CHAPTER: INTEGRALS

SYLLABUS:

Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by

partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based
on them.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 2 ±𝑎2 , ∫ 𝑎2 −𝑥 2 , ∫ √ , ∫ √𝑎2 , ∫ √𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 , ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥,
𝑥 2 ±𝑎2 −𝑥 2
𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝑝𝑥+𝑞
∫ √𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥, ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 √𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and
evaluation of definite integrals.

Formulae and Definitions:

Indefinite Integrals

1. ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
2. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
3. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐
4. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
5. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐
6. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log|(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)| + 𝑐
7. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥| + 𝑐
8. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| + 𝑐
9. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
10. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐
11. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐
12. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐
13. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥
14. ∫ = log 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥

𝑎𝑥
15. ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑎 + 𝑐

1 1 𝑥−𝑎
16. ∫ 𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎 log |𝑥+𝑎| + 𝑐
1 1 𝑎+𝑥
17. ∫ 𝑎2 −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎 log |𝑎−𝑥| + 𝑐
1 1 𝑥
18. ∫ 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 tan−1 (𝑎) + 𝑐

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 1
19. ∫ √𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = log|𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 | + 𝑐
−𝑎2
1
20. ∫ √𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = log|𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 | + 𝑐
+𝑎2

1 𝑥
21. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sin−1 + 𝑐
√𝑎2 −𝑥 2 𝑎

𝑥 𝑎2
22. ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − log|𝑥 + √𝑥2 − 𝑎2 | + 𝑐
2 2
𝑥 𝑎2
23. ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 √𝑥2 + 𝑎2 + 2 log|𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 | + 𝑐

𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
24. ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 + 𝑐
2 2 𝑎

25. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 𝑙 (𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐

26. ∫ 𝑢. 𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢𝑙 [∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

Partial fractions
P(x)
• The rational function is said to be proper if the degree of P(x) is less than
Q(x)
the degree of Q(x)
• Partial fractions can be used only if the integrand is proper rational function

Definite Integrals
S.No Form of rational function Form of Partial fraction

1 1 𝐴 𝐵
+
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏)
2 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 𝐴 𝐵
+
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏)
2 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
3 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑐
+ +
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐) (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏) (𝑥 − 𝑐)
4 1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
+ +
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐) (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏) (𝑥 − 𝑐)
5 1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
2
+ 2
+
(𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏) (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏)
6 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
2 + +
(𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑏) (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 (𝑥 − 𝑏)
2 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟
+ 2
8 (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) (𝑥 − 𝑎) 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
2
where 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 cannot be factorized further

Properties of Definite Integrals

𝑎
1. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥=0
𝑏 𝑏
2. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑏 𝑎
3. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =− ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

129
 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏
4. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥=∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥+∫𝑐 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥, where a<c<b
𝑏 𝑏
5. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
6. ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
7. ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥=∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥+∫0 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎
2𝑎 2∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
8. ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥x={ 0
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎
𝑎 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
9. ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ={
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Q.NO QUESTIONS AND SOLUTION S
1. 1
Evaluate ∫ dx ?
𝑥− √𝑥
a) 2 log √𝑥 + C b) log (√𝑥 - 1 ) + C c) 2 log (√𝑥 - 1 ) + C d ) None of the
above
1
Ans. I = ∫ 𝑥( 𝑥 −1) dx
√ √
Put √𝑥 − 1 = t then
I = 2 logt
= 2 log (√𝑥 − 1) + C (c)
2. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ dx ?
√𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 +4
a) log|√𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 4 | + 𝐶 b) log |tanx + √𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 4 | + 𝐶
1
c) 2 log |𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 | + 𝐶 d) tanx + C
Ans. Sub tan x = t then
𝑑𝑡
I = ∫ √𝑡 2 2
+2
=log |tanx + √𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 4 | + 𝐶 (b)
3. Evaluate ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 . 𝑒 log 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx ?
1 1 1
𝑎) 3 sin3 x + C b) − 2 cos4 x + C c) − 4 cos4 x + C
1
d) − 3 sin3 x + C
Ans. Here elog sinx = sinx then
I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Let cosx = t
1
Ans : − 4 cos4 x + C (c)
𝜋
4 𝜋
∫0 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 − 6 ) 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
6

