
Hjk>4 7.3.111, 6.1.78
Hjk&/
5 Hjkj& 7.3.111, 6.1.110 same as above same as above
8.2.66, 8.3.15
HjOj&/ HjkF(%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3
6 same as above
HjPj& 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Hjk"9/ Hjk1 8.3.59
7 same as above
Hjk_ 7.3.119, 6.1.88
When )>?(%<Û%( )}"^ follows,
L%"V "W* gains VtJö%> by 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ˜ ~ )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
3
and declines like a Vtn-ending word
When %"W-VtV`d%"W follows,
3 &
L%"V "W* optionally gains VtJö%> by 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n ˜ ~ VtJV Hjk
3
and declines like a Vtn-ending word.
The other option is like \i with "T-)!U%
3
When O< follows,
by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜, it declines like \i only.
In any other place,
it declines like \i only.
166
"5 6$%& l. .5
Now the section of l*%9% "5 6$ starts.

There are seven types of l*%9% "5 6$\]s. Like [*%9% "5 6$ words, they can be
categorized by certain aspects.
Summary of l*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`
# L%"V "W*< 3 (W`- ending >F ? W< 3 ">14\&

)!U*< 3
1 mm No - - ’¨©-\]&
2 "Vn<F Yes - - -
3 Y# F No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 *%9*< 3 -
)€ No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 v"V& -
4 opF No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 - pF- \]&
5 >1%?p F No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 - >1%?p-F \]&
6 qrF No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 3

q(,*9, (& 3
q(-*9- ? -pF\]&
(&- >F *
4 %n-3 $ and )!djv >F ? are criteria for 6.4.83 u& )" ˜, a counter-
Even though (*
example being not seen in #T")^% *_<W`, these categories are omitted in this chart.
167
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) mm
[LSK] mm& 1/1 ˜

mm is a name of v„>?. Because this word is not a derived word, ’¨©-\], there are
no particular sūtras for its declension.
? >ƒ?W`T ? and its "(14f, 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜ and
>F ) >%W, 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ are as usual.
Other than that, when any 3 S*j dƒ"n ˜ takes place.
%"WLˆd follows, dƒ by
[LSK] m>_ 1/2 ˜ m>& 1/3 ˜ mm< 2/1
3 Sˆ%"W 1/1 É
Declension of mm (l- -! 1)
( ’¨©-\]&)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

mm + ) 5 mm + y mm + ) 3
mmË5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%®, but negated
1 mm& 8.3.15 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
m>_ 6.1.77 m>) 3 6.1.77
m>& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
mm + < 3 mm + \) 3
2 mm< 3 6.1.107 same as above mm) 3 6.1.102
mm( 3 6.1.103
mm + ¾% mm + Á%< 3 mm + "p) 3
3
m>% 6.1.77 mmÁ%< 3 mm"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
mm + †4 mm + Á) 3
4 same as above
m>4 6.1.77 mmÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
mm + †")5
m>& 6.1.77
mm + u) 3 mm + O< 3
6 same as above
m>j& 6.1.77 m>%< 3 6.1.77
mm + "† mm + ) 3
7 same as above
m"> 6.1.77 mm1 8.3.59
168
"5 6$%& l. .5
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) "Vn<F
n<F! ()4(%<)3 "VH% & S"V "Vn<F& ˜ One who goes beyond (is victorious over) n<F, army.
"V + n<F + < 3 (>%´) ˆ%Wd& H% %•0æ "ZV`dd% ˜ ~ V¨Ë1& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
"V + n<F 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
"Vn<F
n<F is "(ˆ{G`"#$ word, but is v_ƒ in this )<%). (>%´) L0<"#$¥Qƒ! n˜ gives (W`-)!U% to
this )<%), even though the )<%) word is masculine.
"Vn<F + ) 5 1/1
"Vn<F& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] "Vn<F-\]4 7/1 V 0 (W`*%d?< 1/1

3 (mm\]%V 5/1
3 ) ">\41& 1/1 ˜ Q4 0 "Vn< S1/1 ˜
In "Vn<F, (W`*%d? is the difference from mm.

"Vn<F + ) 5 S1/1
"Vn< + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? •já?o&˜
"Vn< 3 ^4& ˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 º†á3 o%V )}
[LSK] "VnQx 4/1 ˜

"Vn<F + †4 4/1
"Vn<F + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V $%V 3
"Vn<F + w 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ "n >t"^& º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 w
"VnQ + 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
[LSK] "VnQ%& 5/1, 6/1 ˜
"Vn<F + †")5 5/1, 6/1
"Vn<F + O¾ 3 ) 3 7.3.112 O¬(•%& ˜ ~ "†"V $%V 3
"Vn<F + O) 3 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ "n >t"^& º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 O) 3
"VnQ + 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
"VnQ%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
169
[LSK] "Vn<F(%< 6/3

3 É
"Vn<F + O< 3
3
"Vn<F + ( O< 3 7.3.112 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O<&
"Vn<F + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ $Ÿ W`T&? n&
"Vn<F(%< 3
Declension of "Vn<F (l- -! 2)

((W`)!U*-l*%9% "5 6$-\]&)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

"Vn<F& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.102, negated by 6.1.105, 6.1.102, negated by 6.1.105,
1
"VnQ_ 6.1.77 "VnQ& 6.1.77
"Vn< 7.3.107, 6.1.69
2 "Vn<F< 3 6.1.107 same as above "Vn<F( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103
3 "VnQ% 6.1.77 "Vn<FÁ%< 3 "Vn<F"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
"VnQx 7.3.112, 6.1.90, "Vn<FÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 same as above
6.1.77
"VnQ%& 7.3.112, 6.1.90,
5 6.1.77, 8.2.66, same as above same as above
8.3.15
"VnQj& 6.1.77, 8.2.66, "Vn<F(%< 3 7.3.112, 6.4.3
6 same as above
8.3.15
"VnQ%< 3 7.3.116, 7.3.112, "Vn<F1 8.3.59
7 6.1.90, 6.1.77 same as above
170
"5 6$%& l. .5
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) Y# F
[LSK] Y# &F 1/1 É

Y#! pF"<! (%"V S"V Y# &F ˜ One who cleans the floor is called Y# .F
3
Ending letter l of Y# F is f%V- >d>. Being a "ç -ending word, Y# F can be both
masculine and feminine, hence this is not a "(ˆ{G`"#$ word. Thus this is a (W`)!U* word.
3 Ï
Y# + < + F 3 >( 4 (9U) to purify + "ç 3 3.2.76 "ç n
3 ˜
Y# + F + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3

Y# + F 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
Y# F + ) 5
Y# &F 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 "VŸ Œ
Since this word does not end with †`, 6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ is not
applicable.
Y# F + y 1/2
Because the $ is ending with f%V- >d>-h>ƒ?, and followed by %"W-Lˆd, 6.4.77
"n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ is L%®. The next sūtra is its >%W.
171
4 %njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
Just as 6.4.82 º9(* 3 negating Sd† 3 for S>ƒ?, the next sūtra
? ˜ gives dƒ by
3 negating h>† 3 for h>ƒ?, with one more condition, )" .
also gives dƒ by
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.83 u& )" ˜ ~ (4*%n& )!djv >F Ÿ

? 3
$Ÿ dƒ f%Vj& "n
3 the OW4\ when h>ƒ?-ending f%V is not preceded by conjunct
Instead of Sd†,3 dƒ is
consonant (which belongs to the f%V) and $ contains more than one vowel, and when
3
%"W ) -Lˆd follows.
6 7
4 %n 3 $
(* f%V no )!djv h>ƒ? n 3 )5 3
1
dƒ 3
u& 6/1 )" 7/1

4 %n& 6/1 )!djv >F Ÿ
˜ ~ (* ? 6/1 3 f%Vj& 6/1 "n 7/1
$Ÿ 6/1 dƒ 1/1
• u& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is h, representing h>ƒ?. This is adjective to f%Vj&, thus VW ">"f applies,
resulting in “h>ƒ? Ÿ f%Vj&”.
• )" 7/1 – L%"V "W* is ) , 3 indicating 21 nominal suffixes.
• 4 %njÔ)!djv% Ÿ˜.
The rest is the same as 6.4.82 º9(*
[LSK] f%V- >d>-)!djv >F &? 7/1 ( 0 p>"V III/1 d& 7/1 h>ƒ?& 7/1, VW & 7/1 d& 7/1 f%V& 7/1, VW Ÿ 6/1
(* 3 Ÿ%V III/1
4 %n& 6/1 $Ÿ 7/1 dƒ 1/1 3 "n 7/1 )" 7/1
˜
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of $ which has more than one n, 3
dƒ is
and which ends with f%V ending with h>ƒ? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants
which are parts of the f%V, when 3
%"W-) -Lˆd follows.
[LSK] Y#é_ 1/2˜
Y# F + y
3 y
Y#é + 6.4.83 u& )" ˜ ~ (* ?
4 %n& )!djv >F Ÿ 3
$Ÿ dƒ f%Vj& "n
With the help of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜ and 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<& ˜
[LSK] Y#é& 1/3˜
172
"5 6$%& l. .5
Declension of Y# F (l- -! 3)
? -f%V- >d>-l*%9% - (W`)!U*-l*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

Y# F + ) 5 Y# F + y Y# F + ) 3
1 F5
Y# Ë 8.2.66 Y#é_ 6.4.83 Y#é) 3 6.4.83
Y# &F 8.3.15 Y#é& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Y# F + < 3 Y# F + \) 3
2 Y#é< 3 6.4.83 same as above Y#é) 3 6.4.83
Y#é& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Y# F + ¾% Y# F + Á%< 3 Y# F + "p) 3
3
Y#é% 6.4.83 F %< 3
Y# Á Y# "F p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Y# F + †4 Y# F + Á) 3
4 same as above
Y#é4 6.4.83 F &
Y# Á 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Y# F + †")5
Y#é& 6.4.83
Y# F + u) 3 Y# F + O< 3
6 same as above
Y#éj& 6.4.83 Y#é%< 3 6.4.83
Y# F + "† Y# F + ) 3
7 same as above
Y#"é 6.4.83 Y# 1F 8.3.59
The entire declension is like Lf` (UT).
When 3
%"W-) -Lˆd 3
follows, $ becomes Y#é (dƒ 3
takes place) by:
6.4.83 u& )" ˜ ~ (* ?
4 %n& )!djv >F Ÿ 3
$Ÿ dƒ f%Vj& "n
[LSK] º>< 03 )€-OWd& 1/3É

In the same manner, )€ etc.11, decline like Y# .F
)È ã(%"V S"V )€& ˜ One who cuts well.
3 W( 4 (9U) to cut + "ç 3
) + €Ï @4 3
3.2.76 "ç n˜
)€ 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ˜~ #j &, 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜
11
3 h6F – The h>ƒ? of h6F is not f%V- >d>-)!djv- >F .? Thus it declines exactly like )€.
hW 3 + € + "ç =
173
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) opF
3
From here, L%"V "W*s ending with pF f%V are introduced in order to see "(14f of dƒ by
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜ and its >%Ws.
[LSK] opF& 1/1 ˜

3
oµ%V p>"V S"V opF& ˜ One who is born of himself is opF.
3
o + †")5 + pF )|%d%< (1P) to be + "ç 3 3 ˜
3.2.76 "ç n
o + pF + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
o + pF 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
opF is ending with f%V- >d>-l*%9, and it is (W`. The only difference from Y# F is
that opF is derived from pF f%V, therefore it is subject to 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜.
opF + ) 5
opF& 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ is not applicable. 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] op>_ 1/2 ˜

opF + y 1/2
3 y 1/2 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜
op> +
3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ is L%®, but negated by >F )
dƒ by ? >ƒ?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >ƒ?&˜.
That is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜. Then h>† 3 is L%® by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜,
3 6.4.83 u& )" ˜. Finally, dƒ is
which is negated by dƒ by 3 also negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜,
and comes back to h>† 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜.

[LSK] op>& 1/3 ˜
In the same manner, whenever %"W Lˆd follows, h>† 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%!
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜.
Ej"9d†>†_˜ because of the negation of dƒ by
174
"5 6$%& l. .5
Declension of opF (l- -! 4)

(pF-f%V- >d>-l*%9% - (W`)!U*-l*%9% 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

opF& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.1.105, 6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.1.105,
6.4.77, 6.4.83, and 6.4.85 6.4.77, 6.4.83, and 6.4.85
1
negate the preceding one. negate the preceding one.
op>_ 6.4.77 op>& 6.4.77
6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.1.107, 6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.4.77,
6.4.77, 6.4.83, and 6.4.85 6.4.83, and 6.4.85 negate
2 same as above
negate the preceding one. the preceding one.
op>< 3 6.4.77 op>& 6.4.77
3 op>% 6.4.77 opFÁ%< 3 opF"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 op>4 6.4.77 same as above opFÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 op>& 6.4.77 same as above same as above
6 same as above op>j& 6.4.77 op>%< 3 6.4.77
7 op"> 6.4.77 same as above opF1 8.3.59
When 3
%"W-) -Lˆd follows, 3rd case onward,
3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n˜, h>† 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜, dƒ by
dƒ by 3 6.4.83 u& )" ˜,
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜ negate one after another. Finally h>† 3 by 6.4.77 "n
and "(14f of dƒ by
f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜ takes place.
175
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) >1%?p F
This word is special because the next sūtra is made only for this particular L%"V "W*.
[LSK] >1%?p&F 1/1 É

>1%?) p>"V S"V >1%?p&F ˜ One who is born in the rain is >1%?p.F
3 pF )|%d%< (1P)
>1%? + ) + 3 to be + "ç 3 3 ˜
3.2.76 "ç n
>1%? + pF + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
>1%? + pF 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
>1%?p F is ending with f%V- >d>-l*%9, and it is (W`.
Declension of >1%?p F (l- -! 5)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 >1%?p&F 8.2.66, 8.3.15 >1%?‡_ 6.4.84 >1%?‡& 6.4.84
2 >1%?‡< 3 6.4.84 same as above >1%?‡& 6.4.84
3 >1%?‡% 6.4.84 F %< 3

>1%?pÁ >1%?p"F p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 >1%?‡ 4 6.4.84 same as above F &

>1%?pÁ 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 >1%?‡& 6.4.84 same as above same as above
6 same as above >1%?‡j& 6.4.84 >1%?‡%< 3 6.4.84
7 >1%?"‡ 6.4.84 same as above >1%?p1F 8.3.59
When 3
%"W-) -Lˆd 3 -OW4
follows, $ becomes >1%?‡ (dƒ 3 \) by,
6.4.84 >1%?‡» ˜ ~ dƒ 3
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜ is negated by 6.4.84 >1%?‡» ˜.
"(14f of dƒ by
176
"5 6$%& l. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.84 >1%?‡» ˜ ~ dƒ 3 "n )"

3
>1%?p F takes dƒ when 3
%"W-) -Lˆd follows and is not subject to 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜.
6 7
>1%?p F %"W ) 3
1
dƒ 3
3
>1%?‡& 6/1 n 0˜ ~ dƒ 1/1 "n 7/1 )" 7/1

• >1%?‡& 6/1 – Particularly the word >1%?p,F in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• n 0 – Connects to the previous sūtra 6.4.83 u& )" ˜ ~ dƒ 3
• The rest is the same as 6.4.83 u& )" ˜ ~ dƒ. 3
3 Ÿ%V III/1
[LSK] Ÿ 6/1 dƒ 1/1 3 "n 7/1 )" 7/1
˜
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of this (>1%?p F word), when
dƒ is %"W-) -3
Lˆd follows.
[LSK] >1%?‡_ 1/2 Sˆ%"W 1/1 É
>1%?p F + y
3 y
>1%?‡ + 6.4.84 >1%?‡» ˜ ~ dƒ, 3 with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜ and 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜
3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜ is L%®, but negated by >F )
dƒ by ? >ƒ?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >ƒ?&˜.
That is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜. Then h>† 3 is L%® by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜,
3 6.4.83 u& )" ˜. Then dƒ is
which is negated by dƒ by 3 negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜. Finally,
3 f is debarred by 6.4.84 >1%?‡» ˜ ~ dƒ. 3
this dƒ-"(14
177
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) qrF
[LSK] qrF& ˜
King, thunderbolt, sun, snake.
q( 03 p>V4 III/1 L%Gj"V III/1 S"V qpF& ˜ One who gains "Q!)%.
(>%"V?*<)3 q 9 (& >F Ÿ 3

? p>j dƒ >Œ’& ˜
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of qrF, *9pF, and (pF,? when
dƒ is %"W-) -3
Lˆd follows.
3
q(-*9- 3 >Œ’& 1/1 ˜
? 6/1 p>& 6/1 dƒ 1/1
(&- >F Ÿ
• 3
q(-*9- ? 6/1 – q(, 3 *9, (9 3 >F æ dµ%V )&
(&- >F Ÿ 3
3 q(-*9- (&- >F &? (115B), VŸ ˜; adjective to p>&.
• p>& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is pF; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
dƒ 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• >Œ’& 1/1 – That which has to be said. Without this >%"V?*, these words, being ending
3
with pF, would not take dƒ because of 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜ ~ dƒ. 3
[LSK] qR‡_ 1/2 ˜

qrF + y
3 y
qR‡ + (>%"V?*<)3 q 3
? p>j dƒ >Œ’&
9 (& >F Ÿ ˜
with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜ and 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜
The entire declension is like >1%?p.F
[LSK] º>< 03 *9pF& 1/1 É
In the same manner, *9pF and (pF ? decline like qrF because of this >%"V?*.
178
"5 6$%& s. .5
Now the declension of s-ending masculine L%"V "W* starts.

There are three types of sW - "5 6$-\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`. These types are
categorized by the sūtra causing W`T.?
1. f%Vt Ú %< ˜3 ~ W`T ? is applicable
6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
2. " Vt Ú %< ˜3 ~ W`T ? is not applicable
6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
3. (t 6.4.6 (t n ˜ ~ W`T ? is applicable
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) f%Vt
[LSK] f%V% 1/1 ˜

f% + Vtn 3 3 n_ ˜
3.1.133 ¬>#-Vt
f%Vt 3
Being a *t W , *t V-Lˆd-ending word, this is L%"V "W* by
1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜.
3
All the sūtras required for declension of Vtn-ending words have already been
studied in the section of Hjk-\].
f%Vt + ) 5 1/1
3 )3
f%V 3 ( + 7.1.94 s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ(Q4 )%! n ˜ ~ († 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "†Í˜
3
f%V O( 3 ) 3 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
+ Ú %< ˜3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
3
f%V O( 3 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
3
f%V O 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ ˜
f%V%
[LSK] Q4 f%V& S1/1 ˜
f%Vt + ) 5 1/1
f%V 3 9 3+ ) 3 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9ƒ 93 9&˜
f%V 3 9 3 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
f%V& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&˜ ~ 9& WŸ
179
[LSK] f%V%9_ 1/2 ˜

f%Vt + y
f%V 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9ƒ 93 9&˜
3
f%V O9 Ú %< ˜3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
3+ y 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
f%V%9_
[LSK] f%V%9& 1/3˜
In the same manner as above.
(>%"V?*<)3 s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< ˜3

In the topic of 8.4.1 91%Á%! (j ƒ& )<%( W4˜, s>ƒ? is also "("<| for ƒ§ of (. 3
s>ƒ%?V 5/1
3 (Ÿ 6/1 ƒ§< 1/1
3 >%?< 1/1
3 ˜

• 3
s>ƒ%?V 5/1 – In >F ? Æ<`.
• (Ÿ 6/1 – In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
ƒ§< 1/1 3 the letter ( is
– Substitute ƒ for 3 understood by the context.
• 3
>%?< 1/1 – That which has to be said, with reference to 8.4.1 91%Á%! (j ƒ& )<%( W4˜.
[LSK] f%VÚƒ%< 6/3

3 ˜
f%Vt + O< 6/3

3
3
f%Vt + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜
f%VÚ + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ W`T&?

f%VÚ + ƒ%< 3 (>%´) s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< ˜3
180
"5 6$%& s. .5
Declension of f%Vt (s- -! 1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

f%V% 7.1.94, 6.4.11, f%V%9_ 7.3.110, 6.4.11 f%V%9& 7.3.110, 6.4.11
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 f%V& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above
2 f%V%9< 3 7.3.110, 6.4.11 same as above f%VÚ( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103
3 f%G% 6.1.77 f%VtÁ%< 3 f%Vt"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 f%G4 6.1.77 same as above f%VtÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
f%V& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,

8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above f%Gj& 6.1.77 f%VÚƒ%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%´
7 f%V"9 7.3.110 same as above f%Vt1 8.3.59
[LSK] º>< 03 (®t-OWd& 1/3 ˜

In this manner, (®t (grandson), etc. decline like f%Vt.
(®t-O"W indicates sW - "5 6$-L%"V "W*s which are mentioned in the sūtra 6.4.11
Ú %<˜.3 There are two types of L%"V "W* in this sūtra:
®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
3
1) L%"V "W*s ending with Vtn and 3
Vt( which are taught in k%Ð%d`)FG 3.1.133 ¬>útn_˜ and
3.2.135 Vt(˜,3 respectively.
2) (®t, (k4 t , §kt, ª|t, QjVt, jVt, and L\% 3
.t They are not derived with Vtn and 3
Vt( of k%Ð%d`Lˆd,
3
but with Vtn and 3 hƒ%"WLˆd12.
Vt( of
In one opinion, L%"V "W*s which are not derived by k%Ð%d`)FG are not considered to
be grammatically derived. This way of looking at derivation is called ’¨"| ª. In
’¨"| ª, (®t etc., have to be mentioned in 6.4.11 because they cannot be counted by the
3
mentioning of Vtn and Vt(. 3
In another opinion, L%"V "W*s which are derived by hƒ%"W)FGs are considered to be
grammatically derived. This way of looking at derivation is called ’¨"| ª. In ’¨"| ª, (®t
12
ª|t and L\% Ú are derived by (h´) 2.95 Vt n
t _ \!")ªW%"WÁ& )!U%d%! n%"(¾_˜. (®t, (k4 t , §kt, QjVt, and jVt are
derived by (h´) 2.97 (®t(k4 t §ktQjVt jVt~%Vt %<%Vt<%Vt" Vt,"QVt˜.
181
3
etc., are included in the mentioning of Vtn and 3 the sūtra 6.4.11. However, (®t etc., are
Vt( in
separately mentioned. This mentioning of (®t etc., in 6.4.11 is for "(d<, restricting other
L%"V "W*s which are derived by hƒ%"W)FGs. Otherwise, this mentioning would be redundant.
(")^4 )"V O9Á<%ƒj "(d<%d˜)
This is said in the >t"|.
[LSK] (®t-O"W-¥Qƒ< 1/1
3 ’¨"| ª4 7/1 "(d<%0 ?< 1/1
3 ˜
The mentioning of (®t etc., in ’¨"| ª is for restricting the application of W`T ? to only
3
(®t etc., excluding any other words derived with Vtn and 3 hƒ%"WLˆd.
Vt( of
This discussion is connected to the next word.
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) " Vt
[LSK] V4( 3/1 SQ 0 ( 0 ˜ " V% 1/1 ˜

Because of that reason, here, in " Vt etc., W`T ? does not happen.
" Vt (father) is derived from (h´) 2.97 (®t(k4 t §ktQjVt jVt~%Vt %<%Vt<%Vt" Vt,"QVt˜.
" Vt + ) 5 1/1
3 )3
" V3 (+ 7.1.94 s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ(Q4 )%! n ˜ ~ († 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "†Í˜
3
" V O( 3 ) 3 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
+
3
" V O( 3 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
3
" VO 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ ˜
" V%
Ú %<˜,3 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4
Note that instead of 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
3
n%)}^_ ˜ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&? is applied because of (-ending $.
[LSK] " V9_ 1/2 ˜

" Vt + y
" V 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9ƒ 93 9&˜
[LSK] " V9& 1/3˜ " V9< 2/1
3 ˜ \41< 1/1
3 f%Vt>V 03 É
In the same manner, there is no h f%-W`T ? in )>?(%<Û%(. The rest is like f%Vt.
182
"5 6$%& s. .5
Declension of " Vt (s- -! 2)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

" V% 7.1.94, 6.4.8 " V9_ 7.3.110 " V9& 7.3.110
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 " V& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above
2 " V9< 3 7.3.110 same as above " VÚ( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103
3 " G% 6.1.77 " VtÁ%< 3 " Vt"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 " G4 6.1.77 same as above " VtÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
" V& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,

