Bharat Net Phase 2

PLANNING FOR
BharatNet PHASE 2
September 2016
Contributors:
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay
Prof Abhay Karandikar
Prof Prasanna Chaporkar
Dr Sarbani Banerjee Belur
Mahak Arora
Jaspreet Singh
Vinooth Kulkarni
Annapurna
Vivek Yogi
Arindam Bhattacharyya
Meghna Khaturia
Shubham Saha
Akshay Bajpai
September 2016
Prepared by
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
for
Bharat Broadband Nigam Limited

Executive Summary
BharatNet is a project envisioned by the Government of India to digitally connect all the Gram
Panchayats (GPs) and Villages of India. In order to achieve the target in the stipulated time, it
is necessary to exploit various wired and wireless technologies and design a network topology.
The IIT Bombay BharatNet planning tool has been designed and enhanced for its functionality
in order to generate fibre route along with wireless links as well as its feasibility for
connectivity of Phase 2 GPs of BharatNet project. The tool takes into account the road data
of India that facilitates fibre planning along the road based on GPON architecture. The tool
also takes inputs of the Optical Line Terminators (OLTs) present in each block for
determining the fibre route from block headquarters to the GPs in the block. The GPs which
are not connected through fibre, are then considered for alternate technologies such as 5.8
GHz Wi-Fi technology and satellite.
A thorough fibre link feasibility and wireless link feasibility is undertaken to design a feasible
and stable network of fibre and wireless links. Various assumptions have been made for
feasibility tests and network topology design.
Based on the new assumptions mentioned in Chapter 8, following is the Pan-India fibre and wireless summary of the results.
Number of Number of Number of Number of Wireless Wireless Total number of Total Fibre Total Fibre
Satellite
State Name GPs in existing BSNL OLTs as per ONTs as per from Phase from BSNL GPs which are Route Length length
Recommendation
Phase 2 Towers IITB design IITB design 1 GP Towers not connected (km) (km)
ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ANDHRA PRADESH 19303 3065 996 14655 3 4557 42 46 56476.27 63366.37
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH 924 86 85 595 26 139 117 47 2972.81 3335.493
ASSAM 33 91 5 7 2 24 0 0 50 56.1
BIHAR 1326 668 98 975 97 239 7 8 4591.78 5151.977
CHANDIGARH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CHHATTISGARH 5211 954 105 3596 76 1165 131 243 13248.23 14864.51
DADRA AND
NAGAR HAVELI 11 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 66 74.052
DAMAN & DIU 15 0 2 15 0 0 0 0 48 53.856
GOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GUJARAT 7942 1946 169 5513 1 2187 32 209 22092.53 24787.82
HARYANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
HIMACHAL
PRADESH 2888 474 73 1776 16 737 11 348 8777.42 9848.265
JAMMU & KASHMIR 1807 185 53 1209 39 280 136 143 3180.64 3568.678
JHARKHAND 2545 1058 163 1871 0 582 37 55 9130.54 10244.47
KARNATAKA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
KERALA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LAKSHADWEEP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MADHYA PRADESH 6197 2053 85 3393 133 2171 26 474 13449.55 15090.4
MAHARASHTRA 7815 2387 167 6528 108 961 24 194 24082.02 27020.03
MANIPUR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MEGHALAYA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MIZORAM 438 33 21 274 7 11 17 129 1863.34 2090.667
NAGALAND 249 140 16 95 27 101 20 6 607 681.054
Satellite
Recommendation
NCT OF DELHI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ODISHA 2328 891 142 1503 0 735 67 23 10481.11 11759.81
PUDUCHERRY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PUNJAB 6469 2039 77 3745 262 2455 0 7 10564.01 11852.82
RAJASTHAN 2069 2235 104 1240 105 603 1 120 10769.82 12083.74
SIKKIM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TAMIL NADU 7982 3599 232 5823 0 2080 0 79 19476.92 21853.1
TRIPURA 19 117 5 6 0 13 0 0 32 35.904
UTTAR PRADESH 33653 2696 338 23824 1315 7014 69 1431 39511.39 44331.78
UTTARAKHAND 5735 743 116 4525 98 634 150 328 15117.1 16961.39
WEST BENGAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 114959 25460 3053 81179 2315 26688 887 3890 266588.48 299112.3
UNPROCESSED GPs 35041 - - - - - - - 140164 157264

GRAND TOTAL 150000 25460 3053 81179 2315 26688 887 3890 406752.5 456376.3
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Overview of BharatNet Phase 2 ........................................................................... 3
1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3
1.2. Planning Objectives .................................................................................................... 4
1.3. IIT Bombay BharatNet Planning Tool......................................................................... 4
Chapter 2 IITB BharatNet Planning Tool ............................................................................... 5
2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2. Features ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.3. Advantages ................................................................................................................. 5
2.4. Limitations .................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 3 Design Methodology ............................................................................................ 7
3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 7
3.2. Design parameters and its features ........................................................................... 7
Chapter 4 Wireless Technology Choice and Constraints ...................................................... 9
4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 9
4.2. Technology Choice ...................................................................................................... 9
4.3. Deciding Topology Constraints ................................................................................ 11
4.4. Power Availability..................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 5 Wireless Link Feasibility ..................................................................................... 14
5.1. Estimation of Throughput ........................................................................................ 14
5.1.1. Methodology for obtaining GP Population .......................................................... 14
5.1.2. Calculating throughput based on the population................................................ 14
5.2. Determining the Distance based Link Feasibility .................................................... 15
5.3. RF Planning, Tower Heights and Achievable Throughputs ..................................... 15
5.3.1. Obtaining terrain data .......................................................................................... 16
5.3.2. Calculating received signal strength..................................................................... 16
5.3.2.1. Free space path loss .......................................................................................... 16
5.3.2.2. Fresnel zones ..................................................................................................... 17
5.3.2.3. Deciding tower heights ..................................................................................... 19
5.3.3. Translating Received Signal Power to achievable throughput ........................... 19
5.3.4. Algorithm involving RF planning calculations ...................................................... 20
5.3.4.1. Inputs ................................................................................................................. 20
5.3.4.2. Assumptions ...................................................................................................... 20
5.3.4.3. Link Feasibility Code Details ............................................................................. 20
5.3.4.4. Output................................................................................................................ 21
5.3.5. Flowchart of Wireless Link feasibility .................................................................. 22
Chapter 6 Fibre Link Feasibility and Planning ..................................................................... 23
6.1. GPON architecture .................................................................................................... 23
6.2. Power Link Budget .................................................................................................... 24
6.3. Estimating the fibre distance ................................................................................... 25
6.3.1. Algorithm involving Fibre route planning ............................................................ 27
6.3.1.1. Inputs ................................................................................................................. 27
6.3.1.2. Processing .......................................................................................................... 27
6.3.1.3. Output................................................................................................................ 27
6.3.2. Flowchart of Fibre Route Planning ....................................................................... 28
Chapter 7 Results and Conclusion ...................................................................................... 31
7.1. Summary of all fibre network .................................................................................. 31
7.2. Summary of fibre and wireless network ................................................................. 32
7.3. State-wise output of all fibre network .................................................................... 33
7.4. State-wise output of fibre and wireless network ................................................... 52
Chapter 8 Modified Fibre Route Planning .......................................................................... 81
8.1. Assumptions ............................................................................................................. 81
8.2. Algorithm involving Fibre route planning with new assumptions ......................... 81
8.2.1. Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 81
8.2.2. Processing.............................................................................................................. 82
8.3. Plot of fibre and wireless network on MapInfo Pro................................................ 85
Table of figures ........................................................................................................................ 88
References ............................................................................................................................... 88
Chapter 1
Overview of BharatNet Phase 2
1.1. Introduction
India has a very large rural-urban digital divide. While urban India is almost completely covered
both through voice and internet, rural India still suffers from inadequate connectivity with
approximately 50,000 villages which do not even have voice connectivity. Rural India has
2,50,000 village offices named as Gram Panchayats. Each Gram Panchayat serves roughly about
2.56 villages on an average thus totalling approximately 6,40,000 villages. Connectivity in urban
India is mostly provided by private entities. For these private operators, there is little incentive
in extending their network to the rural areas mainly on account of factors such as (i) need to
cover a large area with low population density, thus limiting their return on investments (ii)
high capital investments for setting up the infrastructure and (iii) high operational costs for
mainly security and power. Hence, bridging the digital divide needs to be an initiative by the
government as internet connectivity can play a significant role not only in making
administration efficient and transparent but also in generating employment and rapid
dissemination of information.
The Government of India has been very ambitious about bridging this digital divide. The
BharatNet (formerly National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN)) has been one such digital plan
of the Government of India that aims to digitally connect all of India's villages and Gram
Panchayats by broadband Internet connectivity. According to this plan, by the year 2019, it
has been envisaged that all two lakh fifty thousand Gram Panchayats in India will enjoy
broadband connectivity. Within BharatNet, which is being implemented in two phases, point
of presence (PoP) with optical connectivity at all Gram Panchayat (GP) will be provided by
2019. This will enable key services like administration, education, health, banking and
agriculture in becoming efficient and transparent. It is also proposed to provide Gram
Panchayat kiosks for rural India to access the internet. Further, connectivity to individual
households is expected to be established by local players under enabling employment and
entrepreneurship options for village youth.
For the success of BharatNet project in the desired time frame and its sustainability over a
long period of time, careful planning of the network by understanding various trade-offs is
essential. The technologies that can be considered for connecting the GPs include
underground/overhead fibre optic cables, wireless in unlicensed bands and satellite
connections. Connectivity using optical fibre provides high bandwidth, low maintenance and
a scalable network. However, the downside of it is that, deployment of fibre optic network
may be time consuming on account of various requirements for laying cables. Comparatively,
deploying wireless links can be used to increase deployment speed, but they may need
maintenance periodically and careful planning to account for factors that include redundancy,
terrain, weather conditions and interference. In addition to easy deployment, wireless links
can be made self-sustaining with the use of renewable energy sources. This is useful in areas
where power availability is unreliable. Satellite connections can also be used to connect
locations that are difficult to reach using both optical fibres and wireless. However, it is worth
noting that satellite resource is scarce and expensive, and it should be proposed as the last
resort.
Our aim is to explore all the above technologies, their respective advantages and limitations,
and propose a network topology that can be deployed within the prescribed time-frame that
meets the throughput requirements of individual Gram Panchayats.
1.2. Planning Objectives

Out of two lakh fifty thousand Gram Panchayats (GPs), one lakh GPs are expected to be
connected with fibre in Phase-I of BharatNet by March 2016 [1].The remaining one lakh fifty
thousand GPs is to be connected in the Phase 2 of the project. The aim of this project is to
provide Internet connectivity infrastructure to one lakh fifty thousand Gram Panchayats for
which there has been no planning done as yet. It is also termed as backhaul planning. The
backhaul network has high bandwidth requirements. Thus, the technology in designing the
backhaul network should support the same.
The broad objective of this report is to provide backhaul planning for one lakh fifty thousand
Gram Panchayats.
The key steps are:
Design topology to decide which of the GPs should be fibre connected and which can
be connected via wireless,
Propose the design parameters for the wireless links like tower heights, transmit
power, antenna parameters etc.
Establish the reliability of the proposed fibre and wireless links,
Ensure that the throughput requirement at each GP is met,
To estimate bill of quantity for fibre and wireless links enabling further creation of bill
of materials.
1.3. IIT Bombay BharatNet Planning Tool

In order to design Phase 2 of BharatNet project, a planning tool is extremely important. Tools
for comparing various options are not commercially available or need to be customized for
specific objectives of BharatNet. The IIT Bombay BharatNet Planning tool has been designed
by IIT Bombay which will decide the technology and the optimum network topology on the
basis of distance, terrain and population. This tool will propose fibre topology for GP along
with wireless and satellite links where necessary.
Chapter 2
IITB BharatNet Planning Tool
2.1. Introduction
IITB BharatNet Planning Tool has been designed with an objective to present technologically
feasible and sustainable network topology to connect Phase 2 GPs fulfilling the throughput
requirement based on population of each GP of India. This tool takes into account various
technologies such as optical fibre and wireless technologies for the topology planning.
2.2. Features
The tool primarily features the following:
1. Throughput requirement calculations

For each GP, the tool obtains its population from the census data by
considering the populations for the GP village and the villages associated with
the GP. From the population, the tool computes the throughput requirements
for each GP. The throughput requirements are being used for planning both
fibre and optical links.
2. Fibre and Wireless Link Feasibility test and reliability test
The tool checks link feasibility of both fibre and wireless links, based on GP to
GP route length, terrain profile, maximum tower height, population and
throughput demand of a GP. The reliability for wireless links is ensured by
making sure that enough fade margin is accounted for to compensate potential
losses due to various factors such as shadowing, equipment installation and
weather conditions.
3. Frequency Reuse Planning
To avoid interference among wireless links, frequency reuse planning has been
carried out. In 5.8 GHz frequency band, there are 8 channels of 80MHz
bandwidth. These channels can be used for data transmission in a region with
no or minimal interference. Other physical solutions that are considered in the
tool includes use of directional antenna and positioning the antennas at
different altitudes on a tower to avoid interference.
2.3. Advantages
The tool can plan at any level of aggregation, e.g. at block level, district level, state level
etc.
Many key design parameters can be given as input and various scenarios can be developed,
e.g. maximum route length, distance between first and last ONTs, frequency band to be
used for the wireless links, maximum tower height allowed, average transmit power etc.
Tool can be used for online planning, i.e., if during the physical site survey certain proposed
link cannot be formed, then the tool can suggest alternate wireless links that are feasible.
Similarly, during fibre planning phase it is discovered that it is convenient to connect only
the certain GPs using fibre, then tool can propose a wireless topology to connect the
remaining from these.
2.4. Limitations
The tool heavily depends on the data provided to it. Accuracy of the data has a great
influence on the accuracy of the tool output. For example, if the terrain data is not correct,
then the link feasibility may result in erroneous prediction. Similarly, the error in GP
locations can have impact on the final calculations.
Chapter 3
Design Methodology
3.1. Introduction
The design methodology refers to the development of a system by forming a comprehensive
set of specific engineering rules, methods, and procedures along with design parameters.
3.2. Design parameters and its features

