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    OPTOMED-HW2-Diabetic Retinopathy PDF

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    Danalie Salvador
    This document discusses the ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus, specifically diabetic retinopathy. It describes diabetic retinopathy as damage to the retina's blood vessels caused by high blood sugar levels from diabetes. It outlines the two types: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates and cotton wool spots. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment and subhyaloid hemorrhage.

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    OPTOMED-HW2-Diabetic Retinopathy PDF

    Uploaded by

    Danalie Salvador
    171 views3 pages
    This document discusses the ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus, specifically diabetic retinopathy. It describes diabetic retinopathy as damage to the retina's blood vessels caused by high blood sugar levels from diabetes. It outlines the two types: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates and cotton wool spots. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment and subhyaloid hemorrhage.

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    OPTOMED-HW2-Diabetic Retinopathy.pdf

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    This document discusses the ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus, specifically diabetic retinopathy. It describes diabetic retinopathy as damage to the retina's blood vessels caused by high blood sugar levels from diabetes. It outlines the two types: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates and cotton wool spots. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment and subhyaloid hemorrhage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    171 views3 pages

    OPTOMED-HW2-Diabetic Retinopathy PDF

    Uploaded by

    Danalie Salvador
    This document discusses the ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus, specifically diabetic retinopathy. It describes diabetic retinopathy as damage to the retina's blood vessels caused by high blood sugar levels from diabetes. It outlines the two types: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates and cotton wool spots. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment and subhyaloid hemorrhage.

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    SALVADOR, DANALIE C.

    OD6C

    OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

    DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
    - is a complication of diabetes that causes damage to the blood vessels of the retina.
    - the primary cause of diabetic retinopathy is diabetes—a condition in which the levels of glucose
    (sugar) in the blood are too high. Elevated sugar levels from diabetes can damage the small blood
    vessels that nourish the retina and may, in some cases, block them completely.

    TYPES OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY:

    A. NON-PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY


    Characterized by the following findings:
    MICROANEURYSMS INTRARETINAL HEMORRHAGES:
    -are the earliest clinically visible Dot/Blot or Splinter
    changes of diabetic retinopathy. hemorrhages.
    - localised capillary dilatations which -hemorrhage within the
    are usually saccular (round). nerve fibre layer tends to
    be flame shaped,
    following the divergence
    of axons.
    -in the inner layer,
    haemorrhage is aligned at
    right angles to the retinal
    surface and is
    consequently viewed end-on when using an
    ophthalmoscope; these haemorrhages appear dot or blot
    shaped.
    HARD EXUDATES COTTON WOOL SPOTS
    -are distinct yellow-white intra-retinal -are greyish-white
    deposits which can vary from small patches of discoloration
    specks to larger patches in the nerve fibre layer
    which have indistinct
    (fluffy) edges.
    - multiple cotton wool
    spots (more than 6 in one
    eye) indicate generalised
    retinal ischaemia and this
    is regarded as a pre-proliferative state

    VENOUS ABNORMALITIES INTRARETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES (IRMAs)


    Venous dilatation, beading and -areas of capillary
    duplication. dilatation and intraretinal
    new vessel formation
    -arise within ischaemic
    retina and when they are
    present in numbers are a
    feature of pre-proliferative
    retinopathy
    B. PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
    Characterized by the following findings:
    NEOVASCULARIZATION VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE
    -as the retina becomes more ischaemic new -vitreous haemorrhage can give rise to
    blood vessels may arise from the optic disc or in profound loss of vision if the macula is
    the periphery of the retina. obscured.
    1. Neovascularization at the Disc (NVD)
    2. Neovascularization Elsewhere (NVE)

    TRACTIONAL RETINAL DETACHMENT SUBHYALOID HEMORRHAGE


    -as the new vessels mature, connective tissue -where there is localised detachment of the
    and fibrosis (gliosis) occurs allowing the vitreous vitreous blood can accumulate between the
    to exert traction which may cause retinal retina and the vitreous adopting the
    detachment. characteristic appearance of a subhyaloid
    haemorrhage.
    -this is often said to be boat-shaped (in this
    case the boat has clearly capsized).

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