INTEGRATION & APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS

POINTS TO REMEMBER:
A: Integration of standard functions
1. ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑪 𝒙𝒎+𝟏
8. ∫ 𝒙𝒎 𝒅𝒙 = + 𝑪 ; where
𝒎+𝟏
2. ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝑪
m≠–1
3. ∫ 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝑪 𝟏
9. ∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 |𝒙| + 𝑪
4. ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = − 𝑪𝒐𝒕 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟏
5. ∫ 𝑺𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑺𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝑪 10. ∫ 𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪
6. ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒕 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 11. ∫
𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐒𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪
√𝟏−𝒙𝟐
−𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟏
7. ∫ 𝒆 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪
𝒙 12. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐒𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪
√𝒙𝟐 −𝟏

B: Integration by substitution
1. ∫
𝒇/ (𝒙)
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝑪 3. ∫ 𝒇[𝒈(𝒙)]𝒈/ (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒇(𝒕)𝒅𝒕 +
𝒇(𝒙)
𝑪
𝒇/ (𝒙)
2. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐√𝒇(𝒙) + 𝑪 Where 𝒕 = 𝒈(𝒙)
√𝒇(𝒙)
C: Integration using trigonometric identities
𝟏−𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙
1. ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 − 𝟐 ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 − +𝒄
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏+𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙
2. ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐 ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 + +𝒄
𝟐 𝟒
𝟑 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙−𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙
3. ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟒 ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − 𝟒 ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = − +
𝟒 𝟒
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙
+𝒄
𝟏𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙+𝟑 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟏 𝟑 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟑 𝒙
4. ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = +
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙
+𝒄
𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
5. ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒙. 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫ 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫[𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙 +
𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝒙] 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
6. ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒙. 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫ 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫[𝑪𝒐𝒔 (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝒙 −
𝑪𝒐𝒔 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙] 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
7. ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒙. 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫ 𝟐𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫[𝑪𝒐𝒔 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙 +
𝑪𝒐𝒔 (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝒙] 𝒅𝒙

D: Integration of special functions

𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝒙
1. ∫ 𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 = 𝒂 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒂 + 𝑪 7. ∫ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 +
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙−𝒂 𝒂𝟐
2. ∫ 𝒙𝟐 −𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒈 |𝒙+𝒂| + 𝑪 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 | + 𝑪
𝟐
𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝟏
3. ∫ 𝒂𝟐 −𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒈 |𝒂−𝒙| + 𝑪
𝒂+𝒙 8. ∫ √𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 √𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 −
𝒂𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 | + 𝑪
4. ∫ = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 | +𝑪 𝟐
√ 𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝒂𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 9. ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒂 +
5. ∫ = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 | +𝑪 𝟐
√ 𝒙𝟐 −𝒂𝟐 𝑪
𝒅𝒙 𝒙
6. ∫ = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒂 + 𝑪
√ 𝒂𝟐 −𝒙𝟐

1
 Every quadratic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 can be expressed in one of the three forms
(𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ), (𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 ) or (𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ) by completing square method
7 5
Example: 3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 5 = 3 (𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 + 3) [see that x coefficient is 1]
𝟕
[Add and subtract square of (half the x coefficient) i.e. 𝟔]
2
7 49 49 5 7 2 11 7 2 √11
3 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + − + ) = 3 [(𝑥 − ) + ] = 3 [(𝑥 − ) + ( ) ]
3 36 36 3 6 36 6 6
7 √11
It is in the form of (𝑡 2 + 𝑎2 ) where 𝑡 = 𝑥 − and 𝑎 =
6 6

E: Integration of quadratic equations

𝒅𝒙
1. ∫ 𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏Express Q. E as ±(𝒙𝟐 ± 𝒂𝟐 ) and use 1,2 and 3 formulae
𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅
2. ∫ 𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒙 Find A, B Such that L.E= A.𝒅𝒙 (𝑸. 𝑬)+B, separate integrals and
proceed
𝒅𝒙
3. ∫ Express Q. E as ±(𝒙𝟐 ± 𝒂𝟐 ) and use 4,5 and 6 formulae
√𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅
4. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 Find A, B Such that L.E= A.𝒅𝒙 (𝑸. 𝑬)+B, separate integrals and
√𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
proceed
5. ∫ √𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒙 Express Q. E as ±(𝒙𝟐 ± 𝒂𝟐 ) and use 7,8 and 9 formulae