1 1
(a) (b) − (c) √3 (d) −√3
√3 √3

𝜋 𝜋
2 𝜋 𝜋 6 𝜋 𝜋 1
Ans: ∫0 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑥 − 6 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑥 − 6 )] = tan 0 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (− 6 )= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 6 ) =
6
0 √3
Option: a

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5. 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate ∫
𝑒𝑥 − 1

a) log |ex – 1| +C b) log|1 – 𝑒 −𝑥 |+C

c) log|1 – 𝑒 𝑥 |+C d) log| 𝑒 −𝑥 − 1|+C
Ans. Dividing the numerator and denominator with ex
𝑒 −𝑥
I = ∫ 1− 𝑒 −𝑥 dx = log|1 – 𝑒 −𝑥 |+C (b)

6. 1 2𝑥
Evaluate ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 1 +𝑥 2 ) dx
𝜋
𝑎) 2 - log2 b) log 2 c) 0 d) 1
𝜋
Ans. Let x = tant then t from 0 to 4 .and apply sin2x formula then 𝐼=
𝜋
𝜋
∫0 2𝑡. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡= 2 - log2
4 (a)

7. 𝑑
If ( f(x) ) = logx , then f(x) equals :
𝑑𝑥
1 1
𝑎) 𝑥 +C b) x ( logx + x )+C c) x ( log x -1 ) +C d) - 𝑥 +C
Ans : x ( log x -1 )+C (c)

8. 1 |𝑥−2|
Evaluate ∫−1 𝑥−2 dx ?
a)1 b) -1 c) 2 d) -2
Ans. Apply |𝑥 − 2 | property to get the -2 (d)

9. Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) dx ?

a) – ex sinx +C b) ex sinx +C
x
c) e cosx+C d) - ex cosx+C
Ans. Apply ∫ ex [ f(x) + f 1 (x) ] dx = ex f(x) formula I= ex cosx
(c)

10. 5
Find ∫−5 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 where f(x) = |𝑥 − 2|
a) 25 b) 29 c) 15 d) 20
5 2
Q. Apply modulus function definition to get ∫−5 |𝑥 − 2| dx = ∫−5 |𝑥 − 2| dx +
5
∫2 |𝑥 − 2| dx=29 (b)

CHAPTER VIDEO LINK FOR MCQs SCAN QR CODE FOR

VIDEO

INTEGRALS https://youtu.be/VBMyRVKOvck

131
 EXERCISE
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1. Q. Evaluate ∫ +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx ?
√1
𝑎) 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 b) 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
c) 2 √1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 d) 2 √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Ans(c)
2. 𝑥2
Q. Evaluate ∫ 1+ 𝑥 3 dx ?
1
a) log( 1 + x3 ) b) 3 log( 1 – x3 )
1
c) log ( 1 – x3 ) d) 3 log( 1 + x3 )
Ans(d)
3. 1 1
Q.Evaluate ∫ [ − ] dx ?
log 𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 𝑥−1 log 𝑥
𝑎) b) log 𝑥 c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 d)
𝑥 𝑥−1
Ans(b)
𝜋
4.
Q. Evaluate ∫04 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 dx ?
a)1 b) log 2 c) 1 – log2 d) 1 + log2
Ans(c)
5. 1
Q. Evaluate ∫ 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx ?
a) secx – tanx b) tanx + secx c) tanx d) Secx
Ans(b)
ASSERTIONS AND REASONING QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of

Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A)
C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false

D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

1 Assertion: ∫ sin x dx = −cos x + C.

Reason: sin x is an odd function and the integral of an odd function is -f(x) + C.

Solution: Assertion is true but reason is false. The integral of sin x is -cos x + C,
but sin x is not an odd function. Sin x is an even function.
Correct option: (C) Assertion is true but reason is false
𝜋
2
Assertion: ∫ 2𝜋 sin5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
−
2
𝑎
Reason: If f(x) is odd function ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0

Answer: A) both assertion and reasoning are correct and reason is the correct
explanation
𝜋
3
Assertion: ∫ 2𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
−
2

132
 𝑎
Reason: If f(x) is odd function ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0

Answer: D) assertion is False and reasoning is correct

4 𝒙𝟑 𝟑𝒙𝟐
Assertion: ∫ 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = − + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟑 𝟐
𝑎
Reason: The integral of a polynomial function 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 is 𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝑐 , where 'C'
𝑛+1
is the constant of integration.