Based on the approach, various design parameters that are needed to be determined and
quantified are as follows:
Throughput requirement
We determine what would be the throughput requirement at each GP. This depends
on the population size of the GP, contention ratio, an average number of members in
a household and minimum throughput requirement per household. Estimation of
throughput requirement is taken as an input parameter for link feasibility analysis of
wireless links.
Recommendation for technology
Wired and wireless technologies have been taken into account for internet
connectivity across GPs. In Phase 1 of BharatNet Planning, fibre laying was the
important agenda for connecting GPs. However, fibre deployment has a number of
issues associated with it. Laying fibre in difficult terrain is not only time-consuming but
also increases the capital investment. Wireless technologies, which can be taken as an
alternative of fibre, includes licensed and unlicensed systems. Each technology has its
advantages and limitations which helps in selecting most appropriate one for the
present scenario.
Maximum length of a fibre and wireless link
The maximum length of route is (along the road) from OLT to any GP considered to
be 50km.
The length of a wireless link depends on the required and the received SNR. The
received SNR should be greater than the required SNR by a substantial margin so as
to account for the losses due to free space path, cable/connector or shadowing. The
longer the link, the smaller the SNR at the receiver end.
Backhaul/Fibre point of presence
Every wireless link requires a fibre point of presence as backhaul. In IITB BharatNet
Planning tool, the block headquarters and Phase 1 GPs are considered as fibre point
of presence from where the wired and wireless links grow.
Bill of Quantities
Bill of Quantities is an itemized list of materials and equipments required for estimating
the total expenditure of the project. It includes both wired and wireless components.
Following questions can be answered to determine the key design parameters considered for
planning tool.
What is the throughput requirement at each GP?
What is the maximum allowable length of the wired and wireless link?
How many GPs can be connected from point of origination of the link? How many
hops can the wireless network have?
What should be the criteria adopted for satellite connectivity?
Each of these questions is discussed in detail in the following chapters.

Chapter 4
Wireless Technology Choice and Constraints
4.1. Introduction
Determining the maximum wireless link length is a challenging problem as it depends on the
devices used at both ends for communication.
In order to ensure scalability and fast deployment, technologies that have a high spectral
efficiency and an ability to handle long distance communication are needed to be considered.
These also need to be matured technologies as opposed to experimental ones. Moreover,
these devices should be readily and easily available in India at reasonable price.
4.2. Technology Choice

Various Licensed and Unlicensed wireless technologies can be used to provide Internet in
rural environment. As per the current scope of the design, only unlicensed frequency band of
2.4 GHz or 5 GHz has been considered. The 2.4 GHz band is a more popular choice for
hotspots and indoor networks hence it is more prone to interference.
Furthermore, 5 GHz frequency can easily propagate up to 25 km and provides high throughput
of around 200 Mbps for Point-to-Point (PtP) links and 30 Mbps for 5 GPs in Point-to-
MultiPoint (PtMP) links as mentioned in the table below (Reference: Report of the Committee on
NOFN). IIT Bombay has tested 802.11ac devices in P2P configuration and experimental results
have shown a throughput of 110 Mbps over a link of about 7.2 Km in rural environment.
Table 1: Features of Unlicensed Band Radio Spectrum Backhaul

Courtesy: Report of the Committee on NOFN 2015
Key factors Features of Unlicensed Band Radio Spectrum Backhaul

Service Point-to-point, Multipoint-to-Point and Multipoint-to-Multipoint
Backhaul
Spectrum 5.48 GHz (unlicensed spectrum)

Capacity P2MP of 150 Mbps (i.e. 5GPs of 30 Mbps each), or
P2P of 200 Mbps
Reach P2MP: up to 6 km; P2P: up to 25 km
Performance Medium due to possibilities of spectrum interference.
Maintenance Maintenance costs are higher than optical fibre.

Physical Infrastructure Towers Mast at Block and GP lower than that required for Licensed
requirements Band Radio network due to better propagation characteristics of
spectrum.
GP Pole: 9 m
Block Mast: 20 m.
Power requirements 8.5 W
Architecture All outdoor; no rack space required; powered over Ethernet
Cost Rs 1.1 lakhs per hop
The following table demonstrates the maximum distance covered corresponding to the
various Physical data rates available in IEEE 802.11ac, assuming a flat terrain without any
obstruction. Here, 20 dB fade margin has been provisioned to account for factors that include
shadowing, losses due to inaccuracy in installation and rain. Since line of sight links are
considered in the rural environment, losses due to shadowing are expected to be minimal, at
any given point.
Data rate for 80 MHz channel for 802.11ac devices

Noise: -100 dB, Desired fade Margin: 20 dB and transmit power: 4W
Table 2: Data rate for 80 MHz channel for 802.11ac devices
Data rate (Mbps) Sensitivity (dB) Required SNR (dB) at receiver Distance (km)
390 -65 55 0.82

351 -69 51 1.30
292.5 -74 46 2.31
263.3 -77 43 3.27
234 -83 37 6.52
175.5 -86 34 9.20
117 -90 30 14.59
87.8 -92 28 18.37
58.5 -95 25 25.94
29.3 -96 24 29.11
Graph 1 : Graph showing distance versus data rate for 80MHz channel
Note: - The graph plotted above illustrates that the Physical data rates of around 175 Mbps can be
achieved for a distance of up to 9 km. However, on account of various losses at MAC layer and above
(as high as 40%), throughput for 9 km can be expected to be over 100 Mbps. It has been
experimentally confirmed that 100 Mbps throughput can actually be achieved on a link of 7.2 km.
Hence, in the design, the links have maximum allowable length as 5-7 km.
4.3. Deciding Topology Constraints
It is notable that communication in 5.8 GHz band requires line of sight (LoS) links. To establish
a LoS, antennas should be positioned high on towers. Types and structural complexities of
tower are out of scope of this report. However, the height of the towers to be used for
wireless connectivity has been restricted to 3m, 6m, 9m and 15m respectively. Towers of
height below 9m can be rooftop or wall mounted structures on GP building and 9m towers
can be ground rooted pole structures. The 15m towers can be erected near GP office.
It is worth considering that the cost, construction time and space requirement increases
exponentially with an increase in tower height. Thus the tool design strives to reduce the
tower height as much as possible. The existing BSNL towers can be also utilised to restrict
the expenditure on towers. After the GPs are connected with fibre, the existing towers can
potentially be used to connect villages in the GP wirelessly.
The next step is to determine the number of links to be formed from the fibre point of
presence.
It is proposed to use highly directional antennas (beam width of the order of 20 degrees) as
they can establish long distance links with transmit power within regulatory constraints.
However, significant interference can be caused by the side lobes of the directional antenna
to the links in close vicinity. To avoid interference, it is recommended to make at most three
links from fibre PoP and appropriately position antennas (depending on radiation pattern) at
different heights on a tower. The above discussed parameter is heuristic and can be revisited
upon further detailed experimental investigations.
The number of GPs connected by forming 3 links from a fibre PoP is minimal. Considering the
scenario, a multi-hop network can be a feature of the network architecture to connect more
GPs wirelessly. However, multi-hops network has its own drawbacks including increased
delay, decreased throughput in each hop and reduction in reliability. Therefore, the current
architecture design is limited to single hop networks.
Summary of design constraints are as follows:
Tower height at any GP should not be more than 15m,

No tower should have more than 3 antennas (3 links),
Single hop network is to be established,
Required throughput requirements must be met on each link.
4.4. Power Availability

According to the progress report of village electrification as on May 2015 [2], an average of
95% of villages are electrified in India.
Table 3: Percentage of Villages electrified as on 31-05-2015
Percentage of villages
States/UTs
electrified as on 31-05-2015
Andhra Pradesh 100
Arunachal Pradesh 73.3

Assam 96.8
Bihar 95.5
Chhattisgarh 97.7
Goa 100
Gujarat 100
Haryana 100
Himachal Pradesh 99.7
Jammu & Kashmir 98.2
Jharkhand 92.9
Karnataka 99.9
Kerala 100
Madhya Pradesh 97.2
Maharashtra 99.9
Manipur 86.6
Meghalaya 80.1
Mizoram 93.6
Nagaland 90.8
Odisha 91.9
Punjab 100
Rajasthan 90.4
Sikkim 100
Tamil Nadu 100
Tripura 97
Telangana 100
Uttar Pradesh 98.7
Uttarakhand 99.3
West Bengal 99.99
Total(States) 96.7
A & N Islands 77.8
Chandigarh 100
D & N Haveli 100
Daman & Diu 100
Delhi 100
Lakshadweep 100
Pondicherry 100
Total(UTs) 87.1
Average 95.74
A village would be declared as electrified if:

1) Basic infrastructure such as Distribution Transformer and Distribution lines are provided
in the inhabited locality as well as the Dalit Basti/ hamlet where it exists.
2) Electricity is provided to public places like Schools, Panchayat Office, Health Centres,
Dispensaries and Community centres etc. and
3) The number of households electrified should be at least 10% of the total number of
households in the village.
In spite of the overwhelming figures of electrified villages, availability of grid electricity in these
villages is unreliable and periodic. The short or long-term loss of the electric power, also
known as power outage, is still a huge concern in India. Since continuous supply of power is
necessary for the wireless equipments, an alternative of electric power is important.
Solar panel is one of the solutions which can be employed in BharatNet project. The power
essentially required by the equipments is 24 Watt/50 Ampere which can be easily served by
a photovoltaic (PV) module, a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6×10 solar cells
which has been rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically
ranges from 100 to 365 watts.
Chapter 5
Wireless Link Feasibility
In this chapter, the key steps of the wireless link feasibility are described in detail.
5.1. Estimation of Throughput

Estimation of throughput is a 2-step procedure.
The first step is to obtain GP wise population data in terms of number of households and the
second step involves calculation of throughput as a function of GP population.
5.1.1. Methodology for obtaining GP Population

The population data for the tool is gathered from the data provided by BBNL. The data
contains population statistics of every village in India. To calculate the population of GP, the
following methodology is undertaken.
The villages are mapped to their respective GP,

GP population is then taken as a sum of population of all the villages mapped to a GP,
The population of all the villages of a particular GP are summed to obtain the
population of the GP under-consideration.
The above steps results in the calculation of GP population.
5.1.2. Calculating throughput based on the population

The throughput requirements for the GPs are calculated using the GP population in the
following steps.
Step 1 - Assume a Gram Panchayat has total population to be T.

Step 2 - Let the average number of members in a household to be 5, then the number of
households becomes .
Step 3 - Let the contention ratio for rural India) to be 1:25.
On applying the contention ratio, the number of active household turns to be
at any given point of time.
Step 4 - As mentioned in (Report of the Committee on NOFN, 2015)(page 10), the throughput
requirement of each active household is 2 Mbps. Thus the total bandwidth required
for the GP is Mbps.
Step 5 - T
people can be calculated as
Mbps.
Note: - These calculations are simplistic in comparison to the calculations recommended in Report of
the Committee on NOFN (Section 2, page 31) as following parameters are not considered:
(i) Estimation of future requirements on account of technology penetration, and
(ii) Socio-economic status of the population.
Figure 1: Throughput requirement according to population and 1:25 contention ratio
From Figure 2, it can be noted that about 60% of GPs require less than 40 Mbps throughput
while only 20% GPs have a requirement of above 60 Mbps. This shows that wireless links can
be used to connect most of the GPs while satisfying their throughput requirements.
The throughput requirement thus calculated, can be further used to propose the wireless
network.
5.2. Determining the Distance based Link Feasibility

As stated in Section 4.2 [1], wireless links of 5-7 km length can be considered. A conservative
choice of 5 km is made.
Following inputs are required for determination of distance based on link feasibility:
Locations (Latitude and Longitude) of Phase-I and Phase-II GP offices

BSNL tower locations
Given the locations of the entities mentioned above, it can be assumed that a link between
entities X and Y can potentially be considered for link feasibility if the distance between them
is less than 5 km. The output of the step is to provide set of links that satisfy the distance
criteria and hence can be considered for further processing.
5.3. RF Planning, Tower Heights and Achievable Throughputs

In this step, the following parameters are determined:
Wireless link feasibility between two given geo-locations,

Required tower heights if the link is feasible,
Throughput of the feasible link.
Inputs to this step are two geo-locations, corresponding to the two end points of a proposed
wireless link.
5.3.1. Obtaining terrain data
The path is defined as an array of two or more comma-separated coordinate text strings
separated using the pipe ('|') character:
The number of samples of the elevation profile can be specified along the path of the link.
With 512 samples for a distance of about 5 km, accuracy of 10 m can be achieved. Thus, the
sample size is set to 512. The elevation profile, obtained along the path, is then compared to
the Fresnel zone (calculated along the path) to check whether the wireless link is established
or is obstructed by any topographical elevations.
5.3.2. Calculating received signal strength

For the calculation of the received signal strength, parameters such as i) transmit power ii)
transmitter and receiver antenna heights iii) transmitter and receiver antenna gains and iv)
propagation model need to be considered.
As per the regulations, Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) cannot be more
than 36 dBm for 5 GHz frequency band. For an antenna with transmitter antenna gain as 25
dBi, the allowable output transmit power should not be greater than 11 dBm, considering no
losses are incurred.
(1)
where,
Equivalent isotropically radiated power

Output Transmit Power
Transmitter Antenna Gain
Losses
Maximum transmitter and receiver antenna heights are set according to the available tower
infrastructure. This will be considered in further calculations.
The propagation model gives an empirical formula which provides a method to predict the
received signal strength based upon the path loss.
The propagation model used in the current tool is Free Space Path Loss Model.
5.3.2.1. Free space path loss

Free Space Path Loss is the loss in signal strength of an electromagnetic wave of a line-
of-sight path through free space with no obstacles nearby to cause reflection or
diffraction.
It is directly proportional to the square of the distance between transmitter antenna
and receiving antenna and to the square of frequency of the radio signal.
(2)
where,
Signal frequency (in hertz),

Distance from the transmitter (in metres),
Speed of light in a vacuum, metres per second
This equation can be expressed in terms of decibel as below:
(3)
For different units of the parameters, the constant of the equations changes as follows:
For , in kilometres and gigahertz, respectively, the constant becomes 92.45.

