CHAPTER 11, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSICAL THERAPY 793 Comprehension Questions NOs = The term “cardiac output” refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart A. During any 24-hour period. B. Relative to body mass. C. Relative to respiratory rate. D. During 1 minute. . What is the function of the pulmonary arteries? . Which component of blood is the primary transporter of oxygen in mammals and many other species? . In the heart, what is the function of the AV node? . On which side of the heart is the tricuspid valve? . From which arteries does the heart receive its own blood supply? . Which of the four chambers of the heart receives blood from the systemic circulation via the superior vena cavae? . What causes the first heart sound (lubb)? |. The tricuspid and mitral valves differ from the semilunar valves in that the latter A. Are subjected to more stress and pressure. B. Are located within the heart. C. Do not have attachments to papillary muscles. D. Have attachments to papillary muscles. The state of the cardiac chamber during its period of contraction is known as A. Syncope. B. Diastole. C. Systole. D. None of the above. - True or false: Starling’s law states that within physiologic limits, stretching of the heart muscle will increase the vigor of contractions. A. True. B. False. . The clinical signs and symptoms of severe heart failure include all of the following except ‘A. Hypertrophy. B. Resultant congestive heart failure. C. Lower than normal cardiac output. D. Higher than normal cardiac output.794 SECTION ll, TESTS AND MEASURES 13. 20 21. True or false: For any given cardiac output, the mean pressure will be controlled by the resistance factor. A. True. B. False. The heart sounds heard by using a stethoscope over the anterior surface of the chest are associated primarily with ‘A. A combination of the respiratory intake plus the heartbeat. B. The contraction of the ventricles. C. The contractions of the atria. D. The opening and closing of the four major heart valves. . What is the function of the chordae tendineae? }. True or false: Cardiac tissue has the ability to depolarize spontaneously—to contract without external nervous stimulation. A. True. B. False. . Which of the following is the normal conduction pathway for muscular contraction of the heart to follow? A. Left ventricle, right ventricle, atrium. B. Right atrium, left atrium, ventricles. C. Left atrium, right atrium, ventricles. D. Right ventricle, left ventricle, atrium. All ofthe following are involved with peripheral circulation except A. Arteries. B. Capillaries. C. Veins. D. Sinuses. ). At what part of the cardiac cycle do the coronary arteries receive the majority of their blood flow? Al ofthe following are signs and symptoms associated with atherosclerosis except: A. Increase in systolic pressure. B. Little or no increase in diastolic pressure. C. Large increase in pulse pressure. D. No appreciable change in mean pressure. The specialized receptors lying in the carotid sinus and the aortic arch involve all of the following except A. Mechanoreceptors. B. Pressoreceptors. C. Baroreceptors. D. Chemoreceptors. Active forces that contribute to lymphatic flow include all ofthe following except A. Skeletal muscle function. B. Negative intrathoracic pressure. C. Lymphatic valves. D. Cardiac function.23. 24, 26. 2 28. 29. 30. CHAPTER 11, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSICALTHERAPY 795, What effect does the Bainbridge reflex have? Factors promoting venous return to the heart during exercise include all of the following except: A. Comparative ease of flow from arteries to veins through dilated skeletal muscle arterioles. B. Increase in venous tone, C. Increased respiratory movements. D. Decreased peristalsis . Edema may be defined as all ofthe following except A. Brawny or indurated. B. Excess fluid in the interstitial space. C. Acquired or congenital D. Excess fluid in the intercellular space. Clinical signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure include A. Orthopnea B. Cyanosis C. Pitting edema. D. All of the above. Hypertrophy ofthe left ventricle ofthe heart is associated with A. Aortic stenosis. B. Mitral stenosis. C. Pulmonary stenosis. D. None of the above. The clinical features of right ventricular hypertrophy in congestive heart failure do not include which of the following? A. Cyanosis. B. Dyspnea C. Edema of the lower extremities. D. Ascites. Which of the following cardiovascular disorders causes hypertrophy of the left ventricle? A. Pulmonary hypertension. B. Systemic hypotension. C. Stenosis of the mitral valves. D. Stenosis of the aortic valves, Which of the following clinical features of congestive heart failure would not be attributable to right ventricular failure? A. Pulmonary edema. B. Increase in venous pressure. C. Peripheral edema. D. Congestion of the liver796 SECTION TESTS AND MEASURES 31. The most frequent area of involvement for myocardial infarction is in the A. Right ventricle. B. Right atrium. C. Left ventricle. D. Left atrium. 32. A disease involving the aorta and its large branches is called A. Arteriosclerosis. B. Atherosclerosis. C. Arteriolosclerosis. D. Venosclerosis. 33. The P-wave of an ECG corresponds to which ofthe following? A. Mitral depolarization. B. Atrial depolar C. Mitral repolarization. D. Atrial repolarization. 34. The T-wave of an ECG is generated by A. Atrial repolarization. B. Atrial depolarization. C. Ventricular repolarization. D. Ventricular depolarization. 35, Intermittent claudication in the lower extremities suggests A. Still's disease. B. Raynaud! disease. C. Buerger’s disease. D. Pott’s disease. 36. Acute bacterial endocarditis may develop from A. Gonococci. B. Pneumococci. C. Streptococci. D. All of the above. 37. The closure of the mitral valve occurs when A. Left atrial pressure equals left ventricular pressure. B. Left ventricular pressure exceeds let atrial pressure. C. Left atrial pressure exceeds aortic pressure. D. Left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricle pressure. 38. One of the early symptoms of mitral stenosis is A. Palpitations. B. Angina. C. Chest pain. D. Dyspnea with exertion,CHAPTER 11. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSICALTHERAPY 797, 39. The physiologic actions of epinephrine includ A. Decreased blood pressure. B. Peripheral vasodilation. C. Increased heart rate. D. Vasoconstriction of cardiac muscle blood vessels. 40. What is the normal resting blood pressure for adults? 41. Describe the classic triad for the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. 42. Where do most deep vein thromboses (DVT) originate? 43. When do most postoperative DVTs occur? 44. Whaat is the most serious complication of DVT? 45, What prophylactic measures are recommended to prevent DVT? 46. What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary thromboembolism? Answers 1. The answer is D. 2. To carry oxygen-deficient blood that has just returned from the body to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. 3. Hemoglobin. 4. To delay the impulse from the SA node. 5. The right side. 6. The right and left coronary arteries. 7. Right atrium, 8. The AV valves closing. 9. The answer is C. 10, The answer is C. 11. The answer is A. This statement is true. 12. The answer is D. 13, The answer is A. This statement is true. 14. The answer is D. 15. To prevent the valves from everting when the ventricles contract, thereby stopping any backflow of blood. 16. The answer is A. This statement is true. 17. The answer is B. The answer is D.798 SECTION Il TESTS AND MEASURES 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27, 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. During diastole. The answer is D. The answer is D. The answer is D. The reflex decreases the sympathetic input and heart rate on those occasions when the heart is beating too rapidly. The answer is D. The answer is D. The answer is D. The answer is A. The answer is B. The answer is D. The answer is A. The answer is C. The answer is B. The answer is B. The answer is C. The answer is C. The answer is D. The answer is B. The answer is D. The answer is C. Systolic blood pressure < 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure < 80 mm Hg. Venous stasis, vascular damage, and hypercoagulability, The calf veins. 50% occur within the first 24 hours; 85% occur within the first 4 days. Pulmonary embolism. Early ambulation, extremity elevation, range-of-motion exercises, graduated elastic stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression stockings, and anticoagulation measures. The clinical presentation may be variable, but most often patients have dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, hypoxemia, and tachypnea.