Sakari AR2013

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SAKARI RESOURCES LIMITED

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391B Orchard Road #17-01 Seam 197 A
Ngee Ann City Tower B Singapore 238874

Tel : +65 6499 4100 Seam 197 B
www.sakariresources.com
ANNUAL REPORT Seam 197 L
2013 Seam 196
Annual Report 2013

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CONTENTS
Corporate Directory 1
Five Year Financial Summary 2
Chairman’s Statement 3
Board Of Directors 5
Key Executives 8
Chief Executive Officer’s Review 10
Financial Review 13
Operations’ Review 15
Marketing And Sales Review 17
Coal Resource Statement 18
Coal Reserves Statement 20
Sustainability 21
Directors’ Report 23
Statement By Directors 28
Independent Auditor’s Report 29
Financial Statements And
Notes To The Financial Statements 30
Glossary 96
The Sakari Charter IBC
SAKARI RESOURCES LIMITED Annual Report 2013 1
CORPORATE DIRECTORY
Directors
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith Chairman
Mr Surong Bulakul Chief Executive Officer
Mr Chatchawal Eimsiri
Mr Peerachat Pinprayong
Mr Supattanapong Punmeechaow
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn
Dr Chua Yong Hai
Ms Julie Therese Hall
Mr Han Eng Juan
Audit, Risk & Compliance Committee

Mr Han Eng Juan Chairman
Dr Chua Yong Hai
Remuneration Committee
Ms Julie T Hall Chairwoman
Mr Han Eng Juan
Nomination Committee
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn Chairman
Ms Julie T Hall
Mr Han Eng Juan
Corporate Governance Committee

Dr Chua Yong Hai Chairman
Ms Julie T Hall
Mr Han Eng Juan
Company Secretary Graeme Bruce Tivey
Registered & Head Office 391B Orchard Road

Ngee Ann City Tower B 17-01
Singapore 238874
Tel (65) 6499 4100
Fax (65) 6327 4222
Website www.sakariresources.com
Share Register Boardroom Corporate & Advisory Services Pte. Ltd.

50 Raffles Place #32-01
Singapore Land Tower
Singapore 048623
Independent Auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers

8 Cross Street #17-00
PwC Building
Singapore 048424
Audit Partner: Graham Lee
Year of appointment: 2008
2 SAKARI RESOURCES LIMITED Annual Report 2013
FIVE YEAR SUMMARY

Y/E 31 Dec ($M) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Coal sales volume (Mt) 8.5 10.7 10.7 10.8 11.2
Coal revenue 775.3 779.4 1,010.4 924.0 811.2
Other revenue 15.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 1.7
COGS (490.5) (598.5) (696.7) (759.9) (746.0)
Gross profit 300.3 183.5 316.8 167.3 66.9
Other operating income/(expense) (1.0) (7.7) 13.1 6.2 (7.6)
Administrative, Corp & Technical (57.5) (36.5) (57.2) (31.0) (27.4)
Operating profit 241.8 139.3 272.8 142.5 31.9
Financial expenses (22.9) (13.6) (13.4) (13.5) (11.9)
PBT 218.9 125.7 259.4 129.0 20.0
Tax (85.4) (37.5) (69.1) (20.5) (10.6)
Net profit 133.5 88.2 190.3 108.5 9.4
Dividend (80.1) (52.9) (114.2) (65.1) –
Dividend Payout % 60% 60% 60% 60% 0%
EBITDA 281.3 178.0 321.2 230.4 187.5
Balance Sheet
Total Current assets 212.8 259.1 317.6 318.3 269.0
Total long-term assets 790.2 838.9 869.7 902.3 855.2
Total current liabilities 378.7 167.9 178.6 290.4 337.3
Total long-term liabilities 152.2 406.3 377.7 274.3 163.0
Total equity 472.1 523.8 631.0 656.0 624.0
Net Debt 174.7 232.5 128.6 157.6 214.4
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
Dear Shareholders these shareholders and have informed

PTT Group, our major shareholder, of
With seaborne coal supplies at record their wishes.
levels, international prices were under
constant pressure in 2013, which in You will notice that one of the
turn eroded operating margins for all resolutions to be proposed at this
producers. Sakari was not immune from year’s AGM is a proposal to give Sakari
these influences but, having reacted power to buy-back its own shares. This
early to the impact on its business, was power will initially be used to help
still able to reach a profitable outcome the Group to close out its long-term
for the year, even though at a much incentive (LTI) schemes for executives
reduced level from 2012. because the existing schemes are no
longer appropriate, given that Sakari
Sakari’s Performance in 2013 is not listed. PTT has indicated that it
will support this power and its use for
Management has worked hard to closing the LTI schemes, but at this time,
maximise margins and to contain costs there are no proposals for a wider use of
by identifying and implementing cost the power.
reduction initiatives throughout the
business. This work, coupled with Directorate
a strong marketing performance by
Tiger Energy, ensured that the Group Mr Surong Bulakul, the Chief Financial
remained profitable in 2013, with good Officer of PTT Public Company Limited,
underlying cash flows. We have begun replaced Martin Purvis as CEO in
a process of reviewing all the Group’s September, as Mr Purvis’ contract
strategies and processes, and we will expired. Mr Purvis had been CEO since
continue to explore ways in which we 2010, had helped the Group to record
can improve returns for shareholders in performances in the last 3 years, and we
the future. wish him well in his future endeavours.
Shareholder Developments Mr Bulakul does not intend to hold the

position on a long-term basis as he has
The Group has received many requests many other responsibilities in the PTT
from minority shareholders for some Group. We are working to identify and
form of liquidity for their unlisted shares. appoint a strong successor to the role.
We remain mindful of the position of
Chairman’s Statement (continued)
Conclusion which we expect will bring exciting

developments for the future as we form
Many of the larger, established coal our plans to consider how to best gain
producers have adjusted their long-term from opportunities in the market.
mine plans so that future production
will be at lower costs. In many cases I would like to offer my appreciation
the focus on costs has gone hand-in- to the many public officers and
hand with decisions to cut back on communities that we deal with in
production rates, which is obviously Indonesia and elsewhere for their
helpful for prices. However, new diligent approach to the issues that arise
production from countries such as in the course of Sakari’s daily business,
Colombia and supplies from USA and to my fellow Directors for their support
Africa continue to target the key markets and to Sakari’s staff for the commitment
of China and India, which makes it and loyalty that they have shown. In
difficult to foresee any significant upturn particular I would like to offer my thanks
in prices for 2014. and best wishes for the future to those
Directors who will be retiring at the
Sakari will continue to keep its focus AGM in May, to Mr Martin Purvis who
on margins and costs and will also look stood down from his office last year, as
closely at consolidation opportunities well as to the management and staff of
around its producing assets that may Sakari who have been involved in the
help bring economies of scale. Another recent changes to the organisation.
key objective for 2014 will be to
develop a sound long-term strategy for Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith
Sakari as a member of the PTT Group, Chairman
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith
Chairman
Dr Chitrapongse holds an MSc degree and a Doctorate in Industrial Engineering from

the Lamar University, Texas, USA. His career in the natural resources industry began
with positions in several major international companies in Thailand and the USA.
He has worked with the Petroleum Authority of Thailand, subsequently renamed PTT
Public Company Limited, where he held the position of Deputy Governor Corporate
Strategy until 1999. In 2000, Dr Chitrapongse was assigned by PTT to assume
the position of Chief Executive Officer of PTT Exploration and Production Public
Company Limited and retired in 2010 as the Chief Operating Officer of the Upstream
Petroleum and Gas Business Group of PTT Public Company Limited. Dr Chitrapongse
holds Directorships in several subsidiary companies of PTT.
Surong Bulakul
Mr Surong is the Chief Financial Officer of PTT Public Company Limited. He holds a
BSc in Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, an ME in Operations Research
and an MBA from Cornell University, USA. He joined PTT Group in 2005 and has
held various senior management positions in PTT Group prior to his appointment as
CFO in 2013. He was appointed to the Board of Sakari in February 2013. Mr Surong
holds Directorships in other companies including Global Power Synergy Company
Limited and IRPC Public Company Limited.
Chatchawal Eimsiri
Mr Chatchawal holds an MSc in Operations Research from the London School of
Economics and Political Science and a BSc in Mathematics from the University of
London. He has held various executive positions in PTT Group during his career and
is now an Executive Vice President of PTT Public Company Limited.
Peerachat Pinprayong
Mr Peerachat holds a BSc degree in Geology and a Master of Management
qualification from Chulalongkorn University. He has worked with PTT Group
since 1997 specialising in business development and planning positions in various
subsidiary companies. He is now the Executive Vice President of PTT International
Company Limited’s Coal & Mining Business. Mr Peerachat has been a Director of
Sakari since April 2012.
Board of Directors (continued)
Supattanapong Punmeechaow
Mr Supattanapong has over 25 years’ experience in commercial and investment
banking and has developed an extensive network with corporates and government
in Thailand. In a career that has spanned banking and the industrial sector,
Mr Supattanapong has developed particular expertise in project finance and
M & A in the petrochemical, energy and infrastructure industries. He joined PTT
Group in 2009 as Executive Vice President in charge of enterprise risk management
and international business development.
Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn
Mr Apisit holds a BSc degree in Civil Engineering from Khonkaen University, Thailand
and a Master in Engineering from Lamar University, Texas, USA. He has had a long
and distinguished career in the oil and gas industry, including appointments as
Department Director and Senior Vice President for the Petroleum Authority of Thailand
and Senior Assistant Governor at companies including Star Petroleum Refining Limited
and Petro Asia (Thailand). Mr Apisit worked for PTT Group from 2000 to 2006 when
he retired as Senior Executive Vice President of the Oil Business Group of PTT Public
Company Limited. In addition to his Directorship of Sakari, Mr Apisit serves as a
Non-Executive Director on the boards of several other companies in the ASEAN
region.
Dr Chua Yong Hai

Dr. Chua holds postgraduate qualifications in Chemical Engineering and Business
Administration. He has served on the boards of several listed companies in Singapore
and Australia, is chairman of 2 other public companies and a director of several
private companies. In the public sector, he was a Deputy Secretary in the Singapore
Government Administrative Service where his last held positions were Director of
Investments in the Ministry of Finance and General Manager of Temasek Holdings
Private Limited. In the private sector, Dr Chua was Chief Executive and Managing
Director of United Engineers Limited and the Group General Manager of Suntec City
Development Private Limited. He is Singapore’s non-resident High Commissioner to
the Maldives and has been awarded a Public Service Medal and a Public Service Star
by the President of Singapore for social and community work.
Board of Directors (continued)
Han Eng Juan