8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above " Gj& 6.1.77 " VÚƒ%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%´
7 " V"9 7.3.110 same as above " Vt1 8.3.59
The difference from f%Vt is in )>?(%<Û%( other than 1/1 because of the non-
Ú %<˜3
applicability of 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
[LSK] º>< 03 %<Vt-OWd& 1/3 ˜
In this manner, %<Vt (son-in-law), p%Vt, etc. decline like " Vt. They are derived by (h´)
2.97 (®t-(k4 t -§kt-QjVt- jVt-~%Vt- %<%Vt-<%Vt-" Vt-,"QVt˜.
The words which decline like " Vt are listed in "¾ßƒ` -:
" V% <%V% ((%A% n )’4kt~%Vtd%V9& ˜
%<%V% ,"QV% W4>% Vt St Á%! 9"QV% (> É
" Vt (father), <%Vt (mother), ((%T (husband’s sister), )’4kt (charioteer), ~%Vt (brother),
d%Vt (husband’s brother’s wife), %<%Vt (son-in-law), ,"QVt (daughter), W4>t (husband’s younger
3
brother) are nine words which are devoid of Vt( and 3
Vtn of k%Ð%d`Lˆd. Thus there is no
h f%-W`T ? in )>?(%<Û%( for these words.
183
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) (t
[LSK] (% 1/1 ˜ (9_ 1/2 ˜

(t (person) declines like " Vt, except for 6/3 by the next sūtra.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.6 (t n ˜ ~ (%"< W`T?& hpd0%

3
(t is optionally elongated when (%< follows.
6 7
(t (%< 3
1
Optional
W`T ?
(t 6/1 n 0˜ ~ (%"< 7/1 W`T&? 1/1 hpd0% 0

• (t 6/1 – In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`, which is ã®.
• n 0 – This connects the context with the previous sūtra.
• 3
(%"< 7/1 – O< (6/3) with (¾ 3-Ov<; in 9)®<`.
• W`T&? 1/1 – This is OW4\; from 6.3.111 #j 4 >F Ÿ
? W`TðÔƒ& ˜.
• hpd0% 1/1 – From 6.4.5 @AŸpd0%˜. “In both manners”, which means “optionally”.
The word W`T ? as OW4\ brings n& 6/1 by 1.2.28 n»˜. Then the entire sentence will be
3 (t, W`T ? is the optional substitute when (%< follows.”
understood as “in the place of n of 3
[LSK] Ÿ 6/1 ((t-\]Ÿ 6/1) (%"< 7/1 >% 0 W`T&? 1/1 ˜

3 (t, when (%< follows.
W`T ? is optionally the substitute in the place of n of 3
[LSK] (tƒ%< 6/3

3 ˜ (Úƒ%< 6/3
3 É
(t + O< 3
3
(t + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O<&
(Ú + (%< 3 6.4.6 (t n ˜ ~ $Ÿ W`T&? hpd0%
(Ú + ƒ%< 3 (>%"V?*<)3 s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< ˜3
184
"5 6$%& s. .5
Declension of (t (s- -! 3)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

(% 7.1.94, 6.4.8, (9_ 7.3.110 (9& 7.3.110
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 (& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above
2 (9< 3 7.3.110 same as above (Ú( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103
3 U% 6.1.77 (tÁ%< 3 (t"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 U4 6.1.77 same as above (tÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
(& 6.1.110, 8.2.24,

8.3.15
Uj& 6.1.77 3 ƒ%< 3 7.1.54,
(tƒ%</(Ú
6 same as above
6.4.6, >%´
7 ("9 7.3.110 same as above (t1 8.3.59
185
u-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) vj
vj (cow) declines in the same manner in both masculine and feminine.
[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV ˜3 ~ )>?(%<Û%(< 3

After u-ending L%"V "W*, )>?(%<Û%( is treated like "ƒV. 3
vjV& 5/1 "ƒV 1/1

3 ˜ ~ )>?(%<Û%(< 1/1
3

• vjV& 5/1 – Because of >%"V?* “uVj "ƒ"W"V >%?<”,3 uV& should be understood.
• 3
"ƒV 1/1 3 understood.
– Since this is "VW4\)FG, "ƒZV is
• 3
)>?(%<Û%(< 1/1 3 (%<Û%( 4˜, ">p"Œ"> "9(%< from 7th case to 1st case
– From 7.1.86 SVjÔV )>?
happens.
[LSK] u*%9%V 5/1

3 ">"QV< 1/1
3 )>?(%<Û%(< 1/1
3 "ƒZV 03 ˜
)>?(%<Û%( which is enjoined after u is like "ƒV. 3

Adjective ">"QV to )>?(%<Û%(< 3 is added in the >t"| to avoid the situation such as:
\i + ) 5 S1/1
\ij + ) 3 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ&˜ ~ )}^_
Without the adjective ">"QV, this ) 5 would have been treated like "ƒV, 3 which is "(k.
[LSK] v_& 1/1 ˜ v%>_ 1/2 ˜ v%>& 1/3É
vj + ) 5 1/1
vj + ) 3 7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV ˜3 ~ )>?(%<Û%(< 3
v_ + ) 3 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V ˜ ~ >t"^&, with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜
v_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
vj + y 1/2
vj + y 7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV ˜3 ~ )>?(%<Û%(< 3
v_ + y 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V ˜ ~ >t"^&
v%>_ 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜
186
"5 6$%& u. .5
The next sūtra is >%W to 7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV˜.3
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.93 yVjÔê\)j& ˜ ~ "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3

3 \), 3 O is the º*%W4\.
When u is followed by < or
5 7
u n3 3
of </\) 3
1
O
O 1/1 uV& 5/1 ê\)j& 6/2 ˜ ~ "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 º*& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

• O 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• uV& 5/1 – L%"V "W* is uV; 3 in >F ? Æ<`. V 9*9ƒ is for *%#"(d<.
• 3 \) n
ê\)j& 6/2 – < n 3 ê\)_ (ID), Vdj&˜; 2/1 and 2/3 ">p"Œs; in )}„4 1È` to "n.
• "n 7/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& n; 3 in 9)®<`.
• >F ? 9dj& 6/2 – in Û%(d4 jv1È`. Of >F ? and 9.
• º*& 1/1 – One substitute.
• )!"QV%d%< 3 7/1 – In the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)®<`.
[LSK] uV& 5/1 ê\)j& 6/2 "n 7/1 O*%9& 1/1 º*%W4\& 1/1 ˜
3
After u, when n of 3 \) follows,
< or 3 O is the one substitute in the place of the
two, u and n. 3
[LSK] v%< 2/1
3 ˜ v%>_ 2/2 ˜ v%& 2/3 ˜
vj + < 2/1
3
3 O+<3
v+ 6.1.93 yVjÔê\)j& ˜ ~ "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
v%< 3
vj + \) 2/3
3
3 O+)3
v+ 6.1.93 yVjÔê\)j& ˜ ~ "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%< 3
v%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
187
[LSK] v>% 3/1 ˜ v>4 4/1 ˜ vj& 5/1, 6/1 ˜ Sˆ%"W 1/1 É
vj + ¾% 3/1
3 O
v> + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜
v>%
vj + †4 4/1
3
v> +º 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜
v>%
vj + †")5 5/1
vj) 3 6.1.110 †")†)j» ˜ ~ >F &?
vj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Declension of vj (u- -! 1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

v_& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, v%>_ 7.1.90, 7.2.115, v%>& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, 6.1.78,
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.78 8.2.66, 8.3.15
2 v%< 3 6.1.93 same as above v%& 6.1.93, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 v>% 6.1.78 vjÁ%< 3 vj"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 v>4 6.1.78 same as above vjÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 vj& 6.1.110, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
6 same as above v>j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 v>%< 3 6.1.78
7 v"> 6.1.78 same as above vj1 8.3.59
188
"5 6$%& w. .5
w-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9x
9x (wealth) declines in the same manner in both masculine and feminine.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_

The last letter of 9x becomes O when Q#%"W ">p"Œ follows.
6 7
9x Q# 3 ">p"Œ
1
O
9%d& 6/1 Q"# 7/1 ˜ ~ O 1/1 ">pŒ_ 7/1

• 9%d& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is 9x; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• Q"# 7/1 – This is adjective to ">pŒ_, thus VW%"W">"f is applied to result in “Q#%W_ ">pŒ_ 94”.
• O 1/1 – This is OW4\. From 7.2.84 k( O ">pŒ_˜.
• ">pŒ_ 7/1 – From 7.2.84 k( O ">pŒ_˜; in 9)®<`.
[LSK] Ÿ 6/1 (9x\]Ÿ 6/1) O*9-OW4\& 1/1 Q"# 7/1 ">pŒ_ 7/1 ˜
O is the substitute in the place of the last letter of 9x when Q#%"W ">p"Œ follows.
[LSK] 9%& 1/1 ˜
9x + ) 5 1/1
9% + ) 3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_
9%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] 9%d_ 1/2 ˜ 9%d& 1/3 ˜
9x + y 1/2
3 y
9%d + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜
9x + ) 1/3
3
3
9%d + )3 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜
189
[LSK] 9%Á%< 3/2

3 Sˆ%"W 1/1 É
9x + Á%< 3/2
3
9% + Á%< 3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_
Declension of 9x (w- -! 1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

9%& 7.2.85, 9%d_ 6.1.78 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
2 9%d< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above
3 9%d% 6.1.78 9%Á%< 3 7.2.85 9%"p& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 9%d4 6.1.78 same as above 9%Á& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
6 same as above 9%dj& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 9%d%< 3 6.1.78
7 9%"d 6.1.78 same as above 9%)
190
"5 6$%& y. .5
y-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) z#_
z#%d"V S"V z#_ (moon) ˜

z#x Q1?ªd4 (1P) to decline + 2_ (h´ 2.65) z#%("WÁ%! 2_& ˜
z# 3 + y (>%´) "2§)%<?"%?W 3 pŸ%" ¾4 #ð &˜
z#_ 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
[LSK] z#_& 1/1 ˜

z#_ + ) 5 1/1
z#_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] z#%>_ 1/2 ˜ z#%>& 1/3 ˜
z#_ + y 1/2
3 y
z#%> + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜
z#_ + ) 1/3
3
3
z#%> + )3 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜
[LSK] z#_Á%< 3/2
3 Sˆ%"W 1/1 É
Declension of z#_ (y- -! 1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 z#_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 z#%>_ 6.1.78 z#%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
2 z#%>< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above
3 z#%>% 6.1.78 z#_Á%< 3 z#_"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 z#%>4 6.1.78 same as above z#_Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 z#%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
6 same as above z#%>j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 z#%>%< 3 6.1.78
7 z#%"> 6.1.78 same as above z#_1 8.3.59
[LSK] S"V 0 "5 6$%& 1/3 É

Thus ends the section of vowel-ending masculine words.
191
0% {G`"#$%&
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9<%
There is no W 3
word in feminine because feminine suffix ¾% will invariably come
by 4.1.4 3
%•Vk% ˜.
3 9<% (LakVmī) ˜
9<V4 "> (% )%*< S"V
3
9< 5 H`2%d%< (1A) to rejoice + n 3 3.1.134 ("A¥"Q n%"WÁj ô"ƒÑn&˜
9< 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
9< + ¾% 3 4.1.4 %•Vk% ˜3
9<% 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜
3
)FGs applicable for O -ending $
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ 3
7.1.18 y† O & ˜ ~ $%V \`
1
~ #j &
S1 3 & $Ÿ
7.3.106 )}^_ n ˜ ~ ºV O same as above
2 same as above
3 3
7.3.105 O"† n% & ˜ ~ $Ÿ ºV u")
4 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ˜ ~ $%V "†V&
5 same as above
7.3.105 O"† n% & ˜ ~ $Ÿ ºV 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜
6 same as above
u") ~ O"<
[LSK] 9<% 1/1 ˜

9<% + ) 5 1/1
9<% 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜
3 this sūtra represents ¾% , 3 2% and
O in 3 n% . 3
192
•`"#$%& O. •`.
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.18 y† O & ˜ ~ $%V \`
3
y after O -ending $ is replaced by \`.
5 6
$ O 3 y
1
\`
y†& 6/1 O & 5/1 ˜ ~ $%V 5/1

3 \` 1/1

• y†& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is y†;3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`. y† 3 is an old name for y and y¾ 3 given by
>F %?n%d?.
• O & 5/1 – This is adjective to $%V. 3 With VW ">"f, it results in “Oa %V 3 $%V”.3
• $%V 35/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜. ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< takes place as Lˆd is to be
replaced. Note that from 7.1.1 to 7.1.57, Lˆd is to be modified.
• \` 1/1 – From 7.1.17 )& \`˜. This is OW4\.
[LSK] Oa %V 5/1
3 $%V 5/1
3 9Ÿ 6/1 y†& 6/1 \` 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
3
\` is the substitute in the place of y after O -ending $.
[LSK] y† 3 S"V 0 y*%9-">pŒ4 & 6/1 )!U% 1/1 ˜
y† 3 is a technical name for ">p"Œ y.
[LSK] 9<4 1/2|
9<% + y 1/2
9<% + \` 3
7.1.18 y† O & ˜ ~ $%V \`
9<% + [ 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ~ LˆdŸ O"W&
OW4\ \` is seen as Lˆd by 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_˜
9<4 6.1.87 Oíƒ&˜
[LSK] 9<%& 1/3|
9<% + ) 1/3
3
9<%) 3 ? >ƒ?&˜ is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜.

6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
193
Finally, 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜
[">"f)FG<]3 3 & $Ÿ
7.3.106 )}^_ n ˜ ~ ºV O
3
When )}"^ follows, the last letter of O -ending $ is replaced by º.
6 7
$ O 3 )}"^
1
º
)}^_ 7/1 n 0 ˜ ~ ºV 1/1

3 O & 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1

• )}^_ 7/1 – L%"V "W* is )}"^; in 9)®<`. )}"^ is )!U% given to ) 5 in )}jf( by 2.3.49 º*>n(!
)}"^& ˜ ~ L0<% )}jf( 4
• ºV 3 1/1 – This is OW4\. V 9*9ƒ is just for clarity.
• O & 6/1 – From 7.3.105 O"† n% &˜. Being ">\41ƒ (adjective) to $Ÿ, VW ">"f is applied
by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜, and it results in “Oa Ÿ $Ÿ”.
[LSK] O & 6/1 º*%9& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1

3 )}^_ 7/1 ˜
3
º is the substitute in the place of the last letter of O -ending $, when it is followed
by )}"^, ) 5 of )}jf(.
[LSK] “º†á3 o%V”3 (6.1.69) S"V 0 )}"^#j & 1/1 ˜ Q4 9<4 S1/1 ˜
9<% + ) 5 S1/1
9<4 + ) 3 3 & $Ÿ
7.3.106 )}^_ n ˜ ~ ºV O
9<4 3 ^4&˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 º†á3 o%V )}
[LSK] Q4 9<4 S1/2 ˜ Q4 9<%& S1/3 ˜ 9<%< 2/1
3 ˜ 9<4 2/2 ˜ 9<%& 2/3 ˜
S1/2, S1/3, 2/2 are always the same as 1/2 and 1/3 in any \]. As for 2/1, 6.1.107
"< >F &? ˜, and for 2/3, 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >ƒ?&˜ is used. Note that 6.1.103 Vµ%Ù)j (& "! )˜
does not apply here as it is feminine.
194
•`"#$%& O. •`.
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.105 O"† n% & ˜ ~ $Ÿ ºV u")
3
When ¾% or u) follows, 3
the last letter of O -ending $ is replaced by º.
6 7
$ O 3 ¾%/u) 3
1
º
O"† 7/1 n 0 O & 6/1 ˜ ~ $Ÿ 6/1 ºV 1/1

3 u") 7/1

• O"† 7/1 – L%"V "W* is O†;3 old term for ¾% by >F %?n%d?s; in 9)®<`.
• O & 6/1 – Being ">\41ƒ (adjective) to $Ÿ, VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"f W Ÿ˜,
and it results in “Oa Ÿ $Ÿ”.
• ºV 3 1/1 – This is OW4\. V 9*9ƒ is just for clarity.
• u") 7/1 – L%"V "W* is u); 3 ">p"Œ for 6/2 and 7/2; in 9)®<`.
[LSK] O"† 7/1 u") 7/1 n O & 6/1 º*%9& 1/1 ˜

3
º is the substitute in the place of the last letter of O -ending $, when it is followed
by ¾% or u). 3
[LSK] 9<d% 3/1 ˜
9<% + ¾%
9<4 + O 3
7.3.105 O"† n% & ˜ ~ $Ÿ ºV u")
3 O
9<d + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜ ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
[LSK] 9<%Á%< 3/2

3 ˜ 9<%"p& 3/3 ˜
195
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ˜ ~ $%V "†V&
3
When O -ending 3
$ precedes, "†V-Lˆd takes d%¾ 3-Ov< at the beginning of it.
5 6
$ O 3 3
"†V-Lˆd
1
d%¾ 3
d%¾ 1/1
3 O & 5/1 ˜ ~ $%V 5/1
3 "†V& 6/1

• d%¾ 3 1/1 – This is Ov<. With 1.1.46 O• _ ¾"*V_˜, it becomes O"W- >d>.
• O & 5/1 – This is adjective to $%V. 3 With VW ">"f, it results in “Oa %V 3 $%V”.3
• "†V& 6/1 – From 7.3.111 T4"†? "V˜. ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< takes place as it is the one which takes
Ov<; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
[LSK] O & 5/1 "†V& 6/1 d%¾ 1/1

3 ˜
3
d%¾ 3 is O"W- >d>-Ov< for "†V when 3
O -ending $ precedes.
[LSK] >t"^& 1/1 ˜ 9<%d x 4/1 ˜
9<% + †4
3
9<% + d%¾ 3 + º 7.3.113 d%2% & ˜ ~ $%V "†V&
3 w
9<% + d + 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ˜ ~ OV )!
9<%d x
[LSK] 9<%Á%< 4/2,

3 5/2 ˜ 9<%"p& 4/3, 5/3 ˜
[LSK] 9<%d%& 5/1, 6/1 ˜

9<% + †")5
9<% + d%¾ 3 + ) 3 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ˜ ~ $%V "†V&
9<% + d%) 3 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
9<%d%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
196
•`"#$%& O. •`.
[LSK] 9<dj& 6/2, 7/2 ˜

9<% + u) 3
9<4 + u) 3 3
7.3.105 O"† n% & ˜ ~ $Ÿ ºV u")
3 u) 3
9<d + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜ ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
9<dj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] 9<%ƒ%< 6/3
3 ˜
9<% + O< 3
3
9<% + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O"<
9<% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ W`T&? (This is applied even though it is redundant, called ? >V)3
Ñ
9<%ƒ%< 3 8.4.2 X*é% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ (& ƒ&
[LSK] 9<%d%< 7/1
3 ˜
9<% + "†
9<% + O< 3 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜
9<% + d%¾ 3 O< 3 7.3.113 d%2% & ˜ ~ $%V "†V&
3
9<% + d%< 3 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3

9<%d%< 3
[LSK] 9<%) 7/3 ˜
9<% + ) 3
9<%)
[LSK] º>< 03 ,v%?- "}*%-OWd& 1/3 É

In this manner, ,v%?, "}*%, etc., decline.
Other O-ending feminine words which decline in this manner are: ">•%, <%d%, v$%,
S@%, º*V%, *t %, O\Y%, "n %, " U%)%, vQ%, W4>V%, "(I%, "(È%, p%1%, etc.
197
Declension of 9<% (O-{G`-1)

O -3 -{G`"#$-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

9<% + ) 5 9<% + y 9<% + ) 3
1 9<% 6.1.68 9<% + \` 7.1.18 9<%) 3 6.1.101
9<4 6.1.87 9<%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<% + ) 5
S1 9<4 + ) 3 7.3.106 same as above same as above
9<4 6.1.69
9<% + < 3 9<% + \) 3
2 9<%< 3 6.1.107 same as above 9<%) 3 6.1.102
9<%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<% + ¾% 9<% + Á%< 3 9<% + "p) 3
3 9<4 + O 7.3.105 9<%Á%< 3 9<%"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<d% 6.1.78
9<% + †4 9<% + Á) 3
9<% + d%¾ 3 º 7.3.113 9<%Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
9<% + d x 6.1.88
Q9d4
9<% + †")5
3
9<% + d%¾ 3 ) 7.3.113
9<% + d%) 3 6.1.101
9<%d%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<% + u) 3 9<% + O< 3
9<4 + u) 3 7.3.105 3
9<% + ( O< 3 7.1.54
6 same as above
9<d +3 u) 3 6.1.78 9<% + (%< 3 6.4.3
9<dj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 9<%ƒ%< 3 8.4.2
9<% + "† 9<% + ) 3
9<% + O< 3 7.3.116 9<%)
7 same as above
9<% + d%¾ 3 O< 3 7.3.113
9<%d%< 3 6.1.101
198
•`"#$%& O. •`.
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>%?
All W 3 4.1.4
)>?(%< words in feminine take feminine suffix ¾% by 3 They
%•Vk% ˜.
are: )>%?, ">P%, hp%, 2V9 and 2V< ending words (dV9%, dV<%, etc. 6), Ñ%, ÑV9%, SV9%, §%, (<4 %,
)<%, ")<%, >F %?, 9%, >9%, W"ªƒ%, h|9%, 9%, f9%, o%, 9%, and º*%. 13
)>? + ¾% 3 4.1.4 %•Vk% ˜3

)>%? 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜
)>?(%<)!U% for )>? by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(
Note that L%"V "W* with {G`-Lˆd is still considered to be L%"V "W* by "9p%1% “L%"V "W*-
3 (mentioning of L%"V "W* includes the one conditioned by gender).
¥Qƒ4 "#$">"\kŸ%" ¥Qƒ<˜”
This "9p%1% is commonly called “"#$">"\k "9p%1%”.
Declension of )>%? (O-{G`-2 #1)

)>?(%<)!U*& O -3 -{G`"#$-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1
4 )>?Ÿ x 7.3.114, 6.1.88
5 )>?Ÿ%& 7.3.114, 6.1.101
6 same as above )>%?)%< 3 7.1.52, 6.4.3
7 )>?Ÿ%< 3 7.3.116, 7.3.114, 6.1.101
The rest declines like 9<%.
13
3
As for hpd, †` comes by 4.1.15, to make hpd`, which declines like (W`.
199
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ˜ ~ O & "†V&

3
When O -ending 3
)>?(%< precedes, "†V-Lˆd takes Ÿ%¾ 3-Ov< at the beginning of it.
And the last letter of )>?(%< becomes áo.
5 6
)>?(%< O 3 "†V-Lˆd
3
1
Ÿ%¾ 3-Ov<
1
áo
)>?(% & 5/1 Ÿ%¾ 1/1

3 áo& 1/1 n 0 ˜ ~ O & 5/1 "†V& 6/1
• )>?(% & 5/1 – )>?(%<)!U* word; in >F ? Æ<`.
• 3
Ÿ%¾ 3 1/1 – This is Ov<. With 1.1.46 O• _ ¾"*V_˜, it becomes O"W- >d> of "†V-Lˆd.
• áo& 1/1 – This is OW4\. With 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜, it replaces the last letter.
• n 0 – This n*%9 indicates there are two *%d?s.
• O & 5/1 – From 7.3.113 d%2% &˜. This is adjective to )>?(% &. With VW ">"f, it results in
3 (% &”.
“Oa %V )>?
• "†V& 6/1 – From 7.3.111 T4"†? "V˜. ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< takes place as it is the one which takes
Ov<; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
[LSK] Oa %V 5/1
3 )>?(% & 5/1 "†V& 6/1 Ÿ%¾ 1/1
3 Ÿ%V 1/1
3 O & 6/1 n 0 áo& 1/1 ˜
Ÿ%¾ is 3
3 O"W- >d>-Ov< for "†V after 3
O -ending )>?(%<, and áo is the substitute in the
3
place of the last letter of O -ending )>?(%<.
[LSK] )>?Ÿ x 4/1 ˜
)>%? + †4
)>%? + Ÿ%¾ 3 + º 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ˜ ~ O & "†V&
)>? + Ÿ%¾ 3 + º 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ˜ ~ O & "†V&
3 w
)>? + Ÿ + 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ˜ ~ OV )!
)>?Ÿ x
200
•`"#$%& O. •`.
[LSK] )>?Ÿ%& 5/1, 6/1 ˜

