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    UPW

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    G Venkata Nagesh Kumar
    In 3 sentences: The document discusses uniform plane waves in different mediums including free space, perfect dielectrics, and conductors. It explains that at higher frequencies, electric current in a conductor prefers to flow along the surface rather than uniformly through the material, with a depth known as the skin depth that decreases with increasing frequency. Images show the difference between low-frequency current flowing uniformly through a copper wire versus radio-frequency current concentrated on the surface.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    UPW

    Uploaded by

    G Venkata Nagesh Kumar
    68 views24 pages
    In 3 sentences: The document discusses uniform plane waves in different mediums including free space, perfect dielectrics, and conductors. It explains that at higher frequencies, electric current in a conductor prefers to flow along the surface rather than uniformly through the material, with a depth known as the skin depth that decreases with increasing frequency. Images show the difference between low-frequency current flowing uniformly through a copper wire versus radio-frequency current concentrated on the surface.

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    UPW

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    In 3 sentences: The document discusses uniform plane waves in different mediums including free space, perfect dielectrics, and conductors. It explains that at higher frequencies, electric current in a conductor prefers to flow along the surface rather than uniformly through the material, with a depth known as the skin depth that decreases with increasing frequency. Images show the difference between low-frequency current flowing uniformly through a copper wire versus radio-frequency current concentrated on the surface.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views24 pages

    UPW

    Uploaded by

    G Venkata Nagesh Kumar
    In 3 sentences: The document discusses uniform plane waves in different mediums including free space, perfect dielectrics, and conductors. It explains that at higher frequencies, electric current in a conductor prefers to flow along the surface rather than uniformly through the material, with a depth known as the skin depth that decreases with increasing frequency. Images show the difference between low-frequency current flowing uniformly through a copper wire versus radio-frequency current concentrated on the surface.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    Uniform Plane Wave in Free Space

    Uniform Plane Wave in Perfect dielectric


    Uniform Plane Wave in Conductor
    • Skin Depth is a measure of how closely
    electric current flows along the surface of a
    material.
    • At d.c. (0 Hz or a constant voltage), electric
    current flows uniformly through a conductor.
    • This means the current density is the same
    everywhere.
    • However, at higher frequencies, the current
    prefers to flow along the surface, producing
    surface current.
    • Skin depth decreases with higher frequency.
    • A copper conductor with an electric current flowing through
    it.
    • On the left, we have the current distribution for low
    frequencies (i.e. DC or 0 Hz) - the current flows uniformly
    through the wire's cross section.
    • On the right, we have the current distribution for the RF (radio
    frequency) case (that is, for wires as small as 0.1mm in
    diameter and frequencies as low as 10 MHz.
    • The right side shows that the electric current only flows along
    the surface, and the in the center of the wire no RF electric
    current flows:

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