American Survival Guide - January 2020

How-to: Foraging for Fruits and Nuts
S TO PLOT YOUR PATH
FRIENDLY
FIRE
The Rules and Tools to
Win the Flame Game
ALONE’S
NICOLE
APELIAN
Learning and Teaching
Mother Nature’s Secrets
DIY
FRANKENPISTOL
Maybe the Most Versatile
Gun in Your Arsenal
U.S. $8.99 JAN 2020 DISPLAY UNTIL 12/17/19
FEATURES
12
STAYING SAFE IN THE CITY
Regulation-Friendly Firearm
Options for Urban Preppers
By Jonathan Kilburn
32
LEAVING THE GRID BEHIND
Two U.S. States Move Toward
Energy Independence and You Can Too
By Dana Benner
46
DON’T GET STUCK ON THE QUILLS
Porcupines Could Be the
Perfect Survival Protein Ration
By Dana Benner
90
NICOLE APELIAN’S LIFETIME OF LEARNING
'Alone' Star Tunes in to Mother Nature
to Learn and Share Survival Secrets
By Michael D’Angona
HOW-TO
38
PLAYING WITH FIRE
Gather the Tools, Learn the Rules
and Win the Game
By Jim Cobb 76
70 12 32
FRUITFUL FORAGING
How to Find Nuts, Berries
and Other Edibles in the Forest
By Christopher Nyerges
82
NIGHTTIME NAVIGATION
Finding Your Way With the Stars
By Christopher Nyerges
REVIEWS
22
THE PERFECT PAIR OF PREPPER’S KNIVES
The White River Firecraft FC5 and
M1 Backpacker Pro Tick All the Boxes
By Jim Cobb
60
DIY FRANKENAR PISTOL
Would This Be The Most Versatile
Gun In Your Arsenal?
By Will Dabbs, MD
76
READ ’EM AND REAP
Good Books are the Whetstones
that Keep Your Mind Sharp
By Dana Benner
AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE (ISSN 2331-8937) is published 12 times a year—January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December—by Engaged Media, LLC,
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90 82
5
GEAR
70 22
38
GUIDE
52
COLD-WEATHER CLOTHING
COLLECTION
STAY WARM WHEN WINTER
WINDS BLOW
By Michael D’Angona
DEPARTMENTS
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FIRST WORDS
8
NEW PRODUCTS
60 46
88
PREPPER PLANT ADVISOR
98
LAST WORDS
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include stock images that are the
property of Getty Images.
[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 5

VOL. 9 ISSUE 01
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TOPS Knives Kershaw Launch 8 Camp 10 Machete Street Scalpel 2.0
Devil’s Claw 2 The Launch 8 is an automatic knife that The Camp 10 has been a popular machete The Street Scalpel 2.0 is a great “get off of
calls to mind the traditional stiletto. It is a for a bit now. This new version, in the black me” tool. The ³/16-inch-thick 1095 steel is
The hawkbill blade profile is perfect for pull
lightweight knife, weighing only 2.4 ounces, and tan color scheme, is often called the made for slicing but doesn’t compromise
cuts and slashing, which means it excels as a
owing to the anodized aluminum frame. Camp Tan. It is big enough to handle serious strength. The sheath can be configured in
self-defense weapon. Intimidating, of course,
The CPM 154 steel blade is 3.5 inches long. chores such as processing firewood and just about any way you can imagine, from
and it also makes short work of cutting open
Press the recessed button and that blade clearing brush. It is also small enough not inside the waistband to on the belt, scout
boxes and performing other such workaday
snaps into position with authority. Open, the to be awkward for lighter-duty tasks. The carry to appendix. It will even work as a neck
chores. The Devil’s Claw 2 is 7.38 inches long,
knife stretches to 8.25 inches. The reversible handle is really grippy and comfortable to knife. The Street Scalpel 2.0 has an overall
with the 1095 blade making up 3.13 inches of
pocket clip keeps the knife in place until you use, even for extended periods of time. End length of 7 inches and a blade that's 3.13
that length. It weighs in at 5.6 ounces. Add in
need it. Integrated finger guards keep your to end, the Camp 10 is 16 inches long with inches. The knife weighs 3.1 ounces, so it is
the Kydex sheath and you’re up to 7.2 ounces.
hand safe while you go about your business. the blade filling 10 of those inches. Without light enough to carry all day long without
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the glass-filled nylon sheath, it weighs 1 discomfort.
itive grip, and the ring keeps the knife exactly MSRP: $159.99 pound, 2.3 ounces.
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TOPSKnives.com Kershaw.KaiUSAltd.com

J
anuary is one of the most depressing months of the year for many people. The holidays
are over and, let’s face it, most of us probably packed on a few pounds, what with all
of the feasting from November through December. Want to know what can cure all of
that? Get outside and hit the trail. It is awfully hard to be in a bad mood when you’re in
the woods, provided you’re properly attired and prepared for common emergencies.
5 6
7 8
5 6 7 8
Merino Wool Hiker Socks Danner FullBore Boots 5.11 Tactical Cable Hiker Baldric Rig
Merino wool has long been prized for comfort, The FullBore line of boots from Danner is Tactical Boot The appeal of a Baldric Rig is simple. Anything
warmth and durability. These Hiker Socks are made for real-world use and abuse. They that you can carry on your belt, from a knife to
The Cable Hiker Tactical Boot will keep your
made from 65 percent Merino wool, 32 per- have a cushioning Vibram platform and what an axe, can be switched to shoulder carry. For
feet comfortable, even on the very longest
cent nylon, and 3 percent Lycra. The socks are they’re calling Megagrip technology for trac- example, if you’re wearing a heavy long coat
treks. The antimicrobial lining is low-friction
cushioned, which is a great help when you’re tion. The upper is made from suede leather in the winter, you might carry your fixed-blade
and combats odor. The Speed 3.0 outsole is
on those exceptionally tiring hikes. They come and breathable mesh. The footbed consists knife with this Baldric Rig positioned outside
5.11’s most advanced terrain-taming sole. The
in four men’s shoe sizes covering 4 through 12- of three layers and is made with breathability, your coat so you can access it without having
boot has a high-rebound OrthoLite footbed
plus. They are comfortable and durable and air circulation and heat dissipation in mind. to dig around on your belt. The strap is adjust-
that cushions against impacts and reduces
very well-suited for the long haul. The boots are 4.5 inches high and weigh able from 51 to 59 inches, with holes punched
foot fatigue. The scratch-resistant rubber toe
about 42 ounces per pair. The FullBore boots every two inches. High-quality leather and
MSRP: $22.97 look just as great when trekking the urban
covering protects feet as well. The Cable Hiker
brass make a great looking addition to your
Tactical boot hits that sweet spot combining
jungle as when you’re out in the sticks. winter load-out.
SleepingIndianUSA.com comfort, quality and handsome appearance.
MSRP: $150 MSRP: $109.99 MSRP: $60
Danner.com 511Tactical.com SurvivalResources.com

9 10
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9 10 11 12
Kevlar Cordage Wool Survival Shirt Survival Pants Fire Buttons
Cordage is a necessity in virtually any survival The Survival Shirt is made of 100 percent wool These wool pants are perfect when you need It is always a good idea to have redundancy
kit. While you could make it in the field, it with an added windbreaker liner. This makes to spend extended periods out in the bitter with some of the most important survival
is far easier and faster to have some on it exceptionally great in cold weather. Wool cold. There are numerous pockets: two on needs. Fire is near the top of that list. These
hand. Kevlar cordage can be used for shelter retains its warm properties even when wet, the back, two hip, two cargo, and two on the Fire Buttons give you tinder and sparks with-
building, snares, building traps and even as a unlike cotton. The polyester lining is breathable calves. A drawstring at the waist helps keep out adding any appreciable weight or bulk to
friction saw to cut through plastic restraints. and waterproof. The shirt has double stitching them up, and there are drawstrings at the cuffs your kit. Sew them on your favorite outdoor
This small clamshell container holds a full 75 in critical areas. There are two pockets on as well. The pants have a four-button fly, so coat and you’ll always have the tools to get a
feet of dark green cordage in a package just the front of the shirt, secured by buttons. It is there’s no zipper to get fouled up. Wool has fire going. One button is made of magnesium
a couple of inches across and weighing less available in olive drab (OD) green. natural properties that prevent odor, making and the other is ferrocerium. Scrape some
than 2 ounces. The cordage has a breaking these a great choice for hunting in particular. magnesium into a pile, then strike sparks with
strength exceeding 80 pounds. MSRP: $259 the ferrocerium to light it up.
MSRP: $279
MSRP: $5 SleepingIndianUSA.com MSRP: $10 (Magnesium);
SleepingIndianUSA.com
SurvivalResources.com $16 (Ferrocerium)
Shomer-Tec.com

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Titanium Bushcraft PowerBar Power Station Explorer 240 Portable Klymit Maxfield 2
Pack Grill Use the PowerBar to juice up everything from Power Station 3-Season Tent
cell phones to laptops and more. It has an AC
Titanium is heat-resistant, strong and light- Sometimes, you want to get away but still have This is an extremely lightweight two-person
outlet as well as a Quick Charge 3.0 USB port,
weight, making it perfect for a nice little grill for reasonable access to power for your cell phone, tent. It is designed to provide a large living space
standard USB port, and even a USB-C port. It
the pack. This model is laser-cut from a solid tablet, or other devices. The Explorer 240 is an without adding to pack weight. There are three
is 6.5 inches long and 2.55 inches wide. At 1.5
sheet of titanium. It works great for cooking excellent option in that regard. Charge it up via internal mesh pockets for your necessities. It has
pounds, it will hardly be noticed in your pack
food right on the grill or using it in conjunction AC, 12V or even a solar panel, then toss it in the a trail weight of 3 pounds, 12 ounces. Packed up,
and you’ll be glad you brought it when your
with a pot or pan. Simply prop it up between a truck for later. At 6.6 pounds, it isn’t something it measures 5.5 inches by 19 inches. Once set up,
phone hits that last bar of power. It is TSA-ap-
couple of rocks or logs placed on either side of you’d typically add to a pack, but it is small the floor dimensions are 84 inches by 51 inches.
proved, too, which is a nice bonus.
the coals and you’re in business. It measures enough to fit just about anywhere in a vehicle. The sil-nylon fabric and aluminum hardware
approximately 4 inches by 10 inches and weighs MSRP: $129.99 It measures 9 x 7.8 x 5.2 inches. The Explorer ensure strength and durability without adding
5.2 ounces. It also comes with a carrying bag. 240 works great from 32 to 104 degrees (F) and pounds to your load.
Jackery.com includes two USB ports, an AC outlet and a 12V
MSRP: $24.95 auto outlet. MSRP: $399.95
SurvivalResources.com MSRP: $299.99 Klymit.com
Jackery.com

STAYING
SAFE IN
THE CITY
REGULATION-FRIENDLY FIREARM
OPTIONS FOR URBAN PREPPERS
BY JONATHAN KILBURN

A
pipe wrench can be used to
loosen a pesky bolt under
the hood of your truck. It’s
not the perfect tool for
the job, but it will suffice
and get you moving again, which is your
ultimate goal. In a similar way, firearms are
also tools and, like the wrench, they can
and should be employed to their maximum
potential and effectiveness when and
as appropriate to ensure your safety and
security. However, in many urban centers,
where firearms could often serve their
primary purpose, they seem to be out of
place.
Many gun restrictions are created in
response to crimes committed in cities.
Something bad happens and makes
headlines, and the firearms involved are
assigned the blame, then regulated or
made illegal in an effort to reduce the
likelihood of those crimes happening again.
Because of this scenario, some laws in
cities restrict ownership of many common
types of firearms that law-abiding citizens
depend on for their safety. States with
higher-density cities or numerous smaller
cities in close proximity to one another
tend to have more of these restrictions.
This situation puts many people in these
areas in a tough spot because they want
to be able to defend themselves but don’t
want to be at odds with local laws.
THE RESTRICTIONS
Most restrictions are created based on
the perception of what makes a firearm
dangerous, often in an environment of
anti-gun political bias. Generally, the focus
is related to the guns’ actions themselves,
particularly semiautomatics, and their ac-
cessories and attachments, based on their
connection with prior or potential crimes.
In some locations, adjustable stocks,
removable magazines and/or magazine
capacity, bayonet lugs, pistol grips and
other attachments are characteristics of a
“dangerous” firearm. Next to attachment
governance is a complete ban of a certain
type of action. Massachusetts, for example,
has banned sales of all AK and AR type
weapons.
To a large extent, these laws are estab-
lished without sound knowledge of how
the firearms work or the recognition that
it’s the user who committed the crime,
not the gun. Right or wrong, the laws are

› A unique entry into the firearms world is the
predominantly polymer KelTec SU16. This model will
fit magazines in its foldable buttstock and readily
accepts STANAG magazines.
passed. If the law is ignored, an individual • Overall distance to engage or monitor a potential threat. Greater range means utilizing
would become an outlaw and might lose a different tool than if the threat is on the other side of a door.
the ability to possess firearms and suffer • Types of use which firearms will encounter. This means both pre- and post-SHTF sce-
other penalties as well. In rural areas fire- narios must be considered.
arms are often part of the way of life, but • Ability to safely and effectively store the firearm.
cities and suburbs are less accepting. • What inherent benefits that firearm has. There may be a better choice, depending on
many variables.
URBAN ALTERNATIVES • Overall perception that a specific firearm can imply. A firearm can often provoke a
› Areas close
The level of protection and types of to major urban
reaction of awe, fear/respect or derision based on looks alone.
tools employed in defense of one’s family centers, such
as New York
and home are completely subjective and City, offer more
STAY AWAY!
depend on location within the city, geog- potential for Where long distances are encountered, bolt-action rifles can be increasingly effective.
disaster and chaos
raphy of the terrain, nearby obstacles, and than most other
Common calibers, such as .308, are not just easy to find but are often chambered in
the surrounding buildings. While many of areas. Large cities’ easy-to-maintain rifles. Police forces also use bolt-action rifles in urban areas. The Savage
dense populations,
the firearms listed on the following pages mixed with high
10 Scout is one such example. A .30-06, like that found in the Savage 111, will achieve a
are potentially beneficial, they will be crime rates and broader effective range for hunting and defense than most other calibers available.
difficult firearms
unsuitable in all locations. For example, regulations, mean
I’m a personal fan of lever-actions. While you won’t encounter me trying to clear a
a high-rise complex may have an ideal defending a home room in my home with a .45-70 Marlin, properly set-up lever-action rifles can cover some
might become
vantage point where a potential threat very hard in the
distance while remaining powerful. One of the most common hunting guns in history has
can be observed from far away. In this type future. been the Winchester 94 in .30-30. It still remains an extremely common caliber choice
of situation, engaging a threat with a .22
short at an extended distance would be
ill-advised.
A benefit of possessing a firearm is
how versatile it can be. A rifle commonly
used for hunting can reclaim a new life
as a home defense tool. Training with a
firearm for use in both situations increases
the amount of efficiency and familiarity,
improving overall safety.
It would be time well spent to study and
think about the versatility of firearms
considered for use in urban areas follow-
ing a disaster. There are several things to
consider:

even if its range is limited.
Henry Repeating Arms has created the Long Ranger in .308 to bridge the gap between a
lever- and bolt-action. Pointed bullets are not used frequently in lever-actions because of
the potential to set off the primer of another round when loaded into a tubular magazine.
Henry feeds these bullets through a stack magazine. This means that the Long Ranger
can use common ammunition types while being faster to reload than a bolt-action. One
downside to lever-actions is the increased movement of parts and tools necessary for
maintaining them over an extended period of time.
The great thing about this type of firearm is how easy they are to find, maintain, store
and operate. It’s the most common action type in the world. Bolt-actions are employed by
every military and will continue to be used based on the ballistics and reliability benefits
they offer.
TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT

Staying well-armed and safe in and around the home is as essential as being able to
reach out far beyond. There are some exceptional direct alternatives to the AR and AK
platforms. The purpose is for simple modularity, inherent in the design of the AR, and ease
of functionality and maintenance, as seen with the AK. For those states without action
bans and only feature bans, the Lee Armory Hunter is an AKM with a Monte Carlo stock.
It’s not the first, but it does make this a legal option for difficult states such as New York,
California and New Jersey. Likewise, Franklin Armory Reformation circumvents several
potential restrictions imposed on the AR platform as well as NFA standards.
“A BENEFIT OF POSSESSING A
FIREARM IS HOW VERSATILE IT CAN
BE. A RIFLE COMMONLY USED FOR
HUNTING CAN RECLAIM A NEW LIFE AS
A HOME DEFENSE TOOL.”
‹ Above: JAR
variants are
becoming more
readily available,
and their prices
have dropped
significantly in
the past few years.
Unfortunately, that
is met with stronger
opposition from
some quarters and
more legislation
trying to ban them
altogether.
‹ Left: Urban areas offer

unique vantage points
to properly defend a
home in a TEOTWAWKI
(the end of the world as
we know it) situation.

‹ Left: While typically
thought of as a rural
hobby, long-range
shooting is beginning
to find its way closer
to urban areas and
has valid and practical
applications if SHTF.
› Right: The M10x

and Hunter rifles
are newer and more
acceptable designs
based purely on
legislation or visual
design concerns.
Neither makes the
gun more or less
powerful or useful.
I’m always amazed by the ingenuity of

some when they are faced with specific
challenges. When complete actions start-
ed to become regulated or banned, some
companies upped the ante, especially
when people don’t want an SKS as their
only option. M+M produced a mixed weap-
on that utilizes AK magazines in a new,
unique action and platform: the M10x. The ‹ Left: AR platforms
are not always a
capability it affords to defend the home legal option in cities
without the restrictions or fear surround- and some U.S. states.
While they are easy
ing a particular action are immeasurable. to build, they are
Likewise, KelTec’s SU16 does the same for not always allowed,
so other firearm
the AR platform. KelTec is not without options should be
its faults, but it utilizes AR magazines considered.

and a foldable, compact design molded in
polymer.
For those who want to stand out against
the crowd, MarColMar has reintroduced
the CETME-L to the American market. The
CETME-L was the 5.56 rifle for Spanish
PASSING MUSTER
forces during the 1980s and utilized The Franklin Armory Reformation is one of the oddball rifles on the market
STANAG magazines. It’s a unique gun, if not today. While not legal in all areas, it bypasses some of the restrictions in
very ergonomic. The CETME-L is not a wall state and federal laws. The Reformation is not a rifle nor a shotgun. With
hanger, and will truly raise some eyebrows. the integration of a straight-rifled barrel, it bypasses many of the firearms
However, it’s an option for those locations definitions and is placed into an "other" category. Likewise, since it is not a
that dislike AR rifles. If the bolt system is rifle, pistol or shotgun, many of the NFA regulations defining short-barrel rifles
appealing but caliber is not, Century Arms do not apply. Currently, the Reformation is the only gun of this type. Despite
also has their C308. The C308 is a .308 cal- the benefits, there’s a reason it stands solitary. Ballistically, the Reformation
iber CETME-C rifle that was used by Spain lacks the range needed in alternatives of the same caliber. For example, a .223
shortly after WWII. fired from a rifle barrel of the equivalent length may reach out to 400 yards
These firearms represent an alternative with little difficulties. Regrettably, the Reformation starts producing keyhole
to the AR and AK platforms. They have targets in as little as 50 yards.
their uses and functions, but this caliber is
MIX AND MATCH

often unused for hunting medium game,
such as deer. The pure ingenuity and design
characteristics make each of these firearms
a potential replacement for the AR or AKM
Accessories and ammunition are just as vital as the firearms. A rifle with no
platform. Care should be exercised, howev-
sights is just about as useful as a loud baton. These categories are where per-
er, as many of these firearms may soon be
sonal preference takes priority. Finding the most comfortable and appropriate
restricted due to potential policy changes.
accessories that make it easier to wield your particular rifle can save hassles in
Keep in mind, effectively using these
‹ Below: “Scary- the long run. For example, a holographic sight is not the worthiest accessory
firearms means proper training and the looking” rifles such
as the MarColMar for a long-range bolt action. Likewise, a large magazine fixed to a compact
addition of other items such as scopes,
CETME-L and rifle may be difficult to maneuver by someone with shorter arms or stature.
grips and magazines. While each has very Century Arms C308
may look dangerous, Practice and find the solution that works best for you and your rifle.
few working parts, they do require a bit of
but they are less
knowledge and wisdom. Semiautomatic powerful than bolt-
actions due to their
firearms are known to encounter a plethora
gas and bolt systems.
of potential issues, and knowing how to

properly diagnose and remedy those issues
is the key to successful use.
WHEN SIZE MATTERS

Firearms aren’t for everyone. They cer-
tainly aren’t for every occasion. For some,
the noise alone is enough to prevent post-
SHTF implementation. The .22LR has been
around for over a century and is quieter
than most firearms. Perhaps most notable,
it’s inexpensive to shoot.
There are many .22LR designs to choose
from. The most iconic is the Ruger 10/22,
and while it’s an excellent rifle, I prefer the
Thompson Center T/CR-22. It has propri-
etary parts and can still utilize almost ev-
erything made for the Ruger 10/22. Thomp-
son doesn't offer a takedown option, so it's
harder to carry. Even the 10/22 takedown
is difficult to carry discreetly. With that
in mind, the Henry AR-7 is a stowable,
space-saving option with a storied lineage.