)>%? + †")5
)>%? + Ÿ%¾ 3 + ) 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ˜ ~ O & "†V&
)>? + Ÿ%¾ 3 + ) 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ˜ ~ O & "†V&
)>? + Ÿ%) 3 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
)>?Ÿ%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] )>%?)%< 6/3
3 ˜
)>%? + O< 3
3
)>%? + ) O< 3 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & )¾ 3 ˜
)>%? + )%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ W`T&? ( ? >V)3
Ñ
[LSK] )>?Ÿ%< 7/1
3 ˜
)>%? + "†
)>%? + O< 3 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜
)>%? + Ÿ%¾ 3 + O< 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ˜ ~ O & "†V&
)>? + Ÿ%¾ 3 + O< 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ˜ ~ O & "†V&
)>? + Ÿ%< 3 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜ ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
)>?Ÿ%< 3
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9<%>V 03 É
[LSK] º>< 03 ">P%-OWd& 1/3 Oa %& 1/3 É

In this manner, ">P%, etc., O-ending )>?(%< feminine words decline.
201
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #2 h|9 >F %?
When >F %? (east), h|9% (north), and W"ªƒ% (south) come as the h|9 W in ab `"Q)<%),
)>?(%<-)!U% is optional by the next sūtra.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.28 ">p%1% "W[<%)4 ab `Q_ ˜ ~ )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(

In ab `"Q-)<%), which is about direction, members of )>%?"Wvƒ get optional )>?(%<-)!U%.
">p%1% 1/1 "W[<%)4 7/1 ab `Q_ 7/1 ˜ ~ )>%?W`"( 1/3 )>?(%<%"( 1/3
• ">p%1% 1/1 – )>?(%<-)!U% is optional.
• "W[<%)4 7/1 – "W\%! )<%)& "W[<%)& (6T), V"µ( ˜3 Compound of direction; in "f*9ƒ)®<`.
• ab `Q_ 7/1 – L%"V "W* is ab `"Q, a type of )<%); in "f*9ƒ)®<`.
• )>%?W`"( 1/3 – This is )!U`.
• )>?(%<%"( 1/3 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] )>?(%<V% 1/1 >% 0 ˜

The status of )>?(%< is optional.
? x 4/1, h|9 >F %?d x 4/1 ˜
[LSK] h|9 >F Ÿ
? %& n "W\j&
h|9Ÿ%& n >F Ÿ 9%#% "W* 3 h|9 >F %? ˜
The direction between two directions of north and east is called h|9 >F %?, north-east.
3 >F %? + †) 3
h|9% + †) + 2.2.26 "Wï%<%Ñ 9%#4 ˜ ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |%"^V)<%)%» ˜~ L%"V "W*< 3
h|9% + >F %? 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
h|9 + >F %? (>%´) )>?(% j >t"|<%G4 >! ö%>& ˜
h|9 >F %?
Optional )>?(%<-)!U% 1.1.28 ">p%1% "W[<%)4 ab `Q_ ˜ ~ )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(
3
Because of this sūtra, there are two forms when "†V and 3
O< follow.
202
•`"#$%& O. •`.
Declension of h|9 >F %? (O-{G`-2 #2)

Optional )>?(%<-)!U% by being "W[<%) ab `"Q
O -3 -{G`"#$-\]s
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1
4 ? x/h|9 >F %?d x

h|9 >F Ÿ
5 ? xŸ%&/h|9 >F %?d%&

h|9 >F Ÿ
6 same as above 3
h|9 >F %?)%</h|9 >F %?ƒ%< 3
7 3
? %</h|9
h|9 >F Ÿ >F %?d%< 3
In the same manner, W"ªƒ >F %? (south-east), >F ð|9% (east-north), "»<j|9% (west-north),
"»<W"ªƒ% (west-south), >F W? "ªƒ% (east-south), etc.14
14
There is no >F "? ( %V regulation between the "W* 3 words.
203
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #3 "ZV`d%
[LSK] “(>%´) V`dŸ ("†³ >%)” S"V 0 >% 0 )>?(%<)!U% 1/1 ˜

3
By the >%"V?* “V`dŸ "†³ >%| For a V`d-suffix-ending word, when "†V suffix follows,
)>?(%<-)!U% is optional”, "ZV`d% and VV`d% gain optional )>?(%<-)!U%.
[LSK] "ZV`dŸ x 4/1, "ZV`d%d x 4/1 É
3
When "†V follows, there are two forms; one is with )>?(%<-)!U%, and the other is
without.
Declension of "ZV`d% (O-{G`-2 #3)

Optional )>?(%<-)!U% when "†Vs3 follow
O -3 -{G`"#$-\]
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1
4 "ZV`dŸ x/"ZV`d%d x
5 "ZV`dŸ%&/"ZV`d%d%&
6 same as above
7 3
"ZV`dŸ%</"ZV`d%d%< 3
[LSK] º>< 03 VtV`d% 1/1 É

VtV`d% declines in the same manner.
204
•`"#$%& O. •`.
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) }%
O-ending feminine words which have the meaning of mother take áo-OW4\ in
)}"^ by 7.3.107 }%0 ?(•já?o&˜.
[LSK] Q4 } S1/1 ˜ Q4 ¼ S1/1 ˜ Q4 6 S1/1 ˜

}% + ) S1/1
}+)3 7.3.107 }%0(? •já?o&˜ ~ $Ÿ )}^_
} 3 ^4& ˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 º†á3 o%V )}
¼% and 6%, both are in the meaning of mother, decline in the same manner.
Declension of }% (O-{G`-3)
}%0&? O -3 -{G`"#$-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1 Q4 }
205
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) 9%
9% (old age) has its own special sūtra: 7.2.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%<˜3 ~ "n. Because of
this sūtra, when %"W-Lˆd follows, there are optional forms in which $ is “ 9)”.3
Everywhere else is like 9<%.
[LSK] 9% 1/1 ˜ 9)_ 1/2 Sˆ%"W 1/1 ˜

9% + y 1/2
3 y
9) + 7.2.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%<˜3 ~ "n
9)_
ª4 94 1/2
Declension of 9% (O-{G`-4)
9%-\]& O -3 -{G`"#$\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 9)_/ 94 9)&/ 9%&
2 9)</3 9%< 3 same as above 9)&/ 9%&
3 9)%/ 9d%
4 9)4/ 9%d x
5 9)&/ 9%d%&
6 same as above 9)j&/ 9dj& 9)%</3 9%ƒ%< 3
7 9")/ 9%d%< 3 same as above
206
•`"#$%& O. •`.
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (5) vj %
This is a f%V- >d>-O*%9% word, like ">P %, and declines in exactly the same way as
3 4.1.4
">P % in "5 6$. There is no {G`Lˆd, such as ¾% by 3 applicable to this word.
%•Vk% ˜,
v%! %"V 9ª"V S"V vj % ˜

vj + % 9ªƒ4 (2P) to protect + "ç 3
[LSK] vj %& 1/1 ˜

vj % + ) 5 1/1
vj %& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
With p-)!U%, the last letter of $ is elided by 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj&˜ ~ pŸ #j &.
vj % + \) 3
3
vj + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj&˜ ~ pŸ #j &
Declension of vj % (O-{G`-5)
f%V- >d>-O*%9% - (%a -{G`"#$\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 vj %& vj _ vj %&
2 vj %< 3 same as above vj & 6.4.140
3 vj % 6.4.140 vj %Á%< 3 vj %"p&
4 vj 4 6.4.140 same as above vj %Á&
5 vj & 6.4.140 same as above same as above
6 same as above vj j& 6.4.140 vj %< 3 6.4.140
7 vj" 6.4.140 same as above vj %)
The entire declension is the same as for ">P % in "5 6$.
207
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) <"V
3 4 (4A) to consider + "Œ( 3

<( U%( 3.3.94 "{Gd%! "Œ( ˜3
< + "V 6.4.37 (W%|j W4\->("V-V(jˆ%W`(%<((%")* #j j "# "\†"V ˜ ~ $Ÿ
<"V (intellect)
[LSK] <V`& 2/3 ˜

<"V + \) 3
3 [+)3
<V + ? >ƒ?& ˜ ~ W`T&?
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
<V`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Note that 6.1.103 Vµ%Ù)j (& "! ) ˜ is not applicable here as <"V \] is feminine.
[LSK] <ˆ% 3/1 ˜
<"V + ¾%
<ˆ% 6.1.77 S*j dƒÔ"n ˜
Note that 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%<˜3 ~ T4& is not applicable because it is feminine.
How does <"V get "T-)!U%? This will become clear by the next sūtra.
208
•`"#$%& S. •`.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.6 "†"V áo» ˜ ~ dF +%–_ (W` Sd†>†Û

3 %(_ {G` >%
3
When "†V-Lˆd follows, optional (W`-)!U% is given to two types of words:
3 h>† 3 OW4\, excluding “{G`”
A. [/l-ending feminine (fixed-gender) word, which take Sd†/
B. S/h-ending non-fixed-gender feminine words.
"†"V 7/1 áo& 1/1 n 0 ˜ ~ dF 1/2 +%–_ 1/2 (W` 1/1 Sd†>åÛ%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1 >% 0
• "†"V 7/1 – L%"V "W* is "†V; 3 represents all "†V Lˆd
3 in ) ; 3 in 9)®<`.
• áo& 1/1 – This is adjective to dF only in sentence B.
• n 0 – By this n*%9, two sentences are made. See below.
• dF 1/2 – For sentence A, W`T ? [/l are intended. [& n l& n dF (ID)˜;
For sentence B, with adjective áo&, áo S/h are to be understood.
• 3
+%–_ 1/2 – "{Gd< Onª%V4 ˜ (Words which) tell feminine.
For sentence A, "(ˆ{G`"#$ words, the words which always appear in feminine.
For sentence B, Just {G`"#$ words, including "(ˆ{G`"#$ words, as well as hpd"#$ words,
i.e., 9"ƒ and S1, or "G"#$ words, i.e., 2 and <t,.
• Sd†>†-3 Û%(_ 1/2 – This is only for sentence A. L%"V "W*s which take Sd†/
3 h>† 3 OW4\ (by
6.4.77, etc.) such as c`; Sd† 3 n h>† 3 n Sd†>†_ (ID)˜ Sd†>†j& Û%(! ddj& V_ Sd†>†-3 Û%(_
(116B) ˜ Words which have Û%( (= Û%"((s)3 for Sd†/
3 h>† 3 OW4\.
• {G` 1/1 – ( {G` {G` (NT)˜ This is to exclude L%"V "W* “{G`” from sentence A.
• >% 0 – (W`-)!U% is optional. The other option for group B is "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y˜.
[LSK] Sd†>†-3 Û%(_ 1/2 {G`\]"p©_ 1/2 "(ˆ{G`"#$_ 1/2 [¿V_ 1/2, áo_ 1/2 n 0 S>ƒ?-h>ƒÖ 1/2 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 >%
0
(W`)!U_ 1/2 & III/2 "†"V 7/1 ˜
3
Optional (W`-)!U% is given to these two types of words, when "†V follows.
A. Sd†>†-3 Û%(_ "(ˆ{G`"#$_ dF ([» l») other than the word “{G`”
B. n/a {G`"#$_ dF (S» h»)
A. W`T ? [/l-ending "(ˆ{G`"#$ words which are Û%"((s)3 for Sd†/
3 h>† 3 OW4\, other than {G`
B. áo S/h-ending {G`"#$ words
209
1.4.6 – A This gives L%®-">p%1% to words for which (W`-)!U% was denied by 1.4.4.
1.4.6 – B If the short S/h-ending word is feminine, and followed by "†V, 3 (W`-)!U%.
This is >%W to 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜
1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜ Any short S/h-ending gets "T-)!U%.
[LSK] <ˆ x 4/1, <Vd4 4/1 ˜

<"V + †4
Optional (W`-)!U% is given by 1.4.6 "†"V áo» ˜ ~ dF +%–_ (W` Sd†>åÛ%(_ {G` >%
<"V + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜ ~ "†"V
<"V + w 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ >t"^& "n
<ˆ x 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜
When (W`-)!U% is not given, then it is \41, thus 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜
<"V + †4
<V4 + º 7.3.111 T4"†? "V ˜ ~ vƒ&
3 º
<Vd + 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜ ~ "n
<Vd4
[LSK] <ˆ%& 5/1, 6/1 ¹ ˜ <V4& 5/1, 6/1 ¹ É
<"V + †")5
<"V + O¾ 3 ) 3 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜ ~ "†"V
<"V + O) 3 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ >t"^& "n
<ˆ%& 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + †")5
<V4 + ) 3 7.3.111 T4"†? "V ˜ ~ vƒ&
<V4) 3 ? <3
6.1.110 †")†)j» ˜ ~ >F £
<V4& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
210
•`"#$%& S. •`.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.117 S,W 3Á%< ˜3 ~ †4 & O< (W`Á%<

3 3
3
"†-Lˆd is replaced by O< when it is preceded by S/h-ending (W`-)!U* word.
5 6
(W` S/h "†
1
O< 3
S,-%< 5/2
3 ˜ ~ †4 & 6/1 O< 1/1
3 (W`Á%< 5/2
3

• 3
S,-%< 5/2 3 hV n
– SV n 3 S,V_ (ID), V%Á%< S,-%<
3 ; 3 in >F ? Æ<`.
• 3
†4 & 6/1 – L%"V "W* is "†, ) -Lˆd in 6/1; in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
• 3
O< 1/1 3
– This is OW4\; the Û%"(( being 4 %"ò³>?Ÿ ˜ is
a single letter, "9p%1% 1.1.55 (*
not required.
• 3
(W`Á%< 5/2 – From 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜, only (W` is taken; >n("> "9ƒ%< is made in order
to match with S,-%<; 3 in >F ? Æ<`.
[LSK] S,-%< 5/2

3 (W`-)!U*%Á%< 5/2
3 9Ÿ 6/1 †4 & 6/1 O< 1/1
3 ˜
3 the substitute in the place of "† after S/h-ending word with (W`-)!U%.
O< is
[LSK] <ˆ%< 7/1
3 , <V_ 7/1 ˜
<"V + "†
<"V + O< 3 7.3.117 S,-%< ˜3 ~ †4 & O< (W`Á%<
3 3
3
<"V + O¾ 3 O< 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜ ~ "†"V
<"V + O< 3 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ >t"^& "n
<ˆ%< 3 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜
<"V + "†
<V + y 3
7.3.119 Í T4& ˜ ~ S,W 3Á%< yV 3
<V_ 6.1.88 >t"^94"n˜
211
In "¾ßƒ` -, there is a discussion on why 7.3.117 S,-%< ˜3 is needed while 7.3.116

†4 9% •% `Á&˜ itself could make “<ˆ%< 7/1
3 ”.
3 \ (7.3.118) being 9*%d? to O<-OW4
A summarized answer is this: yV-OW4 3 \ (7.3.116),
there would be "(k")"^. As a solution to this situation, 7.3.117 S,-%< ˜3 is started as >%W
to 7.3.118 yV ˜3 ~ S,-%<. 3
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] (( (W`)!U%- ª4 “<ˆ%<”3 S"V G “†4 9%< (•%<

3 –3 (7.3.116)” S"V )FGƒ
4 º> †4 & O"< ")^4
3
()"V), “S,-%< (7.3.117)” 3 n4V –3
S"V ’0<? S"V
Objection: Here, “<ˆ%<”3 in (W`)!U%- ª, when O<-OW4
3 \ for "† is accomplished by
3
7.3.116 †4 9%< (•%<…3 ˜, this sūtra 7.3.117 S,-%< ˜3 is useless.
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] (, “v_;%?<“3 Sˆ%W_ “†4 9%< (•%<

3 –3 (7.3.116)” S"V Ÿ, “)–_” “ ˆ_” S"V G n “yV 3
3
(7.3.118)” S"V Ÿ n%"9V%"æ( (Vôa#">9jf4 )"V) 9§%V (1.4.2 3 L*t V4 yV S"V
">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<˜) 3 Ÿ
L>t"|-O |4& ˜
3
Resolution: That is not so. For both 7.3.116 †4 9%< (•%<…3 ˜ as in v_;%?< ([-ending
3 with
(W`)!U%) and 7.3.118 yV ˜3 ~ S,-%< as
3 in )–_ and ˆ_ (S-ending), there are their own scopes
of operation. In our case of <"V (S-ending with (W`)!U%), both sūtras are applicable. This is
3
called ">L"V14f. Then yV will be applied, because of being told later. And this is not desired.
">L"V14f&
( ÑG%ÑG #6%>*%\dj94*G dv à%"® ôa#">9jf&)
v_d%?< 3 )–_, ˆ_
3 (W`-)!U* by
O< for <"V 3 S/h by
yV for
7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜ 3 ˜3
7.3.117, 118 S,-%< yV
By 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<˜,3 yV by

3 the 9)FG will be taken. This is not Sk.
212
•`"#$%& S. •`.
3
[LSK "¾ßƒ` -] )"V V "µ( "(9>*%\4 3
( ((4 (“S,-%< (7.3.117)” 3
4 ) “yV (7.3.118)”
S"V )FGƒ S"V Ÿ
()FGŸ) a%f& S"V O\d4( OQ – “S,-%<”3 S"V É
If this is the case, by separating 7.3.117 S,-%< ˜3 and making it >%W ("(9>*%\), it will
3 To tell this, the next sūtra “S,-%<”3 starts –
be the negation for 7.3.118 yV ˜.
Problem:
7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜ <"V + O< 3 is ideal, but -

3
7.3.117, 118 S,-%< yV ˜3 <"V + yV 3 will happen because this is 9*%d?<. 3
Solution:
7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜
3 it becomes
By separating 7.3.117 S,-%< ˜, >%W
7.3.117 S,-%< ˜3
to 7.3.118 yV ˜3
7.3.118 yV ˜3
7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜ v_d%?< 3

7.3.117 S,-%< ˜3 ~ O< (•%&
3 <ˆ%< 3
7.3.118 yV ˜3 ~ S,W 3pd< 3 )–_, ˆ_
7.3.119 Í T4&˜ ~ yV 3 Q9_, <V_
213
[LSK] \41< 1/1

3 Q"9>V 03 É
The rest declines like Q"9.

Declension of <"V (S-{G`-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

<"V + ) 5 <"V + y <"V + ) 3
<"VË5 8.2.66 <V` 6.1.102 <V4 + ) 3 7.3.109
1
<"V& 8.3.15 <Vd +3 ) 3 6.1.78
<Vd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + ) 5
S1 <V4 + ) 3 7.3.108 same as above same as above
<V4 6.1.69
<"V + < 3 <"V + \) 3
2 <"V< 3 6.1.107 same as above <V`) 3 6.1.102
<V`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + ¾% <"V + Á%< 3 <"V + "p) 3
3
<ˆ% 6.1.77 <"VÁ%< 3 <"V"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + †4 <"V + †4 <"V + Á) 3
<"V + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 <V4 + º 7.3.111 <"VÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
<"V + w 6.1.90 <Vd +3 º 6.1.78
<ˆ x 6.1.77 <Vd4
<"V + †")5 <"V + †")5
3
<"V + O¾ 3 ) 7.3.112 <V4 + ) 3 7.3.111
5 <"V + O) 3 6.1.90 <V4) 3 6.1.110 same as above same as above
3 O) 3
<ˆ + 6.1.77 <V4& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<ˆ%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + u) 3 <"V + O< 3
6 same as above same as above <ˆ +3 u) 3 6.1.77 3
<"V + ( O< 3 7.1.54
<ˆj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 <V`(%< 3 6.4.3
<"V + "† <"V + "† <"V + ) 3
<"V + O< 3 7.3.117 <"V + y 7.3.119 <"V1 8.3.59
7 <"V + O¾ 3 O< 3 7.3.112 <V + y 7.3.119 same as above
<"V + O< 3 6.1.90 <V_ 6.1.88
<ˆ%< 3 6.1.77
3
When "†V follows, optional (W`-)!U% by 1.4.6 "†"V áo» ˜.
The rest declines like Q"9 except for 2/3.
214
•`"#$%& S. •`.
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) "G
"G (three) is "(âb>n(% &, always ending with plural suffix.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ ">pŒ_

"G and nV9 3are replaced by "V)t and nV)t, respectively, in feminine, when followed by
">p"Œ.
6 7
"G/nV9 3
">p"Œ
in feminine
1
"V)t/nV)t
"G-nV9j& 6/2 "{Gd%< 7/1

3 "V)t-nV)t 1/2 ˜ ~ ">pŒ_ 7/1

• "G-nV9j& 6/2 – "G (three) and nV9 3(four); in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• "{Gd%< 3 7/1 – Feminine; in ">1d)®<`.
• "V)t-nV)t 1/2– This is OW4\. By 1.3.10 d0%)Ì<(W4\& )<%(%<˜,3 "V)t replaces "G, and nV)t
replaces nV9.3 By "9p%1% 1.1.55 (* 3 replaced.15
4 %"ò³>?Ÿ ˜, the entire Û%"(( is
• ">pŒ_ 7/2 – From 7.2.84 k( O ">pŒ_; in 9)®<`.
[LSK] {G`"#$dj& 6/2 ºV_ 1/2 & III/2 ">pŒ_ 7/1 ˜

"V)t and nV)t are the substitutes in the place of "G and nV9 3in feminine, when ">p"Œ
follows.
"G + ) 1/3
3
"V)t + ) 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ ">pŒ_

When "V)t and nV)t are followed by vowel-beginning suffix, the next sūtra is applied.
15
3 applicable by 4.1.5 s©4Áj †` ˜3 but negated by 4.1.10 ( 1¾ 3-
After sW -OW4\, feminine suffix †` is
o %"WÁ&˜ since "V)t and nV)t are counted in o)t-O"Wvƒ.
215
[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ˜ ~ "V)tnV j&

3
s of "V)t and nV)t is replaced by 9 3when n follows.
6 7
"V)t/nV)t s n3
1
93
"n 7/1 9& 1/1 sV& 6/1 ˜ ~ "V)tnV j& 6/2

• "n 7/1 – In 9)®<`.
• 9& 1/1– 94è is the OW4\. after 94è is hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?.
• sV& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is sV, 3 a short s; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• "V)t-nV j& 6/2 – From the previous sūtra; with ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%<; in )}„4 1È` to sV&.
[LSK] “"V)tnV)t” ºVdj& 6/2 s*%9Ÿ 6/1 94è-OW4\& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 "n 7/1 ˜
3
94è is the substitute in the place of s of "V)tnV)t, when n follows.
[LSK] vƒ-W`T-? h÷%(%< 6/3
3 >%W& 1/1 ˜
This is >%W for vƒ, W`T,? and h÷16.
[LSK] "V & 1/3 ˜ "V & 2/3 ˜
"G + ) 3
"V)t + ) 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ ">pŒ_
3
"V + )3 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ˜ ~ "V)tnV j&
16
3
vƒ& – When ) follows, this sūtra negates vƒ told by 7.3.109 ") n ˜ ~ áoŸ vƒ& and 7.3.110 sVj
"†)>?(%<Û%(dj&˜ ~ vƒ.
3
W`T?& – When \) follows, ? >ƒ?&˜.
it this sūtra negates W`T? told by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
hV –3 When "V)t and nV)t are compounded as h|9 W and become v_ƒ, and †")5/†) follows,
3 this sūtra
3
negates hV told by 6.1.111 sV hV˜3 ~ †")†)j». For example, "Ld%& "V & dŸ )& "Ld)%˜ L%"V "W* is "Ld"G.
When ">p"Œ follows, •`§ is v_ƒ, "V)t-OW4\ is applied by 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "•d%! "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ ">pŒ_. In the
case of "Ld"G + †")5, it becomes "Ld"V)t + †")5 and 6.1.111 sV hV˜3 is L%®. By the >%W 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&
˜, the final form is "Ld"V &.
216
•`"#$%& S. •`.
[LSK] "V)t"p& 3/3 ˜ "V)tÁ& 4/3 ˜ "V)tÁ& 5/3 ˜

[LSK] O"< 7/1 (¾ 1/1
3 ˜
"G + O< 3
"V)t + O< 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ ">pŒ_
Here, ">L"V14f happens between 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3˜ and 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&˜ ~
"V)tnV j&. By (>%´) (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜, (¾ 3 takes precedence.
"V)t + (%< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3˜
Now, 6.4.3 (%"< is applicable. The next sūtra is "(14f for that.
["(14f)FG<]3 6.4.4 ( "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ (%"< W`T?&

3
W`T ? does not happen for "V)t and nV)t even when (%< follows.
6 7
"V)t/nV)t n3 (%< 3
1
W`T ?
( 0 "V)tnV)t 6/2 ˜ ~ (%"< 7/1 W`T&? 1/1

• ( 0 – Negation to W`T.?
• ? >ƒ%?Ù4d%2%]%d% %#&.
"V)tnV)t 6/2 – ">p"Œ is ã® by 7.1.39 ) %! )ã2F>)
• (%"< 7/1 – In 9)®<`.
• W`T&? 1/1– This is the OW4\, which is negated by (.
[LSK] ("V)tnV)t) ºVdj& 6/2 (%"< 7/1 W`T&? 1/1 ( 0 ˜

3
W`T&? does not take place for "V)tnV)t, even when (%< follows.
[LSK] "V)tƒ%< 6/3
3 ˜
"G + O< 3
"V)t + O< 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ ">pŒ_
"V)t + (%< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3˜ with (>%´) (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜
W`T ? is prohibited by 6.4.4 ( "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ (%"< W`T&?
217
"V)t + ƒ%< 3 (>%´) s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< ˜3

[LSK] "V)t1 7/3 ˜
"G + )
"V)t + ) 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ˜ ~ ">pŒ_
"V)t + 1 ? & S¬*j&
8.3.59 OW4\Lˆddj&˜ ~ <FfÑ
Declension of "G (S-{G`-2)

"(âb>n(% &
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 "V & 7.2.99, 7.2.100
S1
2 "V & 7.2.99, 7.2.100
3 "V)t"p& 7.2.99
4 "V)tÁ& 7.2.99
5 same as above
6 "V)tƒ%< 3 7.2.99, 7.1.54, 6.4.4
7 "V)t1 7.2.99, 8.3.59
"V)t-OW4\ is only in feminine.
218
•`"#$%& S. •`.
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) "Z
"Z (two) is )>?(%<, and counted in ˆW%"W-vƒ. This is "(ˆ-"Z>n(% -\].