For , in meters and megahertz, respectively, the constant becomes -27.55.
For , in kilometres and megahertz, respectively, the constant becomes 32.45.
For , in meters and kilohertz, respectively, the constant becomes -87.55.
5.3.2.2. Fresnel zones

Fresnel Zone is taken into account to check the link feasibility. A Fresnel zone is a cylindrical
ellipse drawn between transmitter and receiver. There are an infinite number of Fresnel
zones, however, only the first 3 have significant effect on radio propagation. These are
These are used to
calculate reflections and diffraction loss between a transmitter and receiver. The net result is
that even numbered Fresnel zones incur a 180° signal reflection. These are detrimental to
radio propagation. Odd numbered Fresnel zones incur a 360° phase shift and will add
constructively at the receiver.
Figure 2: Fresnel Zone
For a stable and strong signal at the receiver end, antenna heights are often selected so that
F1 is an unobstructed path and F2 is obstructed by a hill or the earth bulge along the path as
any 180° reflected signals along the F2 zone can interfere and cancel the main received signal.
radius of the first Fresnel zone. For LoS links, the first Fresnel zone must have at least 60%
clearance of any obstructions in order for the radio wave propagation to behave as if it is in
The scenarios shown below depict the manner in which Fresnel zone clearance is used to
decide the height of the transmitter and receiver antenna considering various factors such as
throughput, distance and tower cost.
In the first scenario, the transmitter and receiver antenna heights are set at 9m. Though LoS
is clear, 60% Fresnel zone is obstructed by elevated terrain between transmitter and receiver.
Hence the received signal strength will be less than the desired signal strength.
Figure 3: Fresnel Zones created with Tx Antenna at 9m height and Rx Antenna at 9m height
In the second scenario depicted below, the transmitter and receiver antenna heights are set
at 15m. In this case, LoS along with 60% Fresnel zone and 1st Fresnel zone is clear. Hence the
received signal strength will be equal or more than desired signal strength as reflections from
1st Fresnel zone will add constructively with LoS received signal.
In the third scenario, the transmitter and receiver antenna heights are set at 9m and 30m
respectively. In this case, LoS along with 60% Fresnel zone and 1st Fresnel zone are clear.
Hence the received signal strength will be equal or more than desired signal strength as
reflections from 1st Fresnel zone will add constructively with LoS received signal. However,
construction of a 30m tall tower involves more monetary investment as well as time.
Considering various scenarios as above, it becomes important to choose the most feasible
link which not only gives desired signal strength at the receiving end but is also cost effective.
5.3.2.3. Deciding tower heights

The tower height determination should comply with following criteria:
1. 60% Fresnel zone should be clear for all the links originating or terminating at a
location at maximum height of the tower.
2. The maximum height of tower should be 15 m.
5.3.3. Translating Received Signal Power to achievable throughput

The received signal power is theoretically calculated by taking into account the transmitter
power, the transmitter and receiver antenna gains and the path loss. The received signal
power should be equal to or greater than Receiver Sensitivity (RS) for the signal to be
detected. The RS is dependent on the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) used at the
transmitter. For instance, the RS of QPSK will be different from the RS of 64-QAM. Hence,
for the signal to be detected, the received signal power should be greater than the RS of the
MCS at which the signal was coded.
To account for the fading losses, fade margin is also included. The fade margin is required to
ensure that the signal is received even if the channel quality is bad. The better the fade margin,
more stable is the link.
Taking into account the fade margin and the received signal power, the highest possible MCS
is decided. This will then be used to calculate the Physical Layer Data Rate achievable by that
link. The Transport Layer throughput can be calculated after taking into account the overhead
of the lower layers.
5.3.4. Algorithm involving RF planning calculations
5.3.4.1. Inputs
Following are the inputs to the program:
1. Latitude and longitude of the Transmitter (Tx) (x1,y1) and Receiver (Rx) (x2,y2)
Transmitter is fibre point of presence and Receiver is phase 2 GP
2. Maximum Possible heights of Tx Antenna (h1) and Rx Antenna (h2)
Maximum Transmitter height is 40 m and maximum receiver antenna height is 15 m
3. Required throughput of the receiver end
4. Elevation profile between the Tx and Rx
a. Height Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) of Tx and Rx
b. Height (AMSL) of all points (at interval of 5m) between Tx and Rx
5.3.4.2. Assumptions
1. Tx and Rx positions are in terms of latitude/longitude pairs.

2. The upper limit of the transmitter antenna height and receiver antenna height are
restricted by maximum possible heights of the Tx and Rx antennas (tower heights).
3. 512 samples of elevation profile are considered.
4. EIRP is taken as 4 W.
5. Receiver Antenna Gain is 25 dBi.
6. Fade Margin is taken as 20 dB.
5.3.4.3. Link Feasibility Code Details
The code is divided into two parts:
1. Fresnel zone clearance -

A link is said to be LoS if it clears 60% of F1 (first Fresnel Zone) and the F2 (second
Fresnel zone) is blocked. The objective of the tool is to check whether 60% of F1 is
cleared for the maximum height of Tx and Rx antennas.
The Fresnel zone calculations consider earth curvature, diffraction and atmospheric
refraction.
2. Fade margin calculations -

Once the link is feasible, the propagation loss model can be used to calculate the fade
margin of the link. The fade margin is directly proportional to the stability of the link
i.e. higher the fade margin, more stable is the link.
WiFi Technology in frequency band 5.8 GHz is considered. The propagation loss
model used for 5.8 GHz band is ITU terrain model in addition to free space path loss.
5.3.4.4. Output
After calculating the above two parameters, the output will be a matrix of maximum
throughput, optimum transmitter antenna height and optimum receiver antenna height at
which desired fade margin is obtained:
5.3.5. Flowchart of Wireless Link feasibility
Position of Transmitter (Tx) and Receiver (Rx)

Maximum possible heights of Tx Antenna and Rx Antenna
512 samples of Elevation profile between the Tx and Rx
Throughput requirement of receiver
Set antenna heights at maximum TxHeight and

maximum RxHeight
Make 512 samples of the distance between Tx and

Rx
Is NO
i <= 512?
YES
Calculate Effective SNR
Calculate 60% of F1 at ith sample distance
(Received SNR - Fade Margin)
i is incremented by 1 Determine Maximum

YES
throughput at received SNR
Is ith60% Fresnel
zone profile >ith
Elevation profile?
Is Maximum received
throughput >=
NO Required throughput?
NO
Link is not feasible
MaxThroughput = 0
YES
Link is feasible
MaxThroughput= received
throughput
Chapter 6
Fibre Link Feasibility and Planning
Fibre is, certainly a permanent solution to connect all the Gram Panchayats of India. A near
to accurate estimation of the fibre route is necessary for optimal deployment in later stages
of Phase 2. For estimating the fibre network, a planning tool design connects the block
headquarters/ Phase 1 GPs to unconnected Phase 2 GPs.
6.1. GPON architecture

Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) architecture has been implemented to
design the fibre route. GPON is a type of PON standardized in the ITU-T G.9 84 series of
recommendations, which can transport not only Ethernet, but also Asynchronous Transfer
Multiplexing (ATM) and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) (PSTN, ISDN, E1 and E3) traffic.
GPON network consists of mainly two active transmission equipments, namely- Optical Line
Termination (OLT) and Optical Network Unit (ONU) or Optical Network Termination
(ONT). It supports triple-play services, high-bandwidth, long reach, etc.
Figure 6: GPON Architecture
GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-directional

communication over a single fibre. To separate upstream and downstream signals of multiple
users over a single fibre, GPON employs two multiplexing mechanisms:
In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a Time Division Multiplexing

Access (TDMA) manner with a capacity of 1.244 Gbps.
In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a Broadcast manner with a
capacity of 2.488 Gbps.
Figure 7: Data transfer in downstream direction
Figure 8: Data transfer in upstream direction
Clock synchronisation is critical for GPON architecture. It is required for smooth

transmission of services over broadband networks. Since a large number of users share the
available bandwidth of the split fibre, there are chances of collisions in the upstream traffic.
To maintain clock synchronisation Time Division Multiple Access is incorporated in the
architecture. Moreover, with each node, the clock synchronisation is disturbed. In spite of a
good distance of 100 km which can be achieved if splitters are not used in a fibre link from
OLT to ONT, the distance is restricted to 60 km. The reduction in distance and hence
decrease in the number of nodes helps in synchronising the clock easily.
6.2. Power Link Budget

To ensure that fibre connections have sufficient power for correct operation, calculation of
power link budget is essential. The power budget refers to the amount of loss that a datalink
from transmitter to receiver can tolerate in order to operate properly. It is the difference
between the output power of the transmitter and the receiver sensitivity.
(4)
where,
Power budget
Receiver Sensitivity
Table 4: Power Link Budget
Key factors Estimated Values

Splicing and Propagation Loss 0.4 dB per km
Splitter Loss 1:2 splitter 3.4 dB
1:4 splitter 7.8 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB (0.25 per connector)
OLT Transmit Power 0-3 dBm
Receiver Sensitivity -28 dBm
Power Budget 20 22 dB
6.3. Estimating the fibre distance
The estimation of fibre length can be done, provided power budget and number of connectors
and splicers are known for a link.
The maximum distance up to which the optical power does not dissipate below the receiver
sensitivity, can be calculated by the following formula.
(5)
(6)
where,

Receiver Sensitivity
= Splicer Loss
= Number of splicers in a link
= Connector Loss
= Number of connectors in a link
This tool has two parts. The first part designs a network of fibre only. It does not consider
wireless technologies for connecting GPs. The second part is a combination of both fibre and
wireless technologies with fibre network at the base.
This tool is based on the concept of Minimum Spanning Tree. A spanning tree of a graph is a
subgraph that contains and connects all the vertices and is a tree. A minimum spanning tree
is to find the shortest path that visits each point at least once.
6.3.1. Algorithm involving Fibre route planning
Below is the algorithm used in fibre network planning tool.
6.3.1.1. Inputs
Phase 1 and Phase 2 GP locations in latitude longitude pairs

BSNL Tower locations in latitude longitude pairs
Road distance
BSNL Rural Exchange
6.3.1.2. Processing
Part A: only Fibre network
Step 1 - Calculate the road distance for each GP from Block Exchange.
Step 2 - For GPs without any road data, those are suggested for satellite connectivity.
Step 3 - Minimum Spanning Tree is created for all the GPs in a block along the road.
Step 4 - GPON feasibility of each link is checked from a Block OLT to GP.
Step 5 - The GPs with unfeasible link as in step 4 are checked for GPON feasibility with
the next OLT.
Step 6 - Step 4 and 5 are repeated until all the GPs are checked for GPON feasibility
from all the OLTs present in the block.
Step 7 - GPON verified Minimum spanning tree is obtained.
Part B: Fibre and Wireless network
Step 1 - Perform Step 1 to Step 4 of Part A processing.