Answer: A) both assertion and reasoning are correct and reason is the correct
explanation
𝟐𝒙
5 Assertion: ∫ 𝒙𝟐+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏| + 𝒄
𝒇′ (𝒙)
Reason: ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄
𝒇(𝒙)

Answer: A) both assertion and reasoning are correct and reason is the correct
explanation

6 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙
Assertion: ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 − 𝟒 +𝒄
Reason: 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙

Answer: A) both assertion and reasoning are correct and reason is the correct
explanation
7 Assertion: ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄
Reason: ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇′ (𝒙) ) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒄

Answer: D) assertion is False and reasoning is correct

3𝜋
8
Assertion: ∫𝜋4 sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −2
4
𝑏
Reason: If f(x) ≥ 0 on [a, b] then ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ≥ 𝟎

𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
Solution: 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 is not defined at x = 2 in [4 , 4 ]
Answer: D) assertion is False and reasoning is correct

9 𝟏
Assertion: ∫ 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙) + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙) + 𝒄
Reason: ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇′ (𝒙) ) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒄

Answer: B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) true and Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A)

𝜋
10 Assertion: ∫(𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 2 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝜋
Reason: 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 = 2

Answer: A) both assertion and reasoning are correct and reason is the correct
explanation

133
 2 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 ?
Solution: ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥. 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
Apply ∫ 𝑢. 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 formula
𝑥2 1 𝑥2
tan-1x. -∫ 2
. dx
2 1+ 𝑥 2
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
= . tan-1x - + +C
2 2 2
2. Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ?
Solution: ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
Apply ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 1 (𝑥))𝑑𝑥 formula to get
𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝐶

3. Evaluate ∫ √4 − 9𝑥 2 dx?
Solution: ∫ √22 − (3𝑥)2 dx
Apply ∫ √𝑎 − (𝑥)2 dx formula to get
𝑥 2 - 2sin-1 ( 3𝑥 )+C
. √4 − 9𝑥
2 3 2
4. 4
Evaluate ∫0 |𝑥 − 1| dx?
1 4
Solution: ∫0 (1 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 =5

5. 2 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 ?
1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2 + 2𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥
Solution: ∫ 𝑒 . 𝑑𝑥
2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
∫( 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 ) 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
Apply ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 1 (𝑥))𝑑𝑥 formula to get 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 + C

6. 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
Evaluate ∫ dx?
𝑥
Solution: Substitute 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑡 then
∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡. 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 ) + 𝐶
7. 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate ∫ ?
𝑥 2 −4𝑥+8
1 1 𝑥−2
Solution: ∫ dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )+C
( 𝑥−2 )2 + 22 2 2

𝜋
8.
Evaluate ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 . 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
Solution: I = ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 ( 2 − 𝑥 ) log 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 2 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
= - ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 . 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =>2I=0 =>I=0
9. 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ?
𝑥 +log 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Solution: Substitute 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑡
=> log ( x + log sinx ) + C
𝑥
10. If f(x) = ∫0 𝑡 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡 then find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ?
𝑥
Solution: f(x) = ∫0 𝑡 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡
Apply ∫ 𝑢. 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 formula then
f(x) = [ −t . cost + sin t ]0𝑥

134
 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = x. sinx

EXERCISE

1. 2 1 1
Evaluate ∫1 𝑒 𝑥 [ − ] 𝑑𝑥 ?
𝑥 𝑥2

2. Evaluate ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 . √1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 dx?

3. Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 ?

4. 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate ∫ ?
√15−8𝑥 2

5. 1
Evaluate ∫ dx
( 1+ 𝑥 )( 2 + 𝑥 )

3 MARK QUESTIONS

1. 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ dx?
( 𝑥+1)( 𝑥+2 )
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵
Solution:
( 𝑥+1)( 𝑥+2 )
= +
𝑥+1 𝑥+ 2
𝐴 = −1, 𝐵 = 2
( 𝑥+2)2
Ans : log ( )+C
( 𝑥+1 )