𝑃(𝑥)
A rational expression 𝑄(𝑥) is called proper if degree of 𝑃(𝑥) is smaller than degree of 𝑄(𝑥)
𝑃(𝑥)
If 𝑄(𝑥) is proper and the polynomial 𝑄(𝑥) can be expressed as product of linear/quadratic factors,
then it can be decomposed into small fractions called partial fractions.
𝑃(𝑥) 𝑃(𝑥) 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
 𝑄(𝑥)
= (𝑥−𝑎)(𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐)(𝑥−𝑑) = 𝑥−𝑎 + 𝑥−𝑏 + 𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑥−𝑑(All non-repeated linear factors only)
𝑃(𝑥) 𝑃(𝑥) 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
 𝑄(𝑥)
= (𝑥−𝑎)2(𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐) = 𝑥−𝑎 + (𝑥−𝑎)2 + 𝑥−𝑏 + 𝑥−𝑐 (Repeated but linear factors only )
𝑃(𝑥) 𝑃(𝑥) 𝐴𝑥+𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
 𝑄(𝑥)
= (𝑥 2 +𝑎2 )(𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐) = 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 + 𝑥−𝑏 + 𝑥−𝑐(involve non-repeated quadratic factors)

𝒅
6. ∫ 𝒍𝒊𝒏. 𝑬𝒒 √𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒅. 𝑬𝒒𝒅𝒙 Find A, B Such that L.E= A.𝒅𝒙 (𝑸. 𝑬)+B, separate integrals and
proceed
F: Integration of a rational expression
1. If it is proper, decompose it into partial fractions and then integrate
𝑷(𝒙) 𝑹(𝒙)
2. If it is not proper, divide 𝒑(𝒙) by Q(x) 𝑸(𝒙) = 𝑸𝒖𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 + 𝑸(𝒙)
𝑹(𝒙)
And 𝑸(𝒙) can be split into partial fractions as it is proper

2
G: Integration by parts
1. ∫ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙) ∫ 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ 𝒇/ (𝒙) (∫ 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙)𝒅𝒙( learn ILATE rule)
2. ∫ 𝒆𝒙 [𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇/ (𝒙)]𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝑪
H: Definite Integrals
𝒃 𝒄 𝒄
1. ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 + ∫𝒃 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝒂
2. ∫−𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(−𝒙) = −𝒇(𝒙)
𝒂 𝒂
3. ∫−𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(−𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒂 𝒂
4. ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝒃 𝒂
5. ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒃 − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟐𝒂
6. ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(𝟐𝒂 − 𝒙) = −𝒇(𝒙)
𝟐𝒂 𝒂
7. ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(𝟐𝒂 − 𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙)
I: Definite integral by limit Sum method
𝒃
1. To find ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙; follow the steps mentioned below.
2. Write𝒏𝒉 = 𝒃 − 𝒂 (constant)
3. Find 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉)
𝒃
4. Substitute the in the formula ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 ∑𝒏𝒓=𝟏 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉)
𝒏→∞
𝒏(𝒏+𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)(𝟐𝒏)+𝟏
5. Use values : 𝒏𝒉 = 𝒃 − 𝒂, ∑ 𝟏 = 𝒏, ∑ 𝒓 = , ∑ 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∑ 𝒓𝟑 =
𝟐 𝟔
𝒏𝟐 (𝒏+𝟏)𝟐
𝟒
J: Application of Integrals
𝒃
∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙denote the area under the curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) bounded by three lines 𝒙 =
𝒂, 𝒙 = 𝒃 and y=0.
To find the area bounded by a curve and a curve/straight line,
a. First find the points of intersection where the curve intersects the
curve/line.
b. Draw the rough sketch of the curve and curve/straight line
c. Write the required area using definite integrals and then solve.