Step 2 - The leaf nodes outside the route of fibre network are identified.
Step 3 - The throughput requirements of identified leaf nodes are calculated.
Step 4 - If the throughput requirement is more than 100 Mbps, then it is suggested for
fibre connectivity.
Step 5 - If the throughput requirement is less than 100 Mbps, then wireless link
feasibility following Chapter 2 for links from block headquarter and Phase 1 GP
to the leaf node is checked.
Step 6 - If the wireless link is feasible from block headquarter and Phase 1 GP to the
leaf node, the leaf node is connected wirelessly and the parent node of the leaf
node becomes the leaf node.
Step 7 - Repeat Step 5 and Step 6 until no further wireless link can be established from
block headquarter and Phase 1 GP to the leaf node.
6.3.1.3. Output
Part A:
The output is the fibre route plan only.
Part B:
The output is fibre and wireless links.
6.3.2. Flowchart of Fibre Route Planning
Part A
Phase 1 and Phase 2 GP locations in latitude longitude pairs

Road distance
BSNL Rural Exchange/ Headquarter
Set Phase 2 GPs as ith input
i is decremented by 1
Is road data YES

Is i > 0? available from
block headquarter
YES to ith GP present?
NO
NO
Calculate the road distance for each GP from Block Suggest the GP for satellite
Exchange connectivity
Create Minimum Spanning Tree from Block

Headquarter to Phase 2 GPs
Set olt = OLTs[1], link = Links[1]
YES
Is link Add link to olt as ont and
GPON feasible remove from Links
for olt?
NO
Are all links NO link = next from

in Links
Links
visited?
YES
olt = next from OLTs NO NO
Are all olts in Is Links empty?
link = Links[1] OLTs visited?
YES
YES
Store Links as unconnected
GPON verified minimum

spanning tree is obtained
Part B
GPON verified Minimum Spanning Tree
Identify the leaf nodes outside the route of fibre
Calculate the throughput requirement of identified leaf nodes
Set throughput requirement as n th input
n is decremented by 1
NO
Is nth throughput
Is n > 0?
requirement > 100?
YES
NO
YES
Suggest the GP for fibre connectivity
Set leftover leaf nodes as pth input
p is decremented by 1
Is link from pth leaf

Is p > 0? YES node to Block YES
headquarter or Phase 1
GP wirelessly feasible?
NO
Fibre and Wireless network is obtained YES
Connect leaf node to Block headquarter/

Phase 1 GP wirelessly and make its
parent the leaf node
Chapter 7
Results and Conclusion
7.1. Summary of all fibre network

Total Total
number number
Number of Total number of
Number of GPs of OLTs of ONTs Total Fibre
State Name BSNL Rural GPs which are not
in Phase 2 as per as per Length(km)
Exchanges connected**
IITB IITB
design design
CHHATTISGARH 5211 287 112 4594 617 15540.88
DAMAN & DIU 15 2 2 15 0 46.38
HIMACHAL PRADESH 2888 79 73 2393 495 11089.94
JAMMU AND KASHMIR 1807 74 57 1463 344 3807.95
ANDHRA PRADESH 19303 2217 999 19161 142 69885.73
DADRA AND NAGAR
11 1 1 11 0 87.57
HAVELI
GUJARAT 7942 877 181 7370 572 27893.17
BIHAR 1326 539 98 1306 20 6267.29
ASSAM 33 40 5 33 0 138.38
PUNJAB 6469 1451 85 6440 29 14759.36
JHARKHAND 2545 244 165 2402 143 11082.65
ARUNACHAL PRADESH 924 107 85 687 237 3216.85
TRIPURA 19 24 5 19 0 77.38
MAHARASHTRA 7815 2219 176 7485 330 27146.28
UTTARAKHAND 5735 386 117 5017 718 16300.85
NAGALAND 249 68 16 205 44 899.29
MADHYA PRADESH 6197 171 87 4604 1593 17091.16
MIZORAM 438 28 21 273 165 1841.66
RAJASTHAN 2069 1112 103 1870 199 12642.86
TAMILNADU 7982 292 241 7753 229 25770.38
ODISHA 2328 393 135 2143 185 13458.04
UTTAR PRADESH 33653 1701 335 30605 3048 45575.07
Total 114959 12312 3099 105849 9110 324619.1
** - GPs for which road data is not available and are situated more than 60 km away from all
the OLTs of the block
7.2. Summary of fibre and wireless network
Number
Number Number of of ONTs Wireless
Number of of existing OLTs as per as per from Phase Total number of
GPs in BSNL IITB design IITB 1 GP Wireless from Satellite GPs which are Total Fibre Total Fibre
State Name Phase 2 Towers design BSNL Towers recommendation not connected** Length(km) Reduction(km)
CHHATTISGARH 5211 954 112 3411 85 1232 194 289 12283.23 3257.65
DAMAN & DIU 15 0 2 15 0 0 0 0 46.38 0
HIMACHAL PRADESH 2888 474 73 1832 14 664 13 365 9041.42 2022.48
JAMMU AND KASHMIR 1807 185 57 1212 34 265 143 153 3204.64 603.31
ANDHRA PRADESH 19303 3065 999 14552 3 4646 50 52 55954.27 13322.63
DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI 11 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 87.57 0
GUJARAT 7942 1946 181 5371 1 2206 32 332 21371.53 6510.83
BIHAR 1326 668 98 950 102 258 7 9 4463.78 1654.49
ASSAM 33 91 5 12 1 20 0 0 60.6 46.95
PUNJAB 6469 2039 85 3477 277 2708 0 7 9223.01 5536.19
JHARKHAND 2545 1058 165 1832 0 606 49 58 8934.54 2004.67
ARUNACHAL PRADESH 924 86 85 544 27 144 158 51 2710.81 347.05
TRIPURA 19 117 5 12 0 7 0 0 40.69 36.69
MAHARASHTRA 7815 2387 176 6452 113 987 24 239 23690.02 3456.27
UTTARAKHAND 5735 743 117 4487 92 649 153 354 14926.1 1374.75
NAGALAND 249 140 16 118 21 81 23 6 540.47 358.82
MADHYA PRADESH 6197 2053 87 3074 132 2211 30 750 11851.55 5239.62
MIZORAM 438 33 21 269 7 9 17 136 1836.34 5.33
RAJASTHAN 2069 2235 103 1519 59 343 4 144 10732.98 1909.88
TAMILNADU 7982 3599 241 5746 0 2118 0 118 19091.92 6582.08
ODISHA 2328 891 135 1508 0 685 110 25 10501.11 2956.92
UTTAR PRADESH 33653 2696 335 22828 1392 7339 194 1900 34462.39 11015.7
Total 114959 25460 3099 79232 2360 27178 1201 4988 255055.4 68242.31
7.3. State-wise output of all fibre network
Andhra Pradesh
Number Number of
Number of Number of Number of
District District Name of BSNL GPs are not Total Fibre
GPs in Phase ONTs as per OLTs as per
Code Rural connected Length(km)
2 IITB design IITB design
Exchanges GPs
ADILABAD 624 57 38 620 7 2276.57

532
NIZAMABAD 696 84 35 692 6 2445.39

533
KARIMNAGAR 1186 104 59 1186 4 3886.22

534
MEDAK 1035 92 46 1034 2 3682.61

535
MAHABUBNAGAR 1306 124 63 1303 5 5220.32

538
NALGONDA 1162 130 60 1161 2 4736.40

539
WARANGAL 892 52 50 555 32 3230.18

540
KHAMMAM 79 94 6 64 2 386.19
541
SRIKAKULAM 1088 73 38 437 3 2943.00

542
VIZIANAGARAM 916 123 34 395 9 2879.59

543
VISHAKHAPATNAM 813 72 38 562 20 3153.55

544
EAST GODAVARI 941 111 55 625 15 3110.25

545
WEST GODAVARI 866 121 46 497 5 2623.18

546
KRISHNA 962 128 49 507 3 3060.50

547
GUNTUR 984 127 56 696 0 2725.95

548
PRAKASAM 940 112 51 940 2 3660.30

549
SPSR NELLORE 909 65 46 583 15 3985.11

550
YSR KADAPA 780 107 50 578 2 3317.17

551
KURNOOL 828 183 52 542 2 3225.28

552
ANANTAPUR 948 116 62 767 3 4906.79

553
CHITTOOR 1296 142 65 808 3 4431.17

554
Arunachal Pradesh
Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of GPs

District District Name Total Fibre
GPs in Phase BSNL Rural ONTs as per OLTs as per are not
Code Length(km)
2 Exchanges IITB design IITB design connected GPs
TAWANG 77 6 6 17 34 241.09
245
WEST
KAMENG 14 10 1 6 7 57.69
246
EAST
KAMENG 102 10 10 73 29 304.21
247
LOWER
SUBANSIRI 72 16 7 29 0 333.62
249
KURUNG
KUMEY 149 13 13 73 67 262.84
250
UPPER
SUBANSIRI 83 9 9 44 37 216.99
251
UPPER SIANG 51 4 4 41 18 301.65
254
DIBANG
VALLEY 18 3 3 18 1 161.13
255
LOWER
DIBANG
VALLEY 20 6 2 17 1 68.04
256
LOHIT 132 8 8 104 0 408.59
257
CHANGLANG 82 7 7 61 22 339.50
259
TIRAP 73 15 15 61 21 521.50
260
Assam
Number Number of
District District Name of BSNL GPs are not Total Fibre
GPs in Phase ONTs as per OLTs as per
Code Rural connected Length(km)
2 IITB design IITB design
Exchanges GPs
NAGAON 33 40 5 12 0 138.38
305
Bihar
Number of
Number of Number of Number of Number of
District District Name GPs are not Total Fibre
GPs in BSNL Rural ONTs as per OLTs as per
Code connected Length(km)
Phase 2 Exchanges IITB design IITB design
GPs
PASHCHIM
203 CHAMPARAN 66 29 5 47 5 362.65
PURBI
204 CHAMPARAN 141 55 11 101 2 752.32
MADHUBANI 126 58 7 81 1 571.11

207
ARARIA 126 15 6 101 3 574.04

209
KATIHAR 36 32 4 21 0 189.42
212
MADHEPURA 35 29 3 16 2 157.61
213
DARBHANGA 111 55 9 69 2 534.62

215
GOPALGANJ 153 28 11 140 0 615.54

217
SAMASTIPUR 28 59 2 16 0 99.10
221
BHAGALPUR 9 33 1 7 0 24.55
224
NALANDA 120 40 11 76 0 583.83

229
PATNA 70 34 6 48 0 367.03
230
BHOJPUR 52 24 3 31 1 193.68
231
JEHANABAD 17 12 2 11 0 69.69
235
ARWAL 26 5 2 17 0 102.87
236
GAYA 201 31 15 168 4 1069.24

238
Chhattisgarh
Number Number of
District District Name of GPs GPs are not Total Fibre
BSNL Rural ONTs as per OLTs as per
Code in Phase connected Length(km)
Exchanges IITB design IITB design
2 GPs
KORIYA 65 5 2 50 20 178.67
400
SURGUJA 275 13 7 226 3 818.83
401
JASHPUR 312 20 8 250 39 1120.11

402
RAIGARH 518 28 10 351 46 1494.54

403
KORBA 269 15 5 214 50 1046.93

404
JANJGIR-
405 CHAMPA 392 24 8 266 25 1082.14
BILASPUR 507 37 10 318 79 1373.59

406
KABIRDHAM 195 6 4 121 37 605.41

407
RAJNANDGAON 594 27 15 398 47 2190.37

408
DURG 165 23 4 96 0 566.47

409
RAIPUR 274 19 5 190 24 860.92

410
MAHASAMUND 389 15 6 327 6 1117.00

411
DHAMTARI 232 18 7 171 6 882.62

412
KANKER 281 9 6 109 135 454.91

413
BASTAR 269 17 8 204 33 1078.73

414
NARAYANPUR 16 2 1 5 18 56.91
415
DANTEWADA 82 5 3 44 13 214.10
416
BIJAPUR 87 4 3 71 36 398.63
417
Dadar and Nagar Haveli

Number of
Number Number of Number of Number of
of GPs in BSNL Rural ONTs as per OLTs as per
GPs
DADAR AND
NAGAR 11 1 1 11 0 87.57
496
HAVELI
Daman and Diu
Number of
GPs
494 DIU 4 1 1 4 0 13.15
495 DAMAN 11 1 1 11 0 33.23
Gujarat
Number of
GPs
BANASKANT
469 HA 804 142 18 500 0 3152.08
SABAR
472 KANTHA 259 122 6 131 0 993.87
AHMEDABA
474 D 504 110 18 329 86 2174.26
SURENDRAN
475 AGAR 646 94 19 470 1 2958.07
476 RAJKOT 573 15 15 573 250 2268.79
477 JAMNAGAR 661 77 19 478 7 2996.42
479 JUNAGADH 823 139 17 823 0 2705.30
PANCHMAH
484 AL 630 13 11 279 132 1664.48
485 DAHOD 409 7 7 263 21 1231.19
486 VADODARA 865 36 20 490 5 2990.01
487 NARMADA 217 24 6 152 1 834.84
489 DANGS 44 4 2 44 21 264.95
491 VALSAD 364 21 6 363 10 1209.62
492 SURAT 560 57 11 316 1 1671.27

493 TAPI 251 16 6 160 37 778.04
Himachal Pradesh
Number of
GPs
CHAMBA 221 7 7 184 77 1016.95
23
KANGRA 731 15 15 480 32 2295.34

24
LAHAUL
25 AND SPITI 26 2 2 12 21 174.74
KULLU 185 5 5 141 16 826.27

26
MANDI 349 11 10 258 92 1656.04

27
HAMIRPUR 54 6 2 22 0 172.75
28
UNA 218 5 5 146 12 605.15

29
BILASPUR 136 4 4 110 15 651.74

30
SOLAN 130 5 4 104 16 731.54

31
SIRMAUR 158 6 6 136 77 1010.32

32
SHIMLA 260 10 10 195 128 1579.03

33
KINNAUR 55 3 3 44 9 370.06
34
Jammu & Kashmir

Number of
GPs
1 KUPWARA 280 10 9 244 8 384.98
2 BADGAM 236 8 7 214 4 489.38
KATHUA
7 (HIRANAGAR) 138 7 6 128 21 541.63
8 BARAMULLA 211 12 8 139 29 587.07

9 BANDIPORA 29 5 3 18 49 59.90
11 GANDERBAL 76 4 3 53 5 162.46
12 PULWAMA 153 5 5 44 118 249.38
14 ANANTNAG 203 6 5 128 57 295.70
15 KULGAM 146 5 4 117 1 305.75
21 KATHUA 104 8 4 91 50 426.25
22 SAMBA 78 4 3 36 2 305.46
Jharkhand
Number of
GPs
346 GARHWA 193 19 19 157 7 914.85
347 CHATRA 148 12 12 120 2 681.71
348 KODERMA 0 6 0 0 0 0.00
349 GIRIDIH 171 7 7 112 31 593.35
350 DEOGHAR 0 11 1 0 0 0.00
351 GODDA 181 10 10 112 23 756.13
352 SAHEBGANJ 0 10 0 0 0 0.00
353 PAKUR 127 6 6 113 1 525.37
354 DHANBAD 247 8 8 124 2 772.23
355 BOKARO 0 9 1 0 0 0.00
356 LOHARDAGA 57 7 7 33 0 259.77
EAST
357 SINGHBUM 220 12 11 133 9 852.51
358 PALAMU 279 20 20 217 8 997.89
359 LATEHAR 108 9 9 97 3 667.39

