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Manipal Entrance Test (MET) 2020 Syllabus
Program Institute
M.Sc. Clinical Embryology Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Manipal

MET 2020 Test Details

 Test Duration: 120 minutes
 Total Questions: 120 MCQs covering Zoology (40 questions), Chemistry & Biochemistry (40 questions), Basic Biology &
Embryology and Cell Biology (40 questions)
 Marking Scheme: +4 for every correct answer, -1 for every wrong answer, 0 for every unattempted question
 Student can register for a total of 2 attempts based on Test Centre / Slot availability, best score amongst the attempts will be
considered for the ranking

ZOOLOGY
Contribution of scientists to society: Introduction to biological concepts, Biographies and contributions of scientists: Charaka,
Sushrutha, CharlesDarwin, John Gregor Mendel, Louis Pasteur, A.I. Oparin, J.B.S. Haldane, J. C. Bose, Hermann Joseph Mueller,
J.D. Watson, Francis Harry Compton Crick, Har Gobind Khorana, Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod, Marshall W Nirenberg and
Frederick Sanger, Barbara McClintock, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and others
Trends in animal body evolution (germ layers, symmetry, body cavity, etc.), Principles of animal classification, nomenclature
and concept of species, General characteristics and classifications: Protozoa: Type study: Paramecium (structure and
reproduction), Porifera: Type study: Leucosolenia, types of spicules and cells, water canal systems, Cnideria: Type study: Obelia
(structure and life cycle), structure of nematocyst, Platyhelminthes: Type study: Fasciola hepatica (structure and life cycle),
Nematoda: Type study: Ascaris (structure and life cycle), Annelida: Type study: Nereis (morphology), metamerism,
Arthropoda: Type study: Paneus (morphology), life cycles of silk worm, Mollusca: Type study: Lamellidens (shell structure and
internal anatomy), Echinodermata: Type study: Star fish (morphology), water vascular system, Fishes: Type study: Scoliodon
(morphology), scale types, accessory respiratory organs in fishes, migration in fishes, Amphibia: Type study: Rana tigrina
(morphology), digestive system, urogenital systems and respiratory system, Parental care in Amphibia, Reptilia: Amniotic egg,
identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, poison apparatus and mechanism of biting, Jacobson’s and pit organs, snake
venom and its importance, Aves: Type study: Ostrich (morphology), flight adaptations, flightless birds, Mammalia: Type study:
Rat (morphology), dentition in mammals, adaptive radiations in mammals

CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY

Periodic properties: Atomic radius, covalent, ionic & van der Waal’s radii, ionization energy, electron affinity and
electronegativity – definition, trends in periodic table, Acids and Bases: Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lux-Flood, Solvent system
and Lewis concepts of acids and bases with examples. Conjugate acid-base pairs. Limitations of the theories. Hard and Soft Acids
and Bases (HSAB): Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft-examples and comparison, Pearson’s HSAB concept-acid
base strengths and hardness and softness. Electronegativity and hardness and softness – explanation, Bioinorganic chemistry:
Photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron- transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, Thermodynamics:
Introduction, terminologies associated with thermodynamics, 1st law of thermodynamics, Heat capacity, relation between Cp and
Cv (no derivation), Joule Thomson effect, 2nd law of thermodynamics, entropy and its significance. Gibbs free energy and
Helmholtz free energy, their relationships. Thermodynamics of biological systems - importance of Gibbs free energy, G, Ionic
Equilibria: Common ion effect, solubility product and application in salting out soap and purification of common salt,
Henderson’s equation, buffer solutions, buffer action, buffer capacity, pH values of buffer mixtures, preparing buffers of desired
pH, hydrolysis of salts, hydrolysis constants, relationship between kh, ka, kb and kw for various types of salts, degree of hydrolysis,
Chemical kinetics: Law of mass action, Rate of reaction, Order and molecularity of reaction, I, II & III order reactions, Derivation
of rate equations for I, II and nth order reactions, determination of order (differential, half life and isolation methods). Effect of
temperature of reaction rates- Arrhenius equation, Oils, Fats & Waxes: Composition of oils, fats & waxes, analysis of fats and
oils - Acid value, saponification value, iodine value, Polenske value, Reichert-Meissl value, acetyl value, manufacture of soap,
cleaning action of soaps & detergents, QSAR: The basic concepts of structure activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative
structure activity relationships (QSAR), QSAR parameters – Physiochemical parametersLipophilicity –Electronic parameters,