Because of 7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<& ˜~ ">pŒ_, it becomes -ending, and 4.1.4 %•Vk% ˜3 ~
3
"{Gd%< gives 3
¾% for -ending. Then, the L%"V "W* becomes Z%. Being "(ˆ-"Z>n(% -\] and
there is no )>?(%<)!U%"("<|*-*%d? in dual, it declines like 9<%.
[LSK] Z4 1/2 ˜ Z4 2/2 ˜ Z%Á%< 3/2

3 ˜ Z%Á%< 4/2
3 ˜ Z%Á%< 5/2
3 ˜ Zdj& 6/2 ˜ Zdj& 7/2 ˜
"Z + y
Z+y 7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<& ˜ ~ ">pŒ_
3 y
Z ¾% + 4.1.4 %•Vk% ˜3 ~ "{Gd%< 3
Z% + y 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜
Z% + \` 7.1.18 y† O & ˜ ~ \`
Z% + [ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óW_˜, 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜, 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
Z4 6.1.87 Oíƒ& ˜ ~ "n
Declension of "Z (S-{G`-3)

"(ˆ"Z>n(% -)>?(%<-)!U*-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 Z4
S1
2 Z4
3 Z%Á%< 3
4 same as above
5 same as above
6 Zdj&
7 same as above
Since there is no )>?(%<)!U%"("<|*-*%d? in dual, it declines like 9<%.

There is no )}jf( for "Z.
219
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) v_9`
v_9 (white) + †`1 3 4.1.41 "1W 3-v_9%"WÁ» ˜ ~ †`1 3

v_9 3+ [ 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n ˜ ~ pŸ #j &
v_9` (Pārvatī)
[LSK] v_9` 1/1 ˜

v_9` + ) 5
v_9` 3
6.1.68 Q#Ã%âj 3 "VŸ Œ
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
[LSK] v_;Ö 1/2 ˜
v_9` + y
3 y
v_d ? + ? >ƒ?&˜ by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜
6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜, after negating 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
3 y
v_; ? + 8.4.46 nj 9Q%Á%! Z4 ˜
v_;Ö
[LSK] v_;Ö 1/3 ˜
v_9` + ) 3
3
v_d ? + )3 ? >ƒ?&˜ by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ˜
6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜, after negating 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
3
v_; ? + )3 8.4.46 nj 9Q%Á%! Z4 ˜
v_;?& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] Q4 v_"9 S1/1 ˜
v_9` + ) 5
v_"9 + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? •já?o& ˜
v_"9 3 ^4& ˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 º†á3 o%V )}
[LSK] v_; 4/1 Sˆ%"W 1/1 ˜
v_9` + †4
v_"9 + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜ ~ "†"V
v_"9 + w 6.1.90 O¾» ˜ ~ "n >t"^&
v_d 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜
v_; 8.4.46 nj 9Q%Á%! Z4 ˜
220
•`"#$%& [. •`.
Declension of v_9` ([-{G`-1)

(W`-)!U*-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 v_9` v_;Ö v_;?&
S1 Q4 v_"9 same as above same as above
2 v_9`< 3 same as above v_9`&
3 v_;%? v_9`Á%< 3 v_9`"p&
4 v_; same as above v_9`Á&
5 v_;%?& same as above same as above
6 same as above v_;ð& v_9`ƒ%< 3
7 v_;%?< 3 same as above v_9`1
The entire declension is like abc4d)`, except for 2/3.
[LSK] º>< 03 (•%Wd& 1/3 É

(W`-)!U* L%"V "W*s such as (W`, )9oV`, _%`ƒ`, *<%9`, (%9`, )%9$`, etc., decline in the same
manner.
221
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) #e`
3 [
#ª + (h´ 3.160) #ª4<¾? 3 n ˜ ~ [
3 < [3
#ª + (h´ 3.160) #ª4<¾? 3 n ˜ ~ [
#e`
[LSK] #e`& 1/1 ˜ \41< 1/1

3 v_9`>V 03 ˜
Since the [ is from hƒ%"W-Lˆd, not feminine suffix †` (†` , 3 †`1, 3 †`(),3 6.1.68 Q#Ã%âj
3
3 "VŸ Œ
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j & does not apply in 1/1. This is the only difference from v_9`.
[LSK] º>< 03 V9`-Va%Wd& 1/3 ˜
V9`, V `, etc., decline in the same manner.
There are nine such feminine words, which do not end with †`-Lˆd, thus they are
3
not subject to 6.1.68 Q#Ã%âj 3 "VŸ Œ
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &.
>`-V `- 9`-#e`-V9`-f`-á`-"cd%! "pd& ˜
3 Gd%<41%! ( )#j & *W%n(& É
Ã §%V "{
Declension of #e` ([-{G`-2)

†`- -(W`-)!U*-\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 #e`&
S1
The rest is like v_9`.
222
•`"#$%& [. •`.
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) {G`
b x \])c%Vdj&
dx 6.1.64 f%§%W4& 1& )& ˜, ( ´) "("<|% %d4 ( x"<"|*Ÿ%ä %d&˜17
d x + e¾ 3 (h´ 4.167) d%dV4e¾? 3
3 9
d+ (>%´) "2§)%<"%?WpŸ%" ¾4 #ð &˜
3 9
+ 6.1.66 #j j ’j>?"# ˜
L%"V "W*)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
• + †` 3 3
4.1.15 "¾2 3- %ƒÏ-Zd) 3
-WfÏ 3
-<%Gn 3
-Vd 3 -3 þÏ-*Ï
-þ* 3 -ç9
3 & ˜ ~ †` 3
3 [
•+ 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n ˜ ~ pŸ #j &
{G`
(W`)!U% 1.4.3 dF +%–_ (W` ˜
[LSK] {G` 1/1 ˜

{G` + ) 5
{G` 3
6.1.68 Q#Ã%âj 3 "VŸ Œ
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &.
[LSK] Q4 "{G S1/1 ˜
{G` + ) 5
"{G + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? •já?o& ˜
"{G 3 ^4& ˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 º†á3 o%V )}
{G` + y
? >ƒ?W`T ? is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n˜, and 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n is L%®. Then the
Here, >F )
next sūtra comes.
17
"("<|Ÿ (of the cause) 3
%d& (removal) "("<|% %d&, V"µ( )"V ( x"<"|*Ÿ (of the effect) " %d& ˜
When the cause is removed, the effect is also gone.
223
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "n

{G`, when followed by n, 3 is changed into "{Gd. 3 (The last letter is replaced by Sd.)3
6 7
•` n3 Lˆd
1
Sd† 3
"{Gd%& 6/1 ˜ ~ Sd† 3 1/1 "n 7/1

• "{Gd%& 6/1 – L%"V "W* “{G`”; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3 decided as the last single letter by 1.1.53 "†Í.
Sd† 3 1/1 – Being "†V, 3 Û%"(( is
• "n 7/1 – In 9)®<`. In this $- "f*%9, “ $Ÿ” implies “Lˆd4”. By VW%"W">"f, “ %"W-Lˆd4”
is understood.
[LSK] Ÿ 6/1 Sd† 3 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1

3 %W_ 7/1 Lˆd4 7/1 94 7/1˜
Sd† 3 is the substitute in the place of the last letter of {G`-\], when a suffix beginning
3
with n follows.
[LSK] "{Gd_ 1/2 ˜
{G` + y
3 y
"{Gd + 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "n, after negating 6.1.102 by 6.1.105,
and 6.1.77 by this sūtra.
[LSK] "{Gd& 1/3 ˜
{G` + ) 3
3
"{Gd + )3 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "n
"{Gd& 8.2.66, 8.315
In 2.1, 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ is L%®. Then the next sūtra comes.
{G` + < 3
224
•`"#$%& [. •`.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.80 >%Ôê\)j& ˜ ~ "{Gd%& Sd† 3

3 \), 3 is optionally changed into "{Gd. 3 (The last letter is
{G`, when followed by < or
replaced by Sd.)3
6 7
•` 3
</\) 3
1
Optional
Sd† 3
>% 0 <-\)j&
3 7/2
˜ ~ "{Gd%& 6/1 Sd† 3 1/1
• >% 0 – Sd†-3 OW4\ is optional.
• 3
<-\)j& 3 2/1 and \) of
7/2 – < of 3 2/3; in 9)®<`.
• "{Gd%& 6/1 – L%"V "W* “{G`”; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.

• 3 decided as the last single letter by 1.1.53 "†Í.
Sd† 3 1/1 – Being "†V, 3 Û%"(( is
[LSK] "< 7/1 \") 7/1 n 0 "{Gd%& 6/1 Sd† 3 1/1 >% 0 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
3 \) 3
Sd† 3 is optionally the substitute in the place of the last letter of {G`, when < or
follows.
[LSK] "{Gd< 2/1
3 , {G`< 2/1
3 ˜
{G` + < 3
3
"{Gd + <3 6.4.80 >%Ôê\)j& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "{Gd%&
"{Gd< 3
ª4
{G`< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜
[LSK] "{Gd& 2/3, •`& 2/3 ˜
{G` + \) 3
3
"{Gd + )3 6.4.80 >%Ôê\)j& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "{Gd%&
ª4
{G`) 3 ? >ƒ?&˜ ~ W`T&?
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
•`&
225
[LSK] "{Gd% 3/1 ˜

{G` + ¾%
3 O
"{Gd + 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "n
Even though {G`-\] is Sd†-3 Û%(, the word which has Û%( for Sd†-3 OW4\, (W`-)!U%
3
does not become optional when "†V follows by 1.4.6 "†"V áo» ˜ because this option
excludes {G`-\].
[LSK] "{Gd x 4/1 ˜ "{Gd%& 5/1, 6/1 ˜
{G` + †4
{G` + O¾ 3 + º 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜
{G` + w 6.1.90 O¾» ˜
3 w
"{Gd + 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "n
[LSK] 9§%V 5/1

3 (¾ 1/1
3 ˜ {G`ƒ%< 6/3
3 ˜
3
When O< follows, ">L"V14f between 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ˜ ~ Sd† 3 "n and 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜
happens. Being 9, (¾ 3-Ov< is taken. After (¾ 3-Ov<, the Lˆd is not %"W anymore, thus Sd† 3
will not come back.
{G` + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜
{G` + ( +
{G` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ( ? >V)3
Ñ
{G`ƒ%< 3 8.4.2 ¾ 3*é% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ (& ƒ&
[LSK] {G`1 7/3 É
226
•`"#$%& [. •`.
Declension of {G` ([-{G`-3)

(W`-)!U*-[*%9% -\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

{G` + ) 5 {G` + y {G` + ) 3
1 {G` 6.1.68 "{Gd_ 6.4.79 "{Gd) 3 6.4.79
"{Gd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + ) 5
S1 "{G + ) 3 7.3.107 same as above same as above
"{G 6.1.69
{G` + < 3 {G` + \) 3
2 "{Gd< 3 6.4.80 same as above "{Gd& 6.4.80, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G`< 3 6.1.107 •`& 6.1.102, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + ¾% {G` + Á%< 3 {G` + "p) 3
3
"{Gd% 6.4.79 {G`Á%< 3 {G`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + †4 {G` + Á) 3
{G` + O¾ 3 º 7.3.112 {G`Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
{G` + w 6.1.90
"{Gd x 6.4.79
{G` + †")5
3
{G` + O¾ 3 ) 7.3.112
5 {G` + O) 3 6.1.90 same as above same as above
"{Gd%) 3 6.4.79
"{Gd%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + u) 3 {G` + O< 3
6 same as above 3 u) 3 6.4.79
"{Gd + 3
{G` + ( O< 3 7.1.54
"{Gdj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 {G`ƒ%< 3 6.4.3, 8.4.2
{G` + "† {G` + ) 3
{G` + O< 3 7.3.116 {G`1 8.3.59
7 {G` + O¾ 3 O< 3 7.3.112 same as above
{G` + O< 3 6.1.90
"{Gd%< 3 6.4.79
When %"W-Lˆd follows, Sd†-3 OW4\ by 6.4.79 "{Gd%&˜ ~ Sd†.3
In 2/1 and 2/3, Sd† 3 is optional by 6.4.80 >%Ôê\)j&˜ ~ Sd†.3
The other option is >F £ 3
? < and ? >ƒ?W`T&? .
>F )
In 6/3, being 9, (¾ 3 takes precedence to Sd†.3
227
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) c`
c` (LakVmī) is a f%V- >d>-[-ending word, thus 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜ is

applicable when %"W-Lˆd follows. This makes the word c` Sd†>åÛ%(, the word which
has Û%( for Sd† 3 and h>†.3 Being Sd†>åÛ%(, (W`-)!U% is denied by 1.4.4 (d4 †>åÛ%(%>{G`˜, but
3
gets optional (W`-)!U% when O< follows 3
by 1.4.5 >%"<˜ and when "†V follows by 1.4.6 "†"V
áo»˜.
3 %(, such as c`
(W`-)!U% for Sd†>†Û
As a general rule, (W`-)!U% is negated by 1.4.4 (d4 †>åÛ%(%>{G` ˜
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
S1
4 Optional (W`-)!U%
by 1.4.6 "†"V
5
áo»˜
6 Optional (W`-)!U% by1.4.5 >%"<˜
The only place where (W`-)!U*%d? is always negated is S1/1, 7.3.107 }%0 ?(•já?o&˜
Summary of (W` and "T-)!U% section
)FG< 3 )!U% )!U% is given for
1.4.3 dF +%Y_ (W` ˜ (W`-)!U% to all ">p"Œ (W`, v_9`, {G`
1.4.4 (d4 †>åÛ%(%>{G` ˜ Prohibition of (W`-)!U%
1.4.5 >%"< ˜ Optional (W`-)!U% in O< 3 c`, f`, p`
1.4.6 - A "†"V áo» ˜ Optional (W`-)!U% in "†Vs3
1.4.6 - B "†"V áo» ˜ Optional (W`-)!U% in "†Vs3 <"V, a"^
1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜ "T-)!U% Q"9, vƒ "V
228
•`"#$%& [. •`.
"cÏ )4 3
3 >%d%< (1U) to resort to
3 "ç 3
"cÏ + (h´ 2.58) "ç±"nLH%dV *¾L c`ƒ%! W`TðÔ) )%9ƒ! n ˜
3 suffixed
"ç is
c` (h´ 2.58) "ç±"nLH%dV *¾L c`ƒ%! W`TðÔ) )%9ƒ! n ˜
f%V- >d> S is elongated.
Not being †`-ending, )-5 #j does not apply.

[LSK] c`& 1/1 ˜
c` + ) 5
c`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[ of c` is f%V- >d>. Thus 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ is >%W to other sandhis.
[LSK] "cd_ 1/2 ˜
c` + y
3 y
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜, after negating 6.1.102 by 6.1.105, and 6.1.77
[LSK] "{Gd_ 1/3 ˜
c` + ) 3
3
"cd + )3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜, after negating 6.1.102 by 6.1.105, and 6.1.77
229
["(14f)FG<]3 3 %(%>{G` ˜ ~ dF +%–_ (W`

1.4.4 (4d†>†Û
3 h>† 3 OW4\, other than {G`.
(W`-)!U% is not given to words which take Sd†/
( 0 Sd†>åÛ%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1 ˜ ~ dF 1/2 +%–_ 1/2 (W` 1/1

• ( 0 – (W`-)!U% is prohibited.
• 3 h>† 3 OW4\ (by 6.4.77, etc.) such as c`; Sd† 3 n
Sd†>†-3 Û%(_ 1/2 – L%"V "W*s which take Sd†/
h>† 3 n Sd†>†_ (ID)˜ Sd†>†j& Û%(! ddj& V_ Sd†>†-3 Û%(_ (116B) ˜ Words which have Û%(
(= Û%"((s)3 for Sd†/
3 h>† 3 OW4\.
• {G` 1/1 – ( {G` {G` (NT)˜ This is to exclude L%"V "W* “{G`” from this "(14f. Thus {G`
always gets (W`-)!U%.
• dF 1/2 – [& n l& n dF (ID)˜. This is adjective to +%–_, thus VW ">"f is applied.
• +%–_ 1/2 – "(ˆ{G`"#$, the word which appears only in feminine, is to be understood.
3
"(ˆ! "{Gd< Onª%V4 S"V +%–_ ˜ The words which always indicate feminine are called
+%–_. In other words, the words always found in dictionary as feminine.
[LSK] Sd†>†j& 6/2 "Û"V& 1/1 ddj& 6/2 V_ 1/2 [¿V_ 1/2 (W`)!U_ 1/2 ( 0 & III/2, ( 0 V 0 {G` 1/1˜
3 h>† 3 OW4\ do not gain (W`-)!U%,
[/l-ending "(ˆ{G`"#$ words which have Û%( for Sd†/
excluding the word {G`.
Because there is no (W`-)!U%, 7.3.107 }%0 ?(•já?o&˜is not applicable.

[LSK] Q4 c`& S1/1 ˜
c` + ) 5
c`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
230
•`"#$%& [. •`.
3
When "†V follows, optional (W`-)!U% is available by 1.4.6 "†"V áo»˜.
[LSK] "cd x 4/1 ˜
c` + †4
c` + O¾ 3 + º 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜
c` + w 6.1.90 O¾»˜ ~ >t"^&
3 w
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
(W`-)!U%- p%>- ª4
[LSK] "cd4 4/1 ˜
c` + †4
3 º
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
[LSK] "cd%& 5/1, 6/1 ˜
c` + †")5
c` + O¾ 3 + ) 3 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜
c` + O) 3 6.1.90 O¾»˜ ~ >t"^&
3 O) 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
(W`-)!U%- p%>- ª4
[LSK] "cd& 5/1, 6/1 ˜
c` + †")5
3
"cd + )3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
"cd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
231
["(14f)FG<]3 1.4.5 >%"< ˜ ~ Sd†>†Û

3 %(_ dF +%–_ (W` {G`
3 h>† 3 OW4\, other than {G`, when

(W`-)!U% is optionally given to words which take Sd†/
3
O< follows
>% 0 O"< 7/1 ˜ ~ dF 1/2 +%–_ 1/2 (W` 1/1 Sd†>åÛ%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1
• >% 0 – (W`-)!U% is optional.
• 3
O"< 7/1 – The ) -Lˆd 3 6/3; in 9)®<`.
O< of
• Sd†>†-3 Û%(_ 1/2 – As commented above.
• {G` 1/1 – As commented above.
• dF 1/2 – As commented above.
• +%–_ 1/2 – As commented above.
• (W` 1/1 – This is )!U%.
3 %(_ 1/2 +%Y_ 1/2 dF 1/2 O"< 7/1 >% 0 (W`)!U_ 1/2
[LSK] Sd†>†Û & III/2, ( 0 V 0 {G` 1/1˜
3 h>† 3 OW4\ optionally gain
[/l-ending "(ˆ{G`"#$ words which have Û%( for Sd†/
3
(W`-)!U%, excluding the word {G`, when O< follows.
[LSK] c`ƒ%<, 3 "cd%< 6/3

3 ˜
(W`-)!U%- ª4
c` + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜
c` + ( +
c` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"<˜( ? >V)3
Ñ
c` + ƒ%< 3 8.4.2 °îé% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜
(W`-)!U%- p%>- ª4
3 O< 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
232
•`"#$%& [. •`.
[LSK] "cd%<, 3 "c"d 7/1 ˜

(W`-)!U%- ª4
c` + "†
c` + O< 3 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á&˜
c` + O¾ 3 + O< 3 7.3.112 O¬(•%&˜
c` + O< 3 6.1.90 O¾»˜ ~ >t"^&
3 O< 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
(W`-)!U%- p%>- ª4
3 S
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜
Declension of c` ([-{G`-4)
3 %(-"(ˆ{G`"#$-[*%9% -\]&
Sd†>†Û
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 c`& "cd_ "cd&
2 "cd< 3 same as above same as above
3 "cd% c`Á%< 3 c`"p&
4 "cd x/"cd4 1.4.4 same as above c`Á&
5 "cd%&/"cd& 1.4.4 same as above same as above
6 same as above "cdj& 3

c`ƒ%</"cd%< 3 1.4.5
7 3
"cd%</"c"d 1.4.4 same as above c`1
3
When "†V and 3
O< follow, (W`-)!U% is optional
by 1.4.6 "†"V áo»˜ and by 1.4.5 >%"<˜, respectively.
Where there is no (W`-)!U%, it declines like )c` in masculine.
In this manner, f%V- >d>-[ending feminine word such as f` (intellect), á` (humility),

p` (fear) decline.
233
h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) f4(
[LSK] f4(& 1/1 <"V>V 03 É

f4( (milk yielding cow) declines exactly like <"V.
Declension of f4( (h-{G`-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

f4(& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 f4( F 6.1.102 f4(>& 7.3.109, 6.1.78,
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 f4(j 7.3.108, 6.1.69 same as above same as above
f4(< 3 6.1.107 f4(&F 6.1.102,
2 same as above
8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 f4 % 6.1.77 f4(Á%< 3 f4("p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
f4 x 1.4.6, 7.3.112, f4(>4 7.3.111, 6.1.78 f4(Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 same as above
6.1.90, 6.1.77
f4 %& 1.4.6, 7.3.112, f4(j& 7.3.111, 6.1.110,
5 6.1.90, 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
8.2.66, 8.3.15
f4 j& 6.1.77, f4((F %< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3
8.2.66, 8.3.15
3
f4 %< 1.4.6, 7.3.116, f4(_ 7.3.119, 7.3.119, f4(1 8.3.59
7 7.3.112, 6.1.88 same as above
6.1.90, 6.1.77
3
When "†V follows, (W`-)!U% is given by 1.4.6 "†"V áo» ˜.
The rest declines like \i except for 2/3.
234
•`"#$%& h. •`.
h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) Hjk
[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n ˜ ~ Hjk& VtJV 3