Questions for practice

𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒙−𝒂) 𝟐𝒙+𝟏

1. Evaluate ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒙+𝒂) 𝒅𝒙 11. Evaluate ∫ (𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙−𝟑) 𝒅𝒙
(𝟑𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙−𝟐)𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟓𝒙−𝟐
2. Evaluate ∫ 𝟓−𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙−𝟒𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 12. Evaluate ∫ 𝟏+𝟐𝒙+𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 −𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙
3. Evaluate ∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) 𝒅𝒙 13. Evaluate ∫ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙+𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙
−𝟏 𝟏−𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 14. Evaluate ∫(𝒙 + 𝟑) √𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
4. Evaluate ∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏
5. Evaluate ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟒 15. Evaluate ∫ (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙+𝟐) 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒙𝟐
6. Evaluate ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙+𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 16. Evaluate ∫ (𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 +𝟒) 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
7. Evaluate ∫
√(𝒙−𝟏)(𝒙−𝟐)
𝒅𝒙 17. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙
8. Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙 18. Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙
√𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟑 √𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝟔𝒙+𝟕 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
9. Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙 19. Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝒙 ((𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒙
√(𝒙−𝟓)(𝒙−𝟒)
𝟏 𝟏−𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙
10. Evaluate ∫ 𝟗𝒙𝟐 +𝟔𝒙+𝟓 𝒅𝒙 20. Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 (𝟏−𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙) 𝒅𝒙

3
 𝟒 𝝅
21. Evaluate ∫𝟎 (|𝒙| + |𝒙 − 𝟐| + 28. Evaluate ∫ 𝝅
𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝟏+√𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙
|𝒙 − 𝟒|)𝒅𝒙 𝟔
𝝅
𝝅 𝟒𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙
22. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝟏+𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 29. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟒

𝝅 𝝅
𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙
23. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 + 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 30. Evaluate ∫𝟎𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙+𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝝅⁄𝟐
24. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒙𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 31. Evaluate
𝝅 𝝅

25. Evaluate
𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙+𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙
∫𝟎𝟒 𝟗+𝟏𝟔 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ∫𝟎𝟐 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝝅 𝝅 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝟑 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙+𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙
32. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
26. Evaluate ∫ 𝝅 𝒅𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙+𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙
𝟔
√𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏+𝒙)
27. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝟑
33. Evaluate ∫𝟏 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 by the method of limit of sums.
𝟐
34. Evaluate ∫−𝟏(𝟕𝒙 − 𝟓)𝒅𝒙 by the method of limit of sums
𝟒
35. Evaluate ∫𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 by the method of limit of sums
36. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝒚 = |𝒙 + 𝟏| +
𝟏, 𝒙 = −𝟑, 𝒙 = 𝟑, 𝒚 = 𝟎
37. Using the integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚
and the line 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐
38. Sketch the graph of 𝒚 = |𝒙 + 𝟑|and evaluate the area under the curve 𝒚 = |𝒙 +
𝟑|above x-axis and between 𝒙 = −𝟔to 𝒙 = 𝟎.
39. Using the integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 and
𝒚=𝒙
40. Find the area of the circle 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗which is interior to the parabola 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚.
41. Using integration find the area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices
are A(4, 1), B(6, 6) and C(8, 4).
42. Using the integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have
equations 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 and 𝒙 = 𝟒
43. Using the integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have
equations 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐, 𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟏 and 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕
44. Using the integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 and (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒

HINTS/SOLUTIONS

1 𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒙 − 𝒂) Write 𝒙 + 𝒂 = 𝒕, expand 𝑺𝒊𝒏(𝒕 − 𝟐𝒂)

∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒙 + 𝒂) Ans: (𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒂 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒙 +
𝒂)| + 𝑪
2 (𝟑𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 − 𝟐)𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 Put sin x = t, continue as in problem 13
∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝟒
𝟓 − 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟒𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 Ans: 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝟐 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙| + (𝟐−𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙) + 𝑪
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝝅
3 −𝟏 Divide Nr and Dr by cos x, replace 1 by 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒
∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( ) 𝒅𝒙
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝝅 𝒙𝟐
Ans: 𝟒 𝒙 − +𝑪
𝟐