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Manipal Entrance Test (MET) 2020 Syllabus
Steric parameters, effect of electronic and steric parameters on lipophilicity. Hansch analysis, significance of slopes and intercepts
in Hansch analysis. 3D QSAR approach, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Optical isomerism-elements of symmetry,
chirality, enantiomers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers- chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centresEg.,
Lactic acid and Tartaric acid.. Diastereomers-definition & examples, threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds-definition
and examples, Resolution of enantiomers – mechanical, chemical and biochemical methods. Relative and absolute configuration,
sequence rules, D&L, R&S systems of nomenclature. Geometrical isomerism, cis-trans, E-Z, syn-anti configurations, Green
Chemistry: Definition and principles, planning a green synthesis in a chemical laboratory, Green preparation-Aqueous phase
reactions, solid state (solventless) reactions, photochemical reactions, Phase transfer catalyst catalysed reactions, enzymatic
transformations & reactions in ionic liquids. Biochemistry: Biomolecules, Carbohydrates: Definition. Classification -
monosaccharides (ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, fructose and galactose), oligosaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and
polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose, pectin, chitin and agar agar). Biological significance, Proteins: Definition.
Classification - simple proteins (albumins, globulins, histones, actin, myosin and keratin), conjugate proteins - Chromoproteins
(haemoglobin), glycoproteins (mucin of saliva), phospoproteins (casein of milk) and lipoproteins (lipovitelline of egg yolk).
Biological significance of amino acid and proteins, Lipids: Definition. Classification - Simple lipids - oils (vegetable oil and oil of
animal origin), fats (butter) and waxes (beeswax), Compound lipids - phospholipids (lecithin and cephalin) and sphingolipids
(cerebrosides), Related compounds - steroids (estrogen, progesterone and testosterone), sterols (cholesterol) and prostaglandins.
Biological significance, Nucleic acid: Occurrence, basic chemical composition (nucleoside and nucleotide), type (DNA and RNA)
and functions, Enzymes: Definition, properties, classification based on functions. Mode of action - induced fit theory of Koshland,
Metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids

BASIC BIOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY

Introduction to Biology: Definition of Biology and its main branches - Botany and Zoology. Scope of Biology. Branches of
Biology. Classical branches - morphology, cytology, histology, anatomy, physiology, developmental biology, biosystamatics,
genetics, ecology, organic evolution and palaeontology. Interdisciplinary branches - biophysics, biochemistry and biostatistics.
Applied branches and career prospects - agriculture, entomology, silviculture, pathology, apiculture, microbiology and
bioinformatics. Role of biology in dispelling myths and disbeliefs, Origin of Life and Organic Evolution: Origin of life:
Introduction. Concept of abiogenesis and biogenesis (experimental evidences not required). A.I.Oparin’s Theory of chemical
evolution of life (Views of Haldane and Sidney Fox to be mentioned). Stanley Miller’s experiment in support of chemical
evolution. Divergent and convergent evolution. Evolution of man. Organic evolution: Introduction. Darwin’s Theory (DDT
resistance in mosquitoes and industrial melanism in Peppered moth, to illustrate natural selection to be quoted as examples). Brief
account of Mutation Theory. Neo Darwininism - Introduction, Darwinian concept vs Neo Darwinian concept (gene pool and gene
frequency), Hardy - Weinberg Law and sources of variations as evolutionary force - sexual reproduction, genetic drift, gene flow,
mutation and isolation (reproductive and geographic), Cell Biology: Cell structure: Structure and functions of cell components -
cell wall, plasma membrane (fluid mosaic model), endoplasmic reticulum, plastids (brief), mitochondria (brief), Golgi complex,
Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Centrosome, vacuole and nucleus - nuclear envelope (nuclear pores and nuclear lamina) nucleoplasm,
nucleolus and chromatin. A brief account of ergastic substances (mention about reserve food, secretory and excretory substances
with examples). Differences between plant cell and animal cell. Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centriole, Chromosomes: Discovery,
shape, size and number of chromosomes, Autosomes and allosomes; Karyotype and idiogram. Chemical composition and function.
General structure - Concept of centromere (primary constriction), secondary constriction, satellite, kinetochore, telomere. Types
of chromosomes based on the position of centromere. Ultrastructural organization of the eukaryotic chromosome - nucleosome
model. Numerical aspects of chromosomes: A brief note on aneuploidy (monosomy and trisomy) and euploidy (haploidy, diploidy
and polyploidy), Cell Reproduction: Cell division and types. Concept of cell cycle. Mitotic division and significance. Meiotic
division and its significance. Cancer - meaning of cancer, benign and malignant tumours, characters of cancer cells, types of cancer
(Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma and Leukemia), causes of cancer (physical, chemical and biological carcinogens with
examples). Concept of cell senescence and apoptosis. Gene: The gene, the genetic code and its characteristics, genetic control of
protein synthesis (transcription and translation) and Lac operon. Concept of gene (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). Genetics:
Mendelian genetics: Mendel and his work. Definitions of the following terms: Allele, Phenotype, Genotype, Homozygous and
Heterozygous. Principles of inheritance, dominance, law of segregation (purity of gametes) and law of independent assortment.
Monohybrid cross, Dihybrid cross and Test cross, Deviations from Mendelian laws: Incomplete dominance: Example - Flower