3
The word Hjk is treated like a Vtn-ending word in feminine also.
"{Gd%< 7/1
3 n 0 ˜ ~ VtJV 03 Hjk& 1/1

• 3
"{Gd%< 7/1 – In feminine.
• n 0 – Also
• 3 VtJV 03 , the same as Vtn. 3 Because of ( ´) Lˆd¥Qƒ4 VW ¥Qƒ< ˜,
VtJV 03 – Vtn% 3/1 Vô< 1/1 3
3
“Vtn-ending” is understood.
• Hjk& 1/1 – This is the subject of this )FG. Together with VtJV, 3 the sentence is “Hjk is like,
3
same as a Vtn-ending word.”
[LSK] {G`>%n` 1/1 Hjk\]& 1/1 Vt >W 3-£ < 2/1

3 #pV4 III/1 É
Feminine the word Hjk gains the form which is like ending with Vtn. 3
Declension of Hjk (h-{G`-2)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 HjO` Hjg_ Hjg&
2 HjO`< 3 same as above HjO`&
3 Hjg% HjO`Á%< 3 HjO`"p&
4 Hjg x same as above HjO`Á&
5 Hjg%& same as above same as above
6 same as above HjOj& HjO`ƒ%< 3
7 Hjg%< 3 same as above HjO`1
Being a †`-ending "(ˆ{G`"#$ word, HjO` declines exactly like v_9`
235
[">"f)FG<]3 4.1.5 s©4Áj †` ˜3 ~ "{Gd%< L%"V

3 "W*4 Á&
3
A short s-ending word, and (-ending 3
word takes †` when in feminine.
5 1
feminine s/( 3 3
†` -Lˆd
4 & 5/3 †` 1/1

3 Á
sV-( 3 ˜ ~ L%"V "W*4 Á& 5/3 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 (Lˆd& 1/1 9& 1/1 n 0)

• 3 Á
sV-( 4 & 5/3 – sW& n (%& n s©%& (ID), V4Á&˜ This is adjective to L%"V "W*4 Á&, thus VW ">"f
is applied, resulting in “After sV/( 3
3 -ending L%"V "W*s”.
• 3
†` 1/1 – This is suffix, being )<%(%"f*9ƒ to Lˆd& 1/1, and 9& 1/1 n 0.
• 3
• 3 >n(-"> "9ƒ%< is done to match with s©4Á&.
L%"V "W*4 Á& 5/3 – From 4.1.1 Ã%Å%"V "W*%V ˜.
Connected to 9&, this is in "Wzdjv4 Æ<`
4 & 5/3 (% Á
[LSK] sW Á 4 & 5/3 n 0 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 †` 1/1
3 ˜
3 suffixed after sV-ending
In feminine, 2` is 3 3
or (-ending word.
Hjk
Hjkt 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n ˜ ~ Hjk& VtJV 3
Hjkt + 2` 3 4.1.5 s©4Áj †` ˜3 ~ "{Gd%< L%"V
3 "W*4 Á&
HjO 3 + [ 6.1.77 S*j dƒ"n ˜
HjO`
[LSK] HjO` 1/1 v_9`>V 03 É

Being a †`-ending "(ˆ{G`"#$ word, HjO` declines exactly like v_9`.
236
•`"#$%& l. •`.
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) >fF
l-ending {G`"#$ words decline like v_9`. The only difference is 1/1 since it is not †`
3
or O -ending.
In #T")^% *_<W`, this word is not introduced. Only "¾ßƒ`*%9 mentions in the context
of “v_9`>V”3 in the previous paradigm.
Declension of >fF (l-{G`-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 >fF& > _ > &
S1 Q4 >f same as above same as above
2 >fF< 3 same as above >fF&
3 > % >fFÁ%< 3 >fF"p&
4 > x same as above >fFÁ&
5 > %& same as above same as above
6 same as above > j& >fF(%< 3
7 > %< 3 same as above >fF1
3
By not being †` or O -ending, )-5 #j does not happen
3 "VŸ Œ
by 6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q#˜3 ~ #j &.
The rest declines exactly like v_9`
237
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) ~F
~< 3 (>Û%( 4 (4P) to wander

3 2F&
~< + (h´ 2.69) ~<4» 2F&˜
3 l
~+ (>%´) "2÷)%<"%?W 3 pŸ%" ¾4 #ð &˜
~F
Even though it is yƒ%"W*Lˆd-l-ending, and not being f%V- >d>-l-ending, h>†-3
OW4\ is applicable because this particular word is specially mentioned in 6.4.77 "n
f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜.
[LSK] ~F& 1/1 c`>V 03 É

3 %(, ~F declines exactly like c`.
Being Sd†>†Û
Declension of ~F (l-{G`-2)
3 %(-"(ˆ{G`"#$-l*%9% -\]&
Sd†>†Û
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 ~F& ~>_ ~>&
2 ~>< 3 same as above same as above
3 ~>% ~FÁ%< 3 ~F"p&
4 ~>x/~>4 1.4.4 same as above ~FÁ&
5 ~>%&/~>& 1.4.4 same as above same as above
6 same as above ~>j& 3 >%< 3 1.4.5

~Fƒ%</~
7 3 "> 1.4.4
~>%</~ same as above ~F1
The entire declension is exactly like c`.

3
When "†V and 3
O< follow, (W`-)!U% is optional
by 1.4.6 "†"V áo»˜ and by 1.4.5 >%"<˜, respectively.
238
•`"#$%& l. •`.
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) odiF
3
od< p>"V S"V odiF& ˜ One who exists by itself is odiF.
3 pF )|%d%< (1P)
od< + 3 to be + "ç 3 3.2.76 "ç n
3 ˜
3 pF + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ˜ ~ ã* 3
od< +
3 pF
od< + 6.1.67 >49 Œ
t Ÿ ˜ ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
[LSK] odiF& 1/1 >! V 03 É

odiF is ending with f%V- >d>-l*%9. Not being "(ˆ{G`"#$\], it is (W`. Thus it
declines exactly like opF in masculine. Being derived from pF f%V, it is subject to 6.4.85 (
pF)"fdj&˜.
Declension of odiF (l-{G`-3)

3 %(-l*%9% -\]&
Sd†>†Û
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 odiF& odi>_ odi>&
2 odi>< 3 same as above same as above
3 odi>% odiFÁ%< 3 odiF"p&
4 odi>4 same as above odiFÁ&
5 odi>& same as above same as above
6 same as above odi>j& odi>%< 3
7 odi"> same as above odiF1
The entire declension is exactly like opF in masculine.

When %"WLˆd follows, 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ˜ is applied
after negating 6.4.83 u& )" ˜ by to 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜.
239
s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) o)t
o)t (sister), being sW , 4.1.5 s©4Áj †` ˜3 is L%®, which is negated by the next sūtra.
["(14f)FG<]3 3 "{
4.1.10 ( 1¾ 3o %"WÁ& ˜ ~ †` ¾% 3 Gd%< 3
3
Feminine suffixes †` and 3
¾% are not applied to 1¾ 3-)!U* words and words in o)t-
O"Wvƒ.
( 0 1¾ 3-o)t-O"WÁ& 5/3 ˜ ~ †` 1/1

3 ¾% 1/1
3 "{Gd%< 7/1
3

• ( 0 – Prohibiting {G`Lˆds.
• 1¾ 3-o)t-O"WÁ& 5/3 – 1¾ 3 n o)t-OWd& n 1¾ 3-o)t-OWd& (ID), V4Á&˜
• 3
†` 1/1 – This is suffix.
• 3
¾% 1/1 – This is suffix, from 4.1.4 %•Vk% ˜.3 After applying 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ˜,
3
¾% becomes L%®. To negate this, the (>t"| is done.
• 3
3 _ 1/2 ( 0
[LSK] †` -¾% & III/2É
3
†` and 3
¾% are prohibited to 1¾ 3-)!U* words and o)t-O"W-vƒ.
1¾ 3 is )!U% defined by 1.1.24 % % 1¾ 3˜ and 1.1.25 2"V n˜. 1¾ 3-)!U* words are: Æ(, 3 11, 3
)®(, 3 k(, 3 (>(, 3 W\(, 3 and *"V.
Members of o)t-O"W-vƒ are told in the following śloka:
o)% "V »V » ((%A% ,"QV% V0% ˜
d%V% <%V4"V )® xV4 o %Wd hW%ûV%&É
1. o)t (sister), 2. "V)t (three, OW4\ in feminine), 3. nV)t (four, OW4\ in feminine), 4.
((%T (sister of one’s husband), 5. ,"QVt (daughter), 6. d%Vt (wife of the brother of one’s
husband), 7. <%Vt (mother)
3 (, 3 will
These 1¾ 3-)!U* words and o)t etc. words, even though they end with sV or
3 ¾% because
not be suffixed with †` or 3 of this "(14f)FG.
240
•`"#$%& s. •`
Ú %< ˜3 ~
Since o)t is specially mentioned in 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
3
h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4, it declines like f%Vt, a Vtn-ending masculine word, except for
2/3.
[LSK] o)% 1/1 ˜

o)t + ) 5 1/1
3 ) 3 7.1.94 s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ(Q4 )%! n ˜ ~ († 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "†Í˜
o) 3 ( +
3
o) O( 3 ) 3 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
+ Ú %< ˜3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
3
o) O( 3 3 "VŸ Œ
6.1.68 QñÃ%âj W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ˜ ~ #j &
3
o) O 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ ˜
f%V%
[LSK] o)%9_ 1/2 ˜
o)t + y
o) 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ˜ ~ $Ÿ vƒ&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9ƒ 93 9&˜
3
o) O9 Ú %< ˜3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<Û%( 4
3+ y 6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
o)%9_
Declension of o)t (s-{G`-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

o)% 7.1.94, 6.4.11, o)%9_ 7.3.110, 6.4.11 o)%9& 7.3.110, 6.4.11
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 o)& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above
2 o)%9< 3 7.3.110, 6.4.11 same as above o)Ú& 6.1.102, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 o % 6.1.77 o)tÁ%< 3 o)t"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 o 4 6.1.77 same as above o)tÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
o)& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,

8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above o j& 6.1.77 o)Úƒ%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%´
7 o)"9 7.3.110 same as above o)t1 8.3.59
241
s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) <%Vt
[LSK] <%V% 1/1 " Vt>V 03 ˜ \") 7/1 <%VF& 2/3É

<%Vt (mother), being in o)t-O"W-vƒ, does not take †` . 3 Since it is not counted in 6.4.11
3 h f%-W`T ? does not happen in )>?(%<Û%(. Thus the
Ú %< ˜,
®t Mt o)t(®t(k4 t §ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
declension is like " Vt, except for 2/3.
Declension of <%Vt (s-{G` -2)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

<%V% 7.1.94, 6.4.8 <%V9_ 7.3.110 <%V9& 7.3.110
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 <%V& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above
2 <%V9< 3 7.3.110 same as above <%VÚ& 6.1.102, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 <%G% 6.1.77 <%VtÁ%< 3 <%Vt"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 <%G4 6.1.77 same as above <%VtÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<%V& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,

8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above <%Gj& 6.1.77 <%VÚƒ%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%´
7 <%V"9 7.3.110 same as above <%Vt1 8.3.59
The entire declension is like " Vt except for 2/3
242
•`"#$%& u. •`.
u-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) •j
3
•V W`®_ (1P) to shine + 2j By the a%bô of (h´ 2.68) v<42ð&˜
3 u
•+
•j
[LSK] •_& 1/1 vj>V 03 É
•j (sky) declines like vj.
3 7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV ˜3 ~ )>?(%<Û%(<, 3 thus 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V ˜ ~
)>?(%<Û%( becomes "ƒZV by
>t"^& is applied on $.
3
In < and \), 3 O-OW4\ on $ by 6.1.93 yVjÔê\)j& ˜ ~ "n >F ? 9dj& º*& )!"QV%d%<. 3
•j + ) 5 1/1
•j + ) 3 7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV ˜3 ~ )>?(%<Û%(< 3
•_ + ) 3 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V ˜ ~ >t"^&, with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ˜
•_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Declension of •j (u-{G`-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

•_& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, •%>_ 7.1.90, 7.2.115, •%>& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, 6.1.78,
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.78 8.2.66, 8.3.15
2 •%< 3 6.1.93 same as above •%& 6.1.93, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 •>% 6.1.78 •jÁ%< 3 •j"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 •>4 6.1.78 same as above •jÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 •j& 6.1.110, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
6 same as above •>j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 •>%< 3 6.1.78
7 •"> 6.1.78 same as above •j1 8.3.59
The entire declension is exactly like vj
243
w-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9x
[LSK] 9%& 1/1 >! V 03 É

9x (wealth) is exactly like in masculine.
When Q#%"W-Lˆd follows, O-OW4\ by 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_. On the other hand,
when 3 \ by 6.1.78 ºnjÔd>%d%>& ˜.
%"W-Lˆd follows, Od-OW4
Declension of 9x (w-{G`-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

9%& 7.2.85, 9%d_ 6.1.78 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
2 9%d< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above
3 9%d% 6.1.78 9%Á%< 3 7.2.85 9%"p& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 9%d4 6.1.78 same as above 9%Á& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
6 same as above 9%dj& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 9%d%< 3 6.1.78
7 9%"d 6.1.78 same as above 9%)
The entire declension is exactly like in masculine
244
•`"#$%& y. •`.
y-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) (_
(W"V L49d"V S"V (_ (boat) ˜

ƒW 3 L49ƒ4 (6P) to push, incite, remove
(W 3 6.1.65 ƒj (& ˜ ~ f%§%W4&
(W 3 + 2_ (h´ 2.65) z#%("WÁ%! 2_& ˜
3 y
(+ (>%´) "2§)%<?"%?W 3 pŸ%" ¾4 #ð &˜
(_ 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
[LSK] (_ 1/1 z#_>V 03 É

(_ declines like z#_ in masculine.
Declension of (_ (y-{G`-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 (_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 (%>_ 6.1.78 (%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
2 (%>< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above
3 (%>% 6.1.78 (_Á%< 3 (_"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 (%>4 6.1.78 same as above (_Á& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 (%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
6 same as above (%>j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 (%>%< 3 6.1.78
7 (%"> 6.1.78 same as above (_1 8.3.59
[LSK] S"V 0 {G`"#$%& 1/3 É

Thus ends the section of vowel-ending feminine words.
245
0% ! *"#$%&
( )
! *"#$\]s are divided into two types: general and )>?(%<. Under )>?(%<,
-ending ( )
there is one sub-category.
1. General U%(, ÑV<

2. )>?(%< )>?, º*V9
2V9%"Wvƒ 1. 2V9 (*V9, dV9, VV9)
2. 2V< (*V<, dV<, VV<, º*V<)
3. Ñ
4. ÑV9
5. SV9
! *"#$& (1) U%(

-*%9% -( )
U% >ajf( 4 (9P) to know + ô¾ 3 3.3.115 ô¾ 3 n ˜ ~ p%>4, etc.

U%( 6.1.101 *& )>ƒæ W`T&? ˜
1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
246
! *"#$%&
( ) . (.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.24 VjÔ< ˜3 ~ $%V (3 )! *%V o<j&

3
3
) 5 and < are 3
replaced by < when preceded by -ending neuter $.
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) V3 5 <3
)/
1
<3
V& 5/1 < 1/1

3 ˜ ~ $%V 5/1 ! *%V 5/1
3 ( ) 3 )-5 <j& 6/2

• V& 5/1 – This is adjective to $%V. 3 With VW ">"f, it results in “ W %V 3 $%V”.3
• < 3 1/1 – This is OW4\. By 1.1.55 (* 3 Ÿ˜, it can replace the entire Û%"((. 3
4 %"òV )>?
• ! *%V 35/1 – From 7.1.23 o<j( ? )
( ) 3
! *%V ˜This is adjective to $%V. 3
• )-5 <j& 6/2 – From 7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3 )Åˆd ) 5 of 1/1 and < of
! *%V ˜; 3 2/1; in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
[LSK] V& 5/1 $%V 5/1

3 !à%V 5/1
3 )- <j& 6/2 < 1/1
3 ˜
3 the substitute in the place of ) and < after
< is 3 -ending neuter $.
[LSK] "< >F &? (6.1.107) ˜ U%(< 1/1
3 ˜
U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 VjÔ< ˜3 ~ $%V (3 ) 3
! *%V o<j&
U%(< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ ~ *& )!"QV%d%< 3
3
[LSK] ºåáo%V (6.1.69) S"V 0 Q# 1/1
3 #j & 1/1 ˜ Q4 U%( S1/1 ˜
3 \ takes place first. After >F £
Being 9, <-OW4 ? , the which is º*-OW4\ is treated
like 3 ^4& ˜, it is áo% - $.
of >F ,? which is $. Thus, from the view of 6.1.69 ºåáo%V )}
U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 VjÔ< ˜3 ~ $%V (3 ) 3
! *%V o<j&
U%(< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ ~ *& )!"QV%d%< 3
U%( 3 ^4& ˜ ~ #j &
6.1.69 ºåáo%V )}
247
[">"f)FG<]3 ! *%Í ˜ ~ $%V y†&

7.1.19 ( ) 3 \`
y is replaced by \` when preceded by neuter $.
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) y
1
\`
! *%V 5/1
( ) 3 n 0 ˜ ~ $%V 5/1
3 y†& 6/1 \` 1/1

• ! *%V 35/1 – This is adjective to $%V. 3
( )
• n 0 – This is to bring y†& and \` from previous sūtras.
• y†& 6/1 – From 7.1.18 y† O &˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
\` 1/1 – From 7.1.17 )& \`˜. This is OW4\. Û%"(( being 4 %"òV 3
single letter, 1.1.55 (*
3 not SV letter
)>?Ÿ˜ is not required. Note that \ is 3 3
yet. It becomes SV only after
replacement, with the help of 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ"óf_˜.
[LSK] !à%V 5/1

3 y†& 6/1 \` 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
\` is the substitute in the place of y after $ in neuter.
[LSK] p-)!U%d%< 7/1
3 É
U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *%Í ˜ ~ $%V y†& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜ ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< ˜3
248
! *"#$%&
( ) . (.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n ˜ ~ pŸ V"^V4 #j &

S>ƒ? or >ƒ? at the end of p-)!U* $ is elided when followed by [ or V"^V-Lˆd.
6 7
p S>ƒ?/ >ƒ? [/V"^V
1
#j
dŸ 6/1 ["V 7/1 n 0 ˜ ~ pŸ 6/1 V"^V4 7/1 #j & 1/1

• 3
dŸ 6/1 – S& (S>ƒ?&) n & ( >ƒ?&) n d< (SD), VŸ ˜ This is adjective to pŸ, thus VW ">"f is
applied, resulting in “S>ƒ?- >ƒ?- Ÿ pŸ”.
• ["V 7/1 – Since this is ">f`d<%(, the V 9*9ƒ is for *%#"(d<. [*%9 in 9)®<`.
• n 0 – This is to separate two 9-"("<|s, resulting in “["V or V"^V4“.
• pŸ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 pŸ ˜.
• V"^V4 7/1 – From 6.4.144 ( "^V4˜.
• #j & 1/1 – From the previous sūtra. This is OW4\.
[LSK] [*%94 7/1 V"^V4 7/1 n 0 94 7/1 pŸ 6/1 S>ƒ?- >ƒ?dj& 6/2 #j & 1/1 ˜
#j is the substitute in the place of the last letter of S>ƒ?/ >ƒ?-ending p-)!U* $
when followed by [ or V"^V-Lˆd.
U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *%Í ˜ ~ $%V y†& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜ ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< ˜3
[LSK] S"V 0 V-#j
3 4 7/1 L%®4 7/1 É
Now, U%(, >ƒ?-ending p is followed by [. #j of by 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n˜ is L%®.
However, the next >%"V?* debars 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n˜.
249
(>%"V?*<)3 y†& d%! L"V14fj >%?& ˜

The prohibition of elision taught by 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n˜ has to be said when \`, which
is OW4\ of y, is following.
y†& 6/1 d%< 7/1

3 L"V14f& 1/1 >%?& 1/1˜

• y†& 6/1 – Here, “in the place of y” is understood.
• d%< 37/1 – L%"V "W* \` in 9)®<`; “When \` is following”.
• L"V14f& 1/1 – Prohibition of #j enjoined by 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n˜.
• 3 ¬dV; 3 “has to be said”. >%"V?**%9 points that L"V14f of #j should have
>%?& 1/1 – >n +
been said with reference to 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n˜.
[LSK] U%( 4 1/2 ˜

U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *%Í ˜ ~ $%V y†& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜ ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< ˜3
6.4.148 dŸ4"V n˜ is L%®, but negated by (>%"V?*<)3 y†& d%! L"V14fj >%?& ˜.
U%( 4 ? >ƒ?& ˜ by 6.1.104 (%"W"n ˜.
6.1.87 Oíƒ&˜ ~ "n, after negating 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
250
! *"#$%&
( ) . (.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.20 \)j& "\& ˜ ~ ( )! *%V 3

3
) and 3
\) are replaced by "\ when preceded by neuter $.
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) 3
)/\) 3
1
"\
\)j& 6/2 "\ 1/1˜ ~ ( )

! *%V 5/1
3

• 3
\)j& 6/2 – ) (1/3) 3
n \) (2/3) n \)_ (ID), Vdj&˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• "\ 1/1 – Being (* 3 replaced by 1.1.55 (*
4 %#,3 the entire Û%"(( is 3 Ÿ˜. Note that
4 %"òV )>?
3 not SV letter
\ is 3 yet. Only after replacement, with the help of 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ"óf_˜.
• ( ) 3
! *%V 5/1 ! *%Í ˜; in >F ? Æ<`
– From 7.1.19 ( )
[LSK] !à%V 5/1

3 (dj& 6/2 "\& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
3
"\ is the substitute in the place of ) and 3
\) after $ in neuter.
U%( + ) 1/3
3
U%( + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3

\)j& "\& ˜ ~ ( )
U%( + S 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜ ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
To be continued...
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<Û%(< ˜3

3
"\, a substitute for ) and \) 3 in neuter is termed )>?(%<Û%(.
"\ 1/1 )>?(%<Û%(< 1/1

3 ˜

• 3
"\ 1/1 – This is )!U`. "\ is OW4\ for ) and 3 ( )
\) in ! *
• 3
)>?(%<Û%(< 1/1 – This is )!U%.
[LSK] “"\” S"V 0 ºVV 1/1

3 hŒ-)!U< 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 É
"\ should become the one whose )!U% is said (as )>?(%<Û%().
251
[">"f)FG<]3 ! *Ÿ #n& ˜ ~ (< )>?

7.1.72 ( ) 3 (%<Û%(4
3
(<-Ov< 3
is attached to a #/3 n-ending neuter word when )>?(%<Û%( follows.
6 7
! *
( ) #/3 n 3 )>?(%<Û%(
1
3
(<-Ov<
! *Ÿ 6/1 #-3 n& 6/1 ˜ ~ (< 1/1

( ) 3 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1

• ! *Ÿ 6/1 – In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
( )
• 3 #< (SD),
#-3 n& 6/1 – # 3 n n n 3 ! *Ÿ, thus understood
VŸ ˜ This is adjective to ( )
as “ # Ÿ, ! *Ÿ” together with VW ">"f.
Ÿn( )
• 3
(< 1/1 – This is Ov<. Being "<V, 3 the next "9p%1%)FG 1.1.47 "<WnjÔÜ%¨9&˜ is required.
• )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 – In 9)®<`.
[LSK] # Ÿ 6/1 Ÿ 6/1 n 0 !àŸ 6/1 (< 1/1

3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 )>?(%<Û%( 4 7/1 É
3 the augment for a #-ending
(< is 3 3
and n-ending neuter word when followed by
)>?(%<Û%(.
3 "<V because
(< is 3 3 SV by
the last < is 3 1.3.3 Q#Ü< ˜.
3 The next sūtra teaches where "<V-3
Ov< should be placed in the word presented in 6th case.
252
! *"#$%&
( ) . (.
[ "9p%1%)FG<]3 1.1.47 "<WnjÔÜ%V 3 9& ˜ ~ &

3
"<V Ov< is placed after the last vowel of the entity to which Ov< is enjoined.
6
last
n3
1
3
"<V-Ov<
"<V 1/1
3 n& 6/1 Ü%V 5/1
3 9& 1/1˜ ~ & 1/1
• 3
"<V 1/1 3 dŸ
– < SV 3 3
)& "<V (116B)˜
• n& 6/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& n, 3 in "(f%?9ƒ4 1È`; in º*>n(< to
3 express %"V, the class of n; 3 “among
all the vowels”.

