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    Epi Reviewer

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    Hannah Vuelta
    The document discusses immunization programs and vaccines. It outlines the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) established in 1976 to ensure infants and children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. The EPI initially included 6 diseases and now covers 8-11 additional types. It describes strategies like routine immunization, supplemental immunization activities, and strengthened surveillance. Components of EPI include coverage, surveillance, immunization activities, cold chain management, and training. Key points covered are recommended vaccines, dosages, intervals, efficacy and potential reactions.

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    Epi Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Hannah Vuelta
    164 views4 pages
    The document discusses immunization programs and vaccines. It outlines the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) established in 1976 to ensure infants and children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. The EPI initially included 6 diseases and now covers 8-11 additional types. It describes strategies like routine immunization, supplemental immunization activities, and strengthened surveillance. Components of EPI include coverage, surveillance, immunization activities, cold chain management, and training. Key points covered are recommended vaccines, dosages, intervals, efficacy and potential reactions.

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    The document discusses immunization programs and vaccines. It outlines the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) established in 1976 to ensure infants and children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. The EPI initially included 6 diseases and now covers 8-11 additional types. It describes strategies like routine immunization, supplemental immunization activities, and strengthened surveillance. Components of EPI include coverage, surveillance, immunization activities, cold chain management, and training. Key points covered are recommended vaccines, dosages, intervals, efficacy and potential reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    164 views4 pages

    Epi Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Hannah Vuelta
    The document discusses immunization programs and vaccines. It outlines the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) established in 1976 to ensure infants and children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. The EPI initially included 6 diseases and now covers 8-11 additional types. It describes strategies like routine immunization, supplemental immunization activities, and strengthened surveillance. Components of EPI include coverage, surveillance, immunization activities, cold chain management, and training. Key points covered are recommended vaccines, dosages, intervals, efficacy and potential reactions.

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    The key takeaways are that EPI aims to immunize children against vaccine-preventable diseases through routine immunization. It was established in 1976 and initially included 6 vaccines. Its goals are to immunize children, sustain polio-free status, eliminate measles and tetanus, and control other diseases.

    The specific goals of EPI are: 1) To immunize all infants and children against common vaccine-preventable diseases 2) To sustain the polio-free status of the Philippines 3) To eliminate measles infection 4) To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus 5) To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B and German measles 6) To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children.

    The strategies used in EPI are: 1) Conduct of routine immunization through the Reaching Every Barangay strategy 2) Supplemental immunization activities 3) Strengthening vaccine-preventable disease surveillance 4) Procurement of adequate vaccines, needles and syringes.

    "Don't let what you cannot do interfere determined by the Secretary of

    with what you can do." -JOHN WOODEN Health.

    EXPANDED PROGRAM FOR The mandatory basic immunization for all


    infants and children provided under this
    IMMUNiZATION
    Act shall cover the following vaccine-
    -established in 1976
    preventable diseases:
    - ensure that infants/children and
    a) Tuberculosis;
    mothers have access to routinely
    recommended infant/childhood vaccines (b) Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
    Six vaccine preventable diseases were (c) Poliomyelitis:
    initially included in the EPI:
    (d) Measles
    1. Tuberculosis
    (e) Mumps
    2. Poliomyelitis
    3. Diphtheria (f) Rubella or German measles
    4. Tetanus
    5. Pertussis (g) Hepatitis B;
    6. Measles
    (h) H. Influenza type B (HIB); and

    (Such other types as may be determined


     1986
    -21.3 % "fully immunized" children less by the Secretary of Health in a
    than fourteen months of age based on the department circular
    EPI Comprehensive Program review

    GLOBAL SITUATION SPECIFIC GOALS


    The Burden 1. To Immunize all infants children
    -In 2002. WHO estimated that 1.4 million against the most common vaccine
    of deaths among children under 5 years preventable diseases.
    due to diseases that could have been 2. To sustain the polio free status of
    prevented by routine vaccination. This the Philippines.
    represents 14% of global total mortality 3. To eliminate measles infection
    in children under 5 years of age. 4. To eliminate maternal and neonatal
    tetanus
    MANDATES: 5. To control diphtheria, pertussis,
    hepatitis b and German measles.
    6. To prevent extra pulmonary
     Republic Act No. 10152 Mandatory
    tuberculosis among children.
    Infants and Children Health
    Immunization Act of 2011
     Signed by President Benigno
    Aquino III in July26, 2010.
     The mandatory includes basic
    immunization for children under 5
    including other types that will be
    STRATEGIES IMMUNIZATION

    1. Conduct of Routine Immunization  process whereby a person is made


    for Infants/Children/Women through immune or resistant to an
    the Reaching Every Barangay (REB) infectious disease, typically by the
    strategy administration of a vaccine. (WHO)
     Vaccines stimulate the body's own
     an adaptation of the WHO UNICEF
    immune system to protect the
    Reaching Every District (RED),
    person against subsequent infection
     was introduced in 2004 aimed to
    or disease. (WHO)
    improve the access to routine
    immunization and reduce dropouts. Types of Immunizations

