DGDFHDF
DGDFHDF
DGDFHDF
Light Variety
MgSO4 . 7 H20 + Na2CO3 →(MgCO3)4.Mg(OH)2.5H2O+ Mg (HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 + H2O
*BALANCE*
6 MgSO4 . 7 H20 + 6Na2CO3 →(MgCO3)4.Mg(OH)2.5H2O+ Mg (HCO3)2 +6Na2SO4 + 41H2O
Reacting Ratio :
5MgSO4 . 7 H20: 1 →(MgCO3)4.Mg(OH)2.5H2O
Physical properties:
b. CH3COO-
1. 2ND portion + FeCl3 dropwise until distinct change + acidify with 6M HCl
CH3COOK + FeCl3→ Fe (CH3COO) 3 + KCl
(YELLOW solution)
→ acidified with HCl forms FeCl3
2. Pinch amount CH3COOK + H2SO4 & HEAT
CH3COOK + H2SO4→CH3COOH + K2SO4
(Vinegar odor)
3. Solution in b-1 + 2 mL 95% C2H5OH, heat in water
CH3COOH + C2H5OH→ CH3COO C2H5 + H2O
(Fruity odor)
4. Pyrolysis
Heating strongly an organic substance which decompose into volatile and inflammable vapours and
leaves a residue containing particles of carbon.
a. Complete Oxidation
CH3COOK + O2→ K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
(White residue)
K2CO3 + H2SO4→ K2SO4+ CO2 + H2O
(Effervescence)
b. Incomplete Oxidation
CH3COOK + O2→ K2CO3 + C + H2O
(Black residue)
K2CO3 + H2SO4→ K2SO4+ CO2 + H2O
(Effervescence)
2) Pyrolysis
a. Complete Oxidation
KNaC4H4O6.4H2O + O2→ K2CO3 + Na2CO3 +CO2↑ + H2O
(White residue)
K2CO3 + H2SO4→ K2SO4+ CO2 ↑+ H2O
(Effervescence)
b. Incomplete Oxidation
KNaC4H4O6.4H2O + O2→ K2CO3 + Na2CO3 +CO2↑ + C + H2O
(Black residue)
K2CO3 + H2SO4→ K2SO4+ CO2 ↑+ H2O
(Effervescence)
Clear colourless and odourless solution having a characteristic, strongly salty taste
Reaction with Litmus paper :Neutral or slightly alkaline to litmus paper; sp.gr. 1.7000
3 drops of KISS + 10 drops CHCl3 + 2 drops 3MH2SO4 + KMnO4 dropwise → note CHCl3 layer
3 drops of KISS + 3 drops of H2O + acidify with 6M CH3CHOOH + 3 drops NaNO2 + 1 drop of starch
solution → note colour
5 drops HgCl2 + Sn Metal + excess KISS → note VISIBLE RESULTS
Approximate concentrations of the principal ions in the Plasma, Interstitial & Intracellular fluids in an average man
Reason why it is NOT advisable to give commercial drinks (Gatorade) in treating diarrhea
Composition of ORS
Complex carbohydrates or 2 % glucose , 50- 90 mmol/ L Na
Commercial drinks DO NOT MEET the criteria & should not be used for the purpose of treating diarrhea
Repeated diarrhea- causes chronic loss of K+ resulting to muscular weakness, lethargy & anorexia
Restoring K+ deficit- promotes a feeling of well-being, stimulates appetite & activity of the patient
K+ unlike Na+ - absorbed passively
Physical Properties: Pale yellow, odourless, very fine amorphous powder, neutral to litmus
Test of purity
Flowers of S
Contains small amount of As2S5 when digested with Ca(OH)2, Calcium arsenite & Calcium
sulfoarsenate [Ca3(AsO4)2 & Ca3(AsS4)2 ] are formed which are soluble in the alkaline liquid.
2 As2S5 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca3(AsO4)2 & Ca3(AsS4)2 + 4 H2O + 2 H2S
Ca3(AsS4)2 (Calcium sulfoarsenate) – decomposes into insoluble As2S5 which will again contaminate the
ppted. S.
Ca3(AsS4)2 + 6 HCl → 3CaCl2 + As2S5 ↓ + 3H2S
(yellow ppt)
Preferred ppted Sulfur – Liquid mixtures because the particles are lighter and more easily suspended
Chemical names :
Lime – CaO ; Lime water, Slaked lime – Ca(OH)2; Limestone – CaCO3; Milk of lime - susp of Ca(OH)2
Other forms :
Scabicide, Cathartic
Used in various skin disease for its keratolytic & fungicidal action
Dermatological agent in the treatment of :
Seborrhea- abnormal secretion of sebum from sebaceous gland giving an oily/scaly appearance to
the skin
Acne
Psoriasis
Boric Acid
HCL- volatile acid, no residual traces will remain on the crystal surfaces when dried
H2SO4 – non –volatile , less easily removed
Therapeutic Uses:
Eyewash or collyria;
Bacteriostatic Agent
Buffer component
Solution- warmed or diluted with equal volume of water , some will crystallize out and should be
dissolved otherwise will irritate the eyes.
Calculate the volume of 12N HCl (D= 1.185 g/ml containing 36.31% by mass of HCl) necessary to react with the amount
of borax used in the preparation.