• 3
Ü%V 5/1 – 3 in "Wzdjv4 Æ<` to 9&.
4 p>& Ü&, the last one, Vµ%V ˜;
• 3
9& 1/1 – )<%(%"f*9ƒ to "<V-Ov<. 3 after the last vowel
Connecting all the words, “"<V is
among all the vowels.”
• & 1/1 From 1.1.46 O• _ ¾"*V_ ˜. This is to make sure that the Ov< is a part of the
entity. If only 9& is taken, it can be considered as a separate entity.
[LSK] n%< 6/3

3 <Ð4 0 d& 1/1 Ü& 1/1 Vµ%V 5/1
3 9& 1/1 VŸ 6/1 º> 0 - >d>& 1/1 "<V 1/1
3 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
3
"<V-Ov< should be after the last vowel among all the vowels, and should be the end
part of that vowel.
[LSK] h f% 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 ˜ U%(%"( 1/3 ˜
U%( + ) 1/3
3
U%( + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3

\)j& "\& ˜ ~ ( )
U%( + S 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜ ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 VŸ #j &˜
3 S
U%( ( + 3 (%<Û%( 4 with the help of 1.1.47 "<WnjÔÜ%V 3 9& ˜
! *Ÿ #n& ˜ ~ (< )>?
7.1.72 ( )
3 S
U%(%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
U%(%"(
253
[LSK] (& 0 VZV 03 ˜

The second case follows the same way.
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 >! V 03 ˜
The third case onwards declines like -ending masculine.
[LSK] º>< 03 f(->(-è#-OWd& 1/3 ˜
f(, etc., decline in the same manner.
Summary of declension of U%( ( -(-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

U%( + ) 5 U%( + y U%( + ) 3
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 U%( + \` 7.1.19 U%( + "\ 7.1.20
1
U%(< 3 6.1.107 U%( 4 6.1.87 3 S
U%(( + 7.1.72
U%(%"( 6.4.8
U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24
U%(< 3 6.1.107
U%( 6.1.69
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
3 U%((4 U%(%Á%< 3 U%( x&
4 U%(%d same as above 4 &

U%(Á
5 3
U%(%V/U%(%W 3 same as above same as above
6 U%(Ÿ U%(dj& U%(%(%< 3
7 U%( 4 same as above U%(14
The third case onwards declines like -ending masculine.
254
! *"#$%&
( ) . (.
! *"#$& (2) *V9

-*%9% -( )
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.25 W 32 3 2V9%"WÁ& ÆÁ& ˜ ~ ( )! *4 Á& o<j&

3
) 5 and < are replaced by 52 3 when preceded by 2V9, etc. five types of L%"V "W*s of
)>?(%< in neuter.
5 6
! *
2V9 etc. in ( ) 5 <3
)/
1
W 32 3
52 3 1/1 2V9-O"WÁ& 5/3 ÆÁ& 5/3 ˜ ~ ( )

! *4 Á& 5/3 )-5 <j& 6/2
• 3 1.3.3 Q#Ü< ˜.
52 3 1/1 – This is OW4\. 2 3 is SV by 3 By 1.1.55 (* 3 Ÿ˜, it can
4 %"òV )>?
replace the entire Û%"((. 3
• 2V9-O"WÁ& 5/3 – 2V9& O"W& d41%! V4 2V9%Wd& (116B)˜. This type of ab `"Q)<%) is called
Víƒ)!">U%( because the member of the Ñ W%0 ? is seen in the )< W.
• ÆÁ& 5/3 – Starting from 2V9, 5 words in )>%?"Wvƒ, which are:
1. 2V9-Lˆd-ending word (*V9, VV9, dV9, º*V9)
2. 2V<-Lˆd-ending word (*V<, VV<, dV<, º*V<)
3. Ñ
4. ÑV9
5. SV9
• ! *4 Á& 5/1 – From 7.1.23 o<j( ? )
( ) 3 ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< for matching with 2V9-O"WÁ&.
! *%V ˜.
• )-5 <j& 6/2 – From 7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3 )Åˆd ) 5 of 1/1 and < of
! *%V ˜; 3 2/1; in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
[LSK] ºÁ& 5/3 !à4Á& 5/3 )- <j& 6/2 52 3-OW4\& 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
3
52 3 is the substitute in the place of ) and < after 5 types of )>?(%< words in neuter.
*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + W 3 7.1.25 52 3 2V9%"WÁ& ÆÁ& ˜ ~ ( )
! *4 Á& o<j&
To be continued…
255
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.143 ¾4 & ˜ ~ "2"V pŸ #j &

3
"¾ part of p-)!U* $ is elided when followed by "2V-Lˆd.
6 7
p "¾ 3
"2V-Lˆd
1
#j
¾4 & 6/1 ˜ ~ "2"V 7/1 pŸ 6/1 #j & 1/1

• ¾4 & 6/1 – L%"V "W* is "¾, defined as 1.1.64 njÔÜ%"W "¾˜; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• 3
"2"V 7/1 – 2 3 SV dŸ 3
)& "2V (116B), V"µ(˜;3 qualifying Lˆd4, which is understood by the
context pŸ $Ÿ.
• pŸ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 pŸ ˜; in )}„4 1È` to ¾4 &.
• #j & 1/1 – From 6.4.134 6j jÔ(&˜. This is OW4\.
[LSK] "2"V 7/1 pŸ 6/1 ¾4 & 6/1 #j & 1/1˜

3
#j is the substitute in the place of "¾ of p-)!U* $ when "2V-Lˆd follows.
[LSK] *V9V 1/1,
3 2/1, *V9W 31/1, 2/1 É
*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + W 3 7.1.25 52 3 2V9%"WÁ& ÆÁ& ˜ ~ ( )
! *4 Á& o<j&
*V9 3+ W 3 6.4.143 ¾4 & ˜ ~ "2"V pŸ #j &
*V9V 3 8.4.56 >%Ô>)%( 4 ˜ n9 3
[LSK] *V94 1/2, 2/2 ˜ *V9%"ƒ 1/3, 2/3 ˜ Q4 *V9V S1/1
3 ˜ \41< 1/1
3 >! V 03 É
[LSK] º>< 03 *V<V 1/1
3 ˜ SV9V 1/1
3 ˜ ÑV 1/1
3 ˜ ÑV9V 1/1
3 ˜
[LSK] ÑV<Ÿ 6/1 V 0 ÑV<< 03 S"V º> 0 ˜

ÑV< is counted neither in 2V9%"W-vƒ, nor )>%?"W-vƒ, thus it declines like U%(.
256
! *"#$%&
( ) . (.
Summary of declension of *V9 ( -(-2)

! *"#$-)>?(%<)!U*-\] in 2V9%"Wvƒ
( )
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

*V9 + ) 5 *V9 + y *V9 + ) 3
*V9 + 52 3 7.1.25 *V9 + \` 7.1.19 *V9 + "\ 7.1.20
1
*V9 3+ W 3 6.4.143 *V94 6.1.87 3 S
*V9( + 7.1.72
3
*V9V/*V9W 3 8.4.56 *V9%"ƒ 6.4.8, 8.4.2
3 *V94ƒ *V9%Á%< 3 *V9x&
4 *V9µ x same as above *V94Á&
5 3
*V9µ%V/*V9µ%W 3 same as above same as above
6 *V9Ÿ *V9dj& *V941%< 3
7 *V9"µ( 3 same as above *V941
The third case onwards declines like -ending masculine )>?(%<.
(>%"V?*<)3 º*V9%à"V14fj >Œ’& ˜

The prohibition of 52 3-OW4\ after º*V9 should have been told.
º*V9%V 5/1
3 L"V14f& 1/1 >Œ’& 1/1˜

• 3 in >F ? Æ<`.
º*V9%V 3 5/1 – º* + 2V9 by 5.3.94 º*%Í L%n%< ˜;
• L"V14f& 1/1 – Prohibition of 52 3 OW4\ enjoined by 7.1.25 52 3 2V9%"WÁ& ÆÁ& ˜.
• 3 V’; “has to be said”.
>Œ’& 1/1 – >n +
[LSK] º*V9< 1/1,

3 2/1 ˜
º*V9 + ) 5
º*V9 + < 3 After 7.1.25 52 3 2V9%"WÁ& ÆÁ& ˜ is negated by (>%"V?*<)3 º*V9%à"V14fj >Œ’& ˜,
7.1.24 VjÔ< ˜3 takes place.
257
º*V9< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ˜ ~ *& º*& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
! *"#$& (1) c` %
O-*%9% -( )
"cd< 3 %"V S"V c` < (*

3 #<)3 ˜ That which protects wealth.
c` + % 9ªƒ4 + "ç 3
c` %
[">"f)FG<]3 ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ ˜

1.2.47 áoj ( )
3
The last letter of n-ending neuter L%"V "W* should become short.
6
! *
L%"V "W* in ( ) n3
1
áo
áo& 1/1 ( )
! *4 7/1 L%"V "W*Ÿ 6/1 ˜
• áo& 1/1 – This is OW4\. By hearing áo, 1.2.28 n» ˜ will come and it becomes
adjective to L%"V "W*Ÿ, resulting in “ Ÿ L%"V "W*Ÿ” with VW ">"f.
• ! *4 7/1 – In ">1d)®<`; “in neuter”.
( )
• L%"V "W*Ÿ 6/1 – In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
[LSK] Ÿ 6/1 S"V 0 º> 0 ˜

3
Only for n-ending word.
[LSK] c` < 1/1
3 U%(>V 03 ˜
After becoming a short -ending L%"V "W*, it declines exactly like U%(.
c` %
c` ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜, with the help of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜
1.2.47 áoj ( )
258
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
! *"#$& (1) >%"9

S-*%9% -( )
3
>tÏ >9ƒ4 3 \Ï (h´)
+ "ƒn + 3
>%"9
[">"f)FG<]3 ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
There is ã* 3 elision for ) 5 and < when
3 preceded by neuter $.
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) 5 <3
)/
1
ã* 3
)-5 <j& 6/2 ( ) 3 ˜ ~ ã* 3 1/1

! *%V 5/1
• 3 o<_ (ID), Vdj&˜; in Û%( 4djv% 1È`.
)-5 <j& 6/2 – )& n < n
• ! *%V 35/1 – In >F ? Æ<`.
( )
• ã* 3 1/1 – This is OW4\. ã* 3 elision elides entire Lˆd.
[LSK] ã* 3 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1

3 ˜
ã* 3 is the substitute in the place of ) and < after
3 neuter $.
[LSK] >%"9 1/1É
>%"9 + ) 5
>%"9 ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
>%"9 + y
>%"9 + \` ! *%Í ˜ ~ \` y†&
7.1.19 ( )
>%"9 + [ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8, 1.3.9
To be continued…
259
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )! *Ÿ (< 3

3
(<-Ov< 3
is attached to an S*-3 ending neuter word when n-beginning ">p"Œ follows.
6 7
! *
( ) S* 3 %"W ">p"Œ
1
3
(<-Ov<
S*& 6/1 "n 7/1 ">pŒ_ 7/1 ˜ ~ (< 1/1 ! *Ÿ 6/1

3 ( )

• ! *Ÿ, thus understood as “Sv Ÿ ( )
S*& 6/1 – This is adjective to ( ) ! *Ÿ” together
with VW ">"f.
• "n 7/1 – This is adjective to ">pŒ_, thus understood as “ %W_ ">pŒ_” together with
VW%"W">"f.
• ">pŒ_ 7/1 – In 9)®<`.
• 3
(< 1/1 – This is Ov<. Being "<V, 3 the "9p%1%)FG 1.1.47 "<WnjÔÜ%¨9&˜ is required.
• ! *Ÿ 6/1 – In Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
( )
[LSK] Sv Ÿ 6/1 !àŸ 6/1 (< 1/1

3 "n 7/1 ">pŒ_ 7/1 É
3
3 the augment for S*-3 ending neuter word when followed by n-beginning
(< is
declensional suffix.
[LSK] >%"9ƒ` 1/2 ˜
>%"9 + y
>%"9 + \` ! *%Í ˜ ~ \` y†&
7.1.19 ( )
>%"9 + [ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
>%"9( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
>%"9ƒ` 8.4.2 °îé% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜
260
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
[LSK] >%9`"ƒ 1/3 ˜

>%"9 + ) 3
>%"9 + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ˜ ~ ( )
3 S
>%"9( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
3 S
>%9`( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
>%9`"ƒ 8.4.2 °îé% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜
Here in ), 3 both 7.1.72 ( ) 3 (%<Û%( 4 and 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~
! *Ÿ #n& ˜ ~ (< )>?
( ) 3
! *Ÿ (< are applicable. There is no agreement among grammarians regarding which
one of the sūtras should be applied. Either of the sūtras can be used since the results are
the same. Thus there is no point in discussion.
[LSK] “( ã<V%” S"V 0 Ÿ 6/1 "(ˆ§%V 5/1

3 ª4 7/1 )}"^-"("<|& 1/1 vƒ& 1/1 ˜ Q4 0 >%94 S1/1, Q4 0 >%"9 S1/1 ˜
3 not always applicable, when it
Because 1.1.63 ( ã<V%$Ÿ ˜ ~ Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ< is
does not take effect, vƒ by 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ˜ ~ )}^_ takes place, making )}"^ which was
elided by ã* 3 as "("<|. Thus both forms with vƒ and without are heard.
>%"9 + ) 5 S1/1
>%"9 ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
Here, as "9p%1%)FG 1.1.62 Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ< ˜3 tells that an elided Lˆd can still be
"("<| for another sūtra, 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ˜ ~ )}^_, whose "("<| is ),5 is applicable. This is
3
debarred by 1.1.63 ( ã<V%$Ÿ ˜ ~ Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ< because the Lˆd was elided by ã* 3
elision.
However, this sūtra is "(ˆ, not always applicable, therefore vƒ can also take place
in this particular case.
>%94 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ˜ ~ )}^_
261
Side note:
3 ã<V% -” S"V "(14f& "(ˆ&, V0% "Q –
[LSK "¾ßƒ` h] “S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_” S"V G "n-¥Qƒ%V “(
By mentioning of "n in 7.2.73, "(ˆ§ of 1.1.63 is understood. To explain –
3
n-¥Qƒ! Q#%"W-’%>ti0 ?< ˜3
The mentioning of "n is to exclude Q#%"W suffix to follow.
3
VG ("< )"V " “o%"W1 -” S"V W§4 (-#j 4 >%"9Á%< S"V-OW_ £ 4 ">\41- p%>&˜
3 given (when Q#%"W follows), with the W-)!U%, 8.2.7 can elide the (. 3 Thus
Even (< is
there is no difference in form.
)}jf( 4 ("< “( "†)}jj&” S"V "(14f(4 (*%9-#j - p%>4 VG (*%9-c>ƒ-O "|& S"V V ( >%?<, 3 )}^4& ã*%
ã®§4( VG Lˆd#ªƒ- L>t|&4 ˜
3
In )}jf(, when (< comes, it should not be said that “(#j is negated by 8.2.8, then
3 heard”, because )}"^ ) 5 is elided by ã*,3 thus it
it will fall into the situation where ( is
3 “( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ”.
cannot bring (< by
3 ã<V% -” S"V "(14fŸ "(ˆ§! * d"V (U% d"V) ˜
º>! Q#%W_ Wj1- p%>4( “ "n” ¥Qƒ! ’Q8 )V “(
In this way, when Q#%"W follows, there is no problem without “ "n”. Mentioning of
"n being useless, (but it is actually not,) it makes you know "(ˆ§ of “( ã<V% -”.
V0% )"V Lˆd#ªƒ4( )}jf( 4 ("< (*%9c>ƒ! Ÿ%V 3 V& VW 3->%9ƒ%d “ "n” S"V o- \
! 4 n%"9V%0<? ˜3
3
When “( ã<V% -” is "(ˆ, (< will come in )}jf(. In order to negate this, mentioning
of “ "n” has its own usefulness.
è#! n U% (Ÿ - “Q4 G j, Q4 G ” S"V p%ØLdjv")"^& S"V-O"W É
This is seen in p%Ø.
By ending with short S, >%"9 gains "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ˜.

>%"9 + ¾% 3/1
>%"9 + (% 3
! *Ÿ(< and
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n">pŒ_˜~ ( ) 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 are ">L"V14f.
3 (%-OW4\ by 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 takes place.
By 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?< ˜,
>%"9ƒ% 8.4.2 °îé% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%! (j ƒ& )<%( W4
262
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
>%"9 + †4 4/1
Here, there is ">L"V14f situation between 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n">pŒ_˜ and 7.3.111 T4"†? "V˜. By
1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<˜,3 vƒ which is told in 9)FG should take place.
[LSK] “T4"†? "V” S"V 0 vƒ4 7/1 L%®4 7/1 –
When vƒ is to take place, the next vārtika gives >F "? >L"V14f.
(>%"V?*<)3 >tj_÷VtJö%>vƒ4Áj (< 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜

3
(< takes precedence over >t"^, y÷, VtJö%>,andvƒ.
>t"^-y÷-VtJö%>-vƒ4Á& 5/3 (< 1/1
3 >F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1 ˜
• >t"^-y÷-VtJö%>-vƒ4Á& 5/3 – In ">pŒ4 (different from, other than) Æ<` connected to *%d?<. 3
1. >t"^–By 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V˜. For example, "V)Y`"(.
2. y÷ – By 7.3.119 Í T4&˜. For example, >%"9"ƒ.
3. VtJö%> – By 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n ˜ ~ VtJKjk&. For example, HjkF"(.
4. vƒ – By 7.3.111 T4"†? "V˜. For example, >%"9ƒ4.
Notice that all these sūtras are 9 to sūtras enjoining (<. 3
• 3
(< 1/1 3
– This is the *%d?, to be done.(<-Ov< 3
is taught from 7.1.58 S"WVj (< f%Vj&˜ to 7.1.83.
• 3
>F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1 –In Q4V_VtV`d%. This is the reason for (<-Ov< to take precedence.
“Because of >F "? >L"V14f”
[LSK] >%"9ƒ4 4/1˜

>%"9 + †4
3 º
>%"9 ( + 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ (< and 7.3.111 T4"†? "V˜ are ">L"V14f.
with (>%´) >tj_÷VtJö%>vƒ4Áj (< 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜, (< should
3 take place.
3 º
>%"9ƒ + 8.4.2 °îé% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%! (j ƒ& )<%( W4
[LSK] >%"9ƒ& 5/1, 6/1˜>%"9ƒj& 6/2˜
In the same manner, 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n">pŒ_˜ takes place by >F "? >L"V14f.
263
[LSK] “(<"n9” S"V 0 (¾ 1/1

3 ˜ >%9`ƒ%< 6/3
3 ˜
>%"9 + O< 3
3
>%"9 + ( O< 3 Even though 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n">pŒ_˜ is applicable,
7.1.54 áo(•% j(¾ 3 ˜ takes place by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj(kl>"? >L"V14f(4 ˜.

>%9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"<˜ ~ n& $Ÿ W`T&?
>%9` + ƒ%< 3 8.4.2 °îé% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%! (j ƒ& )<%( W4
[LSK] >%"9"ƒ 7/1˜

>%"9 + "†
3 S
>%"9 ( + 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ (< and 7.3.119 Í T4&˜ are ">L"V14f.
3
with (>%´) >tj_÷VtJö%>vƒ4Áj(mF>"? >L"V14f(4 ˜, (< should take place.
3 S
>%"9ƒ + 8.4.2 °îé% ê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%! (j ƒ& )<%( W4
[LSK] Q#%W_ 7/1 Q"9>V 03 É
3
When Q#-beginning Lˆd follows, it declines like Q"9.
264
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
Summary of declension of >%"9 (S-(-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

>%"9 + ) 5 >%"9 + y >%"9 + ) 3
>%"9 7.1.23 >%"9 + \` 7.1.19 >%"9 + "\ 7.1.20
1 3 [
>%"9( + 7.1.73 3 S
>%"9( + 7.1.73
>%"9ƒ` 8.4.2 3 S
>%9`( + 6.4.8
>%9`"ƒ 8.4.2
>%"9 + ) 5
>%"9 7.1.23
ª4
>%94 7.3.109
>%"9 + ¾% >%"9Á%< 3 >%"9"p&
3 >%"9 + (% 7.3.120
>%"9ƒ% 8.4.2
>%"9 + †4 >%"9Á&
4 3 º
>%"9( + 7.1.73, (>%´) same as above
>%"9ƒ4 8.4.2
>%"9 + †")5
5 3
>%"9( + ) 3 7.1.73, (>%´) same as above same as above
>%"9ƒ& 8.4.2
>%"9 + u) 3 >%"9 + O< 3
3 u) 3 7.1.73, (>%´)
>%"9( + 3
>%"9 + ( O< 3 7.1.54, (>%´)
6 same as above
>%"9ƒj& 8.4.2 >%9` + (%< 3 6.4.3
>%9`ƒ%< 3 8.4.2
>%"9 + "† >%"9 + )
7 3 S
>%"9( + 7.1.73, (>%´) same as above >%"9 + 1 8.3.59
>%"9"ƒ 8.4.2
265
! *"#$& (2) W"f

S-*%9% -( )
W"f (curd) declines like >%"9 up to 3rdcase. 3rd case onwards the next sūtra is applied.
[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.75 "ÛW"f)no%<(†W%|& ˜ ~ ª ">p"Œ1 VtV`d%"W1

3
3rdcase onwards, these 4 L%"V "W* take (†-3 OW4\ when n-beginning ">p"Œ follows.
6 7
rd
"Û/W"f/)"p/ "ª n 3 3 ~ ">p"Œ
1
(† 3
"Û-W"f-)"p- o%< 6/3

3 († 3 1/1 hW%|&1/1˜ ~ ª 7/3 ">p"Œ1 7/3 VtV`d%"W1 7/3
• 3
"Û-W"f-)"p- o%< 6/3 – "Û (bone) n W"f (curd) n )"p (thigh) n "ª (eye) n "Û-
3 in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
W"f-)"p- ª`"ƒ (ID), V41%< ˜;
• 3 1.3.3 Q#Ü< ˜,
(† 3 1/1 – This is OW4\. † 3 is SV by 3 and 3 hÍ%9ƒ%0 ?.The content
after ( is
is (. 3 Being "†V, 3 this replaces only the last letter by 1.1.53 "†Í ˜ ~ #& ÜŸ
• hW%|& 1/1 – This is adjective to OW4\.
• ª 7/3 – From 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_˜. "n undergoes >n("> "9ƒ%< to match with VtV`d%"W1.
3
L%"V "W* n with 3
) , 3 the last n becomes * 3 by 8.2.30 nj& *&˜, then 8.3.59 OW4\Lˆddj&˜.
• ">p"Œ1 7/3 – From 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_˜. ">pŒ_ undergoes >n("> "9ƒ%< to match with
VtV`d%"W1.
• VtV`d%"W1 7/3 – From 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ ˜.
[LSK] º1%< 6/3

3 († 3 1/1 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ¾%-OW_ 7/1 "n 7/1˜
(† 3 is the substitute in the place of the last letter of these 4 words when n-3
3
beginning ) -Lˆd 3rd case onward follows.
W"f + ¾%
Wf 3 ( +
3 O 7.1.75 "ÛW"f)no%<(†W%|&˜~ ª ">p"Œ1 VtV`d%"W1
To be continued…
266
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.134 6j jÔ(& ˜ ~ pŸ $Ÿ

3
Of (-ending p-)!U* $, there is #j of in (. 3
6
p (3
1
#j
V 6/1
3 #j & 1/1 (& 6/1˜ ~ pŸ 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1

• 3
V 6/1 – Short ; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• #j & 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• (& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is (; 3 in )}„1È` to V. 3
• pŸ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 pŸ˜.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜.
[LSK] $- >d>& 1/1 )>?(%<Û%(-d-3 n-O"W-)

3 3 VŸ 6/1 *%9Ÿ 6/1 #j &
-O"W- 9& 1/1 d& 1/1 ( 1/1
1/1
˜
#j is the substitute in the place of 3
of ( which 3
is a part of $ followed by d or
3
n beginning ), etc. Lˆd, excluding )>?(%<Û%(.18
[LSK] Wq% 3/1 ˜