360 HAZARIBAGH 0 16 0 0 0 0.00
361 RAMGARH 0 6 0 0 0 0.00
362 DUMKA 191 11 11 165 17 1069.14
363 JAMTARA 111 6 6 95 14 515.62
364 RANCHI 0 19 0 0 0 0.00
365 KHUNTI 76 6 6 66 2 424.63
366 GUMLA 154 13 12 117 12 738.26
367 SIMDEGA 90 10 10 74 9 652.88
SARAIKELAKH
369 ARSAWAN 134 11 9 97 3 660.92
Punjab
Number Number of
2 GPs
35 GURDASPUR 991 138 16 638 8 1917.70
36 KAPURTHALA 374 83 3 199 0 815.11
37 JALANDHAR 433 143 6 218 0 994.55
38 HOSHIARPUR 700 127 5 296 0 1200.72
39 NAWANSHAHR 264 53 3 119 0 598.80
FATEHGARH
40 SAHIB 166 71 4 86 0 493.10
41 LUDHIANA 388 118 6 230 0 1054.00
42 MOGA 297 66 4 183 0 806.78
43 FIROZPUR 634 67 6 377 0 1221.55
44 MUKTSAR 168 66 3 110 1 664.80
45 FARIDKOT 88 42 1 65 0 286.85
46 BATHINDA 184 71 5 115 0 686.95
47 MANSA 38 56 1 22 0 154.07
48 PATIALA 639 124 6 305 0 1416.00
49 AMRITSAR 503 23 6 219 12 874.88
50 TARN TARAN 301 12 4 112 6 670.53
52 S.A.S NAGAR 144 31 2 88 2 335.38
53 SANGRUR 88 115 2 53 0 287.59
54 BARNALA 62 45 2 42 0 280.00
Maharashtra
Number of
GPs
497 NANDURBAR 252 40 5 233 8 727.24
498 DHULE 305 74 6 291 4 1039.45
499 JALGAON 623 190 13 479 11 1934.00
501 AKOLA 240 37 4 215 6 827.68
503 AMRAVATI 59 69 3 58 0 236.19
516 NASHIK 618 114 11 531 23 1644.74
517 THANE 495 98 14 363 9 1928.61
520 RAIGAD 371 71 8 266 148 1034.21
521 PUNE 659 198 13 601 58 2167.85
AHMEDNAGA
522 R 898 310 24 836 5 3520.10
523 BEED 685 83 15 615 8 2423.79
526 SOLAPUR 546 146 20 386 4 3205.22
527 SATARA 745 163 13 691 27 2376.61

528 RATNAGIRI 460 106 12 401 6 1732.94
529 SINDHUDURG 68 24 3 60 6 374.36
530 KOLHAPUR 383 215 8 295 6 1180.85
531 SANGLI 169 281 4 131 1 792.45
Mizoram
Number of
GPs
281 MAMIT 36 3 3 34 41 283.81
282 KOLASIB 27 2 2 22 19 201.61
283 AIZAWL 67 5 5 58 33 358.54
284 CHAMPHAI 54 5 4 54 32 457.12
285 SERCHHIP 0 2 0 0 0 0.00
286 LUNGLEI 30 4 2 23 15 172.12
287 LAWNGTLAI 27 5 3 18 13 143.02
288 SAIHA 61 2 2 60 12 225.44
Madhya Pradesh
Number Number of
2 GPs
418 SHEOPUR 102 3 2 41 72 340.35
419 MORENA 357 7 6 189 132 995.72
420 BHIND 350 6 5 182 118 1078.91
421 GWALIOR 78 11 1 47 0 302.71
422 DATIA 109 3 2 65 67 330.35
423 SHIVPURI 335 8 5 158 133 1107.51

425 CHHATARPUR 135 10 3 68 51 475.55
429 SATNA 422 8 5 175 133 1165.77
430 REWA 75 1 1 71 1 217.89
431 UMARIA 140 3 2 53 112 286.90
432 NEEMUCH 71 3 1 29 15 208.07
433 MANDSAUR 217 5 3 83 80 428.37
434 RATLAM 140 6 2 96 28 449.42
436 SHAJAPUR 146 7 3 57 73 437.72
441 BARWANI 161 5 3 93 1 437.37
446 RAISEN 183 5 3 112 65 592.56
450 KATNI 277 6 4 153 34 936.74
451 JABALPUR 264 7 4 155 52 775.11
452 NARSINGHPUR 0 13 1 0 0 0.00
454 MANDLA 0 3 1 0 0 0.00
455 CHHINDWARA 549 11 8 376 78 2098.67
456 SEONI 298 8 5 187 84 955.85
457 BALAGHAT 332 10 6 235 52 1179.04
458 GUNA 170 3 2 92 13 441.57
460 SHAHDOL 253 5 4 147 113 878.52
461 ANUPPUR 96 4 1 84 27 317.98
465 ALIRAJPUR 39 2 1 31 0 141.04
KHANDWA
466 (EAST NIMAR) 89 6 2 61 15 364.00
467 BURHANPUR 59 2 1 34 44 147.50

Nagaland
Number of
Distric District Name GPs are not Total Fibre
t Code connected Length(km)
GPs
261 MON 13 7 1 9 4 31.96
262 TUENSANG 22 9 3 15 8 59.49
263 LONGLENG 15 2 1 14 0 57.17
264 KIPHIRE 0 3 0 0 0 0.00
265 MOKOKCHUNG 41 8 4 33 0 247.03
266 ZUNHEBOTO 17 10 1 2 0 31.47
267 WOKHA 11 5 1 5 1 44.78
268 DIMAPUR 65 6 1 19 6 187.80
269 KOHIMA 48 7 3 17 25 122.77
270 PEREN 0 5 0 0 0 0.00
271 PHEK 11 6 1 4 0 116.82
Odisha
Number Number of
2 GPs
370 BARGARH 246 34 12 179 7 1595.98
371 JHARSUGUDA 72 20 8 42 2 515.01
372 SAMBALPUR 143 31 9 75 23 846.67
373 DEOGARH 0 10 0 0 0 0.00
374 SUNDARGARH 255 49 19 154 40 1571.98
378 BHADRAK 193 36 8 93 4 1051.19

382 JAJPUR 279 65 10 121 6 1492.01
384 ANUGUL 208 28 9 144 8 1121.87
393 BALANGIR 277 38 15 201 18 1457.34
396 RAYAGADA 168 23 11 122 23 955.17
397 NABARANGPUR 148 12 9 135 2 816.09
398 KORAPUT 217 35 16 169 32 1373.88
399 MALKANGIRI 97 12 9 73 20 660.85
Puducherry
Number of
GPs
635 PONDICHERRY 0 2 0 0 0 0
637 KARAIKAL 0 1 0 0 0 0
Rajasthan
Number Number of
Number of Number of
District District Name of GPs Number of BSNL GPs are not Total Fibre
ONTs as per OLTs as per
Code in Phase Rural Exchanges connected Length(km)
IITB design IITB design
2 GPs
100 HANUMANGARH 34 76 3 33 0 302.61
102 CHURU 48 96 5 42 0 478.86
104 ALWAR 96 91 4 78 0 521.63
105 BHARATPUR 77 40 3 46 0 436.24
106 DHOLPUR 60 6 3 53 5 327.64
107 KARAULI 73 6 2 46 40 298.42
SAWAI
108 MADHOPUR 36 16 1 23 0 208.62
111 SIKAR 73 93 5 53 0 549.52

112 NAGAUR 152 87 12 127 0 1238.70
113 JODHPUR 86 14 5 64 35 593.22
114 JAISALMER 35 27 4 33 15 505.34
115 BARMER 144 57 11 114 62 1282.52
116 JALORE 117 49 5 99 3 771.11
118 PALI 66 23 4 48 17 560.14
119 AJMER 30 57 2 20 0 188.89
120 TONK 31 37 2 27 0 223.96
122 BHILWARA 95 39 4 71 0 528.56
123 RAJSAMAND 20 50 1 18 0 155.52
124 DUNGARPUR 89 33 2 70 7 340.92
125 BANSWARA 102 22 4 83 0 402.93
126 CHITTORGARH 61 45 4 45 4 397.02
128 BARAN 61 31 4 48 0 385.25
129 JHALAWAR 84 27 3 70 0 517.42
130 UDAIPUR 160 73 6 130 4 872.98
131 PRATAPGARH 95 17 4 78 7 554.84
Tamil Nadu
Number Number of
Number of Number of
District District Name of GPs Number of BSNL GPs are not Total Fibre
ONTs as per OLTs as per
Code in Phase Rural Exchanges connected Length(km)
IITB design IITB design
2 GPs
602 THIRUVALLUR 522 41 15 519 0 1503.85
604 KANCHIPURAM 633 40 15 621 1 2023.39
606 DHARMAPURI 241 8 8 145 1 991.97
607 KRISHNAGIRI 317 10 10 185 17 1226.12

608 TIRUVANNAMALAI 817 18 18 587 43 2277.58
613 KOTAGIRI 25 3 3 15 2 174.84
614 COIMBATORE 195 11 11 127 2 764.00
616 DINDIGUL 295 14 14 188 9 1300.11
617 KARUR 148 8 8 95 5 705.32
618 TIRUCHIRAPPALLI 340 12 12 254 7 1153.33
619 PERAMBALUR 156 7 7 114 7 582.02
620 ARIYALUR 192 6 6 152 0 658.04
621 CUDDALORE 664 13 13 404 11 1691.92
623 THIRUVARUR 418 10 10 262 0 1150.42
624 THANJAVUR 558 14 14 465 22 1549.98
625 PUDUKKOTTAI 473 13 13 324 28 1719.81
627 MADURAI 415 13 13 265 3 1266.06
628 THENI 124 8 8 82 0 454.67
629 VIRUDHUNAGAR 445 11 11 399 1 1480.04
RAMANATHAPUR
630 AM 393 11 11 236 70 1342.36
631 TUTICORIN 401 12 12 267 0 1423.62
633 KANNIYAKUMARI 92 9 9 40 0 330.94
Tripura
Number of
District District Name Number of BSNL GPs are not Total Fibre
GPs in ONTs as per OLTs as per
Code Rural Exchanges connected Length(km)
Phase 2 IITB design IITB design
GPs
WEST
289 TRIPURA 0 6 0 0 0 0.00
SOUTH
290 TRIPURA 0 4 2 0 0 0.00
291 DHALAI 0 7 0 0 0 0.00
NORTH
292 TRIPURA 19 7 3 12 0 77.38
Uttarakhand
Number of
GPs in ONTs as per OLTs as per
GPs
UTTAR
56 KASHI 397 22 11 340 35 1250.03
57 CHAMOLI 579 37 13 529 38 1800.02
RUDRA
58 PRAYAG 311 27 8 276 29 1126.32
TEHRI
59 GARHWAL 776 57 18 621 133 2325.12
60 DEHRADUN 139 23 3 109 74 367.96
PAURI
61 GARHWAL 894 78 23 804 50 3541.43
PITHORAGA
62 RH 513 28 8 405 120 1283.84
63 BAGESHWAR 198 15 3 141 60 437.08
64 ALMORA 1038 52 17 917 35 2443.42
CHAMPAWA
65 T 213 12 5 156 32 766.19
66 NAINITAL 239 23 6 175 56 813.43
UDHAMSING
67 H NAGAR 84 12 2 14 56 146.02
Uttar Pradesh
Number of
Number Number of Number of
of GPs in OLTs as per ONTs as per
GPs
MUZAFFARNAGAR 288 48 6 209 79 776.7882
133
BIJNOR 279 45 4 278 1 657.033
134
MORADABAD 435 24 6 431 4 655.1702
135
RAMPUR 166 19 1 166 0 247.633
136
JYOTIBA PHULE
NAGAR 364 16 5 267 97 649.2865
137
MEERUT 244 24 7 178 66 740.6047
138
BAGHPAT 65 16 2 63 2 201.293
139
GHAZIABAD 113 6 2 91 22 238.212
140
BULANDSHAHR 409 30 7 409 0 914.5361
142
ALIGARH 433 31 6 430 3 1131.371
143
MAHAMAYA
NAGAR 152 23 3 151 1 405.703
144
MATHURA 206 29 5 200 6 704.1052
145
AGRA 331 35 10 322 9 1082.862
146
FIROZABAD 214 26 4 211 3 546.891
147
MAINPURI 161 23 3 161 0 463.024
148
BUDAUN 460 44 8 453 7 1091.84
149
BAREILLY 527 27 8 429 98 1134.419
150
PILIBHIT 284 7 3 247 37 600.1431
151
SHAHJAHANPUR 377 24 3 355 22 316.1668
152
KHERI 1037 58 10 981 56 1589.287
153
UNNAO 935 46 8 909 26 1308.098
156
RAE BARELI 114 39 1 114 0 111.6687
158
FARRUKHABAD 435 26 3 433 2 544.1767
159
KANNAUJ 726 27 9 692 34 1096.728
160
ETAWAH 36 19 1 32 4 93.179
161
AURAIYA 334 19 5 323 11 811.4101
162
KANPUR DEHAT 682 33 8 336 346 988.3179
163
KANPUR NAGAR 392 21 4 152 240 478.2417
164
JALAUN 404 27 5 388 16 784.3164
165
JHANSI 564 17 6 510 54 992.7345
166
LALITPUR 364 20 4 344 20 767.6372
167
MAHOBA 112 12 1 110 2 231.0695
169
BANDA 152 50 2 134 18 255.9067
170
CHITRAKOOT 114 22 2 114 0 244.0387
171
FATEHPUR 933 45 7 859 74 1085.401
172
PRATAPGARH 1129 61 8 1123 6 1173.412
173
KAUSHAMBI 551 19 5 545 6 724.9193
174
ALLAHABAD 87 25 1 87 0 139.1514
175
BARABANKI 506 51 4 474 32 552.3012
176
AMBEDKAR
NAGAR 363 35 1 361 2 247.9178
178
BAHRAICH 1147 33 10 1125 22 1484.361
180
SHRAVASTI 386 11 3 380 6 449.4531
181
BALRAMPUR 1024 14 7 682 342 842.0836
182
GONDA 1579 31 12 1519 60 1695.291
183
BASTI 1689 29 11 1689 0 1231.037
185
SANT
KABEERNAGAR 778 25 5 772 6 644.6447
186
KUSHI NAGAR 1804 29 14 1798 6 1754.797
189
DEORIA 2349 70 18 2143 206 1957.873
191
BALLIA 730 43 7 590 140 568.7217
193
JAUNPUR 1335 59 9 1169 166 761.4672
194
GHAZIPUR 1340 37 13 1118 222 1706.304
195
CHANDAULI 1079 20 8 1063 16 1275.745
196
SANT RAVIDAS
NAGAR 699 24 4 693 6 759.2489
198
MIRZAPUR 939 53 9 711 228 976.5555
199
SONBHADRA 900 13 10 690 210 1577.63
200
ETAH 168 26 3 168 0 509.356
201
KANSHIRAM
NAGAR 229 15 4 223 6 603.506
202
7.4. State-wise output of fibre and wireless network
Andhra Pradesh
Number Number of Number of Number of Connected Connected
District Satellite Total Fibre Fibre length Problem
District name of GPs in existing BSNL ONTs as per OLTs as per from Phase from BSNL
Code recommendation Length(km) reduced(km) Cases
Phase 2 Towers IITB design IITB design 1 GP towers
ADILABAD 624 0 620 38 0 0 4 2276.57 0.00 3