2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ dx?
( 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )( 2 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )
Solution: Let cos x = t then
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
∫ ( 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )( 2 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) dx = ∫ ( 1−𝑡 )( 2−𝑡 )
Apply partial fraction method,
A = 1, B = -1
2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
I= log ( 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) + C
3. 𝑥 3 + 𝑥+1
Evaluate ∫ dx?
𝑥2− 1
2
𝑥 + 𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
Solution: =𝑥+ ( Convert it into proper rational function)
𝑥2− 1 𝑥2− 1
2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
Now, ∫ ( 𝑥 + ) dx = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2− 1 𝑥2− 1
𝑥2 1 𝑥−1
= + log( 𝑥 2 − 1 ) + 2 log( 𝑥+1 ) + C
2
4. 1
Evaluate ∫ dx?
𝑥 ( 𝑥4− 1)
Solution: Multiplying num. and denom. by 𝑥 4-1
𝑥3
I=∫ dx
𝑥4( 𝑥 4− 1 )
Let x4 = t , then
1 𝑑𝑡
I = 4 ∫ 𝑡 ( 𝑡−1 ) dt

135
 Apply partial fractions then
−1 𝑥4
I= log ( )+C
4 𝑥4− 1
5. 2𝑥
Evaluate ∫ dx
( 𝑥 2 + 1 )( 𝑥 2 + 3 )
Solution: Let 𝑥 2 = t, then
2𝑥 𝑑𝑡
∫ ( 𝑥 2 + 1 )( 𝑥 2 + 3 ) dx = ∫ ( 𝑡+1 )( 𝑡+3 )
Apply partial fractions then
1 𝑥2+ 1
I= 2 log( )+C
𝑥2 + 3
6. 6𝑥+7
Q. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ?
√( 𝑥 −5 )( 𝑥 −4 )
6𝑥+7 6𝑥+7
Solution: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 − 9𝑥+20 √( 𝑥 −5 )( 𝑥 −4 )
𝑑
6x + 7 = A 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 20 ) + B
A = 3 , B = 34 substitute the values then
9
I=6 √𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 20 + 34 log [ x - 2 +√𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 20 ] + C
7. 1
Evaluate ∫ d𝑥 ?
1+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Solution: ∫ d𝑥 = ∫ d𝑥 = ∫ d𝑥
1+𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥)− ( 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )
= ∫ d𝑥
2 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 1 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 2 - 2 ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 dx
Put 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 then
𝑥 1
I= 2 - 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) + 𝐶

8. 1
Evaluate ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑎 )𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑏 ) d𝑥
1
Solution: ∫ d𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑎 )𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑏 )
1 𝑆𝑖𝑛( 𝑎−𝑏 )
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑎−𝑏 )
∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑎 )𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑏 ) d𝑥
1 𝑆𝑖𝑛[ ( 𝑥−𝑏)− ( 𝑥−𝑎 )]
= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑎−𝑏 ) ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑎 )𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑏 ) d𝑥
1
= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑎−𝑏 ) [ ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝑥 − 𝑏) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛( 𝑥 − 𝑎 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑎 )
= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑎−𝑏 ) log ( 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥−𝑏 ) ) + C

9. 𝜋 𝑥
Find ∫0 d𝑥
1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
Solution: Apply the property ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
and prove that I = 𝜋

10. Find ∫( 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 )2 d𝑥 ?

Solution: Let 𝑥 = sint then I = ∫ 𝑡 2 .𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 , Apply ∫ 𝑢. 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 formula
I= 𝑥 . (sin-1 𝑥 )2 + 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 sin-1𝑥 -2𝑥 + C

136
 EXERCISE

1. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ d𝑥
( 2+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )( 3+4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )

2. 𝑒𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ?
√5−4𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 2𝑥

3. 𝑥.𝑒 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ d𝑥 ?
( 𝑥+ 1)2
4. 2
Evaluate ∫−1|𝑥 3 − 𝑥| d𝑥 ?

5. 1 − 𝑥2
Evaluate ∫ d𝑥 ?
𝑥 ( 1 − 2𝑥)

5 MARK QUESTIONS
𝜋
1. Evaluate ∫0 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ?
Solution: Apply the properties of definite integral and prove that
I = - 𝜋. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
2. 𝜋 𝑥 .𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
Evaluate ∫0 𝑑𝑥 ?
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
Solution: Apply ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
I= 2 (𝜋−2)
3. 3𝑥 + 5
Evaluate ∫ d𝑥 ?
𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
3𝑥 + 5 3𝑥 + 5
Solution: ∫ 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1 d𝑥 = ∫ ( 𝑥−1 )2 ( 𝑥 +1) d𝑥
3𝑥 + 5 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= ( 𝑥−1 ) + +
( 𝑥−1 )2 ( 𝑥 +1) ( 𝑥 −1 )2 ( 𝑥+1 )
−1 1
A= , B = 4 and C = 2
2
1 𝑥 +1 4
I= 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 −1 - 𝑥−1 + C