‹ Left: The Marlin
1895 in .45-70 is
capable of reaching
out to 1000 yards
using factory
ammunition
› Far right, top: With a To add to that, Chiappa makes a single

forward scout scope, shot break-barrel called the Little Badger.
a bolt-action can
still be utilized with This gun features a threaded barrel for
extreme efficiency. ease of cleaning with the adaptation of a
Models like this early
Savage 10 Scout, are solvent trap.
often used by police Realistically, these aren't primary options
across the United
States. for home defense, but they certainly are
enough to be a deterrent and to supply
food on the table if necessary. The goal
with this caliber would most likely be
discretion, ease of storage, and a moderate
cost of a firearm and ammunition. Space
is limited in most urban climates, so this
makes for an excellent option. The reduced
› Far right, bottom:
sound signature is one of the greatest
The Henry Long benefits of .22LR. It’s crucial to stay quiet
Ranger utilizes a
unique bolt system
when discreetly trying to hunt squirrels,
that forces as much rabbits and rats in the apocalypse.
gas forward as
possible, making it
incredibly accurate. THIS IS MY BOOMSTICK
The lever is an added
benefit for quick
Shotguns have been wielded as home
reloading. defense tools for as long as they have
BEING 'THE
RIFLEMAN'
Lever-action rifles are often misjudged. They are frequently
represented as an antiquated, cartoonish effigy of a proper
firearm. The reality is considerably different. If someone
must enter the public eye with a firearm, a lever-action
might give them a potential advantage. Common caliber
variations range anywhere from .22 short to .50 Alaska.
been around. Furthermore, they are one of the least restricted and most versatile firearms
Walking through a metropolitan area with a lever-action
available. For hunting, a sole shotgun can be used for everything from fowl to deer with
may arouse some attention, but most individuals view it
proper ammunition choices. One can never go wrong with a pump-action or single-shot
more as a western movie prop than a lethal firearm and may
either. Semiautomatics have also been used reliably for decades. There is a reason the
underestimate the lethality of the user. So, go ahead: Play
USMC relies on semiautomatic shotguns.
Cowboy.
When space remains a concern, a Remington V3 TAC-13 can fit the bill. It is compact and
carries very little recoil. As a semiautomatic, it has a bit of a learning curve, and difficulty

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A TOOL IN A UNIQUE AND ABSTRACT WAY OR ENVIRONMENT. tion, Chiappa Little
Badger, Henry AR7,
WHEN, OR IF, SHTF, IT IS BEST TO PREPARE NOW.” KelTec SU16, and
Remington V3 TAC-
13 are all compact
compares to something like a Weatherby SA-459. But the easiest to use would be a pump firearms that can be
packed away while
action, like the Mossberg 500, or a single-shot. One benefit to a single-shot is the use of occupying very
inserts that allow pistol calibers to be used, like those produced by Chiappa. little space.
The challenging part of shotgun use is the subsequent recoil and limited effective distance.
Past 50 yards, it’s challenging to produce an accurate slug shot, and lightweight individuals
might be thrown by the recoil. Buckshot and birdshot will always be essential to a home
defense shotgun, and the versatility in both pre- and post-SHTF use is innumerable. S O U R C E
ALTERNATIVE ALTERNATIVES Century Arms Lee Armory Savage

What’s that you say? You don’t want to possess a firearm in the home? No problem! (800) 991-4867 (602) 715-2188 (800) 370-0708
CenturyArms.com LeeArmory.com SavageArms.com
Grab a crossbow! Sincerely, grab a crossbow. They are louder than you’d think, but they
can rightly be utilized for hunting and self-defense. Of all the options, crossbows are one Chiappa Firearms M+M Industries Sturm, Ruger and Co.
(937) 835-5000 (866) 926-5419 (336) 949-5200
of the slowest and hardest to effectively use. Strength is required to cock the string back, ChiappaFirearms.com MM-Industries.com Ruger.com
knowledge on arrow distances and force to properly aim, and storage are all possible
Franklin Armory MarColMar Firearms Thompson Center
drawbacks. As with every other option, practice is required for proficiency. (775) 783-4313 (765) 983-8200 (866) 730-1614
FranklinArmory.com MarColMarFirearms.com TCArms.com
CONCLUSION H&R Pardner Marlin Firearms Weatherby

Every item and tool should satisfy a singular and necessary need. It’s also necessary to (866) 776-9292 (800) 544-8892 (307) 675-7800
HR1871.com MarlinFirearms.com Weatherby.com
consider the possible use of a tool in a unique and abstract way or environment. When, or
if, SHTF, it is best to prepare now. While firearms aren’t the core focus of any preparation, Henry Repeating Arms Mossberg
(201) 858-4400 (800) 363-3555
they are unquestionably a significant one and many would declare them a requirement. HenryUSA.com Mossberg.com
When ownership of certain tools becomes difficult, source and use alternatives. Regret-
KelTec Weapons Remington Firearms
tably, the need to prepare in this manner is necessary based on shifts in attitudes and (321) 631-0068 (800) 243-9700
cultural environments and rapidly becoming a way of life. No matter which option you KelTecWeapons.com Remington.com
choose, it’s better than having no option when you need it.

IMPRESSIONS OF THE
WHITE RIVER FIRECRAFT
FC5 AND
M1 BACKPACKER PRO
BY JIM COBB

‹ Left: The M1 Backpacker Pro's blade
measures 3 inches, while the Firecraft FC5's
blade comes in at 5 inches.
OUT OF THE BOX

The Firecraft FC5 was designed to be a
survival knife that not only stands up to
real-world use but is actually useful in a
bad situation. This was evident from the
moment the knife hit my hand. The first
thing I noticed was the bow drill divot in
the handle. This is a great feature as having
a smooth socket makes the bow drill
fire-starting method easier. And it wasn’t
just that White River thought to include
this divot on the handle but that they de-
signed the sheath with a hole right where
the divot is located, allowing the sheath to
protect your fingers from the blade as you
crank on the bow drill.
I
That’s not the only fire-related feature,
was introduced to White River Knife › Right, top: The

leather sheath
and Tool at the 2019 SHOT Show. I for the Firecraft
knew them by reputation and I was FC5 has a loop
on the side to
rather curious about their product hold the included
line. I spent a little time at the booth ferrocerium rod.
The rod locks into
checking out a few of their knives but it with a shock cord
had to run sooner than I’d have liked so I lanyard.
wouldn’t miss an appointment.
What struck me right from the start was
how functional their knives are. Sure, they
are nice to look at, too. But, anyone can
make a flashy looking knife, decorated with
bits and baubles designed to catch the eye.
It takes skill, knowledge, and experience to
design and build a knife that functions as
good as it looks.
White River Knife and Tool is a family-
owned and -operated business located
in Fremont, Michigan. They offer a very
comprehensive warranty on their work,
which is a testament to their quality as
well as their focus on building relationships
with customers. They currently have a
couple dozen knife models, in addition to
custom offerings. Many of their knives have
a variety of color options available for the
handles, and a few offer a choice between
Kydex or leather sheaths, though there
may be an added charge for the latter. › Right, bottom:
A small shock
I recently received two of their knives cord secures the
for review. The Firecraft FC5 and the M1 ferrocerium rod
in the loop on the
Backpacker Pro. leather sheath.

‹ Left: Like all
products from White
River Knife and Tool,
the Firecraft FC5 and
the M1 Backpacker
Pro come with
comprehensive
warranties.
S O U R C E
White River Knife and Tool

(800) 353-7343
WhiteRiverKnives.com
› Near right: The

polished metal
bow drill divot
in the Firecraft
FC5’s handle is an
excellent touch.
either. Along the spine is a notch that is most of the ones I normally use, measuring 1.5 inches from edge to spine. That said, the ‹ Above: The
bow drill divot is
designed to be used in conjunction with the grind and edge geometry guarantee the blade to be a great slicer. End to end, the FC5 accessible through
ferrocerium rod that is included with the measures 10 inches and weighs in at 8 ounces. the leather sheath,
allowing you to hold
knife. While the spine is sharp enough to The sheath is thick, great quality leather. It is set up with a dangler, which can be re- the knife without
scrape sparks from the rod, this notch does moved if the user so chooses. The ferrocerium rod fits perfectly into the loop on the side the danger of cutting
yourself.
help things along. of the sheath. They’ve included a short elastic lanyard on the rod, which serves to secure
The handle is comfortably contoured, it in the loop. There’s also a leather lanyard on the bottom of the sheath.
with a deep finger choil that keeps the Where the FC5 is a full-fledged survival knife, the M1 Backpacker Pro is more of a utility
hand from sliding up onto the blade. The blade. It is 7 inches from end to end and weighs a mere 3.2 ounces. The Kydex sheath
handle scales are canvas Micarta, a com- has a removable belt clip and numerous attachment points, making it easy to strap it to
mon material used for knife handles and a pack strap or similar item. The belt clip also could be repositioned to allow the user to
one that is all but impervious to damage scout carry the knife, meaning the knife sits horizontally rather than vertically.
and abuse. The blaze orange liners behind I chose blaze orange scales and they make it really easy to find the knife after setting
the scales add a touch of color. it down in the grass. The texture on the scales is incredibly grippy. It isn’t obnoxious or
Just behind the ferrocerium rod notch is a uncomfortable, and somehow it feels as if the knife sort of bonds to the hand when you
bit of jimping. The blade is a bit wider than pick it up.

Firecraft FC5
Specifications
• Overall length: 10 inches
• Blade length: 5 inches
• Weight: 8 ounces
• Steel: CPM S35VN
• Handle: Canvas Micarta
• Includes ferro rod with Micarta handle
• Smooth bow drill divot in the handle
• Sheath: Kydex or leather
MSRP: $325 as shown
› The Firecraft FC5 can be had

with either a leather (shown) or
Kydex sheath.
“…WHITE RIVER THOUGHT TO INCLUDE THIS DIVOT ON THE

HANDLE [AND] THEY DESIGNED THE SHEATH WITH A HOLE RIGHT
WHERE THE DIVOT IS LOCATED, ALLOWING THE SHEATH TO
PROTECT YOUR FINGERS FROM THE BLADE AS YOU CRANK ON THE
BOW DRILL.”
As with the FC5, there is a deep finger to hold and use. There is a section of jimping along the spine, exactly where the thumb
choil. Interestingly, unlike many similarly naturally rests when holding the knife. ‹ Below: The deep
styled knives, the choil here has been choil on the Firecraft
FC5 makes it a very
smoothed out, with the edges rounded a TESTING comfortable knife
bit. This makes the knife very comfortable It is my practice to never sharpen a knife prior to testing. Instead, I test it as is, right out to use.

M1 Backpacker Pro
Specifications
• Overall length: 7 inches
• Blade length: 3 inches
• Weight: 3.2 ounces
• Steel: CPM S35VN
• Handle: G10
• Sheath: Kydex
MSRP: $125
‹ Left: The brilliant orange handle of the

M1 Backpacker Pro makes it easy to spot
instantly, no matter where you set it down.
of the box. The blade is not touched up in form this test, as phone books are getting scarce. The FC5 made it through from cover to
any way throughout the testing process. cover, though it took a little effort. By the end, I was rocking the knife back and forth a fair
This gives me a good idea of how well the amount to finish the cut. This isn’t a fail, far from it, as this is sort of like pushing a blade
blade holds the edge over time and usage. I through a thick piece of wood. Part of this test is to see how comfortable the handle is
also tend to refrain from the extreme abuse when performing a difficult cut. The ergonomics of the handle allowed me to put pressure
sorts of tests. I don’t really need to know exactly where it was needed without discomfort.
if my utility knife will pry apart bricks and From there, I pulled out an old thick fabric belt and began slicing off bits. I used long,
concrete.
I started with the FC5 and began by
slicing the corner of a telephone book. This
test shows me the slicing ability of the
blade as well as how well it will hold an
edge. I’ll admit it is getting tougher to per-
WHITE
RIVER
PACKAGING
Most knife collectors know that having the box and paper-
work for the knife increases the value. White River Knife
and Tool goes so far beyond the standard white cardboard
box, they are working on an entirely different level.
Their knives are packaged in carved wooden boxes, with
their name and logo burned into the lid. Each end of the
box bears a sticker, preventing the lid from just sliding off
in transit. In many ways, these boxes put one in mind of an
earlier time, when things were built to last and packaged
accordingly.
› This notch took about five seconds to create with the M1 Backpacker Pro.

‹ Far left: The
checkered
handle of the M1
Backpacker Pro
provides incredible
traction without
being obnoxious.
‹ Left: In just a
couple of minutes,
the M1 Backpacker
Pro turned a length
of paracord into
tiny bits.
dragging cuts across the belt, and there to some chopping while paying close attention to how the knife handled with some rough
was absolutely no hesitation from the treatment. The knife is very evenly balanced, with the tipping point being behind where
knife. Each cut was clean and precise. I the handle scales end and the blade begins. This being the case, the knife isn’t really
tilted the blade as I made the cuts so as to designed for heavy chopping, as you’d normally want more weight toward the blade. That
use as much of the edge as possible during said, using a three-finger grip toward the butt of the knife solved the issue. It didn’t take
this test. much work for the knife to get through the branch, and the edge wasn’t affected in the
Taking the FC5 outside, I grabbed a least little bit.
branch that had fallen from my black ‹ Below: Even in
wet conditions, the
walnut tree and hacked away at it. I Being that this knife is called the Firecraft and it comes with a ferrocerium rod, it seemed M1 Backpacker Pro
wanted to see how the edge would hold up logical to see how well it would spark. After a couple of passes with the blade notch to is easy to handle.
“ANYONE IN THE MARKET FOR A GOOD FIELD KNIFE WOULD DO WELL WITH
THE FIRECRAFT FC5. THE M1 BACKPACKER PRO MIGHT JUST BE ONE OF THE
BEST SMALLER KNIVES I’VE EVER USED AND IT HAS FOUND A PERMANENT
HOME IN MY WILDERNESS LOAD OUT.”

› Right: A pile
of mini peppers
posed no challenge
at all for the M1
Backpacker Pro.
› Below left: The

belt loop on the
M1 Backpacker
Pro’s Kydex sheath
can be swiveled
or completely scrape off the black coating on the ferro the kitchen and sliced up some peppers. The M1 is the perfect size for this sort of task, and
removed by rod, I started trying for some real sparks. I wasn’t surprised in the least in how well it handled. The checkered handle is just amaz-
adjusting a couple
of screws. It took absolutely zero effort to create ing. Even soaking wet, there was absolutely no problem at all maintaining a positive grip.
› Below right: The
showers of fat, bright sparks. The combina- Yet, no hot spots at all, either. Very impressive.
M1 Backpacker tion of the blade notch and a great quality Cutting cordage is another chore we typically use our blades to perform. I keep a hank of
Pro made very
short work out of
ferro rod is just perfect. Checking the notch paracord in my desk drawer to use for testing knives. In this case, I used slicing motions as
a cardboard box, afterward, there was no edge rolling at all. well as push cuts to see how the M1 would perform. Flawlessly is the first word to come to
and the blade was
still shaving sharp
I then broke out the M1 to see how it mind. No matter how small I tried to go with bits of the paracord, there were no issues at all.
afterward. would hold up. I started, as I often do, in I then pulled out an old cardboard shipping box to slice into bits. Cardboard is very abra-

sive and, as a result, is tough on knives. The
glues used in making corrugated cardboard
dry to rock hardness, and there are often
tiny bits of sand and other detritus hidden
inside. I used long, sweeping slices to make
thin strips out of the box, then used push
cuts to chop them up. The blade of the M1
went through the cardboard like a laser
beam.
While I was outside with the FC5, I
grabbed another black walnut branch and
carved a quick notch in it with the M1. Using
my thumbs to guide the blade, I pushed it
through the branch with ever-increasing
depth. It took just a few seconds to com-
plete the notch. And again, I just can’t get
over how comfortable this knife is to use.
No matter what I was cutting or how long
I was using it, the M1 was just a dream to
hold and use.
CONCLUSION
I was suitably impressed with both the
Firecraft FC5 and the M1 Backpacker Pro. I
found each of them to be incredibly com-
fortable to use, even for extended periods.
The ergonomics of the handles played a
large part in that, of course, but the overall ‹ While not designed “IT TOOK ABSOLUTELY ZERO EFFORT TO
with chopping in
knife designs are obviously well thought mind, the Firecraft CREATE SHOWERS OF FAT, BRIGHT SPARKS.
FC5 handled the
out. The knives are intended for real world chore well. THE COMBINATION OF THE BLADE NOTCH
use, not just for looks, despite their hand-
some appearances. AND A GREAT QUALITY FERRO ROD IS JUST
Subtle touches are evident throughout, PERFECT.”
too. For example, the FC5 sheath has a
loop for the included ferro rod, which is secures the rod, ensuring it doesn’t disappear while you’re on the trail. Little things like
pretty standard. But, White River adds a that are truly what sets White River apart from many other knife producers.
small shock cord to the ferro rod, which is Anyone in the market for a good field knife would do well with the Firecraft FC5. The M1
then looped around the rod after it is put Backpacker Pro might just be one of the best smaller knives I’ve ever used and it has found
in place on the sheath. The cord further a permanent home in my wilderness load-out.
‹ Far left: The Fire-
craft FC5 has a notch
designed for use with
the included ferro-
cerium rod. Such
a great idea, and it
improves the spark
output remarkably!
‹ Near left: The

ferrocerium rod is
of great quality, and
sparks flew when it
was scraped with the
Firecraft FC5.