532
NIZAMABAD 696 0 692 35 0 0 4 2445.39 0.00 1
533
KARIMNAGAR 1186 0 1186 59 0 0 0 3886.22 0.00 4
534
MEDAK 1035 0 1034 46 0 0 1 3682.61 0.00 1
535
MAHABUBNAGAR 1306 0 1303 63 0 0 3 5220.32 0.00 2
538
NALGONDA 1162 0 1161 60 0 0 1 4736.40 0.00 1
539
WARANGAL 892 197 555 50 0 337 0 2131.40 1050.14 11
540
KHAMMAM 79 202 64 6 3 10 2 309.28 76.92 0
541
SRIKAKULAM 1088 186 437 38 0 651 0 1280.61 1480.75 1
542
VIZIANAGARAM 916 214 395 34 0 514 7 1481.79 1234.92 2
543
VISHAKHAPATNAM 813 150 562 38 0 240 11 2426.54 685.03 9
544
EAST GODAVARI 941 246 625 55 0 309 7 2179.12 931.13 7
545
WEST GODAVARI 866 235 497 46 0 364 5 1560.28 1062.90 0
546
KRISHNA 962 279 507 49 0 455 0 1730.35 1260.20 1
547
GUNTUR 984 278 696 56 0 288 0 2048.34 677.61 0
548
PRAKASAM 940 0 940 51 0 0 0 3660.30 0.00 2
549
SPSR NELLORE 909 176 583 46 0 325 1 2671.71 1276.46 5
550
YSR KADAPA 780 136 578 50 0 201 1 2560.21 756.96 0
551
KURNOOL 828 252 542 52 0 285 1 2484.29 740.99 1
552
ANANTAPUR 948 242 767 62 0 179 2 4137.26 769.53 0
553
CHITTOOR 1296 272 808 65 0 488 0 3045.27 1319.08 1
554
Arunachal Pradesh
TAWANG 77 9 0 17 6 49 11 112.26 40.16 0

245
WEST KAMENG 14 25 0 6 1 2 6 22.26 35.43 0

246
EAST KAMENG 102 2 0 73 10 0 29 304.21 0.00 0

247
LOWER SUBANSIRI 72 11 25 29 7 18 0 226.27 37.03 0
249
KURUNG KUMEY 149 4 0 73 13 13 63 206.65 56.19 4

250
UPPER SUBANSIRI 83 6 0 44 9 5 34 208.31 8.68 2

251
UPPER SIANG 51 4 0 41 4 4 6 299.92 1.73 10

254
DIBANG VALLEY 18 0 0 18 3 0 0 161.13 0.00 1

255
LOWER DIBANG
256 VALLEY 20 2 2 17 2 1 0 58.75 9.29 0
LOHIT 132 8 0 104 8 28 0 355.02 53.57 0

257
CHANGLANG 82 7 0 61 7 17 4 270.83 68.67 18

259
TIRAP 73 8 0 61 15 7 5 485.20 36.29 16

260
Assam
NAGAON 33 91 12 5 1 20 0 60.605 46.945 0

305
Bihar
PASHCHIM
203 CHAMPARAN 66 33 47 5 6 9 4 17.39 7.16 1
PURBI
204 CHAMPARAN 141 57 101 11 8 32 0 94.78 24.28 2
MADHUBANI 126 61 81 7 4 41 0 38.54 31.15 1

207
ARARIA 126 16 101 6 18 6 1 60.05 39.05 0

209
KATIHAR 36 45 21 4 4 11 0 52.89 49.98 0

212
MADHEPURA 35 30 16 3 1 18 0 83.27 50.57 0

213
DARBHANGA 111 66 69 9 10 31 1 560.08 55.46 1

215
GOPALGANJ 153 18 140 11 3 10 0 120.87 68.55 0

217
SAMASTIPUR 28 72 16 2 0 12 0 261.46 81.03 0

221
BHAGALPUR 9 59 7 1 0 2 0 266.91 95.74 0

224
NALANDA 120 28 76 11 14 30 0 431.71 142.34 0

229
PATNA 70 114 48 6 7 15 0 913.95 155.29 0

230
BHOJPUR 52 27 31 3 13 8 0 328.75 205.87 1
231
JEHANABAD 17 10 11 2 3 3 0 517.01 209.21 0

235
ARWAL 26 7 17 2 0 9 0 368.04 215.79 0

236
GAYA 201 25 168 15 11 21 1 348.08 223.03 3

238
Chattisgarh
KORIYA 65 20 50 2 0 11 4 173.31 5.36 11

400
SURGUJA 275 44 226 7 2 45 2 695.64 123.19 1

401
JASHPUR 312 63 250 8 0 48 14 991.59 128.52 23

402
RAIGARH 518 94 351 10 2 155 10 1193.23 301.31 30

403
KORBA 269 60 214 5 7 41 7 908.79 138.14 32

404
JANJGIR-CHAMPA 392 56 266 8 17 109 0 730.15 351.99 17

405
BILASPUR 507 88 318 10 3 157 29 1070.07 303.52 4

406
KABIRDHAM 195 39 121 4 2 72 0 418.64 186.77 17

407
RAJNANDGAON 594 94 398 15 0 192 4 1615.41 574.96 30
408
DURG 165 107 96 4 0 69 0 360.91 205.56 0

409
RAIPUR 274 102 190 5 3 81 0 624.25 236.68 18

410
MAHASAMUND 389 28 327 6 10 47 5 922.30 194.70 1

411
DHAMTARI 232 45 171 7 25 36 0 748.88 133.75 2

412
KANKER 281 44 109 6 4 85 83 291.40 163.51 49

413
BASTAR 269 38 204 8 5 53 7 932.94 145.79 22

414
NARAYANPUR 16 6 5 1 3 0 8 56.91 0.00 7

415
DANTEWADA 82 14 44 3 2 29 7 156.46 57.64 3

416
BIJAPUR 87 12 71 3 0 2 14 392.36 6.27 22

417
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Number of Number of Number of Number of Connected Connected
District name GPs in Phase existing BSNL ONTs as per OLTs as per from Phase from BSNL
2 Towers IITB design IITB design 1 GP towers
Dadra and Nagar

11 0 11 1 0 0 0 87.57 0 0
496 Haveli
Daman and Diu
District name GPs in existing BSNL ONTs as per OLTs as per from Phase from BSNL
DIU 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 13.15 0 0
494
DAMAN 11 0 11 1 0 0 0 33.23 0 0
495
Gujarat
BANASKANTHA 804 252 500 18 0 304 0 2201.57 950.51 0

469
SABAR KANTHA 259 235 131 6 1 127 0 540.60 453.27 0

472
AHMEDABAD 504 290 329 18 0 148 27 1830.03 344.22 0

474
SURENDRANAGAR 646 166 470 19 0 175 1 2299.69 658.38 0

475
RAJKOT 573 0 573 15 0 0 0 2268.79 0.00 250

476
JAMNAGAR 661 165 478 19 0 180 3 2258.15 738.26 2

477
JUNAGADH 823 0 823 17 0 0 0 2705.30 0.00 0

479
PANCHMAHAL 630 158 279 11 0 351 0 910.99 753.49 21

484
DAHOD 409 82 263 7 0 146 0 853.52 377.67 11
485
VADODARA 865 267 490 20 0 375 0 1797.38 1192.63 0

486
NARMADA 217 36 152 6 0 65 0 634.15 200.69 1

487
DANGS 44 4 44 2 0 0 0 264.95 0.00 21

489
VALSAD 364 0 363 6 0 0 1 1209.62 0.00 9

491
SURAT 560 248 316 11 0 244 0 1043.76 616.71 1

492
TAPI 251 43 160 6 0 91 0 553.04 224.99 16

493
Himachal Pradesh
CHAMBA 221 17 184 7 0 34 3 943.07 73.88 55

23
KANGRA 731 86 480 15 0 250 1 1580.75 688.55 15

24
LAHAUL AND
25 SPITI 26 8 12 2 0 14 0 148.15 26.59 13
KULLU 185 58 141 5 0 44 0 672.64 153.64 12

26
MANDI 349 59 258 10 2 88 1 1356.63 299.41 70

27
HAMIRPUR 54 35 22 2 8 24 0 69.25 103.50 0
28
UNA 218 28 146 5 0 72 0 442.81 162.34 12

29
BILASPUR 136 20 110 4 0 26 0 549.26 102.48 11

30
SOLAN 130 42 104 4 4 22 0 614.94 116.61 8

31
SIRMAUR 158 22 136 6 0 21 1 959.55 50.77 63

32
SHIMLA 260 88 195 10 0 63 2 1355.36 223.67 102

33
KINNAUR 55 11 44 3 0 6 5 349.00 21.06 4

34
Jharkhand
GARHWA 193 22 0 157 19 30 6 796.02 118.83 1

346
CHATRA 148 33 0 120 12 28 0 594.94 65.98 2

347
KODERMA 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

348
GIRIDIH 171 28 0 112 7 45 14 515.54 77.81 1

349
DEOGHAR 0 34 0 0 1 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

350
GODDA 181 24 0 112 10 69 0 483.14 219.64 18
351
SAHEBGANJ 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

352
PAKUR 127 8 0 113 6 14 0 483.34 42.03 1

353
DHANBAD 247 119 0 124 8 121 2 386.39 358.50 0

354
BOKARO 0 88 0 0 1 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

355
LOHARDAGA 57 17 0 33 7 24 0 144.20 73.60 0

356
EAST SINGHBUM 220 112 0 133 11 79 8 607.48 245.03 0

357
PALAMU 279 41 0 217 20 62 0 793.55 204.35 5

358
LATEHAR 108 18 0 97 9 11 0 606.41 60.98 3

359
HAZARIBAGH 0 73 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

360
RAMGARH 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

361
DUMKA 191 34 0 165 11 26 0 920.08 149.06 14

362
JAMTARA 111 11 0 95 6 16 0 468.10 47.52 7

363
RANCHI 0 171 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

364
KHUNTI 76 16 0 66 6 8 2 388.71 35.93 0

365
GUMLA 154 32 0 117 12 26 11 660.80 77.47 1
366
SIMDEGA 90 13 0 74 10 12 4 583.02 69.87 5

367
SARAIKELA
369 KHARSAWAN 134 90 0 97 9 35 2 502.83 158.09 0
Jammu and Kashmir

KUPWARA 280 4 244 9 1 28 7 365.80 19.18 1

1
BADGAM 236 23 214 7 4 16 2 439.90 49.48 2

2
KATHUA
7 (HIRANAGAR) 138 9 128 6 0 4 6 535.61 6.02 15
BARAMULLA 211 16 139 8 9 61 2 400.10 186.97 23

8
BANDIPORA 29 9 18 3 0 11 0 59.90 0.00 38

9
GANDERBAL 76 8 53 3 6 13 4 122.08 40.38 1

11
PULWAMA 153 7 44 5 0 27 82 201.25 48.13 28

12
ANANTNAG 203 11 128 5 5 37 33 244.52 51.18 2

14
KULGAM 146 3 117 4 9 19 1 254.72 51.03 0
15
KATHUA 104 65 91 4 0 7 6 414.03 12.22 41

21
SAMBA 78 30 36 3 0 42 0 166.73 138.73 2

22
Punjab
GURDASPUR 991 33 16 638 227 126 0 1159.57 757.98 4

35
KAPURTHALA 374 122 3 199 0 175 0 506.03 309.08 0

36
JALANDHAR 433 217 6 218 3 212 0 613.10 381.45 0

37
HOSHIARPUR 700 171 5 296 0 404 0 629.29 571.43 0

38
NAWANSHAHR 264 98 3 119 0 145 0 369.94 228.85 0

39
FATEHGARH
40 SAHIB 166 133 4 86 0 80 0 353.60 139.50 0
LUDHIANA 388 164 6 230 17 141 0 740.90 313.11 0

41
MOGA 297 65 4 183 0 114 0 589.86 216.92 0

42
FIROZPUR 634 69 6 377 7 250 0 801.12 420.43 0

43
MUKTSAR 168 66 3 110 4 54 0 497.05 167.74 1
44
FARIDKOT 88 51 1 65 2 21 0 232.78 54.07 0

45
BATHINDA 184 136 5 115 0 69 0 470.02 216.93 0

46
MANSA 38 74 1 22 0 16 0 118.37 35.71 0

47
PATIALA 639 168 6 305 3 331 0 806.90 609.10 0

48
AMRITSAR 503 106 6 219 7 277 0 392.01 482.87 0

49
TARN TARAN 301 63 4 112 5 184 0 282.80 387.73 1

50
S.A.S NAGAR 144 106 2 88 1 55 0 226.39 108.99 1

52
SANGRUR 88 138 2 53 1 34 0 210.57 77.02 0

53
BARNALA 62 59 2 42 0 20 0 222.71 57.28 0

54
Maharashtra
Number of Number of Number of Connected Connected
District Number of Satellite Total Fibre Fibre length Problem
District name existing BSNL ONTs as per OLTs as per from Phase from BSNL
Code GPs in Phase 2 recommendation Length(km) reduced(km) Cases
Towers IITB design IITB design 1 GP towers
NANDURBAR 252 50 233 5 0 15 4 656.42 70.81 4