4
4 𝟏 − 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒙𝟐
∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) 𝒅𝒙 Use identities Ans: +𝑪
𝟒
𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙
5 Write 𝟏 − 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙
∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟑 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙
Ans: 𝟖 𝒙 − 𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐 + 𝑪
6 𝟏 Multiply and divide by 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝟒 𝒙, and put𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 =
∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙
𝟒 𝒕
𝟏
𝟏+𝒕𝟐 𝟏+ 𝟐
𝒕
Obtain the form ∫ 𝟏+𝒕𝟒 𝒅𝒕 = ∫ 𝟏 𝒅𝒕, let 𝒕 −
𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒕
𝟏
=𝒚
𝒕
𝒅𝒚 𝟏 (𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙−𝟏)
Obtain the form ∫ 𝒚𝟐 +𝟐= 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 [ ]+
√𝟐 √𝟐𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙
𝑪
7 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
∫ 𝒅𝒙 Write √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 = √(𝒙 − ) − ( ) use
√(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟐) 𝟐 𝟐
formula D5
𝟑
Ans: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒙 − 𝟐| + √(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟐) + 𝑪
8 𝒙+𝟐 𝟏
Write 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟐 (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑) + 𝟐
𝟏
Sol:
∫ 𝒅𝒙
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |(𝒙 + 𝟏)
+ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑| + 𝑪
9 𝟔𝒙+𝟕 Similar to previous problem given for practice
Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙
√(𝒙−𝟓)(𝒙−𝟒)
10 Evaluate ∫ 𝟏 Similar to previous problem given for practice
𝒅𝒙
𝟗𝒙𝟐 +𝟔𝒙+𝟓
11 Evaluate ∫ 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 Similar to previous problem given for practice
(𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙−𝟑)
12 Evaluate ∫ 𝟓𝒙−𝟐 𝒅𝒙 Similar to previous problem given for practice
𝟏+𝟐𝒙+𝟑𝒙𝟐
13 Evaluate ∫ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 Similar to previous problem given for practice
14 Evaluate ∫(𝒙 + Similar to previous problem given for practice
𝟑) √𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
15 Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏 −𝟐
Write (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙+𝟐) =𝒙+𝟏 + (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 + 𝒙+𝟐 and
𝟏 𝟑
(𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙+𝟐)
integrate
𝟏
Ans: −𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝒙 + 𝟏| + 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝒙 + 𝟐| − 𝒙+𝟏
16 Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟒 𝟏
(𝒙 +𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 +𝟒)
𝟐 𝒅𝒙 Write (𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 +𝟒) = 𝟑(𝒙𝟐 +𝟒) − 𝟑(𝒙𝟐 +𝟏) then
integrate
17 Evaluate ∫ 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 −𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 ∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − ∫
𝟏
( ) 𝒅𝒙 (by parts)
√𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝟐

(𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟏) 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 𝒙√𝟏−𝒙𝟐

Ans: + +𝑪
𝟒 𝟒
18 Evaluate ∫ 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 −𝟏
Take 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝒕 and use by parts formula
√𝟏−𝒙
𝟐
Ans: −𝒙 − 𝐂𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙 (√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝑪
19 Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝒙 ( 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 ) 𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏+𝟐 𝒙−𝟏
((𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 ) = (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 = 𝒙+𝟏 + (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 , 𝒅𝒙 (𝒙+𝟏) =
𝟐 𝒅 𝒙−𝟏
(𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
𝟐
(𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
𝒙−𝟏
Ans: 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙+𝟏) + 𝑪

5
 𝒕 𝒕
20 Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 ( 𝟏−𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 (put 𝟏−𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝟏 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝟐 𝒕
𝟏−𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 (𝟏−𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒕) = 𝒕 − 𝒕 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 +
𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐
2x=t) 𝟏 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐

𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
Ans: 𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒙 (−𝑪𝒐𝒕𝒙)+C
21 Evaluate For 𝟎 < 𝑥 < 4, |𝒙| = 𝒙; and For 𝟎 < 𝑥 < 2,
𝟒 |𝒙 − 𝟐| = 𝟐 − 𝒙; For 𝟐 < 𝑥 < 4, |𝒙 − 𝟐| = 𝒙 −
∫ (|𝒙| + |𝒙 − 𝟐| + |𝒙 − 𝟒|)𝒅𝒙 𝟐; For 𝟎 < 𝑥 < 4, |𝒙 − 𝟒| = 𝟒 − 𝒙
𝟎
𝟐
∴ ∫ (𝒙 + 𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟒 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟒
+ ∫ (𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟐 + 𝟒 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐 𝟒 𝒙𝟐
∫𝟎 (𝟔 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 + ∫𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝒅𝒙=[𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐
] +
𝟎
𝟒
𝒙𝟐
[ 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙] = 𝟐𝟎
𝟐
22 Evaluate ∫𝝅 𝟒𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 Use rule H4, add both integrals,𝟐𝑰 =
𝟎 𝟏+𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝝅 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙.𝒅𝒙
𝟒𝝅 ∫𝟎 𝟏+𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝒅𝒕
Put cosx =t, 𝑰 = 𝟐𝝅 ∫−𝟏 𝟏+𝒕𝟐 = 𝟐𝝅[𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒕]𝟏−𝟏
=𝝅𝟐
23 Evaluate ∫𝝅 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 + 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 Use rule H4, add both integrals,𝟐𝑰 =
𝟎 𝝅
∫𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝝅
Use rule H7,𝟐𝑰 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙, Use rule H4
again add integrals … Ans𝑰 = −𝝅. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐
24 Evaluate ∫𝝅⁄𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒙𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝟐 ∫ 𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙
= −𝒙𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙
+ 𝟐𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝝅
Ans: [−𝒙𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟐𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙]𝟎 =𝝅 − 𝟐

𝟐
𝝅
25 Evaluate 𝟒 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙+𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔(𝟏 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙) =
∫𝟎 𝟗+𝟏𝟔 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔𝒕𝟐 where Sin x – Cos x = t, after
substitution,it becomes
𝟎 𝒅𝒕 𝟏 𝟓−𝟒𝒕 𝟎 𝟏
∫−𝟏 𝟐𝟓−𝟏𝟔𝒕𝟐=[𝟐.𝟓.𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝟓+𝟒𝒕|] =𝟒𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟗
−𝟏
𝝅
26 𝟑 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙+𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 √𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 = √𝟏 − (𝟏 − 𝑺𝑰𝒏𝟐𝒙) = √𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
Evaluate ∫
𝝅 𝒅𝒙
𝟔
√𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 where Sin x – Cos x = t, after substitution, it
becomes
−𝟏+√𝟑
𝒅𝒕 √𝟑−𝟏
∫ 𝟐
𝟏−√𝟑 √
Ans: 2𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝟏−𝒕𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
𝝅
27 Evaluate ∫𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏+𝒙) Put x = Tan t, with that 𝑰 = ∫𝟎𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 +
𝟎 𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕) 𝒅𝒕
𝝅
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
Use rule H4, 𝑰 = ∫𝟎𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏 + 𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕) 𝒅𝒕 =
𝝅
𝟐
∫𝟎𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕) 𝒅𝒕