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TWO U.S. STATES MOVE TOWARD ENERGY
INDEPENDENCE AND YOU CAN TOO
BY DANA BENNER
© GETTY IMAGES

W
hen most of us write about survival and survival situations, we tend
to focus on the belief that we will be on our own or in small groups.
We stress the need of having food, water, shelter and ways to make
power, but we tend to think small scale. What would it be like if we
could take what we know about survival and apply it on a larger
scale? Perhaps an entire neighborhood, town or even state? The best means of survival is
to prepare for it, to anticipate the worst and then be able to deal with it. This goes not only
for the individual but also for large communities and states. There are local governments
on city and state levels that are doing just that.
How good would it be to not lose power during an ice storm, hurricane or other natural
disaster because your home would have its own self-sustaining power source? How about
not having foreign politics dictate if we would have energy or not, or how much we would
pay for that energy, because you are no longer dependent upon it? How nice would it be to
not have to pay extremely high prices for energy because you didn’t have to (in fact, they
may even pay you for excess power)? This is all possible.
Anticipating potential problems and putting plans into action to mitigate the issues that
will arise will go a long way to assuring our survival. Our day and age is unlike anything
that past generations have ever faced. Today our problems are much more complicated
than just a possible nuclear attack. Our reliance on carbon-based fuels has put us all in
danger. Sea levels are rising, with places like Key West, Florida, and New Orleans, Louisiana,
being in very real danger of finding themselves underwater. We have forest fires caused
by drought in some areas of the country and intense flooding in others. Then there are
the earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and blizzards. The bottom line is that if we are to
survive, then something needs to be done, and I mean right now.
All states are doing something to this end, some more than others, but there are a few
making some serious progress toward the goal of becoming self-sufficient and bettering
the odds for their residents’ survival. Two that I’ll discuss are Hawaii and Vermont. Why?
“HAWAII RELIED UPON OIL FOR 67.3

PERCENT AND COAL FOR 15.1 PERCENT
OF ITS ELECTRICITY IN 2015. THAT MADE
IT ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE TO THE
VOLATILITY OF PRICES AND AVAILABILITY
OF THESE ENERGY SOURCES WHENEVER
THERE ARE GLOBAL SUPPLY ISSUES.”
‹ These solar panels over a parking area on Maui, Hawaii, serve two uses: to protect from the
sun and to generate electricity. Photo courtesy of David Schoonover

First, both states are at the forefront of › Local citizens tour
a solar installation
addressing the need to wean themselves on a Vermont farm.
off foreign oil and other carbon-based Photo courtesy
of Vermont
products. Second, these two states are very Department of
different when it comes to population, eco- Public Service
nomics, environment and climate. In this

article, my main focus is on electric power
production.
VERMONT
Vermont was one of the few states that
were green long before being green was
a social or political theme. Green living
has always been a way of life in Vermont.
Vermont has never been a place of big
cities or international airports, and that is
the way the people want it. Instead, small
towns and villages dot the countryside.
People make their living from the land, with
› Solar panels at
hunting, fishing, forestry, maple sugaring, a Vermont dairy
farming and tourism being big businesses. farm integrate new
technology and
The lives of Vermonters depend on the thinking within
health of the land. the established
culture. Photo
In 2011, Vermont Gov. Peter Shumlin courtesy of Vermont
saw the effects that energy and, more Department of
Public Service
important, the environmental impact
and dependency on foreign oil had on the
energy and economic security, and the
very lifestyle of Vermonters. To lessen the
impact, energy had to be a top priority. The
goal of supplying 90 percent of the state’s
total energy needs from renewable resourc-
es by 2050 was just a dream. As of 2016,
Vermont expanded its in-state renewable
energy sources program by more than 250
megawatts (MW). Over 100 MW of wind
generation was also added. According to
the Vermont Department of Public Service,
“…the greatest growth has been in solar…”,
with 95 MW being generated by private
homes, farms and businesses.
Besides the reduction in the depen-
dence on foreign energy, Vermont’s move
has been a boost to the economy. As of
2016, over 16,000 jobs in the clean energy
sector were created. That is not counting
businesses in supporting roles, to include › These newly
constructed
construction, as people build new homes duplexes in
with energy conservation in mind or retrofit Vermont come
complete with solar
existing homes. panels. Reducing
Due to these efforts, the electricity rates in the number of
external walls by
Vermont, as of 2016, had increased only 3.7 one and generating
percent since 2011. By comparison, the New some of their own
electricity reduces
England average rose 12.3 percent and the their dependence
U.S. average increased 5.6 percent over the on the traditional
energy grid. Photo
same period. The state’s Comprehensive courtesy of Vermont
Energy Plan (CEP) of 2016 emphasizes the Department of
Public Service

“THE BEST MEANS
OF SURVIVAL IS TO
PREPARE FOR IT,
TO ANTICIPATE THE
WORST AND THEN
BE ABLE TO DEAL
WITH IT. THIS GOES
NOT ONLY FOR THE
INDIVIDUAL BUT
ALSO FOR LARGE
COMMUNITIES AND
STATES.”
importance of efficiency and conservation. › A common sight they didn’t make the changes, Vermonters stepped up to the plate.
in Vermont, where
To make nontraditional power options the lifestyle is close Vermont’s approach is multipronged. It is not enough to change the source of the power.
work, no matter what they are, takes to the land and the Consumption needs to be addressed as well. Vermont’s plan emphasizes the importance
interdependency
changing the infrastructure. The Vermont between humans of efficiency and conservation. By 2020, the state’s goal is to have 80,000 of the existing
CEP recognized this aspect by pointing out and their homes fully weatherized and 30 percent of all homes getting their heat by renewable
environment is
that, “When compared to legacy infrastruc- readily apparent. sources by 2025. By 2030, due to advanced technology, the plan is to have all new con-
ture, clean energy infrastructure tend to- struction being net-zero outside energy consumption. Vermont is willing to invest the time
wards options that reduce operating costs, and the resources to secure the most up-to-date and reliable technology to see that these
but cost more to construct or purchase up goals are met. The money spent now will pay off in years to come by reducing the chances
front.” When faced with the alternative if of large power outages.
‹ Far left: This

Hawaii Energy office
exhibit demonstrates
a data visualization
platform to local
citizens in hopes
they will become
more interested in
adding solar panels
to their homes.
Photo courtesy of
Hawaii State Energy
Office
‹ Near left: Citizens

gathered at a
meeting regarding
the importance
of making the big
step of going green.
Photo courtesy
of the Vermont
Department of
Public Service

“ANTICIPATING POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
HOW THE AND PUTTING PLANS INTO ACTION TO
MITIGATE THE ISSUES THAT WILL ARISE
SITUATION HAS WILL GO A LONG WAY TO ASSURING OUR
CHANGED ME SURVIVAL.”
While I have always considered myself environmentally

conscious, the grave situation we find ourselves in has
made me re-examine my energy usage and sources. I have
been heating my home with a pellet stove for many years
and I have changed the lightbulbs in my house to LEDs, but
there was more that I could do. What follows are some of
the changes I have made.
COOK OUTDOORS
Instead of using the stove or oven inside, I find myself us-
ing my propane stoves and grills, as well as my pellet-fired
smoker/grill more and more. During the warmer months,
this keeps the house cooler, requiring less energy to offset
the extra heat.
SEGAMI YTTEG ©
USE RECHARGEABLE POWER TOOLS

As my gas-powered tools finally give up the ghost and
need to be replaced, I’ve started opting for rechargeable
‹ Prospective customers in Hawaii inspect several electric car models. This technology has ad-
battery-operated models. Battery power has come a long vanced significantly in the last decade. Almost 200,000 electric cars were sold in the U.S. in 2017.
way and it is worth considering. Today’s batteries charge Photo courtesy of Hawaii State Energy Office
faster, weigh less and last longer than they did even a
Ever-present tourists, combined with the large military presence, has exacerbated
decade ago. You can often find multiple tools that run with
problems that come with island life, such as generating electricity. In information provided
interchangeable batteries, making battery management
by the Hawaii State Energy Office, Hawaii is more dependent on petroleum for its energy
much simpler. In addition, battery-powered tools don’t
needs than any other state. Hawaii relied upon oil for 67.3 percent and coal for 15.1 percent
require oil and gas or create the messes and hazards that
of its electricity in 2015. That made it especially vulnerable to the volatility of prices and
they can, and they need less maintenance.
availability of these energy sources whenever there are global supply issues.
Economically, this drains billions of dollars annually from the state for imported fuel. One
CHARGING ELECTRONICS USING PORTABLE
has to remember that being a series of islands, Hawaii has had to import virtually every-
SOLAR PANELS
thing it needs. Data show that Hawaii’s electricity prices are more than double the U.S.
The same solar panels that I use during emergencies are
average and that all prices follow closely with the price of petroleum. Even when the price
used on a regular basis to charge my electronics such as cell
of crude is low, Hawaiians still pay more, due to the cost associated with importation.
phones and laptops.
Starting in 2014, a plan was worked out and set into motion to have Hawaii’s energy needs
met 100 percent by self-reliant means by 2045, and they are well on their way. Taking the
UNPLUG THINGS THAT ARE NOT BEING USED
economy, culture and environment into concern, Hawaii realizes that it will require bold
Things such as televisions, stereos, computers, printers,
commitments and hard work by all concerned to get it done.
microwave ovens, toasters and coffeemakers all consume
The Hawaii state government passed HRS 269-96, which mandated a 4,300-giga-
electricity even when not being used. By unplugging them
watt-hour reduction in electricity use by 2030. In 2015, Hawaii surpassed its yearly goal
between uses, you will reduce your electricity consumption
through conservation measures and energy performance contracts. In conjunction, HRS
and your electricity bill.
269-92 mandated 100 percent renewable energy production of electricity by 2045. In 2017
the state was at 27.6 percent, well ahead of the goal of 15 percent.
This reduction was a result of commercial and residential power users working together
and getting onboard with the plan. Solar panels are being installed partially to meet
HAWAII the goal of being self-sufficient and partially to reach the goal of saving money. Most
Hawaii is one of the most beautiful residential solar and wind sources store power in batteries, with the excess being put back
places on Earth. Blue-green waters, tropical into the grid. In return, the power customers are either given credits or actual dollars in
breezes and plenty of sunshine. There is no their pocket. Data show that in 2011 the state average for electrical power use was 584
question why it is a top tourist destination; kilowatt hour (kWh). In 2017, the number dropped to 482 kWh, all because of alternative
and that is part of its problem. power usage.

Puna Geothermal Venture began producing ‹ Far left: Wind
turbines dot the
25 MW of power. By 2011 they produced 38 landscape on Maui,
MW. In 2017 PGV produced 322.6 gigawatts Hawaii. These and
other steps are
per hour, which is enough to power 55,545 making the islands
average Hawaiian homes per year. Sadly, more self-sufficient.
Photo courtesy of
PGV Poho’iki plant was shut down in 2018 David Schoonover
due to the volcano eruptions, but work has
begun to get it back online.
CONCLUSION
Survival is a mindset. Either you will, or
you won’t, and the outcome is mostly de-
pendent on the decisions you make, often
well before the challenge arises. Either
prepare now so you can do what’s needed
later, or you suffer the consequences. The
issues we face today are unlike anything
humankind has faced in recorded history. It
is much more complicated than a few nut
cases with their finger on the nuclear but-
ton, though that is still a real threat as well.
Now is the time for you and those around
you to decide whether you will reduce ‹ Far left: Events
your dependence on a vulnerable grid you like this one,
promoting electric
have no control over or if you will begin buses in Hawaii,
the process of declaring your own energy help reinforce
the importance
independence. Thankfully, there are some of adding this
good examples, like Hawaii and Vermont, energy source to
the state’s grid and
that can help motivate you and provide the successes they
some insights into the actions that need to have achieved so far.
Photo courtesy of
be taken. Hawaii State Energy
Office
› Left: Installing
Besides the obvious sources of alternative home solar panels
power (wind and solar), Hawaii is tapping is a near-term
expense for a long-
into a host of other energy sources. Some term gain of energy
of these sources include biogas, geother- self-sufficiency for
residents in states
mal, biomass and hydrogen produced such as Vermont.
from renewable energy sources. Since
Hawaii has to import most of its energy
and other products, that also means they
have to export most of the waste the state
generates. When you think about not only
the residents but also the military and the
tourists, that is a great deal of waste. Most
S O U R C E S
of that waste can be turned into bio-energy
for fuel production, to power vehicles, and Camp Chef
electricity generation, which is just what (800) 650-2433
CampChef.com
Hawaii is doing. By using this biomass,
Hawaii State Energy
Hawaii is cutting its use of petroleum Office
products by leaps and bounds and lowering Energy.Hawaii.gov
their vulnerability to service outages and Lodge Cast Iron
fluctuations in the price and availability of (833) 563-4387
LodgeMfg.com
energy supplies.
Hawaii is a land of volcanos, so why not Vermont Department of
Public Service
harness that power? Well, Hawaii was well PublicService.Vermont.gov
ahead of the curve in this game. In 1993,

PLAY NG
WITH
ASSEMBLE THE
TOOLS, LEARN
THE RULES AND
FIRE
WIN THE GAME
BY JIM COBB

T
here is something primal, almost magical, when it comes to being able to
make fire. We sometimes take it for granted that all we need to do is flick
our lighter and we’re on our way to roasting marshmallows. It wasn’t always
that way. There was a time, not all that long ago, that making fire took a fair
amount of effort, though a far greater percentage of people were experi-
enced with it as compared to today.
Fire can be critical to survival. It will boil water to disinfect it for drinking so you don’t get
dehydrated. It can keep you warm and dry you out if you get wet, reducing the risk of hypo-
thermia. There is a psychological component at work with firemaking, too. In a true survival
situation, you may feel as though everything is spiraling out of hand. Being able to build a
crackling fire can give you a sense of control and help calm you down. Let’s face it, sitting in
front of a campfire can be tremendously relaxing.
Over countless centuries, mankind has developed several of what we might call primitive
methods for making fire, including things like a bow drill or a fire plough. As a general rule,
these rely upon friction to generate a small coal or ember. This is added to some type of
tinder and gently coaxed into flame. These techniques are definitely worth learning, no
question about it. However, there are other ways to skin the proverbial cat. Assembling and
carrying a small fire kit can make your life infinitely easier in the field.
THE FIRE TRIANGLE

Think of fire as a living thing. It requires three things to survive: heat, fuel and oxygen.
Without any one of those things, it will die. If the fire doesn’t get enough air, it will be
smothered. No heat from a spark or other type of fire starter, it’ll never flare up. No fuel and
there’s nothing to burn.
Keep the Fire Triangle in mind as you build your fire kit so as to ensure you have what
you’ll need should making a fire be absolutely crucial to survival.
OXYGEN
No, nobody is suggesting you keep a small canister of oxygen in your kit. Not only would
this be bulky and awkward but it might prove to be dangerous. But, making sure your fire is
able to breathe, so to speak, is important.
Many people, when trying to get a fire to build up, will fan the flames with their hands
or maybe a hat. The idea is to increase air flow. However, this might not work because the
air needs to get to the coals of the fire, where the fuel is actually burning, not the flames
up top. In fact, if you’re not careful, you could end up blowing the fire out by fanning it too
vigorously.
A better solution is to carry a tube that will allow you to direct air exactly where it is
needed most. Survival Resources sells a Fire Blowing-Tube that consists of an extendable
hollow rod with a rubber tube attached. You extend the rod and point it where the air
needs to go, then blow through the tube. This keeps your face away from the flames. This is
basically the same concept as using an old, broken radio antenna, but with the addition of
the rubber tubing.
Keep in mind, too, that when building your fire you need to allow for adequate air flow.
One of the most common mistakes people make is smothering their fire by adding too
much fuel too quickly. You need to let it breathe.
FIRE STARTERS
This is where the heat comes into play. There are several forms this can take and various
tools from which to choose. Perhaps the most common, and certainly the most recom-
mended, is the simple disposable lighter. This is instant flame at your fingertips. It has
drawbacks, of course. If the lighter gets wet, it won’t spark. Its fuel reserve isn’t infinite and
will run out at some point. It is also sensitive to cold and may not light. This last problem
can largely be mitigated by keeping the lighter in a pocket close to your body, such as a
pants pocket. Alternatively, if you hold the lighter in a bare fist for several seconds, it may
warm up enough to light.