W"f + ¾%
Wf 3 ( +
3 O 7.1.75 "ÛW"f)no%<(†W%|&˜ ~ ª">p"Œ1VtV`d%"W1
Wf (3 +
3 O 6.4.134 6j jÔ(&˜ ~ pŸ $Ÿ
[LSK] Wq4 4/1 ˜Wq& 5/1 ˜Wq& 6/1 ˜Wqj& 6/2 ˜Wqj& 7/2 ˜
18
3 ¾%,
In *_<W`, VW ">"f is not used in order to avoid an unwanted possibility in the case of ( ª( +
3 found at the end, as well as in the middle of p)!U*- $. The >t"| reflects that
etc. in which ( is
consideration. In *%"\*%, (& is duplicated and VW ">"f is used.
267
[">"f)FG<]3 3 & (& pŸ $Ÿ

6.4.136 ">p%1% "† dj& ˜ ~ V #j
When "† or \` is following, #j of 3 optional.
in ( is
6 7
p (3 "†/\`
1
Optional
#j
">p%1% 1/1 "†- dj& 7/2 ˜~ V 6/1

3 #j & 1/1 (& 6/1 pŸ 6/1 $Ÿ 6/1

• ">p%1% 1/1 – #j of is optional.
• "†- dj& 7/2 – "†& n \` n "†\d_ (ID) ˜; in 9)®<`.
• 3
V 6/1 – short ; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• #j & 1/1 – This is OW4\.
• (& 6/1 – L%"V "W* is (; 3 in )}„1È`.
• pŸ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 pŸ˜.
• $Ÿ 6/1 – From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $Ÿ˜.
[LSK] $- >d>& 1/1 )>?(%<Û%(-d-3 n-O"W-)

3 3 VŸ 6/1 *%9Ÿ 6/1 #j & 1/1
-O"W- 9& 1/1 d& 1/1 ( 1/1
>% 0 Ÿ%V III/1
3 "†- dj& 7/2 9dj& 7/2 ˜
#j is the optional substitute in the place of 3
of ( which is a part of $ followed
3
by d or 3
n beginning ), etc. Lˆd, excluding )>?(%<Û%(, when "† or \` is following.
[LSK] W"q, Wf"( 7/1 ˜

W"f + "†
Wf 3 ( +
3 S 7.1.75 "ÛW"f)no%<(†W%|&˜ ~ ª ">p"Œ1 VtV`d%"W1
Wf (3 +
3 S 6.4.136 ">p%1% "† dj&˜ ~ r#j & (& pŸ $Ÿ
W"q
ª4
Wf"( does not get elided.
268
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
[LSK] \41< 1/1

3 >%"9>V 03 ˜ º>< 03 "Û-)"p- "ª 1/1 ˜
The rest declines like >%"9. The other three words in the sūtra 7.1.75
"ÛW"f)no%<(†W%|&˜ decline in the same manner.
Summary of declension of W"f (S-(-2)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

W"f + ) 5 W"f + y W"f + ) 3
W"f 7.1.23 W"f + \` 7.1.19 W"f + "\ 7.1.20
1
3 [
W"f( + 7.1.73 3 S
W"f( + 7.1.73
W"f(` Wf`"( 6.4.8
W"f + ) 5
W"f 7.1.23
ª4
Wf4 7.3.109
W"f + ¾% W"fÁ%< 3 W"f"p&
3 Wf( +3 O 7.1.75
Wq% 6.4.134
W"f + †4 W"fÁ&
4 Wf( +3 º 7.1.75 same as above
Wq4 6.4.134
W"f + †")5
Wf( +3 ) 3 7.1.75
3
Wq + ) 3 6.4.134
Wq& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
W"f + u) 3 W"f + O< 3
Wf( +3 u) 3 7.1.75 Wf( +3 O< 3 7.1.75
6 same as above
3 u) 3 6.4.134
Wq + 3 O< 3 6.4.134
Wq +
Wqj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 Wq%< 3
W"f + "† W"f1 8.3.59
Wf( +3 S 7.1.75
7 same as above
W"q 6.4.136
ª4 W"f"(
The rest declines like >%"9.
269
! *"#$& (3) "Z

S-*%9% -( )
"Z (two) in neuter is not taught in #T")^% *_<W`.

Counted in ˆW%"Wvƒ, "Z-\] takes OW4\ when ">p"Œ follows.
"Z + y 1/2, 2/2
Z3 +y 7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<& ˜
Z + \` ! *%Í ˜ ~ y†& \`
7.1.19 ( )
Z+[ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ˜, 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
Z4 6.1.87 Oíƒ& ˜
Summary of declension of "Z (S-(-3)

ˆW%"Wvƒ4 "þV& )>?(%<)!U*-"Z\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 Z4 7.2.102, 7.1.19, 6.1.87
S1
2 same as above
3 Z%Á%< 3 7.2.102, 7.3.102
4 same as above
5 same as above
6 Zdj& 7.2.102, 7.3.104, 6.1.78
7 same as above
The entire declension looks the same as for "Z in feminine, but the L"Hd% is totally
different.
270
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
! *"#$& (4) "G

S-*%9% -( )
"G (three) in neuter is not taught in #T")^% *_<W`.

3
In the first two ">p"Œs, because of "\-OW4\ which is termed )>?(%<Û%(, (<-Ov< and
h f%W`T ? take place. From the third ">p"Œ onwards, the declension is the same as for
masculine.
What makes "G-\] special is 7.1.53 G4d{Gd& ˜ in 6/3.
"G + O< 6/3

3
Gd + O< 3 7.1.53 G4d{Gd&˜ ~ O"<

3
Gd% + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜
Gd% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ W`T&?
Gd% + (%< 3 3 ƒ& )<%( W4
8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&
Summary of declension of "G (S-(-4)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

G`"ƒ 7.1.20, 7.1.73, 6.4.8,
1
8.4.2
S1
2 same as above
3 "G"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 "GÁ& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
5 same as above
Gd%ƒ%< 3 7.1.53, 7.1.54,
6
6.4.3, 8.4.2
7 "G1 8.3.59
271
! *"#$& (1) )f`

[-*%9% -( )
3 "f ("<G<)3 ˜ The one who has good intellect.

\jp(% f`& dŸ VV )
) + f` 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜ ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&
2.2.24 (*
)f` 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
This word can be in any gender, depending on its ">\4Ø.
[LSK] )"f 1/1 ˜

)f`
)"f ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜, with the help of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜
1.2.47 áoj ( )
)"f + ) 5
)"f ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
[LSK] )"f(` 1/2 ˜
)"f + y
)"f + \` ! *%Í ˜ ~ \` y†&
7.1.19 ( )
)"f + [ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
)"f( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
)"f(`
[LSK] )f`"( 1/3 ˜
)"f + ) 3
)"f + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ˜ ~ ( )
3 S
)"f ( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
3 [
)f`( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
)f`"(
[LSK] Q4 )f4 S1/1, Q4 )"f S1/1É
)"f + ) 5 S1/1
)"f ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
)f4 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ˜ ~ )}^_, because of "(ˆ§ of 1.1.63 ( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ˜
272
! *"#$%&
( ) [. (.
[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ ˜
~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ª ">p"Œ1
An S*-3 ending neuter word which can be used in masculine in the same sense,
3
followed by n-beginning 3rd case ">p"Œ onwards, declines like masculine, in the opinion
of grammarian v%#>.
1 7
p%")V ! ! *
( ) S* 3 n 3 3rd case ~ ">p"Œ
1
Optional >! V 3
VtV`d%"W1 7/3 p%"1V ! < 1/1

3 >! V 03 v%#>Ÿ 6/1 ˜ ~ S* 3 1/1 ( )
! *< 1/1
3 ª 7/3 ">p"Œ1 7/3
4 words in the )FG; 4 words are (>t"|
• 3
VtV`d%"W1 7/3 – ) -Lˆd 3
starting from ¾%.
• p%"1V ! 3
< 1/1 3 ( VV 3
– This is adjective to \]o£ <. 3 p%"1V& (said, communicated) <%( d4
3
! *< (116B)
p%"1V ) 3
L>t"|-"("<|< (an idea which makes one employ words) ˜ VW 3 Ÿ "
S"V 5.2.126 \?O"WÁjÔn ˜3
• >! V 03 – \]o£ in neuter will behave like masculine.
• v%#>Ÿ 6/1 – v%#> is the name of a grammarian; in )}„1È` to <V4, which is supplied,
resulting in “in the opinion of v%#> s"1”, indicating this is optional.
• S* 3 1/1 – From 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_˜, S*& undergoes ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< to match with
p%"1V ! <. 3
• ( ) 3
! *< 1/1 ! *Ÿ #n&˜, ( )
– From 7.1.72 ( ) ! *Ÿ undergoes ">p"Œ"> "9ƒ%< to match
with p%"1V ! <. 3
• ª 7/3 – From 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_˜. "n undergoes >n("> "9ƒ%< to match with VtV`d%"W1.
• ">p"Œ1 7/3 – From 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_˜. ">pŒ_ undergoes >n("> "9ƒ%< to match with
VtV`d%"W1.
273
[LSK] L>t"|"("<|-w½4 7/1 p%"1V- ! 3 S*-3

< 1/1 < 1/1
3 !à< 1/1
3 >! V 03 >% 0 ¾%-OW_ 7/1 "n 7/1 ˜
S*-3 ending neuter word which communicates in the same sense as the masculine
3
word, optionally declines like masculine when n-beginning 3rd case onwards ">p"Œ
follows.
? . The same thing can be said in

L>t"|"("<| of L%"V "W* )f` in neuter is \jp(-Ð%(-*Vt§
masculine. Thus this L%"V "W* )f` is p%"1V ! , a word which has the meaning by which
masculine word is conveyed.
Note that the p%"1V ! ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜19.
is examined before applying 1.2.47 áoj ( )
[LSK] )"fd% 3/1, )"f(% 3/1 Sˆ%"W 1/1˜

)f` This word is p%"1V ! .
)"f ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜
1.2.47 áoj ( )
)"f + ¾% It can decline like masculine by
7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ ˜ ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ª ">p"Œ1
3 O
)"fd + 3 negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&˜, then Sd† 3 by
4 %njÔ)!djv% Ÿ ˜ ~ dƒ is
6.4.82 º9(*
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_˜
)"fd%
19
? <, 3 VV n
[LSK "¾ßƒ` ] )f`\]Ÿ L>t"|"("<|! \jp(-Ð%(-*Vt§ 3
3 -! •`-!à41 )<%(<, 3 V"µ( )"V p%"1V ! -
! ö%> S"V ˜
)f`\]Ÿ hŒÛ%#4 (VtV`d%"W1 etc.) >% o
The meaning of )"f ()f`) is “one who does a good meditation”, which is the same among
all three genders. When that is the case, under the conditions which were said, the )f` word
behaves like masculine.
? <, 3 f%Vt\]4 f%9ƒ- j1ƒ-*Vt§
º>! )ã\]4 \jp(-#>(-*Vt* ? ! "G1 ("#$41) Vô< ˜3
In the same manner, )ã ()€) and f%Vt are p%"1V ! .

L•-Lpt"V1 V ( ( 4( >! ö%>-">* &, S*-3 Ÿ L•-\WŸ p%"1V ! §- p%>%V, 3 p%"1V ! Ÿ L•j-\]Ÿ S*-3 §-
3
p%>%V É
However, in L• (L•j) etc., there is no optional >! ö%> by this sūtra, because there is no S*-3
beginning masculine word conveying the same meaning, as L•j is the word which conveys the
masculine meaning, but it does not begin with S*.3
274
! *"#$%&
( ) [. (.
ª4
)"f + ¾%
)"f + (% 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3
)"f(%
Summary of declension of )f` ([-(-1)

p%"1V ! -S*-3 -\]&
Before ">p"Œ comes, the ending becomes áo, and it declines like a áo-S-ending
word.
)f`
)"f ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜, with the help of 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜
1.2.47 áoj ( )
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 )"f 7.1.23 )"f(` 7.1.19, 7.1.73 )f`"( 7.1.20, 7.1.73, 6.4.8
)"f 7.1.23
/)f4 7.3.109
)"fd% 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77 )"fÁ%< 3 )"f"p&
3
)"f(% 7.1.73
)"fd4 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77 )"fÁ&
4 same as above
)"f( 4 7.1.73
)"fd& 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77
)"f(& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"fdj& 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77, )"fd%< 3 7.1.74, 6.4.85,
6 same as above 8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.4.77
)"f(j& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )f`(%< 3 (>%´) 7.1.54, 6.4.3
)"f"d 7.1.74, 6.4.85, )"f1 8.3.59
7 6.4.77 same as above
)"f"( 7.1.73
The rest declines like >%"9.
275
! *"#$& (1) <f

h-*%9% -( )
<f (honey) in neuter is not p%"1V ! , as <f in masculine conveys different meanings
such as spring season, name of demon, etc. Therefore, it declines exactly like >%"9.
Summary of declension of <f (h-(-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 <f <f(` <fF"(
S1 <fj/<f same as above same as above
3 <f(% <fÁ%< 3 <f"p&
4 <f( 4 same as above <fÁ&
5 <f(& same as above same as above
6 same as above <f(j& <fF(%< 3
7 <f"( same as above <f1
The entire declension is like >%"9.
276
! *"#$%&
( ) h. (.
! *"#$& (1) )€
l-*%9% -( )
)È ã(%"V S"V )ã (\•<)3 ˜ That which cuts well, such as a sword.

3 "ç 3
) + €Ï +
)€ 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
This word can be in any gender, thus this is p%"1V ! .
The difference from another p%"1V ! 3
word )f` is that )€ in >! V takes 3 \ by
dƒ OW4
6.4.83 u& )" ˜.
Summary of declension of )€ (l-(-1)

p%"1V ! -S*-3 -\]&
! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜
Before ">p"Œ comes, the ending becomes áo by 1.2.47 áoj ( )
resulting in )ã.
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 )ã 7.1.23 )ã(` 7.1.19, 7.1.73 )€"( 7.1.20, 7.1.73, 6.4.8
)ã 7.1.23
/)#j 7.3.109
)ó% 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )ãÁ%< 3 )ã"p&
3
)ã(% 7.1.73
)ó4 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )ãÁ&
4 same as above
)ã( 4 7.1.73
)ó& 7.1.74, 6.4.83,
5 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
)ã(& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)ój& 7.1.74, 6.4.83, )ó%< 3 7.1.74, 6.4.83
6 same as above 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )€(%< 3 (>%´) 7.1.54, 6.4.3
)ã(j& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"ó 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )ã1 8.3.59
7 same as above
)ã"( 7.1.73
277
! *"#$& (1) f%Vt

s-*%9% -( )
f%Vt (one who sustains) can be in any gender, thus this is p%"1V ! .
3
2f%Ï f%9ƒ 3 "9)
j1ƒdj& (3U) to bear, to sustain + Vtn (*V?
[LSK] f%Vt 1/1, 2/1 |

f%Vt + ) 5
f%Vt ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3 20
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
[LSK] f%Vtƒ` 1/2, 2/2 |
f%Vt + y
f%Vt + \` ! *%Í ˜ ~ y†& \`
7.1.19 ( )
f%Vt + [ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8#\çV"^V4 ˜, 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
3 [
f%Vt( + 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ (< (3 )
! *Ÿ
f%Vtƒ` (>%´) s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< ˜3
[LSK] f%VÚ"ƒ 1/3, 2/3 |
f%Vt + ) 3
f%Vt + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ˜ ( )
f%Vt + S 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8#\çV"^V4 ˜, 1.3.9 VŸ #j & ˜
3 S
f%Vt( + ! *Ÿ 21
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ (< (3 )
3 S
f%VÚ( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ W`T&? (j f%d%&
f%VÚ"ƒ (>%´) s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< ˜3
20
! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3 is "(ˆ.
7.1.97 s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ( 4Q)%! n ˜ does not take place because 7.1.23 o<j( ? )
21
7.3.110 sVj "†)>?Û%(dj&˜ ~ vƒ& does not take place because of >t"^-y÷-VtJö%>-vƒ4Áj (< 3
>F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜.
278
! *"#$%&
( ) s. (.
[LSK] Q4 f%V& S1/1, Q4 f%Vt S1/1|

Since ) 5 is not )>?Û%( in neuter, 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?Û%(dj&˜ does not take place. Instead,
7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ&˜ ~ )}^_ takes place.
f%Vt + ) 5
f%Vt ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
f%V9 3 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ&˜ ~ )}^_, as the result of "(ˆ§ of 1.1.63 ( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ˜
f%V& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3
3rd case onwards, when n-beginning suffix follows, 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3
v%#>Ÿ ˜ ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ª ">p"Œ1 is applicable and two forms are to be made. One is like f%Vt
in masculine, and the other is like )f` in neuter.
However, 6/3 is the exception.
[LSK] f%VÚƒ%< 6/3
3 |
f%Vt + O< 3 This word can decline like masculine by

7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ ˜ ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ª ">p"Œ1
>! ö%> ª4 (when it declines like masculine)
3
f%Vt + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O"<
f%VÚ + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜

f%VÚƒ%< 3 (>%´) s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< ˜3
>! ö%>- p%>- ª4 (when it declines as neuter)

f%Vt + O< 3
Here, 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ (< (3 )
! *Ÿ and 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ ~ O"< are applicable.
By (>%´) (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜, (¾ 3 takes place. Then, the L"Hd% is the same as above,
like masculine.
[LSK] º>< 03 U%Vt-OWd& 1/3É

In this manner, U%Vt, etc., decline like f%Vt.
279
Summary of declension of f%Vt (s-(-1)

p%"1V ! -S*-3 -\]&
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
f%Vt 7.1.23 f%Vtƒ` 7.1.19, 7.1.73, (>%´) f%VÚ"ƒ 7.1.20, 7.1.73,

1
6.4.8, (>%´)
f%Vt 7.1.23
/f%V& 7.3.108
f%G% 7.1.74, 6.1.77 f%VtÁ%< 3 f%Vt"p&
3
f%Vtƒ% 7.1.73, (>%´)
f%G4 7.1.74, 6.1.77 f%VtÁ&
4 same as above
f%Vtƒ 4 7.1.73, (>%´)
f%V& 7.1.74, 6.1.111, 8.2.24
5 f%Vtƒ& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15, same as above same as above
(>%´)
f%Gj& 7.1.74, 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 f%VÚƒ%< 3 7.1.74,
6 same as above
f%Vtƒj& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15, (>%´) 7.1.54, 6.4.8, (>%´)
f%V"9 7.1.74, 7.3.110 f%Vt1 8.3.59
7 same as above
f%Vt"ƒ 7.1.73, (>%´)
In S1/1, vƒ by 6.4.110 sVj "†)>?Û%(dj&˜ caused by )}"^ which was elided by ã*,3 as
the result of "(ˆ§ of 1.1.63 ( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ˜.
3
After 3rd case, when n-beginning suffix follows, 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ
˜ ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ª ">p"Œ1 is applicable and two forms are to be made. One is like f%Vt in
masculine, and the other is like )f` in neuter.
3 7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜
In 6/3, >! ö%>- p%>- ª4, (¾ 3 by 7.1.54 takes precedence to (< by
by (>%´) (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜.
280
! *"#$%&
( ) u. (.
! *"#$& (1) L•j

u-*%9% -( )
3 L•
L*t k% •_& dŸ/d"µ( VV 3 ("W(<)3
L + •j 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜ ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&

2.2.24 (*
L•j 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
This word can be in any gender, depending on its ">\4Ø. Therefore, L•j is p%"1V ! .
However, L•j is not S*-3 ending. Thus 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ ˜ ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ª
">p"Œ1 does not apply here.
! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜ is applied to make the last vowel áo.

Before declension, 1.2.47 áoj ( )
Now, a question arises. What is the áo form of u? By 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜, the closest in
terms of Û%( is taught. However, Û%( of u is *¬þ and uÈ_. The áo of them are and h.
Thus, 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ by itself cannot decide which áo letter should be the OW4\ for
! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜.
1.2.47 áoj ( )
For this situation, the next "(d<)FG, giving restriction to 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ is
introduced.
281
["(d<)FG<]3 1.1.48 ºn Szso%W4\ 4 ˜

When áo is enjoined for ºn, 3 only S* 3 should be the OW4\.
ºn& 6/1 S* 3 1/1 áo-OW4\ 4 7/1 ˜

3 words in the )FG; no word is required as (>t"|
• ºn& 6/1 – Lˆ%Q%9& ºn, 3 all diphthongs; in Û%(d4 jv% 1È`.
• S* 3 1/1 – Since áo-OW4\ is told, S* 3 is already included in áo.
• 3 in )"V)®<`.
áo-OW4\ 4 7/1 – áoŸ OW4\& áo%W4\& (6T), V"µ( ˜;
[LSK] O"W d<%(14 7/3 áo41 7/3 ºn& 6/1 S* 3 1/1 º> 0 Ÿ%V III/1
3 ˜
When áo is taught to be OW4\ for ºn, 3 only S* 3 should be OW4\.