EXERCISE

1. 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate ∫ ?
𝑎2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥+ 𝑏2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

𝜋
2. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Evaluate ∫0 4 d𝑥 ?
9 +16 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥

3. 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate ∫ ?
𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

137
 CHAPTER: APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
SYLLABUS: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/
parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only)

Definitions and Formulae:

Let f(x) be a function defined in [ a, b] , then the area bounded by the curve y = f(x) , x –
𝑏 𝑏
axis and the ordinates x = a and x = b is given by ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)dx or ∫𝑎 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑔(𝑦) be a function defined in [ c, d] , then the area bounded by the curve 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑦), y –
𝑑
axis and the ordinates 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑑 is given by ∫𝑐 𝑔(𝑦)𝑑𝑦

If the curve y = f(x) lies below x- axis ,then the area bounded by the curve y= f(x) , x-axis
𝑏
and the ordinates x = a and x= b is –ve. So the area is |∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) dx|

138
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.NO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1 Find the area bounded by y = 𝑥 2 ,𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1
−1 4
(a) sq. unit (b) sq. unit
3 3
2
(c) sq. unit (d) None of these
3
Solution:
1 1 1 2
Area of the required region = ∫−1 𝑥 2 dx = + =
3 3 3
2 Determine the area under the curve y =√𝑎 − 𝑥 2 included between the lines x
2
=0
and x = a
𝜋𝑎2 𝜋
(a) sq. unit (b) sq. unit
4 4
𝑎2 𝜋𝑎2
(c) sq. unit (d) sq.unit
4 12
Solution:
𝑎 𝑎2 𝜋 𝑎2
Required area = ∫0 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = x =𝜋
2 2 4
3 The area of the region bounded by the curve y = 𝑥 2 and the line y = 16 is
32 256
(a) sq. unit (b) sq. unit
3 3
64 128
(c) sq. unit (d) sq.unit
3 3
Solution:
4 4 64 256
Required area= 2 [∫0 16𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ] =2[64 − ] =
3 3
4 Find the area bounded by y = sinx between x = 0 and x = 2𝜋.
(a) 4 sq.unit (b) 4𝜋sq. unit (c) 2 sq.unit (d) 1 sq.unit

Solution:
𝜋
Area = 2∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥= 4
5 Area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 and the
lines x =0
and x = 2 is
𝜋
(a) 𝜋 sq. unit (b) sq. unit
2
𝜋 𝜋
(c) sq. unit (d) sq. unit
3 4

Solution:
2
Area = ∫0 √4 − 𝑥 2 dx = 𝜋
6 The area of the region bounded by the straight line x = 2y + 3 , y axis and the lines
y = 1 and y = -1 is
3
(a) 4 sq. unit (b) 2 sq. unit (c) 6 sq. unit (d) 8 sq. unit

Solution:
1
Area = ∫−1 2𝑦 + 3dy = 1+3 –( 1- 3) = 6

139
 CHAPTER VIDEO LINK FOR MCQs SCAN QR CODE FOR
VIDEO

APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS https://youtu.be/p4R2unWOT9Q

ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS

The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason(R), Answer
the questions selecting the appropriate option given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.

(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.

(c) A is true and R is false

(d) A is false and R is true

1 Assertion: The area of the ellipse 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 6 is more than the area of the
circle 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 - 2x +4 y + 4 =0
Reason: The length of the semimajor axis of ellipse 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 6 is more than
the radius of the circle 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 - 2x +4 y + 4 =0
Answer:
Area of ellipse = √6 𝜋
Area of circie= 𝜋 .
A is true
Length of major axis is 2√3 .Radius of circle= 1.
R is true.
But R is not the correct explanation of A
Option b is correct
2 Assertion: Area enclosed by the circle 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 36 is equal to 36𝜋 sq.unit
Reason: Area enclosed by circle 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 is 𝜋𝑟 2
Answer:
Area of the circle is 36𝜋 sq.unit Option ( a) is correct
3 Assertion: The area of the region bounded by y= cosx and the ordinates
𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑖𝑠 2𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
Reason: cos x is an increasing function in the first quadrant
Answer:
(c)