‹ Left: Providing a
small fire with oxygen
will help it grow
bigger. To survive, fire
needs oxygen at the
base of the flame, not
on top.
› Near right: Scraping

a ferrocerium rod
generates a shower
of sparks that will
hopefully get the
tinder burning.
‹ Above: A plasma
Refillable lighters can be just as reliable very small, perhaps 0.375 inch long. This doesn’t allow for much room to light tinder. Of lighter, like this
TekFire from UST, is
as the disposable models, though they do course, the lighter is also subject to running out of power. a recent innovation
suffer some of the same shortcomings. There are various spark-based lighters available as well. Most of them are either based and uses electricity
to light the tinder.
That said, models such as the titanLIGHT on or inspired by the original One-Handed Spark-Lite Fire Starter invented and developed Photo by Jim Cobb
from Exotac can be lit and left standing, by Oak Duke Norton, Jr. in the early 1980s. These work very similarly to a disposable lighter
serving as something akin to a candle, in that there is a small thumb wheel that generates sparks from a piece of flint. However,
which is difficult if not impossible to do there is no gas source, so no flame. The idea is to just use the sparks to light your tinder.
with disposable lighters. That particular These products have an advantage in that they aren’t affected by temperature, though
lighter also doesn’t leak, unlike many of its dampness may still cause failure.
counterparts. Strike-anywhere matches are another option for the fire kit. There are several variet-
A relatively new type of product on the ies available. Even if they are rated as waterproof, it is recommended to store them in a
market is a plasma lighter. These are sealed container, just in case. The nice thing about storm matches and the like is that they
rechargeable through a micro-USB port. generally light easily. However, matches are a very finite resource as each one can be lit only
When activated, a small arc of electricity is once. And most people aren’t skilled enough to guarantee just one match per fire.
emitted, which can be used to light tinder. Next on the list is the ferrocerium rod. This is a favorite among many survivalists and
However, be aware that this arc is generally preppers. The concept is simple. A metal rod, often with some sort of handle attached, is

› Near right: Matches
are good firemaking
tools, but consider
them a secondary
option rather than
primary.
scraped with another piece of metal. This causes small shavings to come off and be ignited along in your kit, just in case. If the condi- ‹ Above: A carbide
by the friction of the scraper. The result is a shower of sparks that rains down on the tinder. tions are wet or otherwise foul, it might be sharpener is one of
the best scrapers
Ferro rods are not affected by temperature in the least. difficult to source dry, easy-to-light tinder around and will
There is a small learning curve involved with using a ferro rod effectively. Hold the tip of in the wild. guarantee a huge
number of sparks
the ferro rod just above your tinder. Grip your scraper and hold it tight against the rod at the One of the best types of tinder is virtually from a ferro rod.
end closest to you. Quickly pull the rod toward you while keeping pressure on the scraper. free and works amazingly well. Toss a hand- Photo by Jim Cobb
Sparks should fly from the rod downward toward your tinder. The alternate method is to ful of cotton balls or dryer lint into a small
reverse the motion and hold the rod steady while pushing the scraper down. However, the plastic bag, then add a dollop of petro-
scraper may hit the tinder and scatter it before it can be ignited by the sparks. leum jelly. Close the bag and massage the
One more option for generating the heat necessary to ignite the tinder is a Fresnel lens. contents together, working the jelly into the
When we were kids, many of us used magnifying glasses to burn holes in leaves and such. cotton fibers. To use, take out a cotton ball
This is the exact same concept. However, a Fresnel lens is flexible plastic rather than rigid or small pinch of lint and light it up with
glass. Keeping a small one in your wallet or kit is not a bad idea. The downside is that this flame or spark. ‹ Below: Ferrocerium
rods are excellent
tool isn’t going to work very well in the late hours of the night. Another homemade option is to melt wax, tools for firemaking,
such as old crayons or candles, and dip cot- and many
survivalists own
FUEL ton makeup remover pads into it. Lay them numerous models.
While there are many natural sources of tinder, it is always a good idea to bring some out on aluminum foil or wax paper to cool. Photo by Jim Cobb

‹ Far left: The
titanLIGHT from
Exotac can be stood
upright and lit,
serving as a candle
or a stationary flame.
Photo by Jim Cobb
‹ Left: Tie a string

to a petroleum
jelly-infused cotton
ball and stuff it into
the container. Pile
on the rest of them.
When needed, pull
the string and the
top one will pop out.
Photo by Jim Cobb
Crack one in half to expose the cotton and › Below, right: Flint, Oak Duke Norton, Jr. who came up with the Spark-Lite, there are other products that
steel, char cloth
light it with your favorite method. The wax and birch bark: all are similar in style and use. Truth be told, though, the original does work the best. They
serves to not only waterproof the cotton the traditional tools all consist of a small cotton bundle that is impregnated with chemicals to make it water-
needed to start a
but extend the burn time once lit. roaring fire. Photo proof. They need to be pulled apart and fluffed up before being lit in order to burn well.
There are several options for store-bought by Jim Cobb They are small enough to fit just about anywhere in the kit, too.
products as well. Solkoa Fastfire consists of
› Bottom: Fresnel
a white cube that can be lit with any sort of lenses are available
flame or spark. It burns at a sustained 1,300 small enough to
keep in your wallet.
degrees (F) and is very wind-resistant. Use one to focus the
One cube will burn for approximately 10 sun’s energy to light
your tinder. Photo
minutes. They come individually wrapped in by Jim Cobb
foil and will light even when wet.
Insta-Fire is a granular substance that
lights very easily and burns hot. It comes in
a pouch, and you can pour out as little or as
much as you need. Depending on circum-
stances, one pouch can light up to four
separate fires. It will light when wet, which
can be handy.
While there is only one official Tin-
der-Quick Fire Tab, invented by the same
CONSERVING
RESOURCES
When you’re out in the field, make it a habit to scavenge
some natural tinder when you see it, such as birch bark or
plant fluff. Keep a zip-closure plastic bag in your kit for this
express purpose. When it comes time to build a fire, use
these scrounged materials first and reserve your packed
tinder for when you’re not able to find anything else to use.
The idea here is to conserve your resources so you still have
at least some of your necessities with you, should the need
arise and you can’t find a natural source. Plus, this is a
great way to remind you to pay attention to your environ-
ment and increase your overall situational awareness.

AEROPRECISIONUSA.COM
‹ Zombie Tinder
is another store-
bought product
that works
very well. They
offer multiple
options to suit
the environment
you’re in. Photo by
Jim Cobb
‹ Below, right: Toss

your fire gear into
a waterproof case
for safekeeping,
“THINK OF FIRE AS A LIVING THING. IT REQUIRES THREE THINGS TO but keep another
lighter and perhaps
SURVIVE: HEAT, FUEL AND OXYGEN. WITHOUT ANY ONE OF THOSE a ferro rod in your
pocket, too. Photo
THINGS, IT WILL DIE.” by Jim Cobb
› Right: Two different

lighters, separated
by at least a few
generations. Both
work very well
when properly
maintained. Photo
by Jim Cobb
ASSEMBLING THE KIT always in my pocket when I hit the trail,

S O U R C E S
Any time you venture into the field, you should carry some fire making gear with you, just along with a ferro rod and some tinder. A
in case. If you’re just going on a short jaunt, one where you might not even take a pack, you Fresnel lens rides in the wallet, too, as a
Exotac
should still keep a disposable lighter and a few Fire Tabs in your pocket. Many survivalists backup. (888) 568-9347
keep a ferro rod right on their keychain, so they have one with them every time they leave We sometimes think of survival needs Exotac.com
the house. in tiers or levels. Shelter or protection Solkoa Survival Systems

(719) 634-1687 x 2
For a more robust load-out, one where you might be gone for a while, consider putting from the elements is a top-tier need, food SolkoaSurvival.com
together an actual fire kit. There are any number of waterproof containers that can be and water come in at close seconds. Fire Stanford Outdoor Supply
purchased, depending on how large a kit you want to carry. As with bug-out bags and other is a tool that fits into both levels. When StanfordOutdoorSupply.com
such assemblages of gear, what I recommend is putting together the equipment you want the weather is harsh, fire is a welcome Survival Resources
(845) 471-2434
to carry first, then find a container that will carry it. Choosing the container first almost addition to camp as it will warm you up, SurvivalResources.com
always leads to selecting one that is larger than necessary. helping to forestall hypothermia. It can
UST Brands
What I recommend is picking up a few different types of fire starters as well as tinder also boil water that is sourced in the wild, (904) 786-0033
and experimenting with them in the backyard. See what combinations seem to work best such as a stream or pond, making it safe to USTBrands.com
for you. When we have fires in our yard, such as when we’re burning brush or we just want drink. On top of all of that, it can provide Raeth. Co. Supply (Zombie
Tinder)
to roast some marshmallows and hot dogs, a ferro rod is almost always the fire starter the mental boost you need to make it RaethCo.com
of choice. The kids love to see those sparks come shooting off. That said, a titanLIGHT is through.

PORCUPINES
COULD BE
THE PERFECT
SURVIVAL
PROTEIN RATION
BY DANA BENNER
© GETTY IMAGES

I
have been feeding my family for many years on what I can harvest from the wild,
whether it is plant or animal. With that said, while we will eat just about anything, I
do have to admit that the porcupine is not at the top of my list of animals I pursue.
After coming clean on that issue, if we were out of food, or if this was an emergency
survival situation, I would have no problem harvesting a porcupine or two.
In an emergency situation, the pursuit of food is often based on risk and reward, on
whether the energy expended is equal to or less than the amount of energy gained. In the
case of the porcupine, it is worth the effort. Anyone can take advantage of porcupines, as
they are slow, have poor vision offset by very good hearing, and can be dispatched quickly
with a stick. Their famous quills are 3 to 12 inches in length but they cannot be launched at
attackers. In other words it is the ultimate survival meat source.
The porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is the second-largest rodent found in North America,
weighing 20 to 30 pounds and measuring 24 to 36 inches in overall length. Only the beaver
is larger. While rodents are constantly being hunted (squirrels, woodchucks) or trapped
(beaver and muskrat), many people don’t hunt porcupines, unless they are doing damage
to their property and, honestly, very few of those people who harvest porcupines don’t
treat them as a food source. Porcupines are slow, easy to kill and loaded with fat, a much
needed element in a survival situation, especially in the winter. That is why I consider it the
perfect survival meat source.
Porcupines are mainly found throughout the mountains and forested areas of North
America, areas where they can satisfy their herbivore tastes, namely twigs, leaves and
bark. Based on their diet, their territory is limited to the mountainous and forested areas,
leaving out the South and much of the Midwest but they can be found as far south as
Mexico. In areas where the porcupine is found, it is fed upon by many animals, but it seems
that the only predator that actively feeds on the porcupine is the fisher. The spines of the
porcupine, which are actually long, stiff, barbed guard hairs, are a capable deterrent to all
but the hungriest predators. The fisher, which is a fairly large member of the weasel family,
seems to be undeterred by the porcupine’s only defense: its spines.
“ANYONE CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF

PORCUPINES, AS THEY ARE SLOW, HAVE
POOR VISION OFFSET BY VERY GOOD
HEARING, AND CAN BE DISPATCHED
QUICKLY WITH A STICK.”
‹ While this was not a large porcupine, I shot it because it was doing damage at a nearby home.

“PORCUPINES ARE
MAINLY FOUND
THROUGHOUT
THE MOUNTAINS
AND FORESTED
AREAS OF NORTH
AMERICA, AREAS
WHERE THEY CAN
SATISFY THEIR
HERBIVORE TASTES,
NAMELY TWIGS,
LEAVES AND BARK.” SEGAMI YTTEG ©
HUMAN FOOD SOURCE › The porcupine especially during the winter. A high-fat
is an easy-to-hunt
In our not so distant past, hunting was not like it is today. While in today’s world, where a source of protein diet, particularly for those living an active
vast majority of hunters pursue game as a sport, hunters of the past, and a few of us today, and fat, both of lifestyle in a cold climate, is vital for survival.
which are highly
put food on the table by hunting. Sport hunters spend millions of dollars every year to pur- valuable to those Another reason for the increase in porcupine
sue large game (deer, elk, moose and bear). The meat hunter will take whatever presents who depend on harvesting is very simple: they are easy to
small game to make
itself and is legal to harvest. This means small game, which is the category the porcupine it through the colder hunt and during the winter, every meal is a
falls into, is the game that the survivalist will harvest. months. valuable one.
You would think that porcupines were a common feature on the menus of Native Amer- For people, as well as animals, winter is
icans and early settlers but, surprisingly, they were not any more popular than any other the toughest time of the year. Just trying to
game. With that said, there is evidence that there is a direct correlation between porcupine stay warm forces you to burn calories at a
hunting and the time of the year. It seems that winter was the time of year when these more rapid rate. To sustain this calorie burn,
animals were actively pursued. your body needs to be fed regularly. The
Why, you may ask? There are a few reasons for this. First, during the warmer times of only problem is that game is scarce during
the year plenty of other game is available. While porcupines were taken, so were rabbits, this time of the year and anyone who has
deer, turkeys and a host of others. The second reason is that the colder times of the year ever hunted during the winter, in deep snow,
are when porcupines are the largest and have the most fat. Fat was a prized commodity, knows how taxing it is to pursue the game
that is there. The slow moving porcupine
offers the ability to feed you and your family,
PREPARING while expending the least amount of energy

in the process.
PORCUPINE
In the modern world the only people who
actively pursue porcupines are those land-
owners where a large porcupine population
has become an issue. This is especially true
Preparing a porcupine for the table is not rocket science. Like with every-
in areas where fishers have been reduced in
thing else, there are thousands of recipes out there, so I will not bore you
numbers. Fishers feed on porcupines and in
with mine. Just remember that porcupines can be prepared in the same
areas where there are no natural predators,
manner you would prepare squirrels or rabbits. My favorite way is in a stew,
the porcupine populations will increase.
but they also can be fried or baked.
Like all rodents, porcupines need to con-
The real trick is dealing with the quills. Remember that the quills are just
stantly chew on things to keep their teeth
guard hairs and as long as you don’t rub your hand against the grain, you
in check. Anything is fair game, including
won’t get stuck. As an added precaution, unless you intend to save the
wooden handles on tools, sheds, houses and
quills, many people like to singe the hair before cleaning. It is your choice.
even wooden lawn furniture. It is because
of the potential damage that these animals

‹ Left, top: My
choice for ammu-
can do to property that many states have no
nition for hunting closed season on porcupines. Despite this,
porcupines is
.22LR, which I use
porcupines are not on the top of most hunt-
in my rifle and ers’ lists, and of the ones that are harvested,
pistol.
not many are consumed. As I never kill
something that I don’t intend to eat, unless
I have to, for me this is a terrible waste of a
resource.
HUNTING PORCUPINE
Like my ancestors, I am an opportunistic
hunter, so I will usually harvest a porcupine
if the opportunity presents itself. Most of my
hunting takes place in the fall and winter.
The only time I hunt in the warmer months
is for early season turkey and when someone
tells me that they are having issues with
problem porcupines. Come to find out, after
‹ Left, middle: The asking other hunters, this is often the case.
author zeros in
before taking the
My favorite firearm for hunting porcupine
shot on a porcupine is a .22LR rifle, but in some cases carrying
on the ground.
another rifle is not an option. If I am hunting
squirrel or rabbit, this is not an issue as this
is my firearm of choice for these animals, but
if I am hunting large game or birds, lugging
another long arm is not a practical option for
me. In those times I will carry a .22LR hand-
gun. If you are living this lifestyle, then you
need to learn how to adapt in order to take
advantage of every opportunity; you may not
get a second chance.
When hunting birds, my firearm of choice is
‹ Below, right: If
you find fresh wood my 12-gauge shotgun and when hunting large
chips and droppings game I normally carry a .30-30 rifle. Neither is
in the same place,
there is a good one I really want to use on a porcupine. This
chance that if you is where the sidearm comes into play, and
look up you will find
a porcupine. it doesn’t matter whether it is a semi-auto-
› Near right: This

porcupine was
found while spring
turkey hunting. It
was doing no harm,
it was small and I
was not hungry, so
I left it for a future
hunt.

› Far right, top: This matic or a revolver. The end results will be
large porcupine was
spotted while hiking the same. That decision is up to the person
in the mountains of using it. Use whatever you feel the most
Colorado.
comfortable with.
While hunting, I move slow and stop often,
looking and listening. I look on the ground
and in the branches of the surrounding
trees. I also don’t solely rely upon my eyes.
My ears are just as valuable, perhaps even
more so. Why? Because no animal is totally
undetectable. They all make a sound or give
themselves away in some form or another.
When hunting rabbits and hares, I use my
eyes and look for their eyes. When hunting
porcupines I use my ears. I listen for the
animal’s constant chewing. It is a distinct
› Far right, middle:
This is a very close sound and once you hear it you’ll be able to
photo of a porcupine pick it out.
sheltering in its den.
Another way to find porcupines is to look
for where they have been and where they
are denning. Here in New Hampshire, por-
cupines seem to prefer spruce and hemlock
forests. For this reason when I come to a
stand of these trees, I pay close attention. I
look for trees whose bark has been chewed.
› Below left: Upon
The chewing of the porcupines will leave
closer examination it little piles of wood chips on the ground,
was confirmed that
this was a porcupine
which are easily seen in the snow. I also
den. This would be a look for droppings. Porcupine droppings are
place I would search
if the need was to
about the size of jelly beans and are shaped
arise. like beans. These piles of droppings will
be found at the base of a tree. If you find

fresh wood chips and droppings in the same
place, there is a good chance that if you
look up you will find a porcupine.
If you have found all of the signs but still
have not found the animal making them,
what do you do? What I do is look for where
the porcupine is holing up. New Hampshire,
like most of northern New England, has no
shortage of stone walls, remnants of early
settlements. The gaps between the old
walls make perfect dens for porcupines.
While that is all well and good, with hun-
dreds, if not thousands of miles of stone
walls crisscrossing the area, where do you
begin your search?
Porcupines, like any other animal, will not
travel too far from their food source. That
‹ Left: This missing bark from this tree is a

prime example of the damage that a porcupine
can do. Since porcupines don’t range far from
their food sources, it is also an indicator that
porcupines are in the area. Whether you’re
hunting at the time or not, this is information
you need to keep in the back of your mind.

USE THE
QUILLS
Many Native American peoples used porcupine quills
in decorative work. Good quillwork is highly prized and
a unique skill. The quills were used to adorn clothing
and even worked into baskets. The more elaborate
the quillwork, the higher the status of the maker and
owner. Being a form of hair, quills are hollow so they
will absorb dyes, just as human hair does. Using natural
dyes, Native Americans could produce quills of just
about any color desired.
eat salmon and trout, people who spend all ‹ Left: Porcupines
are not a sought-
of their time hunting for deer need to take after treat, unless
advantage of porcupines and other small survival is the name
of the game.
game — squirrels, chipmunks and even mice
have kept people alive in serious situations.
© GETTY IMAGES
In a survival situation, you can’t be picky.
means searching the area where their food is. It makes no sense in searching sections of Survival means changing your mindset and
walls that run through open fields and meadows, as that is not where porcupines will be taking advantage of every opportunity that
found. may present itself.
What I am looking for are droppings. Porcupines are extremely clean animals. They do not Will you take a porcupine every time you go
defecate in their homes. They are constantly pushing trash outside. When I find these piles out? Of course not. Should you devote your
of refuse, then I have found the den. Unless I actually need to, I never take any animal in its time solely to harvesting porcupine? Again,
den. What I do is record the info that I find and store it for later use. Chances are I will catch of course not, and in fact, you are a fool if
the porcupine in the trees sooner or later. you do. Should you be prepared to harvest
these animals if you happen to find one?
CONCLUSION Absolutely. The goal in any survival situation
When it comes to survival, all bets are off. You need to do whatever you have to in order is to stay alive. Part of that process is to
to keep you and your family alive. Sometimes that means eating things that have fallen off secure food, whether it was what you were
our spectrum in the modern world of grocery stores. And that includes porcupines. Just like looking for or not. Harvesting porcupines is
some people who throw back fish species such as eels and pickerel because they prefer to just one of many ways to do that.
‹ Far left: The

author’s friend Stan
is scouting the trees
for porcupines that
have been causing
damage on nearby
property.
‹ Near left: What

looks like stones is
actually porcupine
scat. This is evidence
of porcupines taking
up residence under a
shed. This is a great
place to start looking
for them.

COLD
WEATHER
CLOTHING
COLLECTION
STAY WARM WHEN WINTER
WINDS BLOW
BY MICHAEL D’ANGONA
H
ypothermia is no joke. Nor mountains or caught in an unexpected
is frostbite, lost digits or blizzard, the results will be all be the
the literal freezing of your same; certain death if not shielded from
blood. the extreme cold and icy winds.
But as grotesque as these Ready to battle Mother Nature’s cold
conditions may sound, they are very heart is a wide variety of clothing and
real possibilities when the unprotected accessories specifically designed to stand
human body is faced with frigid, sub-zero up to harsh winter weather and keep you
temperatures. warm. With this protection, you’ll have
No matter if one is experiencing a normal a fighting chance when Jack Frost does
winter, hiking high up in the snow-capped much more than just nip at your nose.