Mr Han is a qualified accountant. He is a Director of the Singapore Deposit
Insurance Corporation Limited, a member of the Citizenship Committee of Inquiry
and Treasurer of the Singapore Red Cross Society. Mr Han has been awarded the
Public Administration Medal (Silver) for service in the public sector and the Public
Service Medal for community work. In the public sector, Mr Han has held senior
positions in the Board of Commissioners of Currency Singapore and the Monetary
Authority of Singapore. His last position in the private sector was as Senior Managing
Director and Singapore Country Head of Dexia Banque Internationale à Luxembourg.
Julie Therese Hall

Ms Hall is a qualified geologist and also holds several diplomas in corporate
directorship and financial planning. She is a Senior Fellow of the Corporate Directors
Association, a member of the Australian Institute of Directors and a Senior Fellow of
the Financial Securities Institute. Ms Hall has almost 30 years’ experience in mining
projects in Australia and Asia, including 13 years at BHP Ltd. She is an Executive
Director of Far East Energy Corporate Pty Limited and its subsidiaries, and a Director
of Pegnel Resources Pty Limited, a private resources consultancy company.
KEY EXECUTIVES
Surong Bulakul
Chief Executive Officer
Mr Bulakul was appointed CEO of Sakari Group in September 2013.
David Lim
Chief Operating Officer
Mr Lim was appointed as Chief Operating Officer in March 2010. He is responsible

for managing all operational aspects of Sakari’s coal mining activities, including
exploration, mining, processing, environmental rehabilitation, safety, and contractor
management. Mr Lim is an experienced mining executive with a career that spans 30
years in South East Asia, of which 28 have been spent working in Indonesia in civil
engineering, marine engineering, coal and gold mining. He joined the Sakari Group
in 2003 and spent 4 years working at Sebuku mine as the Resident Manager.
Wantana Kanoksuttiwong

Chief Financial Officer
Mrs Kanoksuttiwong has over 30 years’ experience in the oil and chemicals industries
in Thailand and SE Asia and has worked with PTT Group since 2010. She holds a
B.A. (Accounting) and completed an MBA at Central Missouri State University,
U.S.A. She joined the finance department of Sakari in 2012 and was appointed
CFO in September 2013. In addition to her wide experience in accounting,
Mrs Kanoksuttiwong has specific senior management experience in business
processes, financial analysis and reporting and compliance matters gained with major
international oil and gas companies.
Ir Ginarsa Tandinegara
President Director, Indonesia
Pak Ginarsa was appointed President Director Indonesia in 1993, holding

responsibility for key government relationships, operating licences, tax and legal
compliance in Indonesia. He has a degree in Civil Engineering and 40 years
working experience in Indonesia, of which over one-half has been based in Jakarta
and Balikpapan. Pak Ginarsa was a key member of the original project team that
developed the Sebuku coal mine in 1997.
Key Executives (continued)
Dany Aswin
Director, Indonesia
Pak Dany is a Geologist with qualifications in Economic Geology from universities

in Indonesia and Australia and almost 30 years of experience working with the
Government of Indonesia. He joined the Group in 1996 as a Geologist and
acquired senior responsibilities for managing government relations and community
development programmes before being appointed to his current role. Pak Dany was
a member of the team that assessed the potential in the Jembayan mine prior to its
acquisition in December 2007 and oversaw the subsequent exploration and drill out
to JORC standards.
Graeme Tivey
Executive General Manager, Business Systems & Company Secretary
Mr Tivey holds a Bachelor of Economics from Monash University and an MBA from
Deakin University. He is a Chartered Accountant and a Chartered Company Secretary
with 30 years’ experience in a diverse range of industries, multi-national companies
and high profile organizations in Australia and in Indonesia. He has lived and worked
in Asia for over 15 years and joined Sakari in 2008 as General Manager Finance.
Mr Tivey is member of the Singapore Institute of Directors and a Fellow of the
Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Lon Taranaki
Executive General Manager, Business Development
Mr Taranaki is tasked with the generation and targeting of business development and
growth opportunities as well as the risk management and sustainability portfolios
for the Group. He has over 18 years’ experience in the mining industry of which
14 years have been in the coal industry, working for BHP Coal, Sedgman’s and as a
Resident Manager of Sakari’s Sebuku coal mine for over 4 years.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’s REVIEW
Dear Shareholders
The reality that the strong bull market (2012: $927m). The effective work by
that coal producers had enjoyed for management to identify and implement
several years had ended, was decisively cost reduction opportunities throughout
driven home in 2013. Prices remained the business reduced production
stubbornly under pressure throughout cash costs by 14% year-on-year to
the year, even in the face of events that $46.8/t (2012: $54.1/t). This was a
previously would have been expected to commendable achievement attributable
cause strong price increases. Although to excellent teamwork and planning.
selling prices fell, cost pressures
continued to rise, albeit at a slower rate Exploration
to recent years.
Information from exploration activities
Sakari has responded well to the new over the last 3 years has provided the
environment with management focused Group with a large amount of data
on initiatives to contain cost pressures that is sufficient to support robust mine
and improve operational efficiency. plans at both sites for the medium-
The strong platform that Sakari has term. We do not therefore have a
built in recent years helped the Group need currently for any major activity to
to face the challenges with confidence expand our resource knowledge and
and produce another year of record reserves. Exploration activity in 2013
sales accompanied by sound cash mainly provided significant support
generation, highlighted by the Group’s for operations through infill drilling
$188m EBITDA in 2013. The Group in new mining areas along with some
has kept its leading position as one of work allowing for resource and reserves
Indonesia’s largest and most reputable extension at Jembayan.
coal exporters.
Business Development
Sakari’s Performance in 2013
The Group has made good progress
Production in 2013 also reached a towards obtaining the necessary licences
new record of 11.0Mt (2012: 10.8Mt). to allow it to start mining activities in
However a drop in the Newcastle the Western Leases at Sebuku. The
Index in 2013 to an average of $85.26/t process is complicated and involves
(2012: 96.96/t), was the primary reason several levels of government and many
for a 12% drop in revenue to $813m other interested parties and, whilst we
Chief Executive Officer’s Review (continued)
cannot yet indicate a timeframe for with buyers in 2013. Competition for
approvals with any degree of certainty, shipments was very strong as prices
the project remains a key focus for weakened and some Chinese buyers
Sakari. sourced locally rather than through
imports. Sakari’s ASP for 2013 was
Other activities for the development of $72.94/t (2012: $86.84/t), which we
Sakari’s business have centred around estimate to be a 3% premium to the
potential areas that are adjacent to Mark-to-Market level when compared
Jembayan. against the Newcastle Index. The ASP
included $6.0m from price hedging.
Our plans to develop a haul road from
the Eastern side of Jembayan to the coast A highlight of Sakari’s Continuous
have moved ahead during 2013. This is Improvement programme was the good
an exciting project that, on delivery, has working relationship between Tiger
the potential to produce very significant Energy and the minesites, reflected in
cost savings for Jembayan. We are the Group earning net despatch on
reviewing the benefits of different styles 2013 shipments of $610k (equivalent to
of infrastructure that may be developed $0.05/t).
and have opened discussions with other
miners in the Separi basin who may Outlook
be interested in joining us in this new
project. Having successfully absorbed changes in
its market, operations and management
Sustainability in 2013, Sakari has confirmed the
strengths in depth that exist in the
Sakari will again publish a separate organisation and is looking ahead with
Sustainability Report for 2013, which confidence. Although it is difficult to
will be available for download see reasons why producers should
through our website at http://www. expect any significant improvement in
sakariresources.com. international coal prices in 2014, there
are opportunities open to us and these
Marketing will be part of our focus in 2014. With
the coal price outlook as it is, we will
Sakari’s focus on customer service and also use our Continuous Improvement
our reputation for reliability were strong programmes to identify more areas for
allies for Tiger Energy in its dealings margin increases.
Chief Executive Officer’s Review (continued)
Sakari is now an established member accessible location. If we are successful

of PTT Group and will start to reap in this venture, the long-term outlook
benefits from that relationship. As an for Sakari at Sebuku will be enviable.
example of this, the services and pricing Our work on the Eastern corridor at
mechanisms that Tiger Energy can offer Jembayan and the cost savings it can
customers are being broadened through bring, will be a priority for our Business
links to PTT’s own international trading Development team.
arm and the depth of experience and
knowledge that they possess. Tiger In summary, Sakari is well placed to
Energy is already working closely with progress in 2014 and beyond. We
PTT Group on these opportunities. The have adjusted quickly to the problems
management disciplines within PTT presented by prices and supplies, we
Group companies mean that Sakari will have a very strong management team
also be upgrading its financial and risk with a proven record of anticipating
management through more rigorous challenges and rising to overcome them
planning, monitoring and analysis. All and we have two world class mines with
this work will lead to a more robust very competitive cost structures and the
group and ensure that Sakari achieves backing of PTT, a Fortune 100 company.
optimum results for its shareholders.
We will continue to progress the Surong Bulakul

important Western Leases project, Chief Executive Officer
which is possibly one of the last major
resources of high quality coal in a highly
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Revenue and Profit
(US$M) 2013 2012 YoY Change

Revenue 812.9 927.3 -12.3%
EBITDA 187.5 230.4 -18.8%
Net Profit After Tax 9.4 108.5 -91.4%
The most significant impact on the Group’s 2013 results was the depressed level of
international coal prices, which resulted in a drop in revenues. Although coal sales
volumes increased by 3% compared to 2012, revenue from coal sales fell 12%.
Other significant items that impacted profits were: a higher depreciation charge of
$156m (2012: $89m) arising mainly from accelerated amortization from mined
out pits at Jembayan; the weakening of the Indonesian Rupiah, which resulted in
unrealized losses from prepaid taxes; and redundancy and retrenchment costs that
were mainly associated with management changes and the closure of the Perth office.
Despite these items, the Group produced strong EBITDA of $187m, which
demonstrates the fundamental strength that underlies the Group’s business.
Balance Sheet
(US$M) 2013 2012