    5 components of the strategy A Live attenuated

    1. Data Analysis for Action  Pathogen is treated with chemicals


    2. Re Establish Outreach Services or heat to reduce virulence, but not
    3. Strengthen links between the kill the organism (e. measles,
    community and service mumps, rübella (MMR) and OPV
    4. supportive supervision (Sabin) vaccine)
    5. Maximizing resources
    B. Inactivated

     Toxoid- a bacterial exotoxin that


    2. Supplemental Immunization Activity has been treated with formalin or
    (SIA) heat, which yields a non toxic
    tractivated, but still antigenic
     Used to reach children who have
    agent.. retenus diphtheria
    not been vaccinated or have not
     inactivated antigenic component
    developed sufficient immunity after
    of the microorganisms killed viral
    previous vaccinations.
    organisms or parts of organisms to
    3. Strengthening Vaccine-Preventable produce immunity (e.g IPV [Salk],
    Diseases Surveillance pertussis, Hemophilus influenza,
    recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine)
     This is critical for the
    eradication/elimination efforts, C. Immunoglobulin: a solution that
    especially in identifying true cases contains antibodies from large pools of
    of measles and indigenous wild human blood plasma (e.g. Tetanus and
    polio virus Hepatitis B immunoglobulin)
     Procurement of adequate and
    potent vaccines and needles and
    syringes to all health facilities
    nationwide
    COMPONENTS OF EPI

    Coverage EPI concerned with the 3 populations infants below 1 year,


    school entrants and pregnant women
    Surveillance continuous collection and analysis of data cases /deaths of
    the 7 EPI diseases
    immunization sessions shall be coordinated a monthly basis
    activities
    Cold chain storage of vaccines from area of manufacturer to the area of
    use to important to maintain potency of drugs
    Planning and include target setting for fully-immunized.children by year
    management
    Supervision / timely sharing of information to ensure that objectives are
    Monitoring met
    Social a dynamic process of engaging people in community action
    mobilization for a common goal
    Training needed to enhance skills of health workers in the
    administration of vaccines and maintaining the potency of
    the vaccines.
    Health education general health teaching campaign
    evaluation Success of the program reviewed

    KEYPOINTS OF EPI

    1. The attainment of effective antibody level in active immunization takes some time
    2. Live uttenuated vaccines likes MMR, OPV evoke more effective and longer lasting
    immunologic response that inactivated ones. However, they are contraindicated in
    pregnant and immunocompromised patients
    3. Booster does are needed to maintain adequate level of immunity
    4. A high percentage (90% or more) of susceptible individuals should be immunized
    for community protection
    5. Interruption of schedule, with a delay between doses, does not necessitate starting
    with the series again
    6. There is no contraindication to giving multiple vaccines at the same time provided
    they are given at different sites using different syringes
    7. Opened vaccines should be discarded properly: BCG after 4 hours; discard DPT,
    OPV, TT, measles and hepa B vaccines at the end of the working day
    8. OPV and measles are most sensitive to heat with storage temperature of -15 degrees
    celcius to 25 degrees celcius
    RECOMMENDED ROUTINELY ADMINISTERED ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION

    TYPE/CO AGE DOSE AGE DOSE POSSIBLE EFFICACY/LE


    MPOSITIO REACTIO NGTH OF
    N OF N IMMUNITY
    VACCINE
    BCG (live At 0.05 mL 1st grade 0.1 ml Keloid 50% efficacy,
    attenuated birth intraderm entrants intrader scar, 10-15 years
    M. bovis) ally over mal over suppurati
    right the left ve
    deltoid deltoid regional
    area area adenitis
    DPT Age 3 doses of 1st booster: 1 0.5 mL Fever, Almost 100%,
    (diphtheri 6,10 0.5 ml IM year after TIM restlessne 10 years
    a and and 14 at the primary dose ss, except
    tetanus weeks upper 2nd booster: 4- irrability pertussis
    toxoid, of age outer 6 years old local signs component
    inactivate or portion of of
    d b. thereaf the thigh Booster of DT inflammat
    pertussis) ter; at 10 years ion
    below interval
    6 years
    3 doses
    with
    interva
    l of 4
    weeks
    Hepatitis 2,4 and 3 doses of Probably 5 Same as Local Close to 100%,
    B 6 0.5 mL IM years after primary reactions: 5 years or
    (recombin months at the primary soreness, longer
    ant DNA) of age upper erythema
    outer and
    portion of swelling
    the thigh
    OPV 6,10, 2 drops 1st booster: 1 Same as Paralytic More than
    (trivalent and 14 per orem year after primary polio but 90%, lifelong
    live weeks multiple primary dose extremely
    attenuated of age dose rare
    virus) or preparatio 2nd booster: 4-
    thereaf n at 4 6 years old
    ter weeks
    interval (3
    doses)
    Measles 9 1 dose of 2nd dose given 1 dose Fever and 95%, at leats
    (live months 0.5 mL SC at 15 months subcutan rash 5-10 12 years
    attenuated or later at outer of age eous days after
    virus) part of the dose
    upper arm

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