497
DHULE 305 70 291 6 3 11 0 955.45 84.00 4

498
JALGAON 623 180 479 13 21 120 3 1516.51 417.49 4
499
AKOLA 240 41 215 4 6 19 0 735.68 92.00 6

501
AMRAVATI 59 83 58 3 0 1 0 233.59 2.60 0

503
NASHIK 618 180 531 11 8 79 0 1345.95 298.79 23

516
THANE 495 172 363 14 12 119 1 1483.51 445.10 7

517
RAIGAD 371 116 266 8 36 64 5 891.65 142.56 96

520
PUNE 659 214 601 13 2 56 0 1935.25 232.60 48

521
AHMEDNAGAR 898 148 836 24 1 61 0 3322.34 197.76 5

522
BEED 685 82 615 15 2 68 0 2202.88 220.91 6

523
SOLAPUR 546 233 386 20 0 158 2 2652.70 552.52 2

526
SATARA 745 164 691 13 8 44 2 2240.48 136.13 24

527
RATNAGIRI 460 134 401 12 6 52 1 1541.86 191.08 4

528
SINDHUDURG 68 33 60 3 0 4 4 358.80 15.57 1

529
KOLHAPUR 383 242 295 8 4 82 2 952.42 228.43 4

530
SANGLI 169 245 131 4 4 34 0 664.52 127.93 1

531
Mizoram
Satellite Total Fibre Fibre length Problem
District Code District name GPs in Phase existing BSNL ONTs as per OLTs as per from Phase from BSNL
recommendation Length(km) reduced(km) Cases
2 Towers IITB design IITB design 1 GP towers
MAMIT 36 5 34 3 0 1 1 283.81 0.00 39

281
KOLASIB 27 1 22 2 0 5 0 201.61 0.00 14

282
AIZAWL 67 27 58 5 0 3 6 353.73 4.81 26

283
CHAMPHAI 54 0 54 4 0 0 0 457.12 0.00 32

284
SERCHHIP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

285
LUNGLEI 30 0 23 2 0 0 7 172.12 0.00 8

286
LAWNGTLAI 27 0 18 3 7 0 2 142.51 0.51 6

287
SAIHA 61 0 60 2 0 0 1 225.44 0.00 11

288
Madhya Pradesh
Satellite Total Fibre Fibre length Problem
District Code District name GPs in existing BSNL ONTs as per OLTs as per from Phase from BSNL
recommendation Length(km) reduced(km) Cases
SHEOPUR 102 37 41 2 6 52 3 270.42 69.93 27

418
MORENA 357 70 189 6 13 153 2 639.14 356.58 58

419
BHIND 350 73 182 5 5 163 0 679.41 399.50 52
420
GWALIOR 78 110 47 1 0 31 0 183.04 119.66 0

421
DATIA 109 35 65 2 15 29 0 272.12 58.23 44

422
SHIVPURI 335 173 158 5 3 174 0 694.56 412.95 59

423
CHHATARPUR 135 86 68 3 2 63 2 305.83 169.73 26

425
SATNA 422 116 175 5 5 242 0 699.39 466.38 40

429
REWA 75 8 71 1 0 4 0 207.84 10.05 0

430
UMARIA 140 69 53 2 4 83 0 216.73 70.17 48

431
NEEMUCH 71 60 29 1 0 42 0 108.35 99.72 3

432
MANDSAUR 217 99 83 3 2 132 0 256.34 172.03 23

433
RATLAM 140 99 96 2 3 39 2 354.99 94.43 12

434
SHAJAPUR 146 117 57 3 2 87 0 276.62 161.11 26

436
BARWANI 161 47 93 3 3 65 0 269.80 167.57 0

441
RAISEN 183 68 112 3 4 66 1 468.82 123.75 22

446
KATNI 277 78 153 4 2 121 1 595.75 340.99 15

450
JABALPUR 264 137 155 4 8 101 0 525.56 249.54 25
451
NARSINGHPUR 0 65 0 1 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

452
MANDLA 0 23 0 1 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

454
CHHINDWARA 549 139 376 8 5 160 8 1590.43 508.24 48

455
SEONI 298 72 187 5 7 101 3 687.06 268.80 50

456
BALAGHAT 332 56 235 6 24 73 0 859.83 319.21 45

457
GUNA 170 58 92 2 0 74 4 236.21 205.36 4

458
SHAHDOL 253 57 147 4 3 99 4 661.34 217.18 61

460
ANUPPUR 96 50 84 1 0 12 0 298.69 19.29 23

461
ALIRAJPUR 39 7 31 1 2 6 0 117.13 23.91 0

465
KHANDWA
466 (EAST NIMAR) 89 36 61 2 9 19 0 259.38 104.61 11
BURHANPUR 59 8 34 1 5 20 0 116.79 30.70 28

467
Nagaland
MON 13 7 9 1 0 0 4 31.96 0.00 0

261
TUENSANG 22 6 15 3 4 1 2 51.66 7.84 3

262
LONGLENG 15 3 14 1 0 1 0 52.05 5.12 0

263
KIPHIRE 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

264
MOKOKCHUNG 41 17 33 4 0 8 0 211.22 35.81 0

265
ZUNHEBOTO 17 13 2 1 7 8 0 4.62 26.85 0

266
WOKHA 11 13 5 1 2 3 1 13.54 31.23 0

267
DIMAPUR 65 36 19 1 2 44 0 71.01 116.79 3

268
KOHIMA 48 19 17 3 4 11 16 88.68 34.09 0

269
PEREN 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

270
PHEK 11 11 4 1 2 5 0 15.73 101.09 0

271
Odisha
BARGARH 246 61 179 12 0 63 4 1313.08 282.90 0

370
JHARSUGUDA 72 40 42 8 0 28 2 377.65 137.37 0

371
SAMBALPUR 143 90 75 9 0 56 12 603.97 242.71 4

372
DEOGARH 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0

373
SUNDARGARH 255 172 154 19 0 86 15 1166.38 405.60 5

374
BHADRAK 193 86 93 8 0 98 2 652.98 398.21 1

378
JAJPUR 279 121 121 10 0 158 0 877.76 614.25 0

382
ANUGUL 208 90 144 9 0 58 6 883.38 238.49 0

384
BALANGIR 277 71 201 15 0 66 10 1146.05 311.29 4

393
RAYAGADA 168 43 122 11 0 26 20 819.50 135.67 2

396
NABARANGPUR 148 20 135 9 0 12 1 782.98 33.11 1

397
KORAPUT 217 62 169 16 0 26 22 1274.50 99.38 5

398
MALKANGIRI 97 17 73 9 0 8 16 602.89 57.96 3

399
Puducherry
PONDICHERRY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
635
KARAIKAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
637
Rajasthan
HANUMANGARH 34 88 33 3 0 1 0 296.05 6.56 0

100
CHURU 48 93 42 5 0 6 0 421.92 56.94 0

102
ALWAR 96 168 78 4 2 16 0 447.22 74.41 0

104
BHARATPUR 77 79 46 3 6 25 0 296.15 140.09 0

105
DHOLPUR 60 16 53 3 2 4 1 297.79 29.86 4

106
KARAULI 73 68 46 2 2 24 1 223.63 74.79 27

107
SAWAI
108 MADHOPUR 36 84 23 1 1 12 0 129.70 78.92 0
SIKAR 73 127 53 5 2 18 0 446.50 103.02 0
111
NAGAUR 152 153 127 12 3 22 0 1081.48 157.23 0

112
JODHPUR 86 186 64 5 0 22 0 520.80 72.43 23

113
JAISALMER 35 52 33 4 0 2 0 486.68 18.66 14

114
BARMER 144 115 114 11 0 30 0 1156.33 126.19 47

115
JALORE 117 60 99 5 4 14 0 667.89 103.22 3

116
PALI 66 107 48 4 4 14 0 469.34 90.80 13

118
AJMER 30 175 20 2 3 7 0 133.42 55.47 0

119
TONK 31 71 27 2 0 4 0 201.17 22.79 0

120
BHILWARA 95 95 71 4 5 19 0 397.54 131.02 0

122
RAJSAMAND 20 60 18 1 0 2 0 147.33 8.19 0

123
DUNGARPUR 89 39 70 2 3 16 0 283.99 56.92 4

124
BANSWARA 102 40 83 4 3 16 0 310.02 92.92 0

125
CHITTORGARH 61 80 45 4 1 15 0 352.42 44.60 0

126
BARAN 61 67 48 4 6 7 0 296.99 88.26 0

128
JHALAWAR 84 50 70 3 9 5 0 422.78 94.64 0
129
UDAIPUR 160 136 130 6 3 25 2 760.63 112.35 2

130
PRATAPGARH 95 26 78 4 0 17 0 485.21 69.63 7

131
Tamil Nadu
Number of
Number Number of Number of Connected Connected
District existing Satellite Total Fibre Fibre length Problem
District name of GPs in ONTs as per OLTs as per from Phase from BSNL
Code BSNL recommendation Length(km) reduced(km) Cases
Phase 2 IITB design IITB design 1 GP towers
Towers
THIRUVALLUR 522 14 519 15 0 3 0 1497.69 6.16 0

602
KANCHIPURAM 633 19 621 15 0 12 0 1991.95 31.44 1

604
DHARMAPURI 241 128 145 8 0 96 0 621.09 370.88 0

606
KRISHNAGIRI 317 166 185 10 0 132 0 721.68 504.44 7

607
TIRUVANNAMALAI 817 136 587 18 0 230 0 1697.10 580.48 15

608
KOTAGIRI 25 63 15 3 0 10 0 106.22 68.62 1

613
COIMBATORE 195 319 127 11 0 68 0 496.05 267.95 2

614
DINDIGUL 295 179 188 14 0 107 0 885.66 414.45 8

616
KARUR 148 171 95 8 0 53 0 463.22 242.09 3

617
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI 340 227 254 12 0 86 0 897.92 255.41 3
618
PERAMBALUR 156 183 114 7 0 42 0 431.76 150.26 3

619
ARIYALUR 192 104 152 6 0 40 0 525.20 132.84 0

620
CUDDALORE 664 282 404 13 0 260 0 1014.63 677.28 2

621
THIRUVARUR 418 200 262 10 0 156 0 709.05 441.38 0

623
THANJAVUR 558 273 465 14 0 93 0 1308.84 241.13 16

624
PUDUKKOTTAI 473 249 324 13 0 149 0 1198.50 521.31 11

625
MADURAI 415 193 265 13 0 150 0 849.73 416.33 3

627
THENI 124 61 82 8 0 42 0 327.27 112.99 0

628
VIRUDHUNAGAR 445 141 399 11 0 46 0 1329.57 150.48 1

629
RAMANATHAPURAM 393 100 236 11 0 157 0 903.42 438.94 42

630
TUTICORIN 401 192 267 12 0 134 0 977.36 446.26 0

631
KANNIYAKUMARI 92 199 40 9 0 52 0 138.00 110.97 0

633
Tripura
Number of
Towers
WEST TRIPURA 0 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
289
SOUTH TRIPURA 0 22 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
290
DHALAI 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
291
NORTH TRIPURA 19 23 12 3 0 7 0 40.68 36.68 0

292
Uttarakhand
Number of
Towers
UTTAR KASHI 397 54 340 11 0 41 16 1174.79 75.24 14

56
CHAMOLI 579 37 529 13 0 22 28 1743.58 56.44 8

57
RUDRA PRAYAG 311 33 276 8 0 17 18 1084.17 42.15 11

58
TEHRI GARHWAL 776 96 621 18 35 116 4 1993.77 331.35 65

59
DEHRADUN 139 107 109 3 0 26 4 335.63 32.33 55

60
PAURI GARHWAL 894 95 804 23 26 54 10 3366.17 175.25 31
61
PITHORAGARH 513 42 405 8 7 82 19 1172.45 111.39 67

62
BAGESHWAR 198 33 141 3 2 22 33 412.57 24.51 17

63
ALMORA 1038 83 917 17 3 115 3 2237.08 206.33 19

64
CHAMPAWAT 213 26 156 5 10 35 12 673.38 92.81 11

65
NAINITAL 239 79 175 6 6 52 6 675.39 138.04 41

66
UDHAMSINGH
67 NAGAR 84 58 14 2 3 67 0 57.11 88.90 15
Uttar Pradesh
Number of
Towers
MUZAFFARNAGAR 215 102 165 6 6 41 3 414.52 63.72 73
133
BIJNOR 279 92 191 4 6 82 0 1234.42 460.87 0