Total Current Assets 269.0 318.3
Total long-term Assets 855.2 902.3
Total Current Liabilities 337.3 290.4
Total long-term Liabilities 163.0 274.3
Total Equity 624.0 656.0
The Group’s balance sheet remains strong with cash and cash equivalents of $53m at
year end 2013.
Financial Review (continued)
In 2013, the US$380 million five-year club financing facility that was signed in 2010
with Siam Commercial Bank, Krung Thai Bank, Bangkok Bank and Standard Chartered
Bank, began amortization with a total of $95m being repaid during the year. An
alternative source of financing for the Group has been arranged through our holding
company, PTT, at improved rates and at rates that were better than the Group might
have been able to achieve through its normal commercial channels. In addition, the
Group did not have to pay the normal arrangement and other fees that are associated
with refinancing of bank borrowings. The PTT facilities are all short term, which
affects the Group’s balance sheet current ratio, but we consider that this should not be
seen in an adverse light because of the major shareholding that PTT Group holds in
Sakari and PTT’s own financial standing.
Wantana Kanoksuttiwong
Chief Financial Officer
OPERATIONS’ REVIEW
Production and Sales Volumes
Kt Year Ended 31 December

Sebuku 2013 2012
Coal mined 3,858 3,324
Product coal 2,958 2,715
Sales 2,991 2,610
Jembayan
Coal mined 8,093 8,083
Sales 8,198 8,225
Total
Coal mined 11,951 11,407
Sales 11,188 10,835
Soft international coal prices in 2013 our mines’ reserves whilst protecting
forced most mining companies in cash flow, thereby preserving value to
Indonesia to review their operational give the Group higher returns in the
strategy, mainly because businesses long run.
were carrying high production costs
inherited from the strong growth Sebuku Mine
experienced during the 2009 to 2011
boom. Following our strategy, Sebuku began
2013 with a relatively slow production
Two main responses were evident: some rate of 1.2Mt during the first half of
companies ramped up production in the year. During this period we looked
the hope that overall profits would be at cost management opportunities
maintained through higher volume sales; and designed shorter, bigger and
other focused on mining low cost pits more efficient facilities for mud and
to sustain profitability, but this could in-pit waste dumping. Once we had
be at the expense of exhausting low completed these facilities, we began to
cost reserves and, therefore, potentially ramp-up production to a total of 1.7Mt
damaging the long-term value of the in H2 2013, of which 1.0Mt came in
mine. Sakari focused on containing Q4 2013. In this way, Sebuku was able
production costs and optimizing market to absorb the impact of lower prices by
opportunities, by limiting production reducing production costs and, at the
to meet only our customers’ critical same time, meet the 2013 requirements
requirements. We selected this strategy of our customers.
because we believe that it will conserve
Operations’ Review (continued)
Sebuku’s total production in 2013 was production throughout 2013 with a

2.96Mt a 9% increase over 2012’s total. consistent and reliable product for
customers.
By the end of the year, the Tanah Putih
pit was completely mined out and Jembayan suffered poor weather and
production is now coming exclusively mining conditions on a number of
from the Northern Leases. different occasions during 2013 and a
most significant improvement was the
Mining at Sebuku still faces numerous mine’s ability to deliver steady monthly
technical and non-technical issues, production levels despite changes in
particularly in relation to mud, which conditions.
is deeper as we mine northwards.
We have unrivalled expertise and Other challenges that the mine faced
experience in mud mining techniques came from community issues and high
and we will spare no effort to ensure expectations for land compensation
that Sebuku continues to operate in values. Community problems were
a safe and healthy manner. Sebuku is much reduced from 2012 and show
expected to be certified to ISO14001 management’s commitment to engaging
and OHSAS18001 standards in 2014. In the community as an important integral
addition, we will continue to invest in of our operations. Land acquisition is
geotechnical studies and will continually the biggest forward looking challenge
look for improvements in mud mining for Jembayan where we must strike
methodology and the design of mud a balance between paying excessive
containment cells. prices and acquiring enough land to
plan and execute mining into new
Jembayan Mine areas. The same issues are faced by our
neighbours, who we are working with to
Jembayan’s main focus in achieving find solutions to this problem.
our strategy for 2013 was delivering
efficiencies through the ongoing QHSE
continuous improvement programmes
across the whole site. Major reviews For information on Sakari’s QSHE and
and improvements were implemented other Sustainable business initiatives,
on key cost drivers such as production please see our Sustainability report that
and mining methods, stripping will be available through our website at
ratio, dumping distance, manpower http://www.sakariresources.com.
planning and resource allocation.
The initiatives delivered significant
savings underpinned by a positive David Lim
and enthusiastic workforce. The result Chief Operating Officer
was that Jembayan delivered steady
MARKETING AND SALES REVIEW
The work in 2012 that Tiger Energy put seaborne prices caused by the China
into improving its management and effect, affects all our markets.
control of sales and logistics operations
reaped rewards in 2013 as customers India has been very price sensitive and
looked for superior services from buyers were absent from the market
producers in a competitive environment. when prices began to climb. Therefore
We maintained our customer base that any possibility of a sustained rally in
is founded on long-term relationships prices was quickly removed and the
with some of Asia’s largest and most overwhelming sentiment on pricing for
reputable power producers and also the first 9 months of 2013 was bearish.
developed new relationships in order to In the final quarter, there were price
spread customer supply risks. improvements as China began higher
levels of imports alongside normal levels
As coal supplies continued to be for Indian imports.
abundant for power producers, Sakari’s
reputation for reliability and consistency In actual numbers (based on the global
was an important factor in determining Coal Newcastle index), coal prices
customers’ decisions to buy our coal. started 2013 around $93/t, gradually
We also noticed that many customers declined to a low of $77/t in July and
are increasingly interested in their ended the year at $86/t.
suppliers’ work on sustainable issues,
an area where Sakari has been a leader Tiger Energy’s Performance
in Indonesia, which again helped us to
maintain and build relationships. Tiger Energy’s 2013 performance again
helped the Group to realise higher than
2013 Coal Markets market prices for our coal. We estimate
that on a mark-to-market basis, the
There was a general consistency about Group ASP of $72.94/t was a premium
the seaborne coal market in 2013. of about 3% to the Newcastle average of
Producers again targeted China and $85/t.
India, the world’s two largest consumers.
Demand increased in both countries in Our shipping and logistics team had
2013, but each country had different another good year, achieving net
approaches to their supply sources. despatch of $0.05/t. They also helped
In the main, China turned to local in the Group’s cost reduction efforts
producers for the greater part of 2013, through operation on the Straits Phoenix
which restricted imports and therefore floating terminal.
increased competition among suppliers
in the seaborne trade into China,
Whilst Sakari only provides very small Saurajit Chaichanwattanakul
volumes to China, we suffer the effect Tiger Energy Trading Pte Ltd
of competition since the pressure on
COAL RESOURCE STATEMENT

As at 31 December 2013
SEBUKU
Measured +
In situ resources (Mt) Measured Indicated Inferred Total
Indicated
Karbon Mahakam 1.5 6.5 8 – 8
Metalindo Bumi Raya 8.0 41.0 49 – 49
CCoW – BCS – Onshore – 36.0 36 – 36
CCoW – BCS – Offshore – 420.0 420 380 800
TOTAL SEBUKU 9.5 503.3 513 380 893
JEMBAYAN
Measured +
Indicated
Jembayan (All) 252.7 333.2 585 117 703
SAKARI GROUP
Measured +
Indicated
GRAND TOTAL 262.1 837 1,099 497 1,595
General
1. The information on coal resources as at 31 December 2013 was prepared by or

under the supervision of Competent Persons as defined in the JORC Code.
2. The JORC Code requires the use of reasonable economic assumptions. These
include long-range commodity price forecasts which are prepared by in-house
specialists. The coal resource estimates are dynamic and are influenced by changing
economic conditions, technical issues, environmental regulations and relevant new
information and therefore can vary from year to year.
3. Coal resources are inclusive of coal reserves.
4. Rounding of figures may cause computational discrepancies.
Coal Resource Statement
1. The information in this statement that relates to coal resources is based on information
compiled by Mr Chris Ramsay, who is a Member of The Australasian Institute of
Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM) and the Australian Institute of Geoscientists
(MAIG).
Coal Resources Statement (continued)
2. Mr Ramsay is a full-time employee of Sakari Resources Limited.
3. Mr Ramsay has sufficient experience which is relevant to the type of mineralisation

and style of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking,
to qualify as the Competent Person as defined in the 2004 edition of the ‘Australasian
Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’.
Mr Ramsay consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on his
information in the form and context in which they appear.
Summary of changes
The 2013 Resource and Reserve update herein represent a reduction in the figures
reported in the 2012 Annual Report in view of the operations production throughout
2013. Thus the Resource and Reserve figures herein equate to the 2012 reported figures
less the 2013 mine production. Minor additions to Coal Resources are from improved
coal estimate classification through further drilling and data collection.
COAL RESERVES STATEMENT

SEBUKU Proven Probable TOTAL Marketable

Product Reserves (Mt) 19.8 6.6 26.4 21.6
JEMBAYAN Proven Probable TOTAL Marketable

SAKARI GROUP Proven Probable TOTAL Marketable

GRAND TOTAL
General
1. The information on coal reserves as at 31 December 2013 was prepared by or
under the supervision of Competent Persons as defined in the JORC Code.
2. The reserves are based on resource estimates also prepared by or under the
supervision of Competent Persons as defined in the JORC Code.
3. The JORC Code requires the use of reasonable economic assumptions. These
include long-range commodity price forecasts which are prepared by in-house
specialists. The coal reserves estimates are dynamic and are influenced by
changing economic conditions, technical issues, environmental regulations and
relevant new information and therefore can vary from year to year.
4. Rounding of figures may cause computational discrepancies.
Coal Reserve Statement
1. The information in this statement that relates to coal reserves is based on
information compiled by Mr Brian Pocock, who is a Member of The Australasian
Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
2. Mr Pocock is a full-time employee of Sakari Resources Limited.
3. Mr Pocock has sufficient experience which is relevant to the type of mineralisation
and style of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is
undertaking, to qualify as the Competent Person as defined in the 2004 edition of
the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and
Ore Reserves’. Mr Pocock consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters
based on his information in the form and context in which they appear.
Summary of changes
The 2013 Resource and Reserve update herein represent a reduction in the figures
reported in the 2012 Annual Report in view of the operations production throughout
2013. Thus the Resource and Reserve figures herein equate to the 2012 reported
figures less the 2013 mine production. There are no material changes to the Sakari
Group Coal reserves as at 31 December 2012.
SUSTAINABILITY
Sakari’s Sustainability Report will be available for download from our website
http://www.sakariresources.com or a hard copy can be obtained on request to our
Company Secretary at company.secretary@sakariresources.com
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
23 Directors’ Report
28 Statement by Directors
29 Independent Auditor’s Report
30 Consolidated Income Statement
31 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive
Income
32 Balance Sheets
34 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
35 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
36 Notes to the Financial Statements
96 Glossary
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
For the financial year ended 31 December 2013
The directors present their report to the members together with the audited financial statements of Sakari
Resources Limited and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) for the financial year ended 31 December 2013 and the
balance sheet of Sakari Resources Limited (the “Company”) as at 31 December 2013.
Directors
The directors of the Company in office at the date of this report are as follows:
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith Non-Executive Chairman

Mr Surong Bulakul Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director
Mr Chatchawal Eimsiri Non-Executive Director
Mr Supattanapong Punmeechaow Non-Executive Director
Mr Peerachat Pinprayong Non-Executive Director
Mr Han Eng Juan Independent Director
Dr Chua Yong Hai Independent Director
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn Independent Director
Ms Julie Therese Hall Independent Director
Arrangements to enable directors to acquire shares or debentures
Neither at the end of nor at any time during the financial year was the Company a party to any arrangement
whose object was to enable the directors of the Company to acquire benefits by means of the acquisition of
shares in, or debentures of, the Company or any other body corporate, other than as disclosed under “Share
options” in this report.
Directors’ interests in shares or debentures
(a) According to the register of directors’ shareholdings, none of the directors holding office at the
end of the financial year had any interest in the shares or debentures of the Company or its related
corporations, except as follows:

Holdings registered Holdings in which a
in name of director director is deemed to
or nominee have an interest
At 1.1.2013 At 1.1.2013
or date of or date of
At appointment, At appointment,
31.12.2013 if later 31.12.2013 if later
Company
(No. of ordinary shares)
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn 500,000 500,000 – –
PTT Public Company Limited

Ultimate holding corporation
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith 218,090 218,090 40,600 40,600
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn 7,000 – 486,108 386,018
Mr Chatchawal Eimsiri 32,000 – – –
Directors’ Report (continued)
Directors’ interests in shares or debentures (continued)
(a)
Holdings registered Holdings in which a

in name of director director is deemed to
or nominee have an interest
At 1.1.2013 At 1.1.2013
or date of or date of
At appointment, At appointment,
31.12.2013 if later 31.12.2013 if later
PTT Exploration and Production

Public Company Limited
Related corporation
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith 245,463 245,463 187,302 187,302
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn 200,000 200,000 – –
Mr Chatchawal Eimsiri 8,572 – – –
PTT Global Chemical Plc

Related corporation
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn – – 402,301 402,301
(b) According to the register of directors’ shareholdings, certain directors holding office at the end of
the financial year had interests in options to subscribe for ordinary shares of the Company granted
pursuant to the Sakari Resources Limited option plan as set out under “Options issued to directors” on
page 26 of this report.
No. of unissued ordinary shares under option
At 1.1.2013
or date of
At appointment
31.12.2013 if later
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith
2011 Options 77,236 77,236
2012 Options 73,077 73,077
Mr Supattanapong Punmeechaow
2012 Options 28,846 28,846
Mr Chatchawal Eimsiri
2012 Options 28,846 28,846
Directors’ interests in shares or debentures (continued)
(b)
No. of unissued ordinary shares under option (continued)
At 1.1.2013
or date of
At appointment
31.12.2013 if later
Mr Peerachat Pinprayong
2011 Options 30,488 30,488
2012 Options 28,846 28,846
Mr Han Eng Juan

2008 Options – 100,000
2011 Options 50,813 50,813
2012 Options 51,923 51,923
Dr Chua Yong Hai

2008 Options – 150,000
2011 Options 67,073 67,073
2012 Options 42,308 42,308
2011 Options 48,780 48,780
2012 Options 50,000 50,000
Ms Julie Hall
2012 Options 42,308 42,308
Directors’ contractual benefits
Since the end of the previous financial year, no director has received or become entitled to receive a benefit by
reason of a contract made by the Company or a related corporation with the director or with a firm of which
he is a member or with a company in which he has a substantial financial interest, except as disclosed in the
accompanying financial statements and in this report, and except that certain directors.
Share options
(a) Employee share option plans
Information regarding the Company’s Employee Share Option Plan (“ESOP”) and Executive Share
Acquisition Plan (“ExSAP”) have been disclosed in the Company’s Financial Statements. There have
been no changes to these plans during 2013 or up to the date of this report. As the Company is no
longer listed, no shares have been issued under ExSAP and no options granted under ESOP during
2013 or up to the date of this report. The Company intends to close these plans in 2014, subject to the
relevant approval by the shareholders.
(b) Options issued to directors
Details of the options to subscribe for ordinary shares in the Company granted to Directors in previous
years have been disclosed in the Company’s Financial Statements.
No options have been granted during the financial year ended 31 December 2013 to subscribe for
unissued shares of the Company.
Details of the options previously granted to directors of the Company are as follows:
No. of unissued ordinary shares of the

Company under option
Aggregate
Aggregate exercised
granted since or expired since Aggregate
commencement commencement outstanding
of schemes to of schemes to as at
31.12.2013 31.12.2013 31.12.2013
Name of director
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith 150,313 – 150,313
Mr Chatchawal Eimsiri 28,846 – 28,846
Mr Peerachat Pinprayong 59,334 – 59,334
Mr Supattanapong Punmeechaow 28,846 – 28,846
Mr Han Eng Juan 202,736 100,000* 102,736
Dr Chua Yong Hai 259,381 150,000* 109,381
Mr Apisit Rujikeatkamjorn 98,780 – 98,780
Ms Julie Hall 42,308 – 42,308
* These options expired on 30 April 2013

Share options (continued)
(c) Share options outstanding
The number of unissued ordinary shares of the Company under option in relation to the Sakari
Resources Limited Employee Share Option Plan outstanding at the end of the financial year was as
follows:
No. of unissued
ordinary shares
under option at
31.12.2013 Exercise price Exercise period
2010 Options 383,750 S$2.27 23.06.2011 – 23.06.2015

2011 Options 429,260 S$2.30 23.02.2012 – 23.02.2016
2011 Options 274,390 S$2.66 21.04.2012 – 21.04.2016
2012 Options 492,615 S$2.23 31.01.2013 – 31.01.2017
2012 Options 346,154 S$1.99 27.04.2013 – 27.04.2017
1,926,169
On behalf of the directors
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith Mr Surong Bulakul

Director Director
26 February 2014
STATEMENT BY DIRECTORS
31 December 2013
In the opinion of the directors,

STATEMENT BY DIRECTORS
(i) the balance sheet of the Company and the consolidated financial statements of the Group as set out
on pages 30 to 95 are drawn up so as to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company
and of the Group as at 31 December 2013 and of the results of the business, changes in equity and
cash flows of the Group for the financial year then ended; and
(ii) at the date of this statement, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to
pay its debts as and when they fall due.
On behalf of the directors
Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith Mr Surong Bulakul

Director Director
26 February 2014
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

31 December 2013
Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Sakari Resources Limited
Report on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Sakari Resources Limited (the “Company”) and
its subsidiaries (the “Group”) set out on pages 30 to 95 which comprise the consolidated balance sheet of the
Group and the balance sheet of the Company as at 31 December 2013, the consolidated income statement,
the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity and
the consolidated statement of cash flows of the Group for the financial year then ended, and a summary of
significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view in
accordance with the provisions of the Singapore Companies Act (the “Act”) and Singapore Financial Reporting
Standards, and for devising and maintaining a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide
a reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorised use or disposition; and
transactions are properly authorised and that they are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of true
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

and fair profit and loss accounts and balance sheets and to maintain accountability of assets.

Auditor’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted
our audit in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply
with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of
the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk
assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation of financial statements
that give a true and fair view in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also
includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our
audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements of the Group and the balance sheet of the Company are
properly drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the Act and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards
so as to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of the Company as at 31 December
2013, and of the results, changes in equity and cash flows of the Group for the financial year ended on that
date.
Report on other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
In our opinion, the accounting and other records required by the Act to be kept by the Company and by those
subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore, of which we are the auditors, have been properly kept in accordance
with the provisions of the Act.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Public Accountants and Chartered Accountants
Singapore, 26 February 2014
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

Group
Note 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Revenue 4 812,942 927,268

Cost of sales 7 (746,024) (759,919)
Gross profit 66,918 167,349
Other income 5 706 1,043
Other(losses)/gains - net 6 (8,288) 5,147
Expenses
- Finance 9 (11,874) (13,533)
- Corporate and technical support 7 (27,470) (31,015)
Profit before income tax 19,992 128,991
Income tax expense 10 (10,611) (20,524)
Net profit after tax 9,381 108,467
Profit attributable to:

Equity holders of the Company 9,513 108,467
Non-controlling interests (132) –
9,381 108,467
Earnings per share attributable to equity holders

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
of the Company
(US$ per share):
- Basic 11(a) 0.01 0.10
- Diluted 11(b) 0.01 0.10
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE

INCOME
Group
Note 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Profit for the year 9,381 108,467
Other comprehensive income/(loss):

Item that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans 33 –
Item that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Available-for-sale financial assets
- Fair value gain/(loss) 17 230 (24)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax 263 (24)
Total comprehensive income 9,644 108,443

BALANCE SHEETS
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
Note US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 12 52,888 121,721 16,699 9,585
Trade and other receivables 13 106,141 86,284 556,892 571,202
Inventories 14 41,754 39,148 – –
Current tax receivables 15 67,554 64,703 – –
Derivative financial instruments 23 668 6,459 – –
269,005 318,315 573,591 580,787
Noncurrent assets
Other receivables 16 5,688 7,151 – –
Available–for–sale financial assets 17 1,093 2,045 – –
Investments in subsidiaries – – 42,208 42,208
Property, plant and equipment 18 743,674 795,604 674 993
Exploration and evaluation 19 17,734 10,912 – –
Intangible assets 20 78,540 78,540 – –
Deferred income tax assets 21 8,497 8,074 – –
855,226 902,326 42,882 43,201
Total assets 1,124,231 1,220,641 616,473 623,988
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 22 144,339 166,976 6,767 7,920
Current income tax liabilities 13,888 23,710 350 2,200
Derivative financial instruments 23 659 6,615 – –
Borrowings 26 174,500 87,500 170,000 80,000
Provisions 24 3,898 5,606 2,055 2,370
337,284 290,407 179,172 92,490
Noncurrent liabilities
Borrowings 26 92,751 191,848 89,751 184,348
Deferred income tax liabilities 27 58,599 74,996 2,058 1,797
Provisions 25 11,621 7,409 214 –
162,971 274,253 92,023 186,145
Total liabilities 500,255 564,660 271,195 278,635
Net assets 623,976 655,981 345,278 345,353

Balance Sheets (continued)
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
Note US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
EQUITY
Capital and reserves attributable to
equity holders of the Company
Share capital 28 327,687 327,509 327,687 327,509
Other reserves 29 (10,999) (11,733) 9,687 9,216
Retained profits 30 307,420 340,205 7,904 8,628
624,108 655,981 345,278 345,353

Non–controlling interests (132) – – –
Total equity 623,976 655,981 345,278 345,353

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Attributable to equity holders of the Company

Non–
Share Other Retained controlling Total
capital reserves profits Total interests equity
Note US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
2013
Beginning of financial year 327,509 (11,733) 340,205 655,981 – 655,981
Transferred to share capital 28 178 (178) – – – –
Share-based compensation
expense 29(a) – 468 – 468 – 468
Share plan loan repayment 29(a) – 181 – 181 – 181
Dividends paid 31 – – (42,298) (42,298) – (42,298)
Total comprehensive income/
(loss) for the financial year – 263 9,513 9,776 (132) 9,644
End of financial year 327,687 (10,999) 307,420 624,108 (132) 623,976
2012
Beginning of financial year 326,832 (16,631) 320,767 630,968 – 630,968
Transferred to share capital 28 591 (591) – – – –
Shares issued on exercise of
options 28 86 – – 86 – 86
expense 29(a) – 4,622 – 4,622 – 4,622
Share plan loan repayment 29(a) – 891 – 891 – 891
Dividends paid 31 – – (89,029) (89,029) – (89,029)
Total comprehensive (loss)/
income for the financial year – (24) 108,467 108,443 – 108,443
End of financial year 327,509 (11,733) 340,205 655,981 – 655,981

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

Group
Note 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Cash flows from operating activities

Receipts from customers 797,893 935,734
Payments to suppliers and employees (644,357) (702,753)
153,536 232,981
Interest received 706 1,053

Income taxes paid (54,597) (60,526)
Net cash provided by operating activities 38 99,645 173,508
Cash flows from investing activities

Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired – (2,178)
Payments for property, plant and equipment (99,718) (123,212)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant an equipment 32 1
Payments for exploration and evaluation (7,403) (2,769)
Proceeds from derivative financial instruments 5,706 25,934
Net cash used in investing activities (101,383) (102,224)
Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from issuance of shares 181 977
Proceeds from borrowings 165,000 60,000
Repayment of borrowings (177,500) (65,000)
Interest paid (12,362) (11,780)
Dividends paid to equity holders of the Company 31 (42,298) (89,029)
Net cash used in financing activities (66,979) (104,832)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (68,717) (33,548)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the financial year 121,721 155,188
Effect of exchange rate movements on cash and cash equivalents (116) 81
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the financial year 12 52,888 121,721

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. General information
On 15 February 2013, Sakari Resources Limited (the “Company”) delisted from the Main Board of
the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited. The Company is incorporated and domiciled
in Singapore. The address of its registered office is 391B Orchard Road, Ngee Ann City, Tower B
#17-01, Singapore 238874. Sakari Resources Limited and its subsidiaries together are referred to in
these financial statements as the Group.
The principal activity of the Company is that of investment holding. The Group is principally engaged
in the exploration for and mining and marketing of coal.
The Company’s immediate parent company is PTT Mining Ltd, a company incorporated in Hong
Kong.
The Company’s ultimate parent company is PTT Public Company Limited, a company incorporated
in Thailand. The address of PTT Public Company Limited is 555 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Chatuchak,
Thailand.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
(a) Basis of preparation
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Singapore Financial
Reporting Standards (“FRS”) under the historical cost convention, except as disclosed in the
accounting policies below.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with FRS requires management to

exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. It also
requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions. The areas involving
a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are
significant to the financial statements, are disclosed in Note 3.
Interpretations and amendments to published standards effective in 2013
On 1 January 2013, the Group adopted the new or amended FRS and Interpretations to
FRS (“INT FRS”) that are mandatory for application for the financial year. Changes to the
Group’s accounting policies have been made as required, in accordance with the transitional
provisions in the respective FRS and INT FRS.
The adoption of these new or amended FRS and INT FRS did not result in substantial changes
to the accounting policies of the Group and the Company and had no material effect on the
amounts reported for the current or prior financial years except for the following:
Amendment to FRS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income
The Group has adopted the amendment to FRS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive
Income on 1 January 2013. The amendment requires items presented in other comprehensive
income to be separated into two groups, based on whether or not they may be recycled to
profit or loss in the future.
The adoption of the amendment affects presentation only and does not have impact on the
results and financial position of the Group.
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(a) Basis of preparation (continued)
FRS 19 (revised 2011) Employee Benefits
The revised standard calculates interest expense/income by applying the discount rate to
the net defined benefit liability/asset. This replaces the interest cost on the defined benefit
obligation and the expected return on plan assets.
‘Actuarial gains and losses’ are also renamed ‘remeasurements’ and will be recognised
immediately in ‘other comprehensive income’ (OCI). Actuarial gains and losses will no longer
be recognised in profit or loss.
The adoption of FRS 19 (revised 2011) does not have a material impact on the results and
financial position of the Group.
FRS 113 Fair Value Measurement
FRS 113 aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition
of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for
use across FRSs. The requirements do not extend the use of fair value accounting but provide
guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other
standards within FRSs.
The adoption of FRS 113 does not have any material impact on the fair value measurement
carried out by the Group. The Group has incorporated the additional disclosures required by
FRS 113 in Note 34(e).
INT FRS 120 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine
On 1 January 2013, the Group adopted INT FRS 120 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase
of a Surface Mine. INT FRS 120 addresses accounting for stripping costs that are incurred in
a surface mining activity during the production phase (“production stripping costs”). Under
the interpretation, production stripping costs that provide access to ore to be mined in the
future are capitalised as non-current assets if the component of the ore body for which access
has been improved can be identified and future benefits arising from the improved access are
both probable and reliably measureable. The interpretation also addresses how capitalised
production stripping costs should be depreciated and how capitalised amounts should
be allocated between inventory and the stripping asset. INT FRS 120 requires prospective
application to production stripping costs incurred on or after the beginning of earliest period
presented.
The adoption of INT FRS 120 does not have any material impact on the results and financial
position of the Group.
(b) Principles of consolidation
(i) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities (including special purpose entities) over which the Group has
the power to govern the financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits from
its activities, generally accompanied by a shareholding giving rise to a majority of
the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently
exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls
another entity. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is
transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date on which control
ceases.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, transactions, balances and

unrealised gains on transactions between group entities are eliminated. Unrealised
losses are also eliminated but are considered an impairment indicator of the asset
transferred. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary
to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
Non-controlling interests are that part of the net results of operations and of net assets
of a subsidiary attributable to the interests which are not owned directly or indirectly
by the equity holders of the Company. They are shown separately in the consolidated
statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and balance
sheet. Total comprehensive income is attributed to the non-controlling interests based
on their respective interests in a subsidiary, even if this results in the non-controlling
interests having a deficit balance.
Acquisitions
The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for business combinations

by the Group.
The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary or business comprises

the fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests
issued by the Group. The consideration transferred also includes the fair value of any
contingent consideration arrangement.
If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value
of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to fair
value at the acquisition date; any gains or losses arising from such re-measurement
are recongnised in profit or loss.
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a

business combination are, with limited exceptions, measured initially at their fair
values at the acquisition date.
On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, the Group recognises any non-controlling

interest in the acquiree at the date of acquisition either at fair value or at the non-
controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets.
(b) Principles of consolidation (continued)
(i) Subsidiaries (continued)
The excess of (a) the consideration transferred, the amount of any noncontrolling
interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previously-held
equity interest in the acquiree over the (b) fair values of the identifiable assets
acquired net of the fair values of the liabilities and any contingent liabilities assumed,
is recorded as goodwill. Please refer to the paragraph “Intangible assets” for the
accounting policy on goodwill subsequent to initial recognition.
Disposals

When a change in the Group’s ownership interest in a subsidiary results in a loss of
control over the subsidiary, the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary including any
goodwill are derecognised. Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive
income in respect of that entity are also reclassified to profit or loss or transferred
directly to retained profits if required by a specific Standard.
Any retained equity interest in the entity is remeasured at fair value. The difference
between the carrying amount of the retained interest at the date when control is lost
and its fair value is recognised in profit or loss.
Please refer to the paragraph “Investment in subsidiaries” for the accounting policy
on investments in subsidiaries in the separate financial statements of the Company.
(ii) Transactions with non-controlling interests
Changes in the Group’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss
of control over the subsidiary are accounted for as transactions with equity owners
of the Company. Any difference between the change in the carrying amounts of the
non-controlling interest and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is
recognised within equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company.

(c) Foreign currency translation
(i) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each entity in the Group are measured
using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates
(“functional currency”). The financial statements are presented in United States
Dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company.
(ii) Transactions and balances
Transactions in a currency other than the functional currency (“foreign currency”) are
translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the
transactions. Currency translation differences resulting from the settlement of such
transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated
in foreign currencies at the closing rates at the balance date are recognised in profit
or loss.
Foreign exchange gains and losses impacting profit or loss are presented in the
income statement within other gains/(losses) – net.
(c) Foreign currency translation (continued)
(ii) Transactions and balances (continued)
Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated
using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation
differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair
value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets and
liabilities such as equities held at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in
profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-
monetary assets such as equities classified as available-for-sale financial assets are
recognised in other comprehensive income.
(iii) Translation of Group entities’ financial statements
The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the
currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different
from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as
follows:
(i) Assets and liabilities are translated at the closing exchange rates at the
reporting date;
(ii) Income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates (unless the
average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the
rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses
are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions); and
(iii) All resulting currency translation differences are recognised in other

comprehensive income and accumulated in the currency translation reserve.
These currency translation differences are reclassified to profit or loss on
disposal or partial disposal of the entity giving rise to such reserve.
Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of foreign operations
are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operations and translated at the
closing rates at the reporting date.
(d) Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts
disclosed as revenue are net of value added tax, rebates, discounts and penalties.
The Group recognises revenue when the amount of revenue and related cost can be reliably
measured, it is probable that the collectability of the related receivables is reasonably assured
and when the specific criteria for each of the Group’s activities are met as follows:
(i) Sale of goods – Coal
Revenue from these sales are recognised when a Group entity has delivered the
products to locations specified by its customers and the customers have accepted the
products in accordance with the sales contract and the collectability of the related
receivable is reasonably assured.
(d) Revenue recognition (continued)
(ii) Provisional pricing
Revenue from the sale of coal where the coal is provisionally priced pending a
renegotiation of the sales contract is initially recognised at the invoiced provisional
price. Subsequently, a best estimate based on the final benchmark price adjustment
using an appropriate benchmark calculation is made. The difference between the
carrying amount of the revenue recognised for the sale and the estimated price
adjustment is recognised in revenue. This adjustment will continue until the contract
price is negotiated.
(iii) Rendering of services
Revenue from management services is recognised over the period in which the
services are rendered, by reference to completion of the specific transaction assessed
on the basis of the actual service provided as a proportion of the total services to be
performed.
(iv) Interest income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method.
(v) Dividend income
Dividends are recognised as revenue when the right to receive payment is established.
(e) Income taxes
Current income tax for current and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be
paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been
enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred income tax is recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases
of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements except when
the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability
in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable
profit or loss at the time of the transaction.
A deferred income tax liability is recognised on temporary differences arising on investments

in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the
temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the
foreseeable future.
A deferred income tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable
profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can
be utilised.
(e) Income taxes (continued)
Deferred income tax is measured:
(i) at the tax rates that are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset
is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax
laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date; and
(ii) based on the tax consequence that will follow from the manner in which the Group
expects, at the balance sheet date, to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its
assets and liabilities.
Current and deferred income taxes are recognised as income or expenses in the income
statement, except to the extent that the tax arises from a business combination or a transaction
which is recognised directly in equity. Deferred tax arising from a business combination is
adjusted against goodwill on acquisition.
(f) Leases
The Group leases office space, residential properties and office equipment under operating
leases from non-related parties. Leases of office space, residential properties and office
equipment where substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership are retained
by the lessors are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net
of any incentives received from the lessors) are recognised in profit or loss on a straight line
basis over the period of the lease.
(g) Investments in subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses in the
Company’s balance sheet. On disposal of such investments, the difference between disposal
proceeds and the carrying amounts of the investments are recognised in profit or loss.
(h) Impairment of assets
Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to
amortisation and are tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes
in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be
recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying
amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair
value less cost to sell and the value-in-use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are
grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are
largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating
units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment losses are reviewed
for possible reversal of the impairment loss at the end of each reporting period.
An impairment loss recognised in prior periods for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if,
and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable
amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The carrying amount of this asset is
increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the
carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation
or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. An
impairment loss recognised for goodwill is recognised as an expense and is not reversed in a
subsequent period.
(i) Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of presentation in the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash
equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions which are
subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are
presented as current borrowings on the balance sheet.
Cash and cash equivalents which are restricted as to usage are excluded from the amounts
reported in the statement of cash flows.
(j) Trade receivables
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised
cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. Trade receivables
are generally due for settlement within 14 days. They are presented as current assets unless
collection is not expected for more than 12 months after the reporting date.
Collectability of trade receivables is reviewed on an ongoing basis. Debts which are known
to be uncollectible are written off by reducing the carrying amount directly. An allowance
account (provision for impairment of trade receivables) is used when there is objective
evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original
terms of the receivables. Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the
debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and default or delinquency in
payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable is impaired. The amount of the
impairment allowance is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present
value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate. Cash
flows relating to short-term receivables are not discounted if the effect of discounting is
immaterial.

The amount of the impairment loss is recognised in cost of sales. When a trade receivable for
which an impairment allowance had been recognised becomes uncollectible in a subsequent
period, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts
previously written off are credited against other gains/(losses) - net in profit or loss.
(k) Inventories
Run of mine coal and finished product coal is valued at the lower of cost and net realisable
value. The cost of coal inventories is determined using the weighted average cost method.
Costs includes direct material, overburden removal, mining, processing, labour incurred in
the extraction process and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead costs
directly related to mining activities. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the
ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and applicable variable
selling expenses.
Inventories are classified as follows:
(i) Run of mine: This is material extracted through the mining process.

(ii) Finished product coal: These are products that have passed through all stages of the
production process.

(iii) Consumables: These are goods or supplies to be either directly or indirectly consumed
in the production process.
(l) Financial assets
Classification
The Group classifies its financial assets in the following categories: financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss (including derivative financial instruments), loans and receivables and
available for sale financial assets. The classification depends on the nature of the asset and
the purpose for which the assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of
its financial assets at initial recognition.
(i) Financial assets at fair value though profit or loss
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets held for trading.
A financial asset is classified in this category if acquired principally for the purpose of
selling in the short term. Derivatives are classified as held for trading unless they are
designated as hedges. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if they are
expected to be settled within 12 months; otherwise they are classified as non-current.
(ii) Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable
payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets,
except for those with maturities greater than 12 months after the reporting period
which are classified as non-current assets. Loans and receivables are included in
trade and other receivables (note 13) and other receivables (note 16) in the balance
sheet.
(iii) Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets, comprising principally marketable equity securities,

are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in any
of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless the investment
matures or management intends to dispose of the investment within 12 months of the
end of the reporting period.
Recognition and de-recognition
Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date-the date
on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Financial assets are derecognised
when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been
transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership.
On disposal of a financial asset, the difference between the carrying amount and the sale
proceeds is recognised in profit or loss. Any amount in other comprehensive income relating
to that asset is reclassified to profit or loss.
Initial measurement
At initial recognition, the Group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case
of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly
attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets
carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.
(l) Financial assets (continued)
Subsequent measurement
Loans and receivables are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest
method.
Available-for-sale financial assets and financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are
subsequently carried at fair value. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of
the financial assets at fair value through profit or loss category are presented in profit or loss
within other gains/(losses) – net in the period in which they arise. Dividend income from
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in profit or loss as part of other
income when the Group’s right to receive payments is established. Interest income from these
financial assets is included in other income.
Changes in the fair values of available-for-sale equity securities (i.e. non-monetary items)
are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the fair value reserve,
together with the related currency translation differences.
Impairment
The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence
that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group
of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective
evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial
recognition of the asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on
the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can
be reliably estimated. In the case of equity investments classified as available-for-sale, a
significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered
an indicator that the assets are impaired.
(i) Assets carried at amortised cost
For loans and receivables, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference
between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash
flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the
financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset
is reduced and the amount of the loss is recognised in the consolidated income
statement. If a loan or held-to-maturity investment has a variable interest rate, the
discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate
determined under the contract. As a practical expedient, the Group may measure
impairment on the basis of an instrument’s fair value using an observable market
price.
If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the
decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was
recognised (such as an improvement in the debtor’s credit rating), the reversal of
the previously recognised impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated income
statement.
(l) Financial assets (continued)
Impairment (continued)
(ii) Assets classified as available-for-sale
If there is objective evidence of impairment for available-for-sale financial assets,

the cumulative loss – measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and
the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously
recognised in profit or loss – is removed from equity and recognised in profit or loss.
Impairment losses on equity instruments that were recognised in profit or loss are not
reversed through profit or loss in a subsequent period.
(m) Derivatives and hedging activities
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date the derivative contracts are entered
into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period.
The accounting for subsequent changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative is
designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Group
designates certain derivatives as either:
– hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or a firm commitment (fair
value hedges)
– hedges of a particular risk associated with the cash flows of recognised assets and
liabilities and highly probable forecast transactions (cash flow hedges), or
– hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation (net investment hedges).
Fair value changes on derivatives that are not designated or do not qualify for hedge accounting
are recognised in profit or loss when the changes in fair value arise.
The carrying amount of a derivative designated as a hedge is presented as a non-current asset

or liability if the remaining expected life of the hedged item is more than 12 months and as
a current asset or liability if the remaining expected life of the hedged item is less than 12
months. The fair value of the trading derivative is presented as a current asset or liability.
(n) Property, plant and equipment
(i) Measurement
All items of property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost and
subsequently carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated
impairment losses.
(ii) Components of cost
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment initially recognised includes
its purchase price (including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes) any
cost that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition
necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management
and the estimated future costs of dismantling and removing the asset. Cost also
includes borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of a qualifying asset.
2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(n) Property, plant and equipment (continued)
(iii) Mining properties

Mining properties are classified as an asset under property, plant and equipment.
Once a mining project has been established as commercially viable, expenditure
other than that on buildings, plant and equipment or land rights is capitalised
under mining properties together with any amount transferred from exploration and
evaluation.
Mining properties comprise:
l Capitalised exploration and evaluation assets for properties now in

production
l Development expenditure (including pre-production stripping)
l Acquisition costs and mineral rights acquired
l Production stripping (as described below in “overburden removal costs”)
Development expenditure
Development activities commence after project sanctioning by the appropriate level

of management. Judgement is applied by management in determining when a project
is economically viable. Development expenditure is capitalised and classified as
mining properties. Costs associated with commissioning new assets, in the period
before they are capable of operating in the manner intended by management are
capitalised. Development costs incurred after the commencement of production are
capitalised to the extent they are expected to give rise to a future economic benefit.
Interest on borrowings related to construction or development projects is capitalised
until the point when substantially all the activities that are necessary to make the
asset ready for its intended use are complete.
Overburden removal costs
Overburden and other mine waste materials are often removed during the initial
development of a mine site in order to access the mineral deposit. This activity is
referred to as development stripping. The directly attributable costs are capitalised
under mining properties. Capitalisation of development stripping costs ceases at the
time that saleable material begins to be extracted from the mine.
Production phase stripping commences once saleable material is extracted from the
mine.
Stripping costs incurred during the production phase are capitalised only if the
following criteria are met:
(a) it is probable that the future economic benefit (improved access to the ore
body) associated with the stripping activity will flow to the entity;
(b) the component of the ore body for which access has been improved can be
accurately identified; and
(c) the costs relating to the stripping activity associated with that component can
be measured reliably.
(iii) Mining properties (continued)
Overburden removal costs (continued)
If the criteria are not met, the production stripping costs are charged to income
statement as operating costs as incurred.
The amount of stripping costs capitalised is based on the stripping ratio (“Ratio”)
obtained by dividing the tonnage of waste mined by the quantity of ore mined.
Stripping costs incurred in the period are capitalised, as a component of mining
properties, to the extent that the current period Ratio exceeds the expected average
Ratio of the identified component.
The capitalised costs are depreciated on a unit of production basis over the identified
component.
The identified component is determined based on estimated proved and probable

reserves of the identified component, and is also a function of the pit design and
therefore changes to that design will generally result in changes to the depreciation
base. Changes in other technical or economic parameters that have an impact on
reserves will also have an impact on the life of the identified component even if
they do not affect the pit design. Changes to depreciation rates are accounted for
prospectively.
Where proved and probable reserves have not been finalised, the best estimate of the
coal inventory obtained through drilling programs and technical understanding of the
ore body is used to develop a production model with which a mine waste to ore ratio
is determined. When the categorisation and classification of reserves is finalised the
ratio is updated and accounted for prospectively.
(iv) Depreciation of plant, property and equipment
The depreciable amount of items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated
over their useful lives, or over the remaining life of the mine if shorter. Depreciation
commences when an asset is available for use. The major categories of property, plant
and equipment are depreciated either on a units-of-production and/or straight-line
basis as follows:
Units of production basis
For mining properties and land rights and certain mining equipment, the economic
benefits from the asset are consumed in a pattern which is linked to the production
level. Except as noted below, such assets are depreciated on a units-of-production
basis.
(iv) Depreciation of plant, property and equipment (continued)
Straight line basis
Assets which have a physical life shorter than the related mine or whose usage is
not directly related to production levels, are depreciated on a straight line basis as
follows:
l Buildings 3 – 10 years
l Plant and equipment 3 – 15 years
l Capital work in progress Not depreciated

Residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each
balance sheet date. Changes to the estimated residual values or useful lives are
accounted for prospectively. In applying the units of production method, depreciation/
amortisation is normally calculated using the quantity of material extracted from the
mine in the period as a percentage of the total quantity of material to be extracted
in current and future periods based on proved and probable reserves. Non-reserve
material may be included in depreciation/amortisation calculations where there is a
high degree of confidence in its economic extraction. Reserves/resources and life of
mine estimates are reviewed on an annual basis and depreciation calculations are
adjusted accordingly where necessary.
(v) Subsequent expenditure
Subsequent expenditure relating to property, plant and equipment that has already
been recognised is added to the carrying amount of the asset only when it is probable
that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the
cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance expenses
are recognised in the income statement when incurred.
(vi) Disposal
On disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment, the difference between the
disposal proceeds and its carrying amount is recognised in profit or loss.
(o) Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Exploration and evaluation activity involves the search for mineral resources, the
determination of technical feasibility and the assessment of the commercial viability of an
identified resource. Costs incurred before the Group has obtained the legal rights to explore
an area are recognised in the income statement. Exploration and evaluation expenditure are
capitalised in respect of each area of interest for which the rights to tenure are current and
where:
(i) The exploration and evaluation expenditures are expected to be recouped through
successful development and exploitation of the area of interest; or alternatively, by its
sale; or
(ii) Exploration and evaluation activities in the area of interest have not reached a stage
which permits a reasonable assessment of the existence or otherwise of economically
recoverable reserves, and active and significant operations in, or in relation to, the
areas of interest are continuing.
(o) Exploration and evaluation expenditure (continued)
Exploration and evaluation expenditure comprises costs that are directly attributable to:
researching and analysing existing exploration data, gathering exploration data through
topographical, geochemical and geophysical studies, exploratory drilling, trenching and
sampling, determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource, examining
and testing extraction and treatment methods, surveying transportation and infrastructure
requirements, compiling pre-feasibility and feasibility studies and/or gaining access to areas
of interest including occupancy and relocation compensation.
General and administration costs are allocated to, and included in, the cost of an exploration
and evaluation asset only to the extent that those costs can be related directly to operational
activities in the area of interest to which the exploration and evaluation asset relates. In all
other cases, these costs are expensed as incurred.
Exploration and evaluation assets are transferred to mining properties, a component of

property, plant and equipment, when the technical feasibility and commercial viability of
extracting the mineral resource are demonstrable and sanctioned by the Board.
Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances
suggest that the carrying amount of an exploration and evaluation asset may exceed its
recoverable amount. Where a potential impairment is indicated, assessment is performed for
each area of interest in conjunction with the group of operating assets (representing a cash
generating unit) to which the exploration and evaluation asset is attributable. To the extent
that capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure is not expected to be recovered it is
charged to the income statement.
Cash flows associated with exploration and evaluation expenditure are classified as investing
activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.
(p) Intangible assets
Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses on or after 1 January 2010 represents

the excess of (i) the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in
the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree
over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.
Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries and businesses prior to 1 January 2010 represents the
excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net
assets and contingent liabilities of the acquired subsidiaries at the date of acquisition.
Goodwill on subsidiaries is recognised separately as an intangible asset and carried at cost

less accumulated impairment losses.
Gains and losses on the disposal of subsidiaries include the carrying amount of goodwill
relating to the entity sold, except for goodwill arising from acquisitions prior to 1 January
2001. Such goodwill was adjusted against retained profits in the year of acquisition and is not
recognised in profit or loss on disposal.
(q) Trade and other payables
Trade payables are initially recognised at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortised
cost using the effective interest method. These amounts represent liabilities for goods and
services provided to the Group prior to the end of the financial year, which are unpaid.
(r) Borrowings
Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value (net of transaction costs) and subsequently
carried at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and
the redemption value is recognised in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using
the effective interest method.
Borrowings are presented as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right
to defer settlement for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date in which case they are
presented as non-current liabilities.
(s) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method except
for those costs that are directly attributable to borrowings acquired specifically for the
construction or development of property, plant and equipment. This includes those costs on
borrowings acquired specifically for the construction or development of property, plant and
equipment, as well as those in relation to general borrowings used to finance construction or
development of property, plant and equipment.
(t) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as
a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle
the obligation and the amount has been reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for
future operating losses.
Provision for rehabilitation and dismantling
The Group has obligations to dismantle, remove, restore and rehabilitate certain items of
property, plant and equipment and mining pits. The Group recognises the estimated costs of
dismantlement, removal or restoration of items of property, plant and equipment arising from
the acquisition or use of assets. The provisions are estimated based on the best estimate of
the expenditure required to settle or transfer the obligation, taking into consideration the time
value of money.
The estimated costs are measured at the present value of the expenditure expected to be
required to settle the obligation using the pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market
assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in
the provision due to the passage of time is recognised in the income statement under finance
expenses. Changes in the estimated timing or amount of the expenditure or discount rate are
recognised in profit or loss when the changes arise.
(u) Employee compensation
Employee benefits are recognised as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalised as
an asset.
(i) Wages and salaries
Liabilities for wages and salaries expected to be settled within 12 months of the
reporting date are recognised under Trade and other payables in respect of employees’
services up to the reporting date and are measured at the amounts expected to be
paid when the liabilities are settled.
(ii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
The liability for long service leave and annual leave which is not expected to be
settled within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render
the related service is recognised in the provision for employee benefits and measured
as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services
provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected
unit credit method. Consideration is given to expected future wage and salary levels,
experience of employee departures and periods of service. Expected future payments
are discounted using market yields at the end of the reporting period on national
government bonds with terms to maturity and currency that match, as closely as
possible, the estimated future cash outflows.
(iii) Termination benefits
Termination benefits are those benefits which are payable when employment is
terminated before the normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts
voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Group recognises
termination benefits when it is demonstrably committed to either: terminating the
employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan without
possibility of withdrawal; or providing termination benefits as a result of an offer
made to encourage voluntary redundancy. Benefits falling due more than 12 months
after balance sheet date are discounted to present value.
(iv) Defined contribution plans
Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which the
Group pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as the Central Provident
Fund of Singapore on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no
further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid.
(v) Defined benefit plans
Defined benefit plans are post-employment benefit pension plans other than
defined contribution plans, which the Group pays to an employee on termination
of employment, whether the termination is voluntary or not. These benefits are
mandatory under certain jurisdictions the Group operates within.
(u) Employee compensation (continued)
(v) Defined benefit plans (continued)
The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of a defined benefit pension
plan is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date less
the fair value of plan assets, together with adjustments for unrecognised past-service
costs. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries
using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit
obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using
market yields of high quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in
which the benefits will be paid, and have tenures approximating to that of the related
post-employment benefit obligations.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in actuarial assumptions are charged
or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the period when they arise.
Past service costs are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
(vi) Share-based compensation
The Group operates equity settled share-based compensation plans. Share-based

payment benefits are provided to employees via the Executive Share Acquisition Plan
(“ExSAP”) and Employee Share Option Plan (“ESOP”).
The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of options
under the ESOP is recognised as an expense with a corresponding increase in
the share-based payment reserve over the vesting period. The total amount to be
recognised over the vesting period is determined by reference to the fair value of
the options granted on the date of the grant. Nonmarket vesting conditions are
included in the estimation of the number of shares under options that are expected
to become exercisable on the vesting date. At each balance sheet date, the Group
revises its estimates of the number of shares under option that are expected to
become exercisable on the vesting date and recognises the impact of the revision of
the estimates in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to the share-based
payment reserve over the remaining vesting period.
Upon the exercise of options, the proceeds received (net of transaction costs) and the
balance previously recognised in the share-based payment reserve relating to those
options are transferred to the share capital account.

Share-based compensation benefits are also provided to employees via the ExSAP
by allowing participants to purchase shares in the Company at a price approved
by the Board by way of a Company provided interest free loan. The subscription
price of an award under ExSAP is the last traded share price of the Company on
the Singapore Exchange before the date of grant of the award, rounded to nearest
whole cent. A holding lock is placed over the shares in the Company until the loan
is repaid in full. The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the
grant of shares under the ExSAP is recognised as an expense with a corresponding
increase in the share-based payment reserve. When the loan under the ExSAP is
fully repaid, the proceeds received (net of transaction costs) and the related balance
previously recognised in the share-based payment reserve are credited to the share
capital account when the ordinary shares are paid up.
(u) Employee compensation (continued)
(vii) Profit-sharing and bonus plans
The Group recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses and profit-sharing based
on a formula that takes into consideration the profit attributable to the company’s
shareholders after certain adjustments. The Group recognises a provision where
contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive
obligation.
(v) Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance
of new ordinary shares are deducted against the share capital account.
(w) Dividends
Dividends to the Company’s shareholders are recognised when the dividends are approved
for payment.
(x) Earnings per share
(i) Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit after income tax
attributable to equity holders of the Company, excluding any costs of servicing equity
other than ordinary shares, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares
outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in ordinary shares
issued during the financial year.
(ii) Diluted earnings per share
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, profit attributable to
equity holders of the Company and the weighted average number of ordinary shares
outstanding are adjusted for the effects of dilutive potential ordinary shares.
(y) Rounding of amounts
The Board has determined that the financial reports of the Group are more clearly presented
when rounded to the nearest thousand dollars. Amounts reported in the financial statements
have been rounded on this basis.
3 Critical accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements
Estimates, assumptions and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical
experience and other factors, including expectation of future events that are believed to be reasonable
under the circumstances.
(i) Estimation for the provision for rehabilitation and dismantling
Provisions for rehabilitation and dismantling of property, plant and equipment and mining
pits are estimated taking into consideration facts and circumstances of the Group’s mining
properties available at the balance sheet date. These estimates are based on the expenditure
required to transfer or settle the obligation for rehabilitation and dismantling, taking into
consideration the time value of money. Cost estimates can vary in response to many factors
including changes to the relevant legal or local/national government ownership requirements,
the Group’s environmental policies, the emergence of new restoration techniques, the timing
of the expenditures and the effects of inflation. Experience gained at other mine or production
sites is also a significant consideration. Cost estimates are updated throughout the life of the
operation.
The expected timing of expenditure included in cost estimates can also change, for example
in response to changes in ore reserves, production rates, operating license or economic
conditions. Cash flows are discounted if this has a material effect. The selection of appropriate
sources on which to base calculation of the risk free discount rate used for this purpose also
requires judgement.
Changes in these estimates and assumptions may impact the carrying value of the provision
for rehabilitation and dismantling of property, plant and equipment and mining pits. The
provision recognised is reviewed at each reporting date and updated based on the facts and
circumstances available at that time.
(ii) Estimated impairment of nonfinancial assets
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that goodwill
may be impaired. Property, plant and equipment, exploration and evaluation and investment
in subsidiaries, are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or
indication that these assets may be impaired. The recoverable amounts of assets and where
applicable, cash generating units, are determined based on value in use calculations which
require the use of estimates.
The determination of fair value and value in use requires management to make estimates and
assumptions about expected production and sales volumes, commodity prices (considering
current and historical prices, price trends and related factors), reserves, operating costs, closure
and rehabilitation costs and future capital expenditure. These estimates and assumptions are
subject to risk and uncertainty; hence there is a possibility that changes in circumstances
will alter these projections, which may impact the recoverable amount of the assets. In such
circumstances, some or all of the carrying value of the assets may be further impaired or the
impairment charge reduced with the impact recorded in profit or loss. Management expects
that any reasonable change in the key assumptions on which the recoverable amount is based
would not cause the carrying amount of goodwill to exceed its recoverable amount.
3 Critical accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements (continued)
(iii) Uncertain tax positions
The Group is subject to income taxes in Singapore and Indonesia. The Group operates
in jurisdictions where legislative applications can give rise to uncertain tax positions.
Management believe that the current tax positions taken by the Group are appropriate
and supportable by expert advice where relevant. In determining the income tax liabilities,
management is required to estimate the amount of capital allowances and the deductibility
of certain expenses (“uncertain tax positions”) at each jurisdiction. Where the final tax
outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recognised, such
differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the year in which such
determination is made.
(iv) Determination of coal reserves
Judgement is required in determining the Group’s coal reserves taking into account various
assumptions regarding mining costs and the sale price of the particular resource concerned.
The Group’s economically recoverable coal reserves are sensitive to the cost and revenue
assumptions used due to the geological structure of the deposits, which means that, all
other factors remaining the same, if the cost assumption is higher or the price assumption is
lower, the Group estimates lower reserves, and if the cost assumption is lower or the price
assumption is higher, the Group estimates more reserves. The Group bases all assumptions
on geological reports and uses only measured reserves.
Additional geological data is gathered during the course of mining operations and this, in
conjunction with the various assumptions used, could result in a change in estimated coal
reserves from period to period. Changes in estimated coal reserves could affect the Group’s
financial results in a numbers of ways, including the rate of depreciation and amortisation
of plant, property and equipment as well as the carrying value of certain mine assets due to
change in estimates of mine life and future discounted cash flows.

(v) Overburden removal costs
Certain mining costs, principally those that relate to the stripping of waste and which relate
to future economically recoverable coal to be mined, are capitalised and included in mining
properties, which is classified in the balance sheet under property, plant and equipment.
These costs are deferred and subsequently taken to the cost of production through the
amortisation of mining properties. The waste to ore ratio and the remaining life of the mine
are regularly assessed by the Board and senior management to ensure the carrying value and
rate of deferral is appropriate taking into consideration the available facts and circumstances
from time to time.
(vi) Capitalisation and impairment of exploration and evaluation assets
Exploration and evaluation expenditures are capitalised on the balance sheet, in respect of
areas of interest for which the rights of tenure are current and where such costs are expected
to be recouped or exploration and/or evaluation activities in the area have not yet reached a
stage which permits a reasonable assessment of the existence of economically recoverable
reserves. The carrying value of assets within each area of interest are reviewed regularly
taking into consideration the available facts and circumstances, and to the extent to which
the capitalised value exceeds its recoverable value, the excess is provided for or written off in
the year in which this is determined.
4 Revenue
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Coal sales 811,179 924,047

Logistics service revenue 1,648 2,383
Management fees – 447
Other revenue 115 391
812,942 927,268
5 Other income
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Interest income 706 1,043
6 Other (losses)/gains – net
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Fair value gains on financial assets at fair value through

profit or loss 6,349 14,026
Foreign exchange losses – net (12,453) (2,145)
Impairment of available-for-sale financial assets (1,182) (6,511)
(Loss)/gain on sale of property, plant and equipment (12) 1
Write off of property, plant and equipment (628) (224)
Write off of exploration and evaluation (99) –
Others (263) –
(8,288) 5,147
7 Expenses by nature
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Depreciation and amortisation (note 18) 155,984 88,714

Mining 346,513 386,678
Processing 25,973 35,084
Movement in inventories 1,130 2,775
Barging and shipping 63,283 73,046
Agency fees and royalties 68,203 63,878
Direct site support 10,690 8,046
Value added tax 41,784 59,344
Employee compensation (note 8) 36,166 38,301
Corporate, consulting and technical services fees 3,830 8,991
Operating leases rentals 839 1,411
Allowance for impairment of other receivables 2,497 –
Write off of bad debt 13 –
Other expenses 16,589 24,666
Total cost of sales and corporate and technical support
expenses 773,494 790,934
8 Employee compensation
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Wages and salaries 24,746 28,485

Share-based compensation expense (note 29) 468 4,622
Termination benefits 7,177 –
Employer’s contributions to defined contribution plans 1,046 1,185
Other staff benefits 2,729 4,009
36,166 38,301
9 Finance expenses
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Interest expense 11,504 12,725

Bank charges 370 628
Finance charges – 180
11,874 13,533
10 Income taxes
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Income tax expense

Tax expense attributable to profit is made up of:
Current income tax 21,359 26,369
Deferred income tax benefit (16,177) (16,893)
Withholding tax paid 2,668 5,564
7,850 15,040
Under provision in prior financial year:

Current income tax 3,404 5,181
Deferred income tax (643) 303
Total income tax expense 10,611 20,524
Deferred income tax included in income tax expense comprises:

Increase in deferred tax assets (note 21) (3,798) (685)
Decrease in deferred tax liabilities (note 27) (13,022) (15,905)
(16,820) (16,590)
10 Income taxes (continued)
The tax expense on profit differs from the amount that would arise using the Singapore standard rate
of income tax as explained below:
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Profit before income tax 19,992 128,991
Tax calculated at tax rate of 17% (2012: 17%) 3,399 21,928
Effects of:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 5,339 9,154
Income subject to tax incentive (685) (1,326)
Different tax rates in other countries 3,129 11,085
Movement in deferred withholding tax on foreign retained profits (3,332) 5,535
Release of previously recognised deferred tax liability
relating to mining properties (a) – (31,336)
Under provision in prior years 2,761 5,484
Income tax expense 10,611 20,524
(a) The depreciation charge of certain mining properties relating to a coal off-take agreement
became tax deductible in 2012 as a result of amendments made to the agreement. Accordingly,
the previously recognised deferred tax liability of US$31.3 million arising from these mining
properties was released to the income statement for the year ended 31 December 2012.
11 Earnings per share
(a) Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to equity holders
of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the
financial year.
Group
2013 2012
Basic earnings per share
Net profit attributable to equity holders of the

Company (US$’000) 9,513 108,467
Weighted average number of ordinary shares
outstanding 1,136,782,145 1,136,782,145
Basic earnings per share (US$) 0.01 0.10

11 Earnings per share (continued)
(b) For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, profit attributable to equity holders
of the Company and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding are adjusted
for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The Company has one category of
dilutive potential ordinary shares: share options.
For share options, the weighted average number of shares on issue has been adjusted
as if all dilutive share options were exercised. The number of shares that could have
been issued upon the exercise of all dilutive share options less the number of shares
that could have been issued at fair value (determined as the Company’s average share
price for the financial year) for the same total proceeds is added to the denominator as
the number of shares issued for no consideration. No adjustment is made to net profit.
Group
2013 2012
Diluted earnings per share
Net profit attributable to equity holders of the

company (US$’000) 9,513 108,467
Weighted average number of ordinary shares

outstanding 1,136,782,145 1,136,782,145
Adjustment for share options granted* – –
1,136,782,145 1,136,782,145
Diluted earnings per share (US$) 0.01 0.10
* Share options granted are anti-dilutive and are not included in the calculation of diluted
earnings per share.
12 Cash and cash equivalents
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Cash at bank and on hand 52,888 85,620 16,699 9,585

Short term bank deposits – 36,101 – –
52,888 121,721 16,699 9,585
There is a floating pledge on the cash balance of several of the Group’s bank accounts (note 26).
13 Trade and other receivables
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Trade receivables
Non-related parties 88,406 49,780 – –
Less: Allowance for impairment (273) – – –
Trade receivable – net 88,133 49,780 – –
Other receivables
- Immediate holding corporation – 4 – –
- Subsidiaries – – 562,826 574,502
- Non-related parties 13,474 13,621 920 965
13,474 13,625 563,746 575,467
Less: Allowance for impairment (634) (1,455) (7,453) (4,543)
Other receivables – net 12,840 12,170 556,293 570,924
Accrued Income 1,592 19,809 – –

Prepayments 3,576 4,525 599