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Manipal Entrance Test (MET) 2020 Syllabus
colour in Mirabilis jalapa. Pleiotropy, Polygenic inheritance, chromosomal theory of inheritance, Sex determination, Linkage and
crossing over, Pedigree, Multiple allelism: Example - ABO blood groups and their inheritance in man: Blood typing; Rh factor
with a note on erythroblastosis foetalis. Sex linked inheritance in man: Example - Inheritance of colour-blindness , hypertrichosis
in man, Phenylketonuria, Genetic disorders in man: Chromosomal disorders - Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome,
Turner’s syndrome and Cri-du-Chat syndrome. Gene disorders - Sickle cell anaemia, haemophilia, Thalassemia.

Embryology: Male reproductive system: Anatomy of male reproductive system, structure and function of testes, histology of
testes, accessory male sex glands and their function, spermatogenesis, regulation of spermatogenesis, structure of spermatozoa.
Female reproductive system: Anatomy of female reproductive system, structure and function of ovary, histology of ovary,
menstrual cycle, folliculogenesis and oogenesis, regulation of oogenesis, structure of mature oocyte, Hormones: Classification of
hormones, mechanism of action of hormones, regulation of hormone action, endocrine disorders in reproduction, Fertilization:
Sperm oocyte interaction and fertilization, early embryo development, implantation, structure and function of placenta

CELL BIOLOGY
Cell Structure: Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell, Model Organisms: E. coli, Yeast, Flies, Fish, Worms and Mice. Membrane
Enclosed Organelles: Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Endosomes, Mitochondria, Peroxisomes.
Cytoskeleton: Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules, Actin Filaments. Cell-Division Cycle: Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis,
Cytokinesis, Meiosis, Fertilization. Tissue Architecture: Extracellular Matrix, Epithelial Sheets, Cell Junctions, Cell-Cell
Adhesion, Cell-Matrix Adhesion, Architecture of cells in Brain , Heart & Liver & Skin. Immunology: Cells of Immune System,
Humoral Immunity, Cell Mediated Immunity. Tissue Maintenance and Self Renewal: Renewal of tissues, Resident Stem Cells
in Different Tissues, Hematopoitic Stem Cell, Therapeutic cloning, Reproductive Cloning. Induced Pluripotent cells Principles
and Methodology. Cancer: Properties of cancer cells: Proliferation, Invasion and Metastasis; Gene Mutations, Oncogenes and
Tumor Supressor Genes.

 Best of Luck 
Updated: Nov 4, 2019

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