134
MORADABAD 433 82 416 6 12 5 0 83.24 9.94 2

135
RAMPUR 166 61 136 1 1 29 0 1534.43 43.2 0

136
JYOTIBA PHULE
137 NAGAR 333 18 233 5 8 51 41 450.63 206.4 31
MEERUT 193 68 119 7 0 74 0 686.61 81.03 51

138
BAGHPAT 63 34 43 2 3 17 0 821.16 167.16 2

139
GHAZIABAD 103 21 73 2 12 18 0 264.62 338.89 10

140
BULANDSHAHR 409 79 267 7 16 126 0 119.94 127.98 0

142
ALIGARH 433 96 286 6 50 97 0 333.5 218.8 0

143
MAHAMAYA NAGAR 152 37 88 3 16 47 1 615.1 144.15 0

144
MATHURA 201 62 128 5 14 59 0 907.7 85.03 5

145
AGRA 326 93 273 10 13 36 4 311.93 137.52 5

146
FIROZABAD 211 47 166 4 8 37 0 633.39 91.53 3

147
MAINPURI 161 54 81 3 25 55 0 900.52 182.34 0

148
BUDAUN 457 131 261 8 53 142 1 911.26 65.3 3

149
BAREILLY 452 98 298 8 40 113 1 162.85 68.22 75

150
PILIBHIT 252 36 198 3 11 43 0 539.25 375.29 32

151
SHAHJAHANPUR 359 50 230 3 36 93 0 194.52 121.65 18

152
KHERI 993 56 719 10 83 179 12 798.28 43.8 44
153
UNNAO 917 98 458 8 46 413 0 685.08 91.71 18

156
RAE BARELI 114 68 114 1 0 0 0 576.59 515.25 0

158
FARRUKHABAD 435 35 298 3 10 127 0 234.65 9.39 0

159
KANNAUJ 700 11 610 9 24 58 8 674.23 633.87 26

160
ETAWAH 34 42 27 1 2 5 0 295.38 248.8 2

161
AURAIYA 328 23 218 5 13 97 0 111.67 0 6

162
KANPUR DEHAT 520 32 253 8 50 217 0 511.48 57.24 162

163
KANPUR NAGAR 262 23 128 4 25 109 0 229.73 26.17 130

164
JALAUN 400 30 331 5 25 40 4 255.31 53.41 4

165
JHANSI 538 39 471 6 15 28 24 455.98 90.91 26

166
LALITPUR 346 18 304 4 25 17 0 1645.56 109.23 18

167
MAHOBA 112 35 81 1 15 16 0 612.66 148.81 0

169
BANDA 140 54 104 2 11 21 4 447.02 257.08 12

170
CHITRAKOOT 114 29 99 2 4 11 0 1289.19 417.11 0

171
FATEHPUR 871 40 718 7 36 115 2 907.24 178.16 62
172
PRATAPGARH 1125 73 368 8 61 696 0 617 167.31 4

173
KAUSHAMBI 545 18 466 5 5 74 0 969.86 988.01 6

174
ALLAHABAD 87 49 85 1 0 2 0 542.06 102.58 0

175
BARABANKI 474 62 259 4 6 209 0 748.2 383.17 32

176
AMBEDKAR NAGAR 361 49 257 1 2 102 0 645.16 10.01 2

178
BAHRAICH 1141 23 962 10 74 105 0 459.78 140.37 6

180
SHRAVASTI 384 13 283 3 47 52 2 1284.53 199.83 2

181
BALRAMPUR 802 10 640 7 62 46 54 1107.38 168.37 222

182
GONDA 1521 33 1166 12 66 287 2 438.44 734.97 58

183
BASTI 1689 19 1212 11 94 383 0 161.54 86.09 0

185
SANT KABEERNAGAR 778 21 581 5 15 182 0 1167.76 421.53 0

186
KUSHI NAGAR 1800 8 1693 14 16 89 2 139.89 61.4 4

189
DEORIA 2293 89 936 18 56 1299 2 195.21 43 56

191
BALLIA 620 50 588 7 0 32 0 805.65 328.77 110

193
JAUNPUR 1241 61 927 9 0 314 0 126.26 12.9 94
194
GHAZIPUR 1272 35 850 13 86 336 0 564.22 85.07 68

195
CHANDAULI 1069 14 924 8 9 134 2 586.08 225.33 10

196
SANT RAVIDAS
198 NAGAR 699 19 552 4 0 147 0 266.93 242.42 0
MIRZAPUR 727 48 630 9 8 83 6 1003.96 92.77 212

199
SONBHADRA 708 4 668 10 14 8 18 231.88 231.15 192

200
ETAH 168 69 88 3 16 64 0 593.1 147.5 0

201
KANSHIRAM NAGAR 227 35 108 4 41 77 1 957.85 273.19 2

202
Chapter 8
Modified Fibre Route Planning
8.1. Assumptions
As suggested by BBNL, new assumptions have been taken into account for fibre planning.
Following are the assumptions which have been incorporated into the tool along with the
results.
Maximum route length (along the road) from OLT to any GP is 50 km.
Maximum number of GPs connected wirelessly from an existing BSNL tower is 4.
Recommendation for satellite are based on the elevation profile between GPs.
For estimating total fibre length following calculations have been performed:
All unprocessed GPs are connected by fibre with an average fibre route length
of 4 km per GP.
Total number of unprocessed GPs = 35041
The total of fibre route length of unprocessed GPs= 35041 * 4 = 140164
For Pan-India,
Total fibre route length of processed and unprocessed GPs( ) = 140164 +
266588.5
= 406752.5 km
Total Duct length ( )=
= 406752.5 + 8135 = 414887.5 km
where,
= Total fibre route length of processed and unprocessed GPs
Total fibre length =

= 414887.5 + 41488.75= 456376.25 km
where,
= Total Duct length
8.2. Algorithm involving Fibre route planning with new assumptions

Below is the algorithm used in fibre network planning tool.
8.2.1. Inputs
Phase 1 and Phase 2 GP locations in latitude longitude pairs of a block
Road distance
Direction along the road
BSNL Rural Exchange
8.2.2. Processing
Part A: only Fibre network
Step 1 - Obtain the way-points* and distance along the road between each pair of GPs
within the block.
Step 2 - GPs without any road data are suggested for satellite connectivity.
Step 3 - Minimum Spanning Tree is created for the remaining GPs in a block along the
road.
Step 4 - GPON feasibility of each link is checked from a Block OLT to GP.
Step 5 - The GPs with unfeasible link as in step 4 are checked for GPON feasibility with
the next OLT.
Step 6 - Step 4 and 5 are repeated until all the GPs are checked for GPON feasibility
from all the OLTs present in the block.
Step 7 - GPON verified Minimum spanning tree is obtained.
Part B: Fibre and Wireless network
Step 1 - Perform Step 1 to Step 3 of Part A processing.

Step 2 - The GPs in the minimum spanning tree are connected wirelessly after checking
the following 2 conditions:
a. If the throughput requirement is less than 100 Mbps.
b. If wireless link is feasible from BSNL towers and Phase 1 GP to the
GP.
Step3 - Repeat Step 2 until no further wireless link can be established from BSNL
towers and Phase 1 GPs.
Way-points: Way-points are the intermediate points along the road, which help in identifying
the turns and directions along the road.
New algorithm is incorporated in the tool to generate state-wise results. Detailed district
wise results will produced after fine tuning the code.
Based on the assumptions mentioned above, following is the Pan-India fibre and wireless summary of the results.
Satellite
Recommendation
ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ANDHRA PRADESH 19303 3065 996 14655 3 4557 42 46 56476.27 63366.37
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH 924 86 85 595 26 139 117 47 2972.81 3335.493
ASSAM 33 91 5 7 2 24 0 0 50 56.1
BIHAR 1326 668 98 975 97 239 7 8 4591.78 5151.977
CHANDIGARH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CHHATTISGARH 5211 954 105 3596 76 1165 131 243 13248.23 14864.51
DADRA AND
NAGAR HAVELI 11 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 66 74.052
DAMAN & DIU 15 0 2 15 0 0 0 0 48 53.856
GOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GUJARAT 7942 1946 169 5513 1 2187 32 209 22092.53 24787.82
HARYANA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
HIMACHAL
PRADESH 2888 474 73 1776 16 737 11 348 8777.42 9848.265
JAMMU & KASHMIR 1807 185 53 1209 39 280 136 143 3180.64 3568.678
JHARKHAND 2545 1058 163 1871 0 582 37 55 9130.54 10244.47
KARNATAKA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
KERALA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LAKSHADWEEP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MADHYA PRADESH 6197 2053 85 3393 133 2171 26 474 13449.55 15090.4
MAHARASHTRA 7815 2387 167 6528 108 961 24 194 24082.02 27020.03
MANIPUR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MEGHALAYA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MIZORAM 438 33 21 274 7 11 17 129 1863.34 2090.667
NAGALAND 249 140 16 95 27 101 20 6 607 681.054
Satellite
Recommendation
NCT OF DELHI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ODISHA 2328 891 142 1503 0 735 67 23 10481.11 11759.81
PUDUCHERRY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PUNJAB 6469 2039 77 3745 262 2455 0 7 10564.01 11852.82
RAJASTHAN 2069 2235 104 1240 105 603 1 120 10769.82 12083.74
SIKKIM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TAMIL NADU 7982 3599 232 5823 0 2080 0 79 19476.92 21853.1
TRIPURA 19 117 5 6 0 13 0 0 32 35.904
UTTAR PRADESH 33653 2696 338 23824 1315 7014 69 1431 39511.39 44331.78
UTTARAKHAND 5735 743 116 4525 98 634 150 328 15117.1 16961.39
WEST BENGAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 114959 25460 3053 81179 2315 26688 887 3890 266588.48 299112.3
UNPROCESSED GPs 35041 - - - - - - - 140164 157264

GRAND TOTAL 150000 25460 3053 81179 2315 26688 887 3890 406752.5 456376.3
8.3. Plot of fibre and wireless network on MapInfo Pro
State Bihar
District Code 203
Block Code 1934
State Rajasthan
District Code 119
Block Code 566
State Odisha
District Code 307
Block Code 3311
Table of figures
Figure 1: Throughput requirement according to population and 1:25 contention ratio ..................15
Figure 2: Fresnel Zone .......................................................................................................................17
Figure 3: Fresnel Zones created with Tx Antenna at 9m height and Rx Antenna at 9m height ......18
Figure 4: Fresnel Zones created with Tx Antenna at 15m height and Rx Antenna at 15m height ..18
Figure 5: Fresnel Zones created with Tx Antenna at 9m height and Rx Antenna at 30m height ....19
Figure 6: GPON Architecture ...........................................................................................................23
Figure 7: Data transfer in downstream direction ..............................................................................24
Figure 8: Data transfer in upstream direction ...................................................................................24
References
[1] Planning for BharatNet Phase 2, 'Report on IITB Bharatnet Planning Tool', July, 2016.
About the Report
This report is a planning document for Phase 2 deployment of BharatNet. Here we are
designing the network topology of fibre and wireless links. The planning will help to
expedite deployment as near-to-accurate overview of links and materials has been
generated by the tool.
We have also provided recommendations for GPs to be connected via satellite. State-wise
and district-wise results have been provided with an account of all the assumptions taken
into consideration.

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PLANNING FOR

Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay

Prof Abhay Karandikar

Prof Prasanna Chaporkar

Dr Sarbani Banerjee Belur

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Bharat Broadband Nigam Limited

UNPROCESSED GPs 35041 - - - - - - - 140164 157264

1.2. Planning Objectives

1.3. IIT Bombay BharatNet Planning Tool

1. Throughput requirement calculations

3.2. Design parameters and its features

Each of these questions is discussed in detail in the following chapters.

4.2. Technology Choice

Table 1: Features of Unlicensed Band Radio Spectrum Backhaul

Key factors Features of Unlicensed Band Radio Spectrum Backhaul

Spectrum 5.48 GHz (unlicensed spectrum)

Reach P2MP: up to 6 km; P2P: up to 25 km

Performance Medium due to possibilities of spectrum interference.

Maintenance Maintenance costs are higher than optical fibre.

Data rate for 80 MHz channel for 802.11ac devices

Table 2: Data rate for 80 MHz channel for 802.11ac devices

390 -65 55 0.82

Summary of design constraints are as follows:

Tower height at any GP should not be more than 15m,

4.4. Power Availability

Arunachal Pradesh 73.3

A village would be declared as electrified if:

5.1. Estimation of Throughput

5.1.1. Methodology for obtaining GP Population

The villages are mapped to their respective GP,

The above steps results in the calculation of GP population.

5.1.2. Calculating throughput based on the population

Step 1 - Assume a Gram Panchayat has total population to be T.

5.2. Determining the Distance based Link Feasibility

Locations (Latitude and Longitude) of Phase-I and Phase-II GP offices

5.3. RF Planning, Tower Heights and Achievable Throughputs

Wireless link feasibility between two given geo-locations,

5.3.2. Calculating received signal strength

Equivalent isotropically radiated power

5.3.2.1. Free space path loss

Signal frequency (in hertz),

This equation can be expressed in terms of decibel as below:

For , in kilometres and gigahertz, respectively, the constant becomes 92.45.

5.3.2.2. Fresnel zones

Figure 2: Fresnel Zone

5.3.2.3. Deciding tower heights

5.3.3. Translating Received Signal Power to achievable throughput

Following are the inputs to the program:

1. Tx and Rx positions are in terms of latitude/longitude pairs.

5.3.4.3. Link Feasibility Code Details

The code is divided into two parts:

1. Fresnel zone clearance -

2. Fade margin calculations -

Position of Transmitter (Tx) and Receiver (Rx)

Set antenna heights at maximum TxHeight and

Make 512 samples of the distance between Tx and

i is incremented by 1 Determine Maximum

6.1. GPON architecture