140
 4 Assertion: The area of the region bounded by y = x+1 , x-axis and he lines x =2
5
and x=3 is 2 sq.units
Reason: The intercept made by the line on the x-axis and y axis is 1unit left of
zero and 1unit respectively.
Answer:
(d)
5 Assertion: The area bounded by the curve x =𝑦 2 , y-axis and the lines y =3 and
37
y= 4 is 2
𝑏
Reason: Area = ∫𝑎 𝑓( 𝑦) dy
Answer:
(a)
6 Assertion: Area bounded by 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 2| from x= -2 to x= 0 is 4 sq.unit
Reason: 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 2| is differentiable in R
Answer:
(c)
7 Assertion: The area of the region bounded by y = 𝑥 2 + x , x = 2 and x = 5
cannot be evaluated
Reason: Area of the unbounded region cannot be evaluated
Answer:
(d)
8 Assertion: The area of the region y =sin2x from 0 to 𝜋 will be more than that of
the curve y=sinx from 0 to 𝜋
Reason: 𝑥 2 > x if x > 1
Answer:
(d)

EXERCISE

The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason( R) ,Anawer
the questions selecting the appropriate option given below

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.

(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.

(c) A is true and R is false

(d) A is false and R is true

1 Assertion:The region bounded by the curve y=√4 − 𝑥 2 is a semicircle above the

x-axis
Reason: area of the semicircle is half of the area bounded by the equation 𝑥 2 +
𝑦2 = 4

2 Assertion: Area enclosed by 𝑦 = 𝑥|𝑥| , x-axis and the ordinates

2
𝑥 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1 is given by 3
Reason: f(x) = |𝑥| = x , x≥0 and –x , x< 0

141
 3 Assertion: The region bounded by the curve y=√4 − 𝑥 2 is a semicircle above
the x-axis
Reason: area of the semicircle is half of the area bounded by the equation 𝑥 2 +
𝑦2 = 4
4 Assertion: The area bounded by the curve y = log 𝑒 𝑥 and x- axis and the
straight line x= e
Reason: The most approximate value of e =2.7
5 Assertion: The area between x-axis and y = cosx when 0 ≤ x≤ 2𝜋 is 4sq.unit
𝜋
2𝜋
Reason: Area= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4∫02 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solutions
1. (b) 2. (b) 3 .(c) 4. (d) 5. (a)

2 MARK QUESTIONS

1 Find the area of the region bounded by the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ,x-axis and x=2
Solution:
2
Area = ∫0 2𝑥 dx = 4 sq.unit.

2 Find the area bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and the ordinate 𝑥 = −1 , 𝑥 =

2.
Solution:
2 0 5
𝐴 = ∫0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + |∫−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 | = 2.

3 Find the area bounded by the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2

Solution:
𝑟
A= 4× ∫0 √𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 dx = 𝜋𝑟 2

142
4 𝑥2 𝑦2
Find area of the region bounded by the ellipse 2
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏2
Solution:
𝑏 𝑎
𝐴 = 4× ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 dx = 𝜋ab
𝑎 0

5 Using integration find the area of the region bounded by the line 𝑦 – 1 = 𝑥 , x-
axis and the ordinates 𝑥 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 3

Solution:
−1 3 17
A = |∫−2 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 | + ∫−1(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 2

6 Using integration find the area of the region bounded between the line 𝑥 = 2, and
the parabola 𝑦 2 = 8x.
Solution:
2 32
A = 2∫0 √8𝑥 dx= sq.units
3

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 7 Draw the graph of 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| and find the area between
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑥 = −4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2.
Solution:
−1 2
𝐴 = |∫−4 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 | +∫−1(𝑥 + 1) dx = 9 sq.units

𝜋
8 Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 , 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 between 𝑥 = 0 and x = and also
4
𝜋
find the area between the curves between x = 0 and x = 4
Solution:
𝜋
A = ∫04 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) dx = √2 - 1sq.units

EXERCISE

1 𝑎2
Calculate the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 2 = 4ax and the line y = mx is 12
sq. units. Find the value of m
2 Sketch the graph of y = |x+ 3| and evaluate the area under the curve y = |x+ 3|
above x- axis and between x = -6 and x = 0
3 Find the area bounded by 𝑦 2 = 4ax , latus rectum and x-axis
4 Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 2 = 4ax and x = 𝑎 , x = 2a, a > 0
Answers:
4 56𝑎2
1.m = 2 2. 9 sq.units 3. 𝑎2 sq.units 4. sq.units
3 3