Snugpak MML-9 Smock
Overview Specifications
Whether you are a hard-core out- • Waterproof, windproof and highly
doorsman or someone living in the breathable
harsh snowbound north, you’ll be glad • Quarter-length water-resistant
you have the MML-9 Smock ready to YKK zipper
protect you from the deadly ele- • Large chest map pocket with
ments. This garment offers thermal D-rings
protection against wind, snow and • Available in olive or MultiCam
cold while not bogging you down with
MSRP
extra weight or bulk. Extremely light-
Starting at $369
weight and durable, making it perfect
for when weight and space need to be URL
conserved. ProforceEquipment.com
Snugpak Torrent Waterproof Jacket

Mother Nature will have a tough • Paratex Dry 700x160D 228D nylon
time taking this jacket down with its shell
totally waterproof exterior and warm • Paratex Light, 68D 210T, nylon
insulation inside. The Torrent fea- lining
tures a detachable insulated hood • Softie polyester insulation
with dual adjusters on the side and • Available in electric blue, forest
rear, deep hand pockets and hidden green or black
chest pocket for storage. Thermal
MSRP
linings keep your hands toasty in the
$199
frigid conditions, while underarm
ventilation allows you to vent and URL
regulate your temperature during ProforceEquipment.com
warmer spells.
Snugpak SJ-6 Softie Jacket

When the cool weather hits, you’ll • Unisex design offers comfort and
be glad you have an SJ-6 Jacket in style
your closet. This garment features • Water-resistant main zip for
everything you need to battle greater insulation and dryness
an unexpected shower, sudden • Convenient, roll-away hood
breeze or a quick drop in tempera- • Choose from blue, red, silver,
ture. With an adjustable waist olive, black, or camo
and neck and elasticated cuffs,
MSRP
you’ll create the ultimate fit with
Starting at $249
its streamlined design. Zippered
inside chest pocket keeps small URL
essentials handy. ProforceEquipment.com

Snugpak Patrol Poncho
Discarding the idea that a poncho is a • Easily fits over most people and
throwaway piece of clear plastic, this gear
Patrol Poncho takes rain protection to • Adjustable hood and thumb
the upper tier of performance. Created loops create a comfortable, snug
for practicality when the elements and warm fit
pound you from above, you’ll enjoy • Integrated chest map pocket for
dedicated sleeves that allow great easy accessibility
arm mobility, an adjustable hood, and • 100 percent waterproof
a generously cut design that covers • Includes stuff sack for carrying
not only you, but your backpack as
MSRP
well. Fully taped seams and a snug,
$49
but comfortable fit keep your body dry
underneath at all times. Can also be URL
used as a bivvi in a pinch! ProforceEquipment.com
Snugpak Poncho Liner

Don’t underestimate the chilling • Dedicated sleeves allow for
effects of ice-cold winds. They can greater arm mobility and warmth
rip through you and put you at risk • Pack size: 6x7 inches
for hypothermia. Help reduce your • Antibacterial and antimicrobial
chances with this protective poncho treatment minimizes bacteria
liner. With a snug fit, the poncho liner • Incredibly lightweight and wa-
will help insulate and shield the body ter-repellent
when used in conjunction with almost
MSRP
any other poncho on the market (or
$49
use Snugpak’s Patrol Poncho). When
not in use, the poncho liner can be URL
reduced to a small size, easily stored ProforceEquipment.com
or carried on your next outdoor ad-
venture.
Minus 33 Kancamagus Men’s

Midweight Wool Bottom
An amalgamation of a cozy • Constructed of 100 percent midweight
blanket and practical pants, Merino wool
these wool bottoms will keep • Flatlock seams allow for ultimate comfort
you warm when the cold, • Integrated fly opening
nasty winter rears its ugly • Won’t fade, bleed, shrink or lose its shape
head. Comfortable for all-day • Totally machine washable and suitable for
use, they fit easily under nor- tumble drying
mal pants. The bottoms are
MSRP
available in red, black, Navy,
Starting at $74.99
Mossy Oak camo and more.
Ideal for long days outside URL
while hiking, skiing, exploring Minus33.com
or any outdoor activity.

Minus 33 Ridge Cuff Wool Beanie
Whether hitting the town at night • Four-season compatible
or roughing it in the backwoods, • 100 percent Australian Merino
this beanie exhibits both style and wool
functionality. With a double layer • Double-layered for added
of fabric to keep precious body warmth
heat from escaping, you’ll stay • Machine washable and safe to
warm and comfortable when the tumble dry
temperatures dip. When the day • Available in 12 colors
warms, this beanie is easy to store
MSRP
and pack. Choose from a variety of
$22.99
colors such as black, red, yellow,
desert sand, navy and the Minus URL
33 logo design. Minus33.com
Woolx Women’s Marcy Vest

Ideal for the backcountry or • Three-season vest can be worn
walking the chilly city streets, under or over other clothes
this vest offers not only extreme • Deep zipper pockets hold personal
warmth and comfort, but style items
that complements nearly any • Stand-up collar blocks wind and cold
outfit. Its ultra-heavy Merino wool • Princess seams offer slim lines and
is soft, yet substantial enough to a sporty fit
block wind and rain from reaching • 93 percent 440-gram Merino wool, 7
you. The vest is non-bulky, offers a percent polyester
tweed-like knit style, and makes a
MSRP
great “emergency” garment when
$145
Mother Nature throws unexpected
colder temperatures your way. URL
WoolX.com
ColdAvenger Classic Fleece Mask

A facemask that actually warms the • Made with micro fleece fabric
air you inhale? Yes, and it sports ex- • Comfortable and easy to wear
treme comfort for all-day wintertime • Patented design allows free
use as well. The ColdAvenger Fleece breathing while warming the
mask offers a patented design that inhaled air
will transform -72 (F) outside air to an • Customizable fit with hidden
average of 59 (F) air inside the ven- nose wire and suspension system
tilator. An internal support structure • Transports excess moisture away
ensures a custom fit, while the entire from face
unit protects a wearer’s neck, head
MSRP
and face. Perfect for everything from
$35
a nighttime stroll in the snow to a
full-blown, frigid survival situation. URL
ColdAvenger.com

Camcon Shemagh
Extreme versatility is the name of the • Multiple configurations
game when using a shemagh. From full • Use it as a scarf to protect your
head coverage to neck protection, to neck from wind
using it as a sling, bandage, camo cov- • Compact, fast-drying and thick
ering, water filter or blanket, you’ll get enough for all-day protection
full use out of this seemingly basic piece • Protects eyes, nose, mouth
of clothing no matter where you are in and neck
the world. When cold weather hits, the • Made of 100 percent cotton
shemagh works great as a base layer for
MSRP
outer clothing or by wrapping it around
$11.99
uncovered parts of your body. Used by
military units around the world, no gear URL
bag should be without this valuable and ProforceEquipment.com
unique garment.
Snugpak Sleeka Elite Reversible Jacket

Rough, tough and ready to take on nearly • Lightweight, windproof and
any hostile winter environment, the water repellant
Sleeka features a fully reversable design • Adjustable collar and waist
with reinforcement patches at shoulders, openings
elbows and cuffs. Its adjustable elastic • Breathable material with mois-
drawstrings at the collar and bottom ture-wicking properties
hem allow greater warmth by shutting • Elasticated cuffs for extra pro-
off any area where cold winds, snow or tection from the elements
sleet might get in. The entire interior is
MSRP
stuffed with Snugpak’s Softie insulation
$139
while a compression sack keeps the
jacket packed and handy when not in use URL
without any loss of thermal protection. ProforceEquipment.com
WeatherWool Al’s Anorak

This pullover takes wool winter • Full- or midweight Jacquard options
clothing far beyond what’s expect- • Cuffs adjust by securing “wrist flap”
ed and pleases on so many levels. to one of three buttons
Numerous beneficial features • Super-long side zippers enable vent-
include oversized sleeves for hand ing and easy take on and off
protection, side zips for belt-level • Large hood offers versatility, with
accessibility, a hood large enough multiple configurations
for a microclimate around the • Large, hidden zippered pocket offers
head and generous front and side concealment under kangaroo pouch
pockets for numerous storage op-
MSRP
tions. This is truly the Rolls Royce
Starting at $595
of wool pullovers. Ideal for the
deep woods or even a very cold URL
night on the town. WeatherWool.com

Sealskinz Waterproof
All Weather Camo Cap
Sometimes you just can’t give up • Waterproof, protects your head from
your trusty cap. When winter hits heat loss
that could be a major compro- • Three-layer construction provides
mise; but not with this hat! Sport- warmth in harsh weather
ing three layers of protection from • Poly/cotton shell, weather-resistant
the cold, rain and sun, this piece membrane and polyester lining
of headgear can brave the cold • Adjustable fit with Velcro closure
weather and look stylish doing it.
MSRP
The Realtree Camo pattern blends
$35
into most environments, while the
solid brim won’t bend or deform URL
as you traverse through tough SealskinzUSA.com
brush and tangled trees.
WeatherWool All-Around Jacket

This All-Around Jacket from • Double yoke protects vitals from cold
WeatherWool provides style for and wind
any occasion and protection far • Large cargo pockets close with both
beyond normal outdoor jackets. zippers and flaps
Constructed to withstand huge • Elbows and forearms protected with
amounts of snow, sleet, rain and double thickness of full weight fabric
wind, it shields you from tempera- • Integrated inside chest pockets with
ture extremes from 70 degrees zippered closures
Fahrenheit to far below freezing. • Full-weight Merino Jacquard fabric
Numerous pockets hold gear of
MSRP
all sizes, while the cuffs and waist
$850
cinch allow for on-the-spot ad-
justments. A top-tier essential for URL
winter climate conditions. WeatherWool.com
Woolx Men’s Grizzly

Hooded Sweatshirt
This sweatshirt has a stylish • Superior Merino wool wicks up to 30
form-fitting design and Merino percent faster than synthetics
wool construction to handle • Discreet cuffs with thumbholes keep
warmth, wicking sweat away from hand and wrist warm
your skin for all-around comfort. • 3-panel hood with adjustable cord
Innovative features such as an system
adjustable hood system, zipper • Zippered internal phone/entertain-
guards and “hidden” pockets ment device pocket with cord portal
round out this amazing piece of
MSRP
must-have winter clothing. Avail-
$210
able in black or charcoal heather.
URL
WoolX.com

Sealskinz Camo Reversible Beanie
Stay warm, dry and either out of • Waterproof, windproof and
sight or highly visible with this breathable
reversible all-season beanie. • Microfleece liner provides
Sporting moisture controlling ma- warmth and moisture control
terials, this cap can be a lifesaver • Realtree Xtra camo print is ideal
by preventing heat loss through for fall and winter landscapes
your head during long hunts or • Reverses to blaze orange interior
unpredictable survival situations for high visibility
in wintry weather. With a fully
MSRP
cotton outer shell and a polyester
$35
lining, this multi-layered beanie
will keep you cozy even under the URL
worst conditions that nature can SealskinzUSA.com
throw at you.
Vertx Integrity Base Jacket

Lightweight, but incredibly warm and • 68 grams of PrimaLoft insulation
water-resistant, the Integrity Base for lightweight warmth
Jacket can be worn alone or com- • Wind and water resistant Nano-
bined with the Integrity Shell Jacket Sphere treated outer shell
for ultimate outdoor functionality. • Stylish Savoire Suede collar adds
This cold weather garment features both comfort and warmth
a 100 percent nylon exterior with • Easy mobility with integrated
an insulated interior providing dual gusseted sides
protection from the elements and
MSRP
its hand-warmer pockets keep your
Starting at $169.95
digits always toasty and free from
the dangers of frostbite. The jacket’s URL
streamlined fit creates a tailored feel, Vertx.com
yet still allows for ideal mobility.
Vertx Integrity Shell Jacket

If you get wet while out in the • 100% polyester with VaporCore
cold weather, hypothermia won’t • Snap-on, adjustable hood with built-in
be far behind. Battle this deadly visor and hidden drawcord system
scenario with the Vertx Integri- • Right sleeve zippered pocket for added
ty Shell Jacket. This last line of storage
defense delivers protection from • Sealed seams and zippers reinforce
blistering winds, falling snow or waterproof protection
icy rains. An adjustable hood and • Strategically designed pockets provide
visor keep your visibility clear, easy access to gear
while ventilation flaps allow for a
MSRP
breathable fit while on the move.
Starting at $235.95
Numerous deep pockets keep
essentials close by during all your URL
wintertime activities. Vertx.com

THIS PIECE COULD BE THE MOST VERSATILE GUN IN YOUR SAFE
G
BY WILL DABBS, M.D.
ene Stoner’s revolutionary the latest iterations are actually classified as pistols.
lightweight gas-operat- Alex Bosco is the guy who developed the revolutionary Pistol Stabilizing Brace. The PSB was originally intended
ed rifle almost became a to allow disabled veterans returning from the kinetic festivities overseas to run a short-barreled firearm safely
footnote in the history of and well. BATF ultimately ruled that inclusion of a PSB with a short barrel did not change the handgun status of a
firearms. Were it not for host firearm no matter how you ran it, and a whole new genre of tactical guns was born.
a determined band of marketers, a hard The real forte of these novel short-barreled fire-breathing monsters rests in their portability. Properly configured,
charging Air Force general, and a certain such a gun will fit covertly within a rucksack yet still allow its operator access to paradigm-shifting firepower in a
sordid little war in Southeast Asia, the crunch. There’s really no better tool in a true survival situation than one of these stubby little AR pistols.
AR-15 and the M-16 it spawned might never
have grown legs. However, the M-16 and THE BUILD
subsequent M-4 went on to become the Our mission was to craft a compact AR-based survival firearm using common sources without spending too
longest-serving combat rifle in American much money. The resulting gun needed to be portable, maneuverable, and concealable while remaining both
history. accurate and effective downrange. We stipulated that the gun had to be within financial and mechanical reach of
The M-16 was a product of the Space Age. the typical American gun nerd handy with tools.
By combining materials science had drawn You could squander the kids’ college fund tricking out a proper tactical weapon. By contrast, most of the compo-
from the aviation industry and a novel nents of our handy little Frankengun came from places like Amazon. The end result is both cute as a button and
small-caliber, high-velocity cartridge along mean as a snake.
with some truly world-class human engi-
neering, Stoner and a few others designed THE HOST
the most modular and adaptable firearm in We used a SIG Sauer P516 pistol as a starting point. This base gun was admittedly expensive. The same weapon
human history. The end result is a gun that could easily be crafted from a $70 lower receiver and a $260 no-frills parts kit from Palmetto State Armory. We
can be configured for most any conceivable used the SIG gun because it was awesome and it was handy.
mission. The P516 is no longer listed in the SIG catalog. It has been replaced by the MCX Virtus and Rattler series. At its
Every responsible American citizen should heart the P516 is a gas piston-driven AR pistol with a 7.5-inch barrel and all the bells and whistles. This includes
own at least one AR-15. There are already a bilateral safety and magazine release along with an adjustable gas system. I’ve run a zillion rounds through this
around 20 million in circulation. Some of tiny little gun and never had a stoppage.

“ALEX BOSCO IS THE GUY WHO DEVELOPED THE REVOLUTIONARY PISTOL
STABILIZING BRACE. THE PSB WAS ORIGINALLY INTENDED TO ALLOW
DISABLED VETERANS RETURNING FROM THE KINETIC FESTIVITIES
OVERSEAS TO RUN A SHORT-BARRELED FIREARM SAFELY AND WELL.”
COOL-GUY STUFF
Starting at the back we mounted up an
SB Tactical SBA3 Pistol Stabilizing Brace.
Component Prices
This remarkable bit of kit features a sliding and Sources
arm brace akin to a standard M-4 stock. The
SBA3 weighs less than 7 ounces, features five PRODUCTS SOURCE MSRP
different adjustable positions, fits on a stan- SB Tactical SBA3 Pistol Stabilizing Brace OpticsPlanet.com $129.99
dard carbine receiver extension, and comes M60 flash suppressor E-Sarcoinc.com $35.00
in four colors. It is the inclusion of this PSB
Flash suppressor thread adaptor Amazon.com $12.99
that allows us to legally keep the short barrel
Magpul AFG2 Angled Fore Grip OpticsPlanet.com $31.79
without running into any NFA registration
requirements. Pushbutton sling swivel Amazon.com $7.97
The optic is an inexpensive CenterPoint sight Green laser sight Amazon.com $19.99
from Amazon. Yes, you can spend as much as CenterPoint Optic Amazon.com $36.88
you might for a beater used car on a proper Riser mount Amazon.com $12.99
name brand tactical optic. I actually own a Backup iron sights Amazon.com $21.99
couple of those. However, I’ll not be toting this
Vertx Gamut Overland Backpack Vertx.com $234.95
rig through the Hindu Kush. Using something
more reasonable for this mission leaves money left over for ammo and incidental
knocked this thing around for about five years, and it hasn’t fail
The CenterPoint scope features a circle ove
variety of brightness level i
screwdriver. The optic wa
an inexpensive riser moun
You can legally mount
That doesn’t make any se
found. Rounded stops ke
› Top right:The long slotted M60 flash sup-
pressor looks cool, protects your fingers, and is
surprisingly effective.
FrankenAR SIG P516

Survival Pistol
Specifications
• Caliber: 5.56x45mm
• Barrel length: 7.5 inches
• Overall length: 25.3 inches collapsed/28 inches
extended
• Weight: 8 pounds (unloaded)
• Operating system: Gas piston
• Feed system: STANAG M-4 box magazines
› Bottom right: The Magpul AFG2 gives

us a proper grip on the front end of our
creation while running the gun fast.
AFG fits human anatomy like a glove.

An inexpensive
l
‹ Far left, top: If you can't
see it, you can't hit it reliably,
so optics are an important
consideration when building
your Frankenpistol.
‹ Near left: Our DIY FrankenAR pistol

moves like a sports car and hits like
a freight train. It is one of the most
versatile guns in the safe.
‹ Middle left: The M60 flash

control while running hot.
“EVERY RESP
SHOULD OWN
ARE ALREADY
CIRCULATION
ITERATIONS A
PISTOLS.”
looked cool. Only afterward
order GI surplus M60 flash s
does a splendid job of minimizing the chaos out front, and it gives you enough standoff to
help keep your fingers away from the nasty bits.
The M60 flash suppressor is threaded ½-24, so it won’t fit this ½-28 muzzle without an
adaptor. A ¾-inch thread adapter set me back $13, also on Amazon. Set everything with a
drop of Loctite thread locker, and it won’t come off until you want it to.
SIG 5.56 mm P516 Pistol

Performance Results
GROUP
AMMUNITION VELOCITY SIZE
(fps)
(inches)
SIG 40gr Varmint 2,569 0.6
SIG 60gr FMJ 1,888 0.5
Fusion MSR 62gr FMJ 2,242 0.4
HSM 55gr Sierra Blitz King 2,182 1.0
‹ Our $20 green laser sight is hardly military
grade, but the author has burned through a Notes: Group Size is best four of five shots measured center to center fired from a simple
couple of batteries and it hasn’t failed yet. rest at 30 meters. Velocity is the average of three rounds fired across a Caldwell Ballistic
Chronograph oriented ten feet from the muzzle.