This sūtra brings "(d<, restriction, to áo-OW4\ enjoined for ºn. 3 It rules out of áo-
OW4\.
º u w u
(*¬þV%ã) (*¬þjÈ<)3 (*¬þV%ã) (*¬þjÈ<)3
S h s t
(*¬þ&) (V%ã) (uÈ_) (<Ff%?) (W %&)
To choose one letter from ºn, 3 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜ is used. Then, S for º and w, and h
for u and y are understood.22
[LSK] L• 1/1 ˜
L•j
L• ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜, with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜.
1.2.47 áoj ( )
With the help of 1.1.48 ºn Szso%W4\ 4 ˜ and 1.1.50 Û%(Ô4 9V<&˜, OW4\ is decided.
L• + ) 5
L• ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
22
1.3.10 d0%)Ì<(W4\& )<%(%< ˜3 is not used because this sūtra is "(d<, not >F "? >"f (a fresh injunction),
in which all the letters have to have n"9V%0 ? (usefulness). Here, being "(d<)FG, some letters (s, t) can
be left unused. This sūtra gives "(d< for ">"f in which áo-OW4\ is given for ºn. 3
282
! *"#$%&
( ) u. (.
[LSK] L•(` 1/2 ˜

L• + y
L• + \` ! *%Í ˜ ~ \` y†&
7.1.19 ( )
L• + [ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
L• ( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
L•(`
[LSK] L•F"( 1/3 ˜
L• + ) 3
L• + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ˜ ~ ( )
3 S
L• ( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
3 [
L•F( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
L•F"(
[LSK] L•(% 3/1 Sˆ%"W 1/1É
L• + ¾%
L• + (% 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 ~ T4&
Summary of declension of L•j (u-(-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 L• L•(` L•F"(
S1 L•j/L• same as above same as above
3 L•(% L•Á%< 3 L•"p&
4 L•( 4 same as above L•Á&
5 L•(& same as above same as above
6 same as above L•(j& L•F(%< 3
7 L•"( same as above L•1
The entire declension is like <f.
283
! *"#$& (1) L9x

w-*%9% -( )
3 L"9
L*t k& 9%& dŸ/d"µ( VV 3 (*#<)3
L + 9x 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜ ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&

2.2.24 (*
L9x 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
[LSK] L"9 1/1 ˜

L9x
L"9 ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜, with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜.
1.2.47 áoj ( )
L"9 + ) 5
L"9 7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V ˜3 ~ ã*23
[LSK] L"9ƒ` 1/2 ˜
L"9 + y
L"9 + \` ! *%Í ˜ ~ \` y†&
7.1.19 ( )
L"9 + [ 1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ ˜, 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
L"9 ( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
L"9ƒ` 3 ƒ& )<%( W4
8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&
[LSK] L9`"ƒ 1/3 ˜
L"9 + ) 3
L"9 + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ˜ ~ ( )
3 S
L"9 ( + ! *Ÿ (< 3
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ ˜ ~ ( )
3 [
L9`( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ ˜ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
L9`"ƒ 3 ƒ& )<%( W4
8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&
23
! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3 is "(ˆ compared to 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_, which means, 7.1.23 can
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
be applied before or after 7.2.85, while 7.2.85 cannot be applied after 7.1.23. Thus 7.1.23 takes
precedence as told by ( ´) >F ? 9-"(ˆ- 9$- 3
>%W%(%< h|9j|9j 3
a#`d%( ˜.
After ã* 3 elision of ),5 the ) 5 cannot become the "("<| for 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_ because of
1.1.63 ( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ ˜.
284
! *"#$%&
( ) w. (.
[LSK] L"9ƒ% 3/1 ˜

L"9 + ¾%
L"9 + (% 7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ˜3 ~ T4&
L"9ƒ% 3 ƒ& )<%( W4
8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&
[LSK] º*W4\-">*t V< 1/1
3 (Ñ>V 03 ˜ L9%Á%< ˜3
By this "9p%1%, “modification of one part does not make the whole entity into
another”, after modifying a part of L%"V "W* and becoming L"9, still 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O
">pŒ_ is applied.
L"9 + Á%< 3
L9% + Á%< 3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_
Note that this does not apply to 1/1 because ) 5 is elided by ã* 3 and 1.1.63 (
ã<V%Ô$Ÿ˜ debars the ) 5 to be "("<| for 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ˜ ~ O ">pŒ_.
[LSK] L9`ƒ%< 6/3
3 É
L"9 + O< 3
3
L"9 + ( O< 3 7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ˜ by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ˜
L9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ˜ ~ n& $Ÿ W`T&?
L9` + ƒ%< 3 3 ƒ& )<%( W4
8.4.2 °îé%ïê’>%d4Ô" ˜ ~ 91%Á%< (&
Summary of declension of L9x (w-(-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 L"9 L"9ƒ` L9`"ƒ
S1 L94/L"9 same as above same as above
3 L"9ƒ% L9%Á%< 3 7.2.85 L9%"p& 7.2.85
4 L"9ƒ4 same as above L9%Á& 7.2.85
5 L"9ƒ& same as above same as above
6 same as above L"9ƒj& L9`ƒ%< 3
7 L"9"ƒ same as above L9%) 7.2.85
285
! *"#$& (1) )(_

y-*%9% -( )
3 )
\jp(% (_& dŸ/d"µ( VV 3 ( (*#<)3
) + (_ 4 <Ñ W%0æ ˜ ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&

2.2.24 (*
)(_ 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3
[LSK] )( 1/1 ˜
)(_
)( ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ˜, with 1.1.52 #jÔÜŸ ˜.
1.2.47 áoj ( )
)( + ) 5
)( ! *%V ˜3 ~ ã* 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
[LSK] )((` 1/2 ˜ )(F"( 1/3 ˜ )((% 3/1 Sˆ%"W 1/1 É
Summary of declension of )(_ (y-(-1)
º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3
1 )( )((` )(F"(
S1 )(j/)( same as above same as above
3 )((% )(Á%< 3 )("p&
4 )(( 4 same as above )(Á&
5 )((& same as above same as above
6 same as above )((j& )(F(%< 3
7 )("( same as above )(1
S"V 0 ! *-"#$%& 1/3 É

-( )
Thus the section of ! *-"#$%&
-( )
286
Index
Index
3
S,W 3Á%< 7.3.117 ................................................ 211
"n 9 sV& 7.2.100............................................. 216 s
"n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ 6.4.77 ....................... 138 3
sV hV 6.1.111 .................................................. 162
nj "üƒ"V 7.2.115 ............................................. 102 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& 7.3.110 ............................ 157
Í T4& 7.3.119 ..................................................... 89 s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ( 4Q)%! n 7.1.94 ............................ 158
¾ 3*é%†3(ê’>%d4Ô" 8.4.2 ................................... 25 3
s©4Áj †` 4.1.5 ............................................... 236
3
Vj "p) w) 7.1.9 ................................................. 29 º
3
VjÔ< 7.1.24 ..................................................... 247 º*>n(! )}"^& 2.3.49 ......................................... 19
W 32 3 2V9%"WÁ& ÆÁ& 7.1.25 ............................. 255 º†3áo%³}^4& 6.1.69 .......................................... 21
(†3 )_ 7.1.93 ..................................................... 93 ºn Szso%W4\ 4 1.1.48 .......................................... 282
9! a"Qd?vj )!’%(dj& 1.1.36 .............................. 59 ? 6.4.82 ................................ 140
º9( 4*%njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ
t º*%# 3 Lˆd& 1.2.41 ...................................... 96
Œ u
®t Mt o)t(®t( 4kt§ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ 3
Ú %< 6.4.11 .. 159 u& )" 6.4.83 ................................................... 172
"< >F &? 6.1.107................................................... 22 u") n 7.3.104 ................................................... 39
}%0(? •já?o& 7.3.107 ....................................... 129 y
3
0>? Wf%V9Lˆd& L%"V "W*< 1.2.45 ......................... 2 y† O & 7.1.18 ............................................... 193
#jÔÜ%V 3 >F ? h f% 1.1.65 ................................... 94 yVjÔê\)j& 6.1.93 ............................................ 187
6j jÔ(& 6.4.134 .............................................. 267 3
yV 7.3.118 ...................................................... 104
"ÛW"f)no%<(†W%|& 7.1.75 ....................... 266 *
O *t |"^V)<%)%» 1.2.46 ........................................... 4
O*2%9%W4*% )!U% 1.4.1 .......................................... 77 Y
O"† n% & 7.3.105.............................................. 195 –ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ 6.1.112 ......................................... 103
3
O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< 7.3.120 ....................................... 86 v
O¾» 6.1.90 ...................................................... 131 v"V» 1.4.60 ...................................................... 148
O¬(•%& 7.3.112 ................................................ 130 3
vjVj "ƒV 7.1.90 ................................................. 186
OVj f%Vj& 6.4.140 ............................................... 79 T
OW4\Lˆddj& 8.3.59 ............................................ 42 T4"†? "V 7.3.111 ..................................................... 87
O"< )>?(% & )¾ 3 7.1.52 ........................................ 52 †
S †")5†)j» 6.1.110 ............................................... 88
S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ 7.1.73 .......................................... 260 †")Ãj& µ%" (_ 7.1.15 ..................................... 51
287
"†"V áo» 1.4.6 ................................................. 209 ! *%Í 7.1.19 ................................................. 248

( )
†4 9% •% `Á& 7.3.116 ......................................... 133 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ 8.2.7 .................................. 99
†4 d&? 7.1.13........................................................... 30 (%"W"n 6.1.104 ..................................................... 15
3
Ã% -L%"V 3
"W*%V 4.1.1 ............................................ 6 (%"< 6.4.3 ............................................................ 41
n (t n 6.4.6........................................................... 184
n¾F 1.3.7 .............................................................. 16 ( 4d†>†3Û%(%>{G` 1.4.4 ..................................... 230
3
9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< 7.2.101 ................................ 67 "V& )<%) º> 1.4.8............................................ 106
\)j& "\& 7.1.20 ............................................. 251 W% Ÿ 8.4.37 .................................................... 26
)& \` 7.1.17 ...................................................... 49 9» 3.1.2 .............................................................. 7
") n 7.3.109 ..................................................... 83 3
>F ? 9%>9W"ªƒj|9% 9%f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%<)!U%d%< 1.1.34
¾ ....................................................................... 56
¾%†")5†)%"<(%ì%& 7.1.12.................................... 27 >F %?"WÁj (>Áj >% 7.1.16 ...................................... 60
¾4 & 6.4.143.......................................................... 256 Lˆd& 3.1.1 ........................................................... 7
2 3
Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ< 1.1.62 .............................. 114
2"V n 1.1.25 ...................................................... 110 LˆdŸ ã9ã & 1.1.61 ..................................... 112
V L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d( 4<%» 1.1.33..................... 62
Vµ%Ù)j (& "! ) 6.1.103 ..................................... 24 ? >ƒ?& 6.1.102...................................... 14
L0<dj& >F )
VtJKjk& 7.1.95 ................................................. 156 a
VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ 7.1.74 .............. 273 abvƒ>V2"V )å–% 1.1.23 ................................ 109
ˆW%W`(%<& 7.2.102 ............................................. 120 3
ab>n( 4 ô4V 7.3.103 .......................................... 36
"GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t 7.2.99 ............................ 215 3
ab1 ab>n(< 1.4.21 ............................................ 16
G4•d& 7.1.53 ...................................................... 118 <
W "<WnjÔÜ%V 3 9& 1.1.47...................................... 253
W`T%? ") n 6.1.105 ............................................... 72 d
Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( 4 1.4.22 ...................................... 10 3
d"n p< 1.4.18 ..................................................... 76
( 3
dµ%àˆd">"f W%"W Lˆd4Ô$< 1.4.13 ................. 20
( "V)tnV)t 6.4.4 ................................................. 217 dŸ4"V n 6.4.148................................................ 249
( pF)"fdj& 6.4.85 ............................................... 152 d%2% & 7.3.113 .................................................. 196
( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ 1.1.63 ............................................ 115 dF +%–_ (W` 1.4.3 ............................................ 127
( ">pŒ_ Vµ%& 1.3.4 ............................................. 18 9
( 1¾ 3o %"WÁ& 4.1.10 ........................................ 240 3
9%V )Ÿ 8.2.24 .................................................. 163
! *Ÿ #n& 7.1.72 ........................................ 252
( ) 9%dj Q"# 7.2.85 .................................................. 189
288
Index
# o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V 7.1.23 ........................................... 259
#\çV"^V4 1.3.8 ................................................... 23 o%"W )>?(%<Û%( 4 1.4.17..................................... 75
> o_ )<_Àk%Á%"i{†4 Á%Â{†")5Á%Â{†)j)%!ÃjÄ
>1%?‡» 6.4.84 .................................................... 177 3
4.1.2 .............................................................. 5
>%Ôê\)j& 6.4.80 ................................................. 225 Q
>%"< 1.4.5 ........................................................... 232 3
Q#Ã%âj 3 "5 VŸ Œ
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 6.1.68 ................... 97
>%>)%( 4 8.4.56 ...................................................... 38 áo(•% j (¾ 3 7.1.54............................................. 40
">p"Œ» 1.4.103 ................................................... 17 áoŸ vƒ& 7.3.108 ............................................. 84
">p%1% "† dj& 6.4.136......................................... 268 ! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ 1.2.47 ........................... 258
áoj ( )
">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n 7.1.97 ................................... 161
"9p%1%&
">p%1% "W[<%)4 ab `Q_ 1.1.28 ............................. 202
3
( "9p%1%) º*W4\">*t V<(Ñ>V................................ 69
3
">9%<jÔ>)%(< 1.4.110 .......................................... 11
( "9p%1%) "("W¯ d<%(Ÿ%W4\% p>" ......................... 69
\
3 ( "9p%1%) W%$%"f*%94 VŸ n VW Ÿ n .................. 68
"\ )>?(%<Û%(< 1.1.42 ....................................... 251
>%"V?*%"(
\41j *)"Y 1.4.7 .................................................. 85
(>%"V?*<)3 s>ƒ%?©Ÿ ƒ§! >%?< .........................
3 180
1
(>%"V?*<)3 º*V9%à"V14fj >Œ’& ........................... 257
12 3Áj ã* 3 7.1.22 ................................................ 111
(>%"V?*<)3 y†& d%! L"V14fj >%?& ........................ 250
% % 1¾ 3 1.1.24 ................................................. 110
(>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? WŸ dƒ (3 4ØV4 ............... 149
)
(>%"V?*<)3 V`dŸ "†³ >% ....................................... 65
)–9)}^_ 7.1.92 ............................................. 101
(>%"V?*<)3 q 3
? p>j dƒ >Œ’&
9 (& >F Ÿ ............... 178
)}^_ n 7.3.106 ................................................ 194
(>%"V?*<)3 "Z ;? %(%<4>"4 k& .................................. 121
)£ %ƒ%<4*\41 º*">pŒ_ 1.2.64 ............................. 12
(>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtJö%>4Áj (¾ 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ........ 164
)>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ 6.4.8 .................................... 95
(>%"V?*<)3 L0<"#$¥Qƒ! n.................................... 128
)>?(% & µ x 7.1.14................................................. 50
(>%"V?*<)3 >tj_÷VtJö%>vƒ4Áj (< 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 .. 263
)>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» 7.3.114 ................................. 200
)>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( 1.1.27 ....................................... 46
)FGH<&
)"5 n 7.3.102 ...................................................... 28
1.1.23 abvƒ>V2"V )å–% ................................ 109
! *Ÿ 1.1.43 ............................................... 74
)2( )
1.1.24 % % 1¾ ................................................
3 110
) & 1.4.103 ........................................................... 8
1.1.25 2"V n ..................................................... 110
"{Gd%! n 7.1.96 ................................................... 235
1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( ...................................... 46
"{Gd%& 6.4.79 ..................................................... 224
1.1.28 ">p%1% "W[<%)4 ab `Q_ ............................ 202
Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ 1.1.56 .................................. 31
3 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d( 4<%» .................... 62
o<U%"Vf(%–%d%< 1.1.35 .................................... 58
289
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"ªƒj|9% 9%f9%"ƒ ’>Û%d%<)!U%d%< 3 1.4.6 "†"V áo» ................................................ 209
........................................................................ 56 1.4.60 v"V» ...................................................... 148
3
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%–%d%< .................................... 58 1.4.7 \41j *)"Y ................................................. 85
1.1.36 9! a"Qd?vj )!’%(dj& .............................. 59 1.4.8 "V& )<%) º>............................................ 106
3
1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<Û%(< ....................................... 251 2.3.49 º*>n(! )}"^& ......................................... 19
! *Ÿ ............................................... 74
1.1.43 )2( ) 3.1.1 Lˆd& ........................................................... 7
1.1.47 "<WnjÔÜ%V 3 9& ...................................... 253 3.1.2 9» .............................................................. 7
1.1.48 ºn Szso%W4\ 4........................................... 282 3
4.1.1 Ã% -L%"V 3
"W*%V ............................................ 6
1.1.56 Û%"(>W%W4\jÔ("óf_ .................................. 31 4.1.10 ( 1¾ 3o %"WÁ& ........................................ 240
1.1.61 LˆdŸ ã9ã & ..................................... 112 4.1.2 o_ )<_Àk%Á%"i{†4 Á%Â{†")5Á%Â)-3
3
1.1.62 Lˆd#j 4 Lˆd#ªƒ< ............................... 114 3
†)j)%!ÃjÄ ..................................................... 5
1.1.63 ( ã<V%Ô$Ÿ ............................................ 115 3
4.1.5 s©4Áj †` ............................................... 236
1.1.65 #jÔÜ%V 3 >F ? h f% ................................... 94 ? >ƒ?&...................................... 14
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
1.2.41 t º*%# 3 Lˆd& ...................................... 96
Œ 6.1.103 Vµ%Ù)j (& "! ) .................................... 24
3
1.2.45 0>? Wf%V9Lˆd& L%"V "W*< ......................... 2 6.1.104 (%"W"n ..................................................... 15
1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ............................................ 4 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n .............................................. 72
! *4 L%"V "W*Ÿ ............................ 258
1.2.47 áoj ( ) 6.1.107 "< >F &? .................................................. 22
1.2.64 )£ %ƒ%<4*\41 º*">pŒ_ ............................. 12 6.1.110 †")5†)j» ............................................... 88
1.3.4 ( ">pŒ_ Vµ%& ............................................. 18 3
6.1.111 sV hV.................................................. 162
1.3.7 n¾F .............................................................. 16 6.1.112 –ˆ%V 3 9Ÿ ......................................... 103
1.3.8 #\çV"^V4 ................................................... 23 3
6.1.68 Q#Ã%âj 3 "5 VŸ Œ
W`T%?V ) 3
t ! Q# ................... 97
1.4.1 O*2%9%W4*% )!U% .......................................... 77 6.1.69 º†3áo%³}^4& .......................................... 21
1.4.103 ">p"Œ» ................................................... 17 6.1.90 O¾»...................................................... 131
1.4.103 ) & ........................................................... 8 6.1.93 yVjÔê\)j& ............................................ 187
3
1.4.110 ">9%<jÔ>)%(< .......................................... 11 Ú %<..3 159
6.4.11 ®t Mt o)t(®t( 4kt§ktª|tQjVt jVtL\% ƒ
3
1.4.13 dµ%àˆd">"f W%"W Lˆd4Ô$< .................. 20 6.4.134 6j jÔ(& ............................................. 267
1.4.17 o%"W )>?(%<Û%( 4 ..................................... 75 6.4.136 ">p%1% "† dj& ........................................ 268
3
1.4.18 d"n p< ...................................................... 76 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& .............................................. 79
3
1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< ............................................. 16 6.4.143 ¾4 & ......................................................... 256
4
1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n( ...................................... 10 6.4.148 dŸ4"V n................................................ 249
1.4.3 dF +%–_ (W` ............................................. 127 6.4.3 (%"< ............................................................ 41
1.4.4 ( 4d†>†3Û%(%>{G` ...................................... 230 6.4.4 ( "V)tnV)t ................................................ 217
1.4.5 >%"< ........................................................... 232 6.4.6 (t n........................................................... 184
290
Index
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! Ej"9d†>†_ ....................... 138 7.1.95 VtJKjk& ................................................ 156
6.4.79 "{Gd%& ..................................................... 224 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n .................................................. 235
6.4.8 )>?(%<Û%( 4 n%)}^_ .................................... 95 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W "n .................................. 161
6.4.80 >%Ôê\)j& ................................................. 225 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ............................................ 216
? ................................ 140
6.4.82 º9( 4*%njÔ)!djv >F Ÿ 3
7.2.101 9%d% 9)ÑV9Ÿ%< ............................... 67
6.4.83 u& )" ................................................... 172 7.2.102 ˆW%W`(%<& ............................................ 120
6.4.84 >1%?‡» .................................................... 177 7.2.115 nj "üƒ"V ............................................ 102
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ............................................... 152 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# .................................................. 189
7.1.12 ¾%†")5†)%"<(%ì%&.................................... 27 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t............................ 215
7.1.13 †4 d&? ........................................................... 30 7.3.102 )"5 n ..................................................... 28
7.1.14 )>?(% & µ .................................................
x 50 3
7.3.103 ab>n( 4 ô4V .......................................... 36
7.1.15 †")Ãj& µ%" (_ ..................................... 51 7.3.104 u") n ................................................... 39
7.1.16 >F %?"WÁj (>Áj >% ....................................... 60 7.3.105 O"† n% & ............................................. 195
7.1.17 )& \` ...................................................... 49 7.3.106 )}^_ n ............................................... 194
7.1.18 y† O & ................................................ 193 7.3.107 }%0(? •já?o& ...................................... 129
! *%Í .................................................. 248
7.1.19 ( ) 7.3.108 áoŸ vƒ& ............................................. 84
7.1.20 \)j& "\& ............................................. 251 7.3.109 ") n..................................................... 83
3
7.1.22 12 3Áj ã* ................................................ 111 7.3.110 sVj "†)>?(%<Û%(dj& ............................ 157
7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V ............................................ 259 7.3.111 T4"†? "V ..................................................... 87
3
7.1.24 VjÔ< ..................................................... 247 7.3.112 O¬(•%&................................................ 130
7.1.25 W 32 3 2V9%"WÁ& ÆÁ& ............................. 255 7.3.113 d%2% & .................................................. 196
7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & )¾ ........................................
3 52 7.3.114 )>?(% & Ÿ%Z o» ................................ 200
7.1.53 G4•d& ...................................................... 118 7.3.116 †4 9% •% `Á& ........................................ 133
7.1.54 áo(•% j (¾ 3 ............................................. 40 3
7.3.117 S,W 3Á%< ................................................ 211
! *Ÿ #n& ........................................ 252
7.1.72 ( ) 3
7.3.118 yV ...................................................... 104
7.1.73 S*jÔ"n ">pŒ_ .......................................... 260 7.3.119 Í T4& .................................................... 89
7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>Ÿ .............. 273 3
7.3.120 O†j (%Ô"{Gd%< ...................................... 86
7.1.75 "ÛW"f)no%<(†W%|& ....................... 266 3
8.2.24 9%V )Ÿ .................................................. 163
3
7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ................................................. 29 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% Ÿ .................................. 99
3
7.1.90 vjVj "ƒV .................................................. 186 8.3.59 OW4\Lˆddj& ........................................... 42
7.1.92 )–9)}^_ ............................................. 101 8.4.2 ¾ 3*é%†3(ê’>%d4Ô" ................................... 25
7.1.93 (†3 )_ ..................................................... 93 8.4.37 W% Ÿ .................................................... 26
7.1.94 s,\(ÝËW!)jÔ( 4Q)%! n ............................. 158 4
8.4.56 >%>)%(...................................................... 38
291
292
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Pānini Sutras

Study Guide to Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi

Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti

Arsha Avinash Foundation

Electronic version of this book is available at:

Printed version of this book is available at:

0 12 3"#$41 "5 6$%& ....................................................................................................................... 1

h-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) \i ............................................................................................................. 155

h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) f4( ............................................................................................................ 234

Study Guide to Pā ini Sūtra through Laghusiddhāntakaumudī Series

Volume 1. )!U%L*9ƒ<, 3 )"„L*9ƒ< 3

0 12 3"#$41 "5 6$%&

Declension of L%"V "W* is discussed by grouping them into 6 categories in the

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.45 0 ?>Wf%V9Lˆd& L%"V "W*< ˜3

4 words in the )FG, no (>t"| is required.

[LSK] f%V< 2/1

-. “)"®† <”3 S"V )FG 4 L0<< "("W¯

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W*< 3

2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|

[LSK] *t |"^V% _ 1/2 )<%)%& 1/3 n 0 V0% 0 Ÿ& III/3 ˜

[">"f)FG<]3 4.1.2 o_ )<_Àk%Á%"i{†4 Á%Â{†")5Á%Â{†)j)%!ÃjÄ ˜3 ~

L%"V "W*%V 5/1

1 word in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|

The significance of “†`-O ”3 is not “after †`-O , 3 ) -Lˆd

[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3.1.1 Lˆd& ˜

[LSK] S"V 0 "f*t ˆ 0 ˜ Ã% %V 5/1

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.103 ) & ˜ ~ G`"ƒ G`"ƒ º*\& º*>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(

º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

VtV`d% ¾% Á%< 3 "p) 3

Æ<` †")5 Á%< 3 Á) 3

-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9%<

Now, there is a ">>ª%, desire to tell, 9%< in first case singular.

[">"f)FG<]3 1.4.22 Ò4*dj"Z¯>n( x*>n(4 ˜

[LSK] "Z§-º*§dj& 7/2 ºV4 1/2 & III/2 É

The next sūtra gives >)%(-)!U% to the absence of letters.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.110 ">9%<jÔ>)%(<˜3

2 words in the )FG

[LSK] >ƒ%?(%< 6/3

[LSK] Ë5 §-">)vÖ 1/2 ˜ 9%<& 1/1É

[">"f)FG<]3 1.2.64 )£ %ƒ%<4*\41 º*">pŒ_ ˜ ~ º>

3 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|

To begin with, the simple meaning can be understood first by 0 ? of L0<%>t"|&.

#T")^% *_<W` gives more meaning:

<%Vt (yƒ%"W*Vt &, ((`) <%Vt (<%† 3 <%( 4 + Vtn, 3 "9Ù4|%)

º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3 º*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

L0<% <%V% <%V9_ <%V9& <%V% <%V%9_ <%V%9&

"ZV`d% <%V9< 3 <%V9_ <%VÚ& <%V%9< 3 <%V%9_ <%VÚ( 3

VtV`d% <%G% <%VtÁ%< 3 <%Vt"p& <%G% <%VtÁ%< 3 <%Vt"p&

nV0Ç <%G4 <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ& <%G4 <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ&

Æ<` <%V& <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ& <%V& <%VtÁ%< 3 <%VtÁ&

1È` <%V& <%Gj& <%VÚƒ%< 3 <%V& <%Gj& <%VÚƒ%< 3

)®<` <%V"9 <%Gj& <%Vt1 <%V"9 <%Gj& <%Vt1

)}jf(< 3 <%V& <%V9_ <%V9& <%V& <%V%9_ <%V%9&

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )

L0<dj& 6/2 >F )

2 words in the )FG, 6 words as (>t"|

and 2nd case endings.

[LSK] *& 5/1 L0<%"ZV`ddj& 6/2 "n 7/1 >F )

3 words in the )FG; 6 words as (>t"|

taken into consideration as (>t"|.

Volume 1. )!U%L9ƒ<, 3 )"„L9ƒ< 3

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.46 t |"^V)<%)%» ˜ ~ L%"V "W< 3

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.103 ) & ˜ ~ G`"ƒ G`"ƒ º\& º>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(

[">"f)FG<]3 1.4.22 Ò4dj"Z¯>n( x>n(4 ˜

[">"f)FG<]3 1.2.64 )£ %ƒ%<4\41 º">pŒ_ ˜ ~ º>

º>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3 º>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3