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 3 MARK QUESTIONS

1 Find the area bounded by the curve y = sinx between 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2𝜋

Solution:
𝜋
∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
2𝜋
And |∫𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 | =2 sq.units.
Required area = 4 sq.units

2 Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥|𝑥| and the ordinates x = -1 and x = 1.
Solution:
1 2
A = 2 ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =
3

3 Find the area of the smaller part of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 cut off by the line
𝑎
𝑥=
√2
Solution:
𝑎 𝑎2 𝜋
A =2 ∫𝑎 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 dx = ( - 1 ).
√2
2 2

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 4 Area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = | 𝑥 − 1| , 𝑦 = 1.
Solution:
2 1
𝐴 = ∫0 1 dx − 2 ∫0 (𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 1

EXERCISE

1 Find the area of the circle 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 1

2 Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse 6𝑥 2 + 8𝑦 2 = 1
3 Sketch the area lying in first quadrant and bounded by y = 9 𝑥 2 , x = 0, y = 1
and y = 4 . Find the area of this region using integration.
4 Using integration, find the area of the triangle formed by +ve x-axis, tangent and
normal to the circle𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 at (1, √3)
Answers:
5 𝜋 19
1) 8 sq. units 2).4√3 . sq. units 3). 4 sq.units 4).2√3
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
I A student designs an open air honeybee nest on the branch of a tree, whose Plane
figure is parabolic, whose equation is 𝑦 2 = 2x and the branch of tree is given by
a straight line x- y = 4

Based on the above passage answer the following questions

1. Draw the rough diagram of parabola and straight line
2. Find point of intersection of the parabola and straight line
3. Find the area enclosed by the parabola and straight line

Solution:

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 1.

2) . Solve the equations 𝑦 2 = 2x and x- y =4 the point of intersection is

(2, -2) and ( 8,4)
4 𝑦2
3). ∫−2 𝑦 + 4 − dy = 18
2

II 𝑥2 𝑦2
A mirror is in the shape of an ellipse represented by + = 1was hanging on
𝑎2 𝑏2
the wall. Arun and his sister were playing with ball inside the house , even their
mother refused to do so . All of a sudden, ball hit the mirror and got a scratch in
𝑥 𝑦
the shape of line represented by + =1
𝑎 𝑏
Based on the above information answer the following questions.

1..Find the point of intersection of mirror and scratch

𝑏 𝑎
2. The value of
𝑎
∫0 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 dx
3. The area of the smaller region bounded by the mirror and the scratch
Solution:
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦
1) Solve the equations + = 1 and + = 1 .
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎 𝑏
The points are (a,0) (0,b)
𝑏 𝑎 𝜋𝑎𝑏
2). ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 =
𝑎 0 4
𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 1 𝜋
3). ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 dx - ∫0 𝑎 − 𝑥 dx = ( - 1 ).
𝑎 0 𝑎 2 2

III A child cut a pizza with a knife. Pizza is circular in shape which is represented by

147
 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 4 and knife represents x =√3𝑦, On the basis of the above information
answer the following.

1) Find the point of intersection of circle and straight line.

2) Find the area enclosed by the circle, line and x-axis.

Solution:
1. Point of intersection is (1,√3 ) and ( -1, - √3 )
1 2 2𝜋
2. Required area = √3 ∫0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 √22 − 𝑥 2 dx = .
3
EXERCISE

I The location of three branches of a bank is represented by the three points A( -2,
0) , B( 1,4), C ( 2,3) . Based on this information solve the following questions.
1. Find the equations of line AB and BC
2. Find the area of triangle ABC.
II An insect moves on a curve represented by y = 𝑥 3 . It started from a point (-2,-8)
on the curve and as soon as it reached at a point (2,8) got tired and slept. The path
of its movement is given below. Based on this information answer the following
questions.

1. Find the area enclosed by the curve y= 𝑥 3 , the lines x=2 and x= -2

2. If it would have moved along the line represented by y = x what is the

area bounded by the curve y = 𝑥 3 and y = 6 x

Answers:
4 7
I) (1) y = (x +2), y = - x+3 (2). sq.units
3 2
II) (1). 8.sq. unit. (2)12 sq.unit

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