› Far right, top: A set of cheap backup
iron sights came from Amazon.
› Near right: In addition to

being nimble and powerful, our
Frankenpistol will tuck behind the
seat in your pickup truck or in the
back of the minivan.
› Far right, bottom: At reasonable

defensive ranges, our homebuilt
monster groups like a dream.
‹ Top and middle left: The Vertx Gamut
Overland Backpack is big enough to pack a
proper gun and was designed from the outset
for concealed carry. Maybe best of all, it
doesn’t scream, “Shoot me first!”
‹ Bottom left: With a spacious

interior that can be easily
customized, the Vertx Gamut
Overland Backpack will have you
prepared for anything.
Our AR Frankenpistol has

been completely reliable w
everything we shoved dow
gullet. I have built several
sive direct impingement p
that were comparably rel
Whether you feed it with GI metal mags,
Magpul PMAGs, or a 100-round Beta
C-MAG twin drum, the gun just won’t quit.
ONE SERIOUSLY COOL RUCKSACK
The manual of arms is identical to that The Vertx Gamut Overland Backpack is designed from the outset to pack heat while looking cool. A Rapid
of any AR you’ve ever run. With a little Access Pull Tab allows instant entry to the main compartment via a 180-degree flap. There’s room for
practice, magazine changes are fast and ballistic panels if desired, and it has dual pass-through holes for a hydration system. A 3-D molded foam
smooth. back panel keeps things cool, while generous padded shoulder and sternum straps along with a waist belt
That’s the good part. The downside to distribute the load comfortably.
that stubby little barrel is that this com- There are pouches everywhere, and an adjustable laptop sleeve within the entrails. Tactigami loop panels
pact monster is incredibly loud. A lot of on the inside let you set your kit up just the way you like it. There are abrasion-resistant compartments that
the chaos is not yet consumed by the end will safely pack your shades and YKK self-repairing coil zippers throughout. Bonded nylon thread secures
of that 7.5-inch barrel, and this equates to critical seams, and attachment points are bar tacked for extra studliness.
noise you can hear from the International The Gamut Overland will pack enough firepower, food, water, and gear to keep you going for an age with-
Space Station. out making you look like some kind of commando. The Vertx Gamut Overland looks innocuous in the field, on
The muzzle blast and flash were not the trail, or in the subway. You can land a cheap colorful book bag on Amazon, stuff it full of sensitive stuff,
nearly so bad as I had anticipated, and hope it doesn’t rupture in public when you push it a bit. Or you could spring for the same Vertx gear the
presumably because of the effectiveness pros tote. Brilliantly executed and rugged as Chuck Norris’ beard, the Vertx Gamut Overland is the good stuff.
of that long machinegun appendage on
the snout. Running such a cool beast at

11.00"
10.05" The Guardian Series
9.75"
9.2"
9.125" Customize
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FRUITFUL
FORAGING
HOW TO FIND NUTS, BERRIES AND
OTHER EDIBLES IN THE FOREST
BY CHRISTOPHER NYERGES
© GETTY IMAGES

M
any generations of rural Americans grew up collecting nuts and berries
as a family tradition. At the appropriate times of the year, they would
go collect black walnuts, hickory nuts, pine nuts, chestnuts, blackberries,
elderberries, wild strawberries, blueberries, cherries, mulberries, apples,
grapes and other bounty from the forest. These are some of the foods
that people from just a few generations ago took for granted.
Foraging has enjoyed increased interest as more and more people are realizing the great
value in being able to identify feral foods that are still essentially free for the picking.
When North America was exclusively Native American territory, just about every food
plant was carefully exploited. Nuts, berries, greens, flowers, roots – all were used and
surplus was dried for later consumption.
Today, people take to the woods and backyards in search of wild nuts and berries for many
reasons. Most folks get hooked on the idea that you can just go outside, commune with
nature in the way that’s best for you, and then find a snack or lunch. Food is everywhere.
When I began learning how to forage at around age 12, it seemed terribly exciting to know
how to find food that was always there, that Native Americans had known about and used
for millennia. It was like peeling back a mysterious fog and penetrating into the deep past
for a skill that would be with me forever in this modern world.
Of course, the collection and use of wild edibles has gained popularity in the last few
decades because more people are aware of the fragility of our modern methods of agricul-
ture, not to mention all the support systems that get food from the farm to your local store.
It makes practical sense to learn about local wild plants, and it also makes sense to grow at
least a little of your own food.
In his book "Participating in Nature," Thomas J. Elpel created a unique chart to give a
perspective on the sheer number of edible, medicinal, and poisonous plants. First, almost
every plant with known ethnobotanical uses can be used medicinally. Medicine is every-
where, but nearly two-thirds of these plants are neither poisonous nor used for food for
various reasons.
About 10 to 15 percent of wild foods consist of berries or fruits, and timing is everything.
Unlike greens, which you can usually find year-round, fruits and berries are typically
“MANY GENERATIONS OF RURAL

AMERICANS GREW UP COLLECTING NUTS
AND BERRIES AS A FAMILY TRADITION.
… THESE ARE SOME OF THE FOODS THAT
PEOPLE FROM JUST A FEW GENERATIONS
AGO TOOK FOR GRANTED.”
‹ Above: After collecting samples from the field, the author’s students learn to make a meal
from nuts, berries, greens and other foods.

‹ These are mature
wild black walnuts.
Let’s take a look at some of these nuts and Note the thickness
of the shells.
berries, especially those that can be found
nationwide.
NUTS
WALNUTS (Juglans spp).
Walnut trees can be found widely through-
out North America. Often stately trees with
pinnately divided leaves, they can also
be smallish bushes. Though often found
around water, they are pretty widespread in
their distribution. The walnuts are smaller
than the English walnuts you find in the
markets. Wild walnuts, also known as black
walnuts, have a soft green layer covering the
available only seasonally, so if you want some during other parts of the year, you’ll need shell. This ripens to a black color, generally
to dry them or make jams or preserves. These fruits provide sugars and flavor, and as with in late summer, as they drop to the ground.
greens, you would not make a meal entirely from fruits and berries. The walnuts are collected in summer, and
Another small category of wild foods consists of seeds and nuts. This includes grass seeds, because the black husk stains the skin, it’s
pine nuts, mesquite, screwbeans, acorns and many others. It is in this small category, maybe best to collect them with gloves. Crack the
5 percent of wild foods, where you obtain the carbohydrates, oils and sometimes proteins thick shell with a hammer or rock, and enjoy
that constitute the staff of life. Though these are not available all year, some have a longer the nutmeat inside in any of the ways you’d
harvest time than others. However, some may have a harvest period as short as two weeks. enjoy regular walnuts.
In other words, though nuts and berries comprise a very small percentage of available wild
foods, and though they are available only seasonally, they are among the most essential PINE NUTS (Pinus spp.)
plant foods that we need. It is no wonder that nuts and berries have been held in such high Pine nuts are the seeds that develop inside
esteem for millennia by societies all over the world. the pine cones. The thin shell of these seeds
is black or brown and, theoretically, the nut
EDIBLE, MEDICINAL, AND POISONOUS PLANTS
of every pine is edible. However, some may
Plants that are not poisonous, but are be too dry, or not developed at all.
Poisonous Plants not usually food, except as tea. Edible Plants
In the fall when the cones develop, one
‹ Below, left: This is
seed will develop under each scale of the a good view of pine
cone. The seeds may usually drop from the needles.
cones onto the ground before the cones
Mildly Poisonous Plants Salad/Potherbs actually drop, so sometimes the easiest way ‹ Below, right: This
Very Poisonous Plants Berries/Fruits to collect is to lay sheets under the trees is a before-and-
Starchy Roots after photo of pine
Seeds/Nuts
and come back in a day or two to gather nuts in the shell,
Medicinal Plants them up. and shelled (white).
© GETTY IMAGES

The seeds are easily shelled and are readily › Blackberries on
the vine. The black
palatable to everyone. Pines are widespread, fruit is ripe but the
and are the most widely planted tree in the red one still needs
a little more time to
world for lumber. mature.
Pine trees are distinguished from other
conifers by their needle-like leaves always
bundled in a paper-like fascicle at their base,
even if it is a pine with only one needle per
fascicle.
HICKORY NUTS (Carya spp.)

Hickory trees are most common in the
eastern half of the U.S. and they are often
quite large. The leaves are pinnate-divided,
like the walnut. The nut is small, like a small
walnut, and round with shallow grooves. The
© GETTY IMAGES
nut is slightly four-angled and comes to a
short abrupt point. They are as hard to crack
as a wild walnut, necessitating a hammer or a
rock with an anvil.
When I lived on my grandfather’s farm in
rural Ohio, a large hickory tree grew at the
entrance to the farm. We often drove over
the nuts when coming home and sometimes
that was enough to crack them open so
we could eat them. But usually, we would
collect the nuts and crack them on a rock
with another rock.
BERRIES
BLACKBERRIES
Blackberries (and their many kin) are › Right: This photo
shows an example
widespread vines throughout North America. of an elderberry
In some areas they are so common and fruit. © GETTY IMAGES
‹ Far left: This is a

closeup of a wild
strawberry fruit.
‹ These are some

wild strawberries
growing in a patch in
Southern California.
© GETTY IMAGES
Photo by Jean Pawek

‹ Far left: These
wild cherries are
in various stages of
ripening near the
end of the season.
‹ Left: This feral

apple looks like a
domesticated apple
but it is smaller.
widespread that most of the fruit just rots › Right: These wild
grapes don’t grow in
on the ground. It’s actually amazing the thick bunches
that anyone buys blackberries at the we see in vineyard
grapes but they will
markets, because they are also incredibly be ripe and ready to
easy to grow. eat soon.
The vines are spiny and so are easy to
recognize. The flowers are five-petalled,
and the leaves are palmately divided
(think “palm” of the hand) into five to sev-
en segments. The fruit are the commonly
recognized aggregate fruits, and most
people recognize these because they’ve
seen them at the supermarket. Their close › Below: The author
relatives include raspberry, salmonberry explains how to
identify wild nuts,
and thimbleberry, the latter so-called berries, greens and
because when you pick the fruit, there other edibles to a
group of his students.
is a hollow, making it look like a sewing Photo by Matthew
thimble. Magallanes
These are collected when ripe and eaten fresh.

They can also be made into drinks, pie filling, jam and a variety of desserts.
ELDERBERRIES (Sambucus spp).

Elderberries are found in most environments across North America. They are usually large
bushes to small trees, often appearing dead in the winter, but then blooming out with their
pinnately divided leaves. In the spring, the light yellow flower clusters make the plant more
conspicuous, and by early summer, the clusters of the small BB-size fruit begin to ripen.
Depending on the species, the berries ripen black, or purple, or blue and even red. The red
ones are best not eaten. The others can be eaten raw sparingly, but are best for everyone
when they are cooked before using. If making an elder juice (for food or medicine), carefully
remove the berries from the stems, then simmer with a little water. Once gently cooked, they
are fine to make various beverages, or jam and jellies, or pie fillings. I like to simply dry the
fruits and nibble on them like raisins.
STRAWBERRIES (Fragaria spp).

If you’ve ever grown strawberries, you know what the leaves and fruits look like. When peo-
ple see wild strawberries for the first time, they often say, “Hey, that looks like a strawberry!”
Yes, because it is a strawberry, though the wild ones are typically much smaller than the cul-
tivated ones. This member of the rose family has flowers with five petals, and three-lobed
leaves with fine teeth on the edges. The fruit has all the seeds on the outside, making this a

‹ Left: These are
distinctive fruit to recognize. typical of wild grape
Strawberries are eaten with ice cream, in leaves you can find
if you know what to
salads, in shakes, in dessert dishes, and any look for.
way you’d use ordinary cultivated straw-
berries.
CHERRIES (Prunus spp).

Wild cherries of one sort or another are
found across North America. They can be
evergreen or deciduous (deciduous means
the tree loses its leaves in the winter).
When you crush a cherry leaf, it gives off
a distinctive bitter almond extract smell,
which is a form of cyanide, so don’t make
tea from the leaves.
Cherries begin as green fruits in early
summer and ripen into dark red fruits by late
August and September. The flesh of the ripe © GETTY IMAGES
fruits is enjoyed by everyone, and it can be

made into juices, jams, jellies, fruit leather an aggregate fruit. The fruits are white or purple, and can be eaten directly from the tree or
and even dried as a form of wild sugar. made into various dessert items
The tree can be large, with fine teeth on the leaves; the leaves are typically lobed, but can
APPLES (Malus sp.) be unlobed. The long straight branches of this tree make ideal archery bows, by the way.
Apples are surprisingly common through-
out the United States, either from orchards GRAPES (Vitis spp).
gone fallow or from growths of truly wild Worldwide, there are 65 species of Vitis, grapes, and the wild ones look very much like
crab apples. Nearly everyone recognizes the the cultivated ones. If you have ever seen a grape vine in someone’s orchard, you know
common apple when the fruit is on the tree. what the wild grape looks like. The main difference is that the wild grapes never fruit as
The crab apple looks very similar except the abundantly as the cultivated grapes, and wild grapes are not as sweet. This means that you
fruit is much smaller, like a cherry. always cook the wild grapes before using, and make them into juices, wine, pies, jams or
Apples are one of the great foods that jellies. They can also be dried to create a tart raisin.
all early pioneers learned to use. They are Incidentally, if you’ve ever been to a Mediterranean restaurant, you’ve probably had some-
eaten fresh, made into sauce, cider, juice, thing called grape leaves. This is rice, sometimes with lamb added, rolled in a grape leaf. ‹ Below: These
mulberries will be
pie filling, jams and jellies. Dried and ground If you choose to collect your own wild grape leaves for this dish, collect the youngest and ripening and ready to
apples can also be used as sugar. most tender leaves. Boil them before you roll the rice into the leaves. be harvested soon.
The wild crab apples can be eaten sparing-
ly when raw but are best cooked. The entire
apple can be cooked and then the pulp
passed through a sieve to remove the seeds.
Apple stems will sprout readily when
planted, and this method will produce a
vegetative clone of the parent.
Johnny Appleseed was a real person, a
traveling preacher who paid his way by
sprouting apple seeds and selling the trees
to farmers and homesteaders. Whereas a
cutting will always result in a duplicate of
the parent tree, the tree grown from a seed
is not so restricted, and it’s anyone’s guess
what sort of apple you might get.
MULBERRIES (Morus spp.)

Mulberry trees can be found throughout
North America, in both the urban and
semi-wilderness landscapes. When people
see the fruits for the first time, they think
they’re an elongated blackberry because it’s © GETTY IMAGES

W
riters in every publica-
tion, including myself,
spend a great deal
of time covering gear
and skills, and right-
fully so, but what many of us fail to cover
is the importance of keeping a sharp and
active mind. Perhaps the greatest tool that
we have is our mind, our ability to think.
Our ability to analyze and work through
problems is what has kept us all alive since
the first time we were on our own. Just
as you go to the firing range to hone your
shooting skills and to the gym to keep your
body in shape, you need to do something to
keep your mind active. For me that means
reading.
WHAT TO READ
What someone reads is entirely up to
the individual. Some people like fiction.
Some, like me, like to read about true-life
situations. In my office are bookcases full
of books that cover all aspects of many
different subjects. There are books on
history, geography and animals. There are
also medical books and manual-style books.
Why, you may ask? Simply because they are
my reference materials. I draw upon these
books for my line of work and the way I live
my life. I don’t know everything so when I
have a question, I turn to these reference
materials.
Like all of the articles being written by
some really great writers, these books are

GOOD BOOKS ARE THE
WHETSTONES THAT KEEP
YOUR MIND SHARP BY DANA BENNER

ADDITIONAL
BOOKS
Here are a few more books that I have found helpful and fall into my
areas of interest.
“A YEAR IN THE MAINE WOODS,” by Bernd Heinrich
This book takes place in my neck of the woods and has a direct link
to my lifestyle. While not a prepper book, it does contain valuable
information.
Da Capo Press, DacapoPress.com $18.95
“ARCTIC DREAMS,” by Barry Lopez

Written in the late 1980s, this book is by far the go-to book for anyone
interested in the Arctic.
Penguin Random House, PenguinRandomHouse.com $16.95 paperback
book, in most cases, lived to tell the tale says a great deal about mastering these skills.
“A HISTORY OF THE ARCTIC,” by John McCannon What follows are seven books — two references and five true stories — that I consider
This book is a must-read for anyone looking to tackle Alaska or any important additions to my personal library.
other place in the Arctic. It covers the history, the geography and the
landscape of the area; something that is valuable informa-
“KEVIN [ESTELA] NOT ONLY SHOWS YOU
tion and essential if this is where you want to visit. THE SKILLS THAT YOU NEED TO KNOW,
Reaktion Books, ReaktionBooks.co.uk $35 BUT HE ALSO ENCOURAGES YOU TO GO
hardcover
OUT AND DO THEM. HE CHALLENGES YOU
TO PUSH YOURSELF, AND HE DOES SO
IN A STYLE THAT NOT ONLY DRAWS THE
pretty cut and dried, and unless you actually › Above: Books that
READER IN BUT HOLDS THEM THERE.
go out and do the task written about, it is show examples
of how people in
very hard for many people to connect the cold climates put
dots without using their hands. For example, lessons to work
inspire the author.
you can read about how to sharpen a knife
or start a fire, but unless you actually do it
yourself, or at the very least, watch some-
one else do it, then it is hard to fully grasp
the process. I admit I’m like that. It is not
enough for me to read about something. I
don’t fully learn it unless I do it.
Another way to help put all of the pieces
together is to read books that share real-life
experiences. Believe it or not, you do
actually learn something from reading these
books. That skill you have read about in a
manual comes to life after you read about
someone who actually put that knowledge
to use.
My interests are all over the place, but I
do have a real soft place for stories about
the Arctic, or at the very least, stories that
happen in colder climates. Perhaps that is
› Right: Even Kevin
because I live in a cold region of the country, Estela, one of the
and the lessons these stories tell can be di- best writers I know,
takes time to read.
rectly applied to my daily life. Who knows? Photo courtesy of
Just the fact that the person writing the Kevin Estela

› Near right:
Christopher
Nyerges doesn't
just write about
wild edible plants,
he puts his writings
into practice
during his classes.
REFERENCE ‹ Above: The author consider him one of the top authorities
is seen relaxing
Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America with a book that regarding this subject. More than once I have
Written by Christopher Nyerges, this book is one of the references that I turn to when I he lugged up to his conferred with him on articles I have written
cabin deep in the
have questions regarding any plant that I may eat. As I live a great deal by what I harvest woods of northern for ASG, and his written work often stands
from the wild (hunt, fish, forage), it is very important that I don’t eat, or feed my family, New Hampshire. alone on these pages as well.
We all need some
something that could possibly harm us. I have known Christopher for many years and downtime. This book is available from Falcon Guides
and it can be ordered from the School of
Self-Reliance at SchoolofSelf-Reliance.com.
Cost is $22.95.
101 Skills You Need to Survive in the

Woods
There are as many survival skills books as
there are writers. For the most part these
books are very good, but, to be honest,
many are more like military-style manuals
than they are books that you really want
to read. Kevin Estela’s book "101 Skills You
Need to Survive in the Woods" is an excep-
tion. Kevin not only shows you the skills that
‹ Left: Three of my you need to know, but he also encourages
favorite books: "81 you to go out and do them. He challenges
Days Below Zero,"
"Braving It" and "A you to push yourself, and he does so in a
Year in the Maine style that not only draws the reader in but
Woods."
holds them there. This book is difficult to
put down.
Unlike some other reference materials that
just cover skills, this book emphasizes the
point that gear is not the end-all of your
preparations. True survival wisdom requires
that you know how to use that gear and,
more important, you have the mental forti-
tude to do what has to be done. Time and
time again, Kevin covers this topic.
Page Street Publishing, PageStreetPub-
lishing.com $21.99
TRUE STORIES
Squatter in Los Angeles: Living on the
‹ Two more of my
favorite reads: "A
Edge
History of the Arctic" This online book is another one written by
and "101 Skills You
Need to Survive in
Christopher Nyerges and actually was the
the Woods." first of his books that I read. It still has a

‹ Left: Kevin Estela’s
experiences, from
the Arctic to Africa,
come through in his
writing. His stories,
like those of Ernest
Hemingway, teach
valuable lessons
without sounding
static. Photo
courtesy of Kevin
Estela
› Above: How
many people have
“PERHAPS THE GREATEST TOOL THAT WE HAVE IS OUR MIND,
actually climbed
to the summit of
OUR ABILITY TO THINK. OUR ABILITY TO ANALYZE AND WORK
Mt. Washington in
New Hampshire?
THROUGH PROBLEMS IS WHAT HAS KEPT US ALL ALIVE SINCE
I haven’t, but I can
live the experience
THE FIRST TIME WE WERE ON OUR OWN.”
through the writings
of Kevin Estela place on my list because it is just that good.
and others. Photo
courtesy of Kevin Unlike most of his other books, this piece of
Estela work teaches the reader through real-life
experience. Christopher lived as a squatter
in Los Angeles for a year and a half and this
is his story.
It is a narrative about living by your convic-
tions and wits. It is about living by what the
world will provide and making do with what
you have. What this story doesn’t do is en-
courage anyone to do what he did. Nyerges
uses his real-life experience as a metaphor
for the issues that we all face and how we
can learn to overcome problems with some
thought. He made mistakes and so will we,
but it is by learning from those mistakes
that we grow.
This book is available for the Amazon Kin-
dle for $2.99 or in printed form, which can
be ordered as a Microsoft Word document
for $2 from the School of Self-Reliance
SchoolofSelf-Reliance.com.
Braving It
If you have kids and love the wilderness,
then this book is for you. In this book James
Campbell tells of multiple adventures in the
Alaskan wilderness with his then-teenage
› Having faith in
daughter. As the father of a daughter and
the writer makes the grandfather of two granddaughters, I
the story or the
information
could relate to the trials and tribulations re-
provided that much vealed in the book, learning when to protect
more valuable.
Here, Kevin Estela
and, more important, when to let go.
lives what he writes Woven within the story are lessons about
about. Photo
courtesy of Kevin
facing real-life fears, problem-solving and
Estela cherishing life as it happens here and now.