6
 𝝅
𝟒 𝝅
𝑰 = ∫ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒅𝒕 − 𝑰 ⇒ 𝟐𝑰 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 ⇒ 𝑰
𝟎 𝟒
𝝅
= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝟖 𝝅
28 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Evaluate ∫ 𝝅 Use rule H5, ∫ 𝝅 = ∫𝝅𝟑 =
𝟏+√𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝟏+√𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝟏+√𝑪𝒐𝒕𝒙
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
𝝅
√𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙
∫𝝅𝟑 𝟏+√𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
𝟔
𝝅
𝟑 𝝅
Add 𝟐𝑰 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 ⇒ 𝑰 = 𝟏𝟐
𝝅
𝟔
𝝅
29 Evaluate 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 Refer problem 27
∫𝟎
𝝅 𝝅
30 Evaluate 𝟐 𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 Use Rule H4, simplify to get𝑰 = 𝟒 ∫𝟎𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙+𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙
𝝅 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙𝒅𝒙
∫𝟎 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙+𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙 + 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙 = 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟏 let
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒕
𝝅 𝟏 𝒅𝒕 𝝅 𝟏 𝒅𝒕
𝑰= ∫ = ∫
𝟖 𝟎 𝟐𝒕𝟐 − 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏 𝟏𝟔 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟒
𝝅𝟐
=
𝟑𝟐
31 Evaluate Given for practice use H4
𝝅
∫𝟎𝟐 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
32 Evaluate ∫𝝅 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 Use rule H4, simplify to get 𝟐𝑰 =
𝟎 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙+𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝝅 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝝅 ∫𝟎 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙+𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝝅
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
Apply H7, 𝟐𝑰 = 𝟐𝝅 ∫𝟎𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙+𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ⇒ 𝑰 =
𝝅
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝝅 ∫𝟎𝟐 𝟏+𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝑰 = 𝝅∫ = 𝝅 ∫ (𝟏 − ) 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝟏 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟎 𝟏 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝝅
𝟐 𝟏 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙
= 𝝅 ∫ (𝟏 − ) 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝝅
𝝅
𝑰 = 𝝅[𝒙 − 𝑻𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒙]𝟎𝟐 Ans: 𝟐 (𝝅 − 𝟐)

𝟑
34. Evaluate ∫𝟏 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 by the method of limit of sums.
Here 𝒏𝒉 = 𝒃 − 𝒂 = 𝟑 − 𝟏 = 𝟐, and 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝒇(𝟏 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝟑(𝟏 + 𝒓𝒉)𝟐 + 𝟏 =
𝟑𝒓𝟐 𝒉𝟐 + 𝟔𝒓𝒉 + 𝟒
𝟑
∫𝟏 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 ∑ 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 ∑ 𝟑𝒓𝟐 𝒉𝟐 + 𝟔𝒓𝒉 + 𝟒
𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞
𝟑𝒉𝟑 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)(𝟐𝒏+𝟏) 𝟔𝒉𝟐 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)
𝐥𝐢𝐦 {𝟑𝒉𝟑 ∑ 𝟐 𝒓 + 𝟔𝒉 𝟐∑
𝒓 + 𝟒𝒉 ∑ 𝟏} = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 { + + 𝟒𝒉𝒏}
𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞ 𝟔 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑. 𝟐𝟑 (𝟏 + 𝒏)(𝟐 + 𝒏) 𝟔. 𝟐𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒏)
𝐥𝐢𝐦 { + + 𝟒. 𝟐} = 𝟐𝟖
𝒏→∞ 𝟔 𝟐

7
 𝟐
35. Evaluate ∫−𝟏(𝟕𝒙 − 𝟓)𝒅𝒙 by the method of limit of sums
Here 𝒏𝒉 = 𝒃 − 𝒂 = 𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟑, and 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝒇(−𝟏 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝟕(−𝟏 + 𝒓𝒉) −
𝟓 = 𝟕𝒓𝒉 − 𝟏𝟐
𝟐
∫−𝟏(𝟕𝒙 − 𝟓)𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 ∑ 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 ∑ 𝟕𝒓𝒉 − 𝟏𝟐
𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞
𝟕𝒉𝟐 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)
𝐥𝐢𝐦 {𝟕𝒉𝟐 ∑ 𝒓 − 𝟏𝟐𝒉 ∑ 𝟏} = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 { − 𝟏𝟐𝒉𝒏}
𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞ 𝟐
𝟏
𝟕. 𝟑𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒏) 𝟗
𝐥𝐢𝐦 { − 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑} = −
𝒏→∞ 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒
36. Evaluate ∫𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 by the method of limit of sums
Here 𝒏𝒉 = 𝒃 − 𝒂 = 𝟒 − 𝟏 = 𝟑, and 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝒇(𝟏 + 𝒓𝒉) = (𝟏 + 𝒓𝒉)𝟐 −
(𝟏 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝒓𝟐 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒓𝒉
𝟒
∫𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 ∑ 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒓𝒉) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 ∑ 𝒓𝟐 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒓𝒉
𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞
𝒉𝟑 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)(𝟐𝒏+𝟏) 𝒉𝟐 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)
𝐥𝐢𝐦 {𝒉𝟑 ∑ 𝟐 𝒓 +𝒉 𝟐∑
𝒓} = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 { + }
𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞ 𝟔 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑𝟑 (𝟏+ )(𝟐+ ) 𝟑𝟐 (𝟏+ ) 𝟗 𝟐𝟕
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 { + }=𝟗+𝟐=
𝒏→∞ 𝟔 𝟐 𝟐