No time to worry about the “what-ifs.” Above all, this book emphasizes the importance of
WHERE TO
family and friends, even more than the gear we carry. Broadway Books, BroadwayBooks.com
$17
The Stranger in the Woods

In this book Michael Finkel tells the story of Christopher Knight, a young man who in 1986 FIND THESE
BOOKS
decided he had had enough of the world, drove his car into the woods of rural Maine and
then simply disappeared. For 27 years Knight stayed hidden, never speaking to another
person and living from what he could forage and, yes, steal from abandoned cabins, though
he took only those items he could use, never money or valuables.
Knight was able to not only survive the harsh conditions, but thrive. He developed unique All of the books I have mentioned, and many that I have not, are
ways to live through the intense winters, store food and live with what he had to work with. available from a variety of sources. The internet is full of them, but
Finkel is not a survival writer, but he is an investigative journalist, and he was able to weave I prefer to actually put in the time and legwork to search for books.
this story into a book worth reading. Vintage Books, VintageBooks.com $16 A good place to start is your local library. It costs nothing, and
libraries are a great place to visit in general. If I find a book that I
In the Land of White Death want to have on my shelves, I start by searching yard sales. If that
Originally published in Russia in 1917, this book is the story of Valerian Albanov, who was fails, then I look in local bookstores.
one of the two survivors of the Russian exploration ship Saint Anna, which got trapped in
Arctic ice in 1912. The ship carried a crew of 23. For a year and a half, the two survivors tra-
versed 235 miles of Arctic ice and barren ground to eventually find help. Many times it was
the simple will to live that kept the men alive. This gripping story, which is Albanov’s account
of what happened, is full of valuable lessons we should all know. Penguin Random House,
PenuinRandomHouse.com $17
There are plenty of books in print that will
81 Days Below Zero keep your brain active and help you on your
This book also takes the reader to the Arctic region of Alaska. It takes place during WWII, way to being self-reliant. Some of these
a time when we were providing arms, including aircraft, to the Soviets during their fight books are great instructional and research
against the Germans. This story is about a B-24 bomber and its five-man crew going down in resources, while others teach you practical
the Alaskan wilderness. Out of the five, only one man survived. Against all odds this lone avi- lessons while entertaining you, allowing you
ator, with no real survival skills or gear, made it out alive. The lessons here are obvious, even to relax. Survival is a very serious topic and
to those totally engrossed in the story. Brian Murphy, the author, acknowledges that he is we should always be on our toes, but there
not a survivalist and perhaps this is why the story is so good. It is based on fact, as opposed are times when we need to take a break.
to being opinion-based. Da Capo Press, DacapoPress.com $9.99 Reading is a way to do both.
“WHAT SOMEONE READS IS ENTIRELY UP TO THE INDIVIDUAL. SOME

PEOPLE LIKE FICTION. SOME, LIKE ME, LIKE TO READ ABOUT TRUE-
LIFE SITUATIONS. IN MY OFFICE ARE BOOKCASES FULL OF BOOKS
THAT COVER ALL ASPECTS OF MANY DIFFERENT SUBJECTS.”
‹ Far left: Reading
stories of other
people's exploits in
this area led me to
the coast of Alaska
to seek my own
adventures.
‹ Near left: The book

"Braving It" takes the
reader into the wilds
of Alaska. Getting
there in the real
world takes a small
plane.

FINDING YOUR WAY WITH THE STARS
Understanding the Night Sky: Basic Go outside on a clear night and observe whatever stars you can see. You may or may not
T
Principles know the constellations, so just observe what you see and take note of the various patterns
or shapes that you see formed by the stars. Focus on one section of the sky so that you’ll
o gain a basic understanding start to see some patterns. Then, take a break. Go back inside, have a coffee, and then go
of the movement of the back outside in an hour and look again at the same stars. Hey! Those stars are not in the
stars, an introductory course same location as an hour ago! What happened? Initially, you will think, well, the stars all
in astronomy would be very moved, and yes, from your Earth perspective, they did “move.”
valuable. However, here is a You observed the apparent motion of the stars, due to the fact that Earth is constantly
very simple explanation of the stars and revolving. Earth is moving, rotating around and around, just like the model Earth that sits in
their apparent movement. every school classroom.

S O U R C E S
“Constellations of the Northern Sky,” Mechler and Chartrand,

National Audubon Society Pocket Guide, Knopf, 1998. This field guide fits
in your pocket and includes color photos.
“The Natural Navigator: The Rediscovered Art of Letting
Nature be Your Guide,” by Tristan Gooley,
The Experiment, 2010. If you enjoy learning how to navigate by common-
sense observational skills, you must read this book!
“The Stars: A New Way to See Them,” by H.A. Rey,

Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1976. (Originally published 1952). This is
the best way to learn to recognize the constellations and understand the
night sky that I’ve ever seen in print.
Once you spend enough time outdoors observing the stars, you’ll notice that all the finding directions. If you follow it with
stars are rotating, and if you detect the point of rotation, you’ll have found the North Star. time-lapse photography, the North Star will
[Note: This article focuses on observations from the Northern Hemisphere.] appear to be stationary, and all the other
The North Star (Polaris) is coincidentally located in space about 1 degree from true north. stars will appear to rotate counter-clock-
It appears to be static in the sky, with all the other stars rotating around it because it is wise around it. If you were standing on the
directly overhead from the North Pole, and the movement of the other stars is what we North Pole, the North Star would be directly
observe from Earth. overhead.
To find the North Star, begin by locating
LET’S GET TO KNOW THE NORTH STAR the Big Dipper. The North Star is in a direct
The North Star is NOT the brightest star in the sky. However, it is highly significant for line with the two stars that define the far

› Right: Stars and side of the bowl of the Big Dipper (see the
other heavenly
bodies are much
illustration below). If you’re just starting
easier to see when out, you should determine where the north-
viewing the night
sky from the desert.
ern part of the sky is located in your area so
you’re not looking in the wrong place. If you
don’t already know where north is in your
area, refer to a local map — all standard
maps have north located at the top — or
use a navigation app or compass on your
smartphone.
On a clear night, go outside to your
viewing spot and face the north. If you live
in a rural area with minimal light pollution,
there may be so many visible stars that it
could be hard to make out distinct con-
stellations. You might even see the Milky
› Right: The farther
you get from urban Way. If you live near or in an urban area,
areas and high lev- you’re going to see only the brightest stars
els of ambient light,
the easier it is to see because the light from the city obscures the
the stars and find less bright stars.
the constellations
needed to navigate Are you able to discern the Big Dipper? In
on earth. this combination of stars, ancient people
saw a large water dipper, as if it were
› Below: Starting
scooping water.
with the bottom of Locate the two stars that comprise the far
the two stars at the
far side of the bowl
wall of the bowl of the “dipper.” We call the
of the Big Dipper, space between those two stars “distance x.”
imagine a straight
line that goes
They are in a direct line to the North Star. If
through the second you continue along a line for a distance of
star and ends at the
North Star.
five times “distance x” in the direction that
The Big Dipper is the dipper would be pouring, you find the
part of the Great
Bear (Ursa Major)
North Star! Wow, people who are seeing
constellation it for the first time often say, “That’s the
North Star? It’s not all that bright.”

Now that you’ve located the Big Dipper and the North Star, take a note of their locations.
Come back in an hour and note the Big Dipper’s location. What happened? Earth rotated
and, although the North Star appears to be in pretty much the same location, the Big
Dipper has now rotated counter-clockwise by about 15 degrees in the sky. Come back in
another hour, and the Big Dipper will have rotated another 15 degrees in the sky. You’re
witnessing the great clockface of the sky, with the North Star smack in the middle.
Now you know how to find north at night, assuming it’s a cloudless night.
SIMPLEST CALCULATION
If you know north, you obviously know south, and perpendicular to your imaginary north-
south line is the east-west line. If you can find the North Star in the Northern Hemisphere,
you now know all your cardinal points!
THE SIDEREAL DAY

What we call the Big Dipper is actually part of the larger constellation known as the
Great Bear, or Ursa Major. The handle of the dipper is the tail of the Great Bear. Ursa Major
is probably the most widely known constellation, going back to ancient times. Ancient
people saw this big bear in sky, rotating forever around the middle of the sky, and they told
countless stories and myths about it.
Now, because you’re viewing the North Star from a particular location in the Northern
Hemisphere, it will always appear in the sky as high above the horizon as your latitude.
That means, for example, since I live at 34 degrees above the equator, I can measure 34

IF YOU’RE LOST AND YOU CAN SEE ORION,
YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO RE-ORIENT
YOURSELF, IN THE SAME WAY AS YOU GETTING TO
SHOULD BE ABLE TO RE-ORIENT YOURSELF
IF YOU SAW THE SUN, WHICH RISES IN THE
KNOW ORION
EAST, AND SETS IN THE WEST. Orion is an easy-to-recognize constellation, probably the
most widely known constellation after the Big Dipper.
Orion is said to resemble a hunter with a shield and a raised
club. Four conspicuous stars provide a general outline for his
body, and three stars in a line define his belt. From his belt
hangs his sword. Below him is his dog, in the Big Dog constel-
lation (Canis Major) with the brightest star in the sky, Sirius, or
the Dog Star, being the brightest in the sky.
Orion is easily noted, and the constellation travels across the
sky just to the south of the ecliptic. This means that, roughly
speaking, Orion rises in the east and sets in the west, just like
the sun or moon.
If you’re lost and you can see Orion, you might be able to
re-orient yourself, in the same way as you should be able to
re-orient yourself if you saw the sun, which rises in the east,
and sets in the west. This is not perfect, of course, because
when Orion rises you’re facing east, and then when it is at its
highest point, you’re facing south, and you’re facing the west
when it sets.
degrees above the horizon with a protractor in order to locate the North Star. With practice, you should be able to use these constellations
How do I know I live 34 degrees above the equator? I read it on a map. But if I didn’t know to determine directions. There are others, as well, that are
that, I could use a protractor to see how high the North Star is above the horizon where very useful for navigation, which you can read about in the
I live, and that angle equals my latitude. (It would be useful to know this if you’re at sea references listed.
with no instruments, or if you were kidnapped by terrorists and they dumped you in some
unknown area.)
As the Big Dipper rotates counter-clockwise around the North Star, it will sometimes be The Queen, and ancient people saw a ‹ Above, left: The
three stars lined up
below your visible horizon. Now it’s time to get familiar with another grouping of stars seated lady in their imaginations when they close together, indi-
called Cassiopeia. looked at this cluster of stars. When I saw cating Orion’s belt,
make it easier to
Cassiopeia for the first time, when the Big identify the Orion
GETTING TO KNOW CASSIOPEIA Dipper was below the horizon, I thought, constellation in the
night sky
Cassiopeia is on the opposite side of the North Star from the Big Dipper. Cassiopeia means “That sorta looks like the Big Dipper, but
‹ Far left: Orion

is a prominent
constellation that
rises in the east
and sets in the
west.
‹ Top left: As the

Big Dipper rotates
counter-clockwise
around the North
Star, the Big Dipper
will go below the
horizon. Cassiopeia,
shown at the right
and which has the
appearance of an
M or W, can also be
used to locate the
North Star.
‹ Bottom left: This

is a larger rendering
of the layout of
the Cassiopeia
constellation.

it’s like a sloppy Big Dipper with a few stars › Right: This time-
lapse photo shows
missing.” Some people call this constella- the “swirl” motion
tion the big M or big W, which more accu- of the stars, with the
North Star (Polaris)
rately describes the shape of the brightest at the center,
stars of the constellation. illustrating Earth’s
rotation.
If you spot Cassiopeia, you can spot the
North Star. Cassiopeia is found roughly the
same distance away from the North Star
as the Big Dipper, and roughly speaking,
at the opposite side of the North Star.
So, Cassiopeia rotates counter-clockwise
around the North Star at roughly 180 de-
grees from the Big Dipper. This means you
can use Cassiopeia in the same manner as
the Big Dipper to locate the North Star.
To reiterate, once you’ve found the North
WHAT IS Star, you know the whole range of directions. Turn your back to the North Star and you are
THE ZODIAC? facing south, and to your right is the west, and to your left is the east.
A SEMI-CLOUDY NIGHT
Though you don’t have to be a professional astronomer, You’re now aware that all stars appear to rotate counter-clockwise around the North
or astrologer, to enjoy the sky, it does help to know some of Star. But the night is a bit cloudy, with just a few stars visible here and there. How can you
the terminology used to describe the sky and the activities determine directions?
we see up there. From a fixed location, begin to observe the stars you can see. This could be a bit challeng-
For example, we all hear the word “zodiac,” and some- ing, because the clouds will continue to move. Still, if you can see certain stars, watch them
how, we’re pretty certain that it has something to do with to see the direction in which they are moving.
astrology and the horoscopes that you read in the comics If the stars appear to be rising, you are facing east. If the stars appear to be dropping in
section of the newspaper. the sky, you’re facing west. If you can mentally visualize all the stars, slowly rotating coun-
From our observation on Earth, the path that the sun and terclockwise around the North Star, this makes perfect sense.
moon follow in the sky, as well as the path of the principal If you’re looking in the southern sky, the stars will appear to be moving flatly to your right.
planets, is known as the ecliptic. This imaginary band in Looking to the north can be a little challenging. If you’re sighting above the North Star, the
the sky is 15 degrees high, and astronomers have divided it
into divisions, each 30 degrees wide. [30 degrees x the 12
signs of the Zodiac = 360 degrees, the complete circle.]
The center of this band is called the ecliptic by astrono-
mers. It is in this path that ancient people have noted and
charted constellations. Each of these divisions of the sky,
each 30-degree-wide division, is named for a constella-
tion, many of which are named for animals. Zodiac means
“circle of animals.”
If you were to extend an imaginary plane out into space
from the Earth’s equator, you have the celestial equator.
The ecliptic is not the same as the celestial equator. The
path of the ecliptic, the zodiacal belt, moves across the
celestial equator at an angle of 23.5 degrees.
Once you get to know the observed path of the sun and
the observed path of the moon in the area where you live,
you’ll have grasped a greater understanding of the night
sky. If you get to know the constellations along the ecliptic
– which rise in the east and set in the west – you will be
able to tell directions from those constellations.
‹ This is a view of how Cassiopeia might appear in the night sky. Clouds make nighttime
navigation more challenging.

“IF YOU’RE LOST AND YOU CAN
SEE ORION, YOU MIGHT BE
ABLE TO RE-ORIENT YOURSELF,
IN THE SAME WAY AS YOU
SHOULD BE ABLE TO RE-ORIENT
YOURSELF IF YOU SAW THE
SUN, WHICH RISES IN THE EAST,
AND SETS IN THE WEST.”
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‹ The night sky is not just a wonder to behold. It can be a guide for get-
ting around on Earth, if you know what to look for.
stars will appear to be moving flatly to your left. However, if the

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patch of stars you’re viewing lie under the North Star, their move-
ment will be a somewhat flat swing to your right.
americansurvivalguidemagazine
As long as you grasp the fact that all the stars appear to rotate
counterclockwise around the North Star, you’ll be able to look at instagram: ASGMAGAZINE
the movement of stars over the course of an hour or so and deter-
mine your cardinal directions. It’s not particularly complex, but it
works, and it might really help you if you’re confused.

PREPPER
Name: Wild Onions Uses

(Allium spp.) Wild onions are used as a flavoring for every food where you’d normally add onions,
All onions are members of the Allium genus, which are part of the onion chives, scallions and such. Add the greens to soups, salads, stews, MREs, stir-fries, egg
family. There are about 700 species of Allium worldwide. Some botanists still dishes and many others. The bulbs can be added to any cooked or raw dish.
categorize all onions as part of the larger lily family. PROCESSING: If you are using the bulbs, you will remove the outer layers and
then wash them to remove any dirt. If the bulbs are small, you can toss them into
Description salads or soups whole. If they are larger, you can slice them so they cook quickly.
If you can recognize a green onion in the supermarket, you can recognize a The greens can be pinched from the plant without uprooting the plant and can be
wild onion. There are hundreds of species of wild onions. They arise from a rinsed and then diced, then added to soups, salads, stews and other recipes.
small bulb underground. They all have hollow leaves that look like grass, and MEDICINE/NUTRITION: Garlic, onions, and by extension the entire Allium
they can be tiny like grass or as big as the green onions in the market. The genus have been extensively studied over the past several decades. Incorporating
flowers are clustered at the top of a stalk, and each flower has three petals and any of these in your diet, including wild onions, has been shown in numerous studies
three identical sepals, so it appears that the flowers have six petals. Each flow- to lower cholesterol levels, reduce high blood pressure and assist in preventing
er has six stamens and one pistil. The flower color ranges from white to pink to influenza.
darker hues. The unmistakable identifying feature is the aroma! If you have a OTHER USES: The fresh greens of any of the wild onions can be mashed up and
good sense of smell, you can identify a wild onion. If it looks like an onion but applied directly to wounds, as a field treatment to help prevent infections.
doesn’t have the aroma, just leave it alone!
Advice for Growing
Areas Found Any onions are incredibly simple for the beginning gardener to grow. They can be
Wild onions are found throughout North America in nearly every environment, grown from seed or from clusters. Wild onion roots multiply every year, and these can
including the desert, open fields and high-elevation meadows. be divided, and replanted so that each one continues to multiply. If you use only the
greens, you can have a perennial onion patch that will produce year after year.
When to Harvest/Availability
Though you can harvest the bulbs year-round, the plant is most obvious in the Cautions
spring and summer, when the leaves and then the flowers appear. The flower Eating excessive amounts of any Alliums – perhaps done when there were no other
stalk becomes fibrous with age and inedible. foods available – could cause stomach and intestinal pain. However, this is rarely an

issue when you consume the greens and bulbs in normal amounts.
‹ Below: The low-growing wild
The biggest concern when collecting from the wild is to be sure you have an onion and not onion Allium falcifolium in the
another member of the lily family that looks like a wild onion but isn’t. Remember, if it doesn’t field. Photo by Jean Pawek
have the obvious onion odor, don’t eat it, unless you know it to be an edible plant.
Recipes
THE SUN REFLECTS UPON THE LAKE
• 2 cups wild onion bulbs and leaves, fibrous parts removed
• 2 large potatoes, diced
• 2 hard-boiled eggs
• Butter
• Paprika
Simmer the potatoes and onions in a covered pot with minimal water until the potatoes are
cooked. Serve and then top with paprika and butter. Slice the eggs and add them to the side.
This makes an excellent dish served with trout.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN WINTER (CREAM OF ONION SOUP)

• 2 cups wild onion bulbs and leaves, chopped fine
• 4 cups water
• 3 tablespoons flour (you can use whole wheat, soy or potato flour)
• 2 cups milk
Clean and chop the onions, and cook in water. Blend the flour with the milk until there is a fine
consistency, then pour it in with the onions, stirring while you pour. Add the rest of the milk and
cook the soup at a low temperature for about 15 minutes. Serve with toast.
About ASG’s Plant Advisor

Christopher Nyerges has been teaching ethnobotany since 1974. He is the author of "Guide
to Wild Foods and Useful Plants" and other books on the uses of wild plants. Nyerges has
contributed many articles to American Survival Guide on a wide range of topics. He can be
reached at SCHOOLOFSELF-RELIANCE.COM.
› Far right: Wild onion showing entire plant,

including bulb. Photo by Rick Adams
› Near right: Wild onions are easy to

grow in a pot or in your yard. If you
pick only the greens, the roots will
multiply every year, and you will have
a perennial onion patch. Photo by
Christopher Nyerges
› Bottom right: These are wild onions,

Allium validum, in the field. Photo by
Jean Pawek

S
cientist, educator, survivalist, herbalist, safari guide and caring mother — these
are but a few of Nicole Apelian’s titles. But far more important than what she
does is what she carries with her deep inside, being a vibrant recipient of all
nature has to offer.
From an early age, Nicole has taken a path that few others would even begin
to contemplate, let alone follow. She worked as a field biologist in Botswana, as a game war-
den with the U.S. Peace Corps, tracked lions in Africa and spent years immersed in the lives of
the Sans Bushmen, a primitive tribe living in southern Africa.
Nicole also took on, not once, but twice, the most challenging outings of her lifetime, being a
contestant on the grueling television survival show "Alone." There, she spent week after week
securing food, purifying water, constructing shelter and many other basic tasks, all the while
keeping her mind focused during her entirely solo outdoor adventure.
Now, with a break from her overloaded schedule, Nicole shared with American Survival
Guide a deeper look into what keeps her passionate about nature, her time on "Alone," and
what she has planned for her adventuring future.
American Survival Guide: Your skills are numerous, but mostly involve some aspect of
life in the outdoors. Has the love of Mother Nature always been a big part of your life since
childhood, or was it something that developed later?
Nicole Apelian: I was a kid who was always outdoors, so yes, Mother Nature was always
a strong part of my life. As a child I had a lot of collections: shells, insects, stamps, coins; my
love of nature and travel has always been a part of me. My stepdad was a great mentor to me
and helped fuel my passion for the outdoors. He would come home early from work and we
would go canoeing or hiking, bringing our field guides and curiosity with us.
ASG: How have your fields of interest changed as you changed throughout the years?
NA: I am someone who likes to constantly be learning, so my fields of interest have shifted
as I ask new questions. When I became ill with multiple sclerosis 20 years ago, my questions
shifted to holistic wellness and herbalism. When I have a challenge of a new survival location
or a new TV show, I love the opportunity that a new environment may present. I used to
focus more on biology (my master’s is in biology) but have shifted more to ethnobotany and
cultural anthropology (which was my doctoral work). I also have shifted more into how to be
helpful and make a difference, and I am able to do that through teaching wilderness living
skills, nature connection and herbal apothecary.
ASG: As an educator and scientist, how important is it to guide young people today about
the wonder of the outdoors and all that it has to offer?
NA: It is superbly important. My mentors taught me a lot, and I need to pass their knowl-
edge and my accumulated knowledge to the next generations. Intergenerational knowledge
transmission is how knowledge has been passed on for thousands of years, and I believe
that it is our responsibility to continue this mode of learning. Plus, with the modern construct
of social media and the internet, time spent outside practicing traditional skills and nature
connection is what helps us be happy, joyful people. The importance of skills cannot be
underestimated! My kids have a huge love and respect for the outdoors, and my teenage son
spent this past summer teaching survival skills.
ASG: How did you add herbalist to your repertoire of skills? Did it start as simply dabbling in
the field or was it a passionate and determined destination?
NA: I’ve always had an interest in ethnobotany, but I started a more intense study of
plants, lichens and mushrooms after I was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. I turned to
natural ways of healing to help me get from bedbound with MS to the active person I am
‹ Nicole’s son receives a soothing,
today, and my intensive study of herbal medicine has healed not only me but many others medicinal salve from his caring mother.
as well. Photo courtesy of Shanna Gillette

TUNING IN TO
MOTHER NATURE
BENEFITS NICOLE
AND HER STUDENTS
BY MICHAEL D’ANGONA
NICOLE
APELIAN’S
LIFETIME OF
LEARNING
› Nicole with one
ASG: You spent some time in Africa, in- of her mentors
volved with lion research. How was that ben- in the Kalahari
Desert. They
eficial for them and rewarding for you? And are seen here
on that note, did you have any scary, close processing food
that they have
calls with the king of the African plains? gathered from the
land.
NA: I lived in a tent in the bush in Botswa-
na in the 1990s, studying African lions. Our
research focused on genetics, ecology and
disease of these large predators. Living in
the territory of lions, black mambas, cape
buffalos and more really tuned me in to bird
language, sensory awareness and tracking.
These are often considered the soft skills
but, in my opinion, they are some of the
most important. I have had a few close calls
and have changed a flat truck tire next to
lions many times. That said, bird language › Nicole and
the Ju/’hoansi
and awareness were my closest friends out Bushmen
there and are what kept me alive while living working on an
ethnobotanical
in places where I was a part of the food web. field guide of San
Bushmen plant
uses.
ASG: You were a challenger on the second
season of "Alone" (and again on Season 5),
on the History Channel. What drove you to
try out for the show, and how did you feel
when you heard the news that you were
chosen?
NA: The show contacted me — I didn’t

search them out. I said no to Season 1, and
when they came back and asked me to be on › Bottom left: After
spending 57 days
Season 2, I then submitted a video appli- in the wilderness
cation after my Skype interview. I was both on "Alone," Nicole
realized that
excited and nervous when I heard I’d been she wanted to
chosen for "Alone." One thing I love about make her home environment and get a lot more dirt time when out on that land. This adds to my breadth of
in nature. She
being offered a challenge such as "Alone" moved her family
skills and expands my knowledge base … and since I love to learn, I find these new challenges
is the opportunity for learning. Each time to Southwest to be a lot of fun.
Washington.
I am thrust into a new landscape with its Photo by Nicole
distinct set of rules, I study about that new Apelian ASG: After your initial joy of earning a spot on the show, did reality set in and you had some
‹ Near left: Nicole,

behind the scenes with
Debra Granik (director of
"Winter‘s Bone" and
Leave No Trace"),
working on an outdoor
scene during the filming
of "Leave No Trace."

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› Right: Tanning the
skin of a cross fox
is one more skill in
Nicole’s extensive
repertoire.
fears or doubts about your decision to take on the challenge? NA: I do. Most people don’t spend much ‹ Above: Never
underestimate the
time alone without the fallback of their cell amount of firewood
NA: I did, so I tested myself and practiced various skills as much as I could before I went out. phone or social media. I think it’s a great ex- that you may need.
Here, Nicole batons
For example, I would put cedar bark in water before I went to bed and then make myself work ercise to spend even a week solo. When you some wood and
the bark the next morning until I could spark it with a ferro rod. I practiced new knots until are alone living off the land with only your adds to her supply.
they were second nature, and I worked even harder on my primitive trapping techniques. I own company, you really get a chance to
actually found Season 2 (where Nicole stayed for 57 days) to be easier than I thought it would examine your priorities and your life. People
be. I thoroughly enjoyed my time on Vancouver Island. go on four-day solo trips and have cathartic
life changes. Translate that to 57 days solo
ASG: Do you feel viewers underestimate what it really feels like to be in a strange environ- and see what creeps up. One of the great les-
ment virtually without any other human contact? sons I learned is that I did indeed have peace
and joy in my heart. I did shift some things in
my life after returning though, like moving to
the woods of Southwest Washington with
my kids.
ASG: To expand on that, it’s been said that

keeping yourself active during your challenge
will help keep your mind from drifting to
people and events back home. Did you find
this to be true, and if so, how did you stay
active throughout the day?
NA: I am actually OK being alone with only

my own thoughts for company. That said,
I didn’t really feel alone out there. I had a
huge connection to the wildlife around me
— especially the bears, the pair of kingfish-
ers who lived at my site, and the mink that ‹ Left: Knowing what
plants are edible in
slowly got used to me. I did like to keep my the wild is crucial
hands active, so I made a lot of baskets for Nicole’s ability to
keep her stomach full
out there. It is a calorie game though, so and body healthy.

‹ Left: Nicole teaching while there was always more to do (adding
basic survival shelter
skills to a group of more debris to the shelter or cutting more
students. firewood), I was careful with my expended
energy. Basketmaking was a low-calorie way
to stay focused. Plus … I needed some useful
containers out there.
ASG: You were seen collecting wild plants

throughout your stay on Vancouver Island
and in Northern Mongolia. How valuable
was this skill for you to get sustenance from
native plants?
NA: My plant knowledge was a real key

to my staying healthy and well-fed. I had a
pretty varied diet (eating 26 species of food
while on Vancouver Island) and felt pretty
darn good while out there even toward the
end of my stay. I also was able to heal a
nasty cut (Nicole cut her knuckle off on Day
43 while gutting a fish) using yarrow I had
collected before the frost and Usnea lichen.
Without that knowledge of medicinal plants,
I probably would have gotten an infection.
Knowing the plants in both locations also
gave me access to a source of carbohydrates,
which you can’t get from just eating animals.
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VARIED
VITTLES
Nicole’s survival menu was much more diverse than you may
know. Although fish and some small game have been highly
featured on the television show "Alone," the truth is that Nicole
ate a wide diversity of plant, animal and insect species while out
in the wild — some of which you may recognize while others are
unfamiliar and downright mysterious. Check out this list illustrat-
ing Nicole’s takeout menu.
Admiral boletes (mushroom) Macrocystis (giant kelp)

Banana slugs Marine isopods (crustaceans)
Blenny eels Mossy chitons (mollusks)
Chanterelles (fungi) Nereocystis (bullwhip kelp)
Chum salmon Plantain leaves and seeds
Enteromorpha (sea lettuce) Red rock crabs
Fucus (rockweed) Salal berries
Hemlock tree cambium Salicornia (sea asparagus)
Huckleberries Silverweed roots
Kelp bass Spiny dogfish
King boletes (mushroom) Spiny wood fern roots › Rolling cordage that will provide Nicole with numerous uses during her outdoor adventures.
Licorice fern roots Spruce needle tips
Limpets (snails) Yarrow wildlife that could eat you. But when you’re alone, you have to be careful not to let fear
creep in. You don’t have a person to turn to and say, “Did you hear that?” It’s always more
comforting to be with someone else. If fear creeps in, then you can be done for, so I simply
didn’t let it get a hold of me.
ASG: Did you have a better understanding of yourself, whether coming to grips with your
limitations or conversely, finding strengths that you didn’t think you had, after each of your
two "Alone" challenges?
NA: Absolutely. When I came back from Season 2 of "Alone," I’d been on Vancouver Island
for 57 days, totally unwired, literally living on and surviving off the land around me. The
question I got most was, “What was the hardest part of your journey?” People expected me
to reply that being alone was the hardest part, or being hungry, or missing my kids. But the
hardest part of my journey was the transition back to Western society. Once back, I had to
figure out how to change my life so that I wasn’t stuck in fight-or-flight mode. My kids and I
moved to the woods, where I can step outside into nature every single day. It’s what I need to
thrive on a daily basis. Nature connection is key for both my physical and mental health.
ASG: What advice would you give to a person who just filled out their "Alone" application
and hopes to be chosen? And what additional advice would you give if they did indeed land a
spot on the show?
ASG: An "Alone" challenger may be skilled ‹ Nicole roasts a
plump and juicy
in survival and have plenty of supplies and slug over a fire for a NA: I would recommend that, both in their application and on the show, to simply be them-
gear, but in reality, how scary is it being alone quick snack. Photo selves. Don’t try and pretend to be something else.
by Nicole Apelian
throughout the night with only a tarp or
a few branches between you and the wild ASG: What is your current project or goal? And will we see you on television anytime soon?
animals wandering about?
NA: You will! I am working on a new documentary series on the Stone Age. I can’t say which
NA: Well … I’ve been working in Botswana channel yet due to my NDA (non-disclosure agreement), but I am continuing to work in TV
since 1995 (Nicole still works there to this and film. I also have two new books out. One is a reference guide to nature (wildlife, gear and
day), so I am pretty used to being around first aid) and the other is “The Lost Book of Herbal Remedies: The Power of Plant Medicine,”

e P r i c i n g!
Vintag
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› As an which is a very thorough medicinal plant, lichen and mushroom guide. I enjoy writing,
ethnobotanist, Nicole
studies a population's
teaching skills and working in wellness through my apothecary and plan on continuing
traditional knowledge this work. I also work closely with a community of San Bushmen in the Kalahari Desert
and customs
regarding their
and will continue and expand my work with them as well.
plants and the plants'
medical, religious,
and other uses. Photo
Courtesy of Quinn
ASG: Where do you see yourself in the next five years? The next 15 years?
45LC/.410 $
3 inch barrel 299
Apelian Rasmussen
NA: Who knows?! I love how varied my life has been and welcome new interests and
ideas. I would like to expand my work in film (Nicole was the survival skills consultant
on last year’s movie “Leave No Trace,” which received a score of 100 percent on the
review site Rotten Tomatoes) and continue my work in natural health and wellness,
especially as it relates to people with autoimmune issues.
ASG: Looking outside yourself, using only three words, how would you describe Nicole
Apelian?
MADE IN For more information or a
TEXAS BY free brochure, call 817-573-4445
TEXANS.
NA: Smart, kind and joyful. or go to BondArms.com
2020 IS HERE.
PREPARE TO GIRD UP YOUR LOINS
Y
BY MIKE MCCOURT
es, 2020 is upon us and with it may come some of the most think elections have been spectacles in the past, hold onto your hat for
uncomfortable times of our lives- it’s a presidential election this one! I wonder how much more stress the temperament of our country
year that is likely to have few rivals. can stand before something, or someone snaps and we witness significant
As I peer into my cloudy and cracked crystal ball, well upheaval and conflict in the streets. If it happens, would it be concentrated in
before the new year starts, I am hard-pressed to understand the urban centers, as has typically been the case in the past, or will this result
the things I think I might see this year, and I’m wondering what I can do now in skirmishes that affect even medium and small towns?
to prepare for the sights, sounds and events we soon may witness. Musing on, I wonder, if we throw in the wildcard of outside interference with
In my opinion, the political and social landscape of the United States of our elections, insidious and manipulative social media campaigns and other
America in 2020 may well be something we have never seen before… in our types of support directed toward elements that desire to subvert our political
country, at any rate. system, how far and fast can this go and how dangerous could it become?
With the political environment leading up to the election heating up on a I suspect that many of our readers are imagining similar scenarios when
weekly, if not daily basis, the big question is whether we are ready for the they survey the landscape and try to imagine what awaits over the horizon
possible threats to our safety and security that may arise if attitudes and as they fine-tune their prepping plans for the coming year. The theoretical
actions get out of hand. setting above may not qualify as a true widespread worst-case scenario, but
As I write this, some members of Congress are building their case for the it could amount to such in pockets around the country. If you’re located in
impeachment of the incumbent President. If this goes forward, (remember, an affected area, it could be a difficult situation to deal with, especially if
my crystal ball is cloudy) this wouldn’t be the first time that this process extraordinary security measures need to be implemented and enforced.
has been initiated against a U.S. President. In fact, it would be the third, If you’re not thinking about what you might have to deal with and how you
and just the second time for an incumbent President. The first was Andrew will respond, you might consider starting the process now, beginning with
Johnson, Abraham Lincoln’s successor, and that was during an exceptionally watching your trusted news sources more closely. If a storm is coming, it
stressful period of our history. Most readers remember that the second was might be likely to increase in strength and lethality when the weather warms
William J. Clinton, although the political and social climates in 1998 were up and as the countdown to Election Day winds down.
not as unsettled as they are now and he wasn’t running for re-election at And, if nothing like the above comes to pass, as I sincerely hope, this will
the time. have been a useful and interesting exercise that we will be able to learn from.
Putting aside the eventual outcome of those efforts, I’m concerned about Remember, as Benjamin Franklin said, “An ounce of prevention is worth a
what this will do to our increasingly fractured societal landscape. If you pound of cure”.
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What are some of the featured articles in this issue?

What are some of the featured articles in this issue?

What does the editor discuss regarding knowledge vs gear?

What does the editor discuss regarding knowledge vs gear?

How-to: Foraging for Fruits and Nuts

S TO PLOT YOUR PATH

4 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

Some articles in this issue might

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 5

6 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

8 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 9

10 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 11

12 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 13

14 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT

‹ Left: Urban areas offer

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 15

› Right: The M10x

I’m always amazed by the ingenuity of

16 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

MIX AND MATCH

of potential issues, and knowing how to

WHEN SIZE MATTERS

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 17

› Far right, top: With a To add to that, Chiappa makes a single

18 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

Family First Aid Kit 4 DVD

*ALL OUR KITS ARE

Doom and Bloom Medical and Alton First Aid are

ALTERNATIVE ALTERNATIVES Century Arms Lee Armory Savage

CONCLUSION H&R Pardner Marlin Firearms Weatherby

20 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

22 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

OUT OF THE BOX

was introduced to White River Knife › Right, top: The

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 23

White River Knife and Tool

› Near right: The

24 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

› The Firecraft FC5 can be had

“…WHITE RIVER THOUGHT TO INCLUDE THIS DIVOT ON THE

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 25

‹ Left: The brilliant orange handle of the

26 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 27

› Below left: The

28 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

‹ Near left: The

30 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

• Be prepared for minor cuts,

isit ZIPSTITCH.US and enter code

32 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

“HAWAII RELIED UPON OIL FOR 67.3

[ASGMAG.COM] AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE 33

nomics, environment and climate. In this

34 AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE [JANUARY 2020]

‹ Far left: This