37. Using integration, find the area of the region

bounded by the curves 𝒚 = |𝒙 + 𝟏| + 𝟏, 𝒙 = −𝟑, 𝒙 =
𝟑, 𝒚 = 𝟎
Draw the lines y=x+2, y=-x, x=-3, x=3, y=0
Area of Shaded region:
−𝟏 𝟑
=∫−𝟑 −𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 + ∫−𝟏(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝒅𝒙
−𝟏 𝟑
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐
= [− ] + [ + 𝟐𝒙]
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐 −𝟏
= 𝟏𝟔
38. Using the integration, find the area of the region
bounded by the curve 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚 and the line 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚 −
𝟐
The curves 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚 and 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐 intersect at (-
𝟏
1,𝟒), (2,1)
Area of Shaded region:
𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 𝒙𝟐
=∫−𝟏 ( − ) 𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐
𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑
= [ + 𝟐𝒙 − ]
𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏 𝟏 𝟗
= 𝟒 [(𝟐 + 𝟒 − 𝟑) − (𝟐 − 𝟐 + 𝟑)] = 𝟖
39. Sketch the graph of 𝒚 = |𝒙 + 𝟑|and evaluate the
area under the curve 𝒚 = |𝒙 + 𝟑|above x-axis and
between 𝒙 = −𝟔 to 𝒙 = 𝟎.
Area of Shaded region:
−𝟑 𝟎
=∫−𝟔 (−𝒙 − 𝟑). 𝒅𝒙 + ∫−𝟑(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝒅𝒙
−𝟑 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐
= [− 𝟐
− 𝟑𝒙] + [ 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙] =9
−𝟔 −𝟑

8
40. Using the integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 and
𝒚=𝒙
Points of intersection (0, 0), (1, 1)
𝟏
Area of Shaded region:=∫𝟎 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝟏
=[ − ] =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟎 𝟔
41. Find the area of the circle 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗which is
𝟐

interior to the parabola 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚.

𝟏 𝟏
Circle and parabola intersect at (−√𝟐, 𝟐) , (√𝟐, 𝟐)
Area of Shaded region:
√𝟐 𝟗 𝒙𝟐
=∫−√𝟐 (√𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 − ) 𝒅𝒙
𝟒
√𝟐
𝒙 𝟗 𝟗 −𝟏
𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟑
=[ √ 𝟐
− 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 − ]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟑 𝟏𝟐
−√𝟐
42. Using integration find the area of the triangle ABC,
coordinates of whose vertices are A(4, 1), B(6, 6) and
C(8, 4).
𝟓
Eq to AB :𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟗, Eq to BC : 𝒚 = −𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐, Eq to AC
𝟑
: 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐
𝟔 𝟖 𝟔
Required area = ∫𝟒 𝒚𝑨𝑩 + ∫𝟔 𝒚𝑩𝑪 − ∫𝟒 𝒚𝑨𝑪
𝟔 𝟓 𝟖
=∫𝟒 (𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟗) 𝒅𝒙 + ∫𝟔 (−𝒙 + 𝟐)𝒅𝒙 −
𝟖 𝟑
∫𝟒 (𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟐) 𝒅𝒙
𝟔 𝟖 𝟖
𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙𝟐
=( − 𝟗𝒙) + (− + 𝟐𝒙) − ( − 𝟐𝒙)
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟔 𝟖 𝟒
=7
43. Using the integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have
equations 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 and 𝒙 = 𝟒
Given for practice do same as above
44. Using the integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have
equations 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐, 𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟏 and 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕
Given for practice do same as above
45. Using the integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 and (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒
Given for practice
46. Find the particular solution of the differential equation (𝟑𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 +
(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 = 0 for x=1, y=1.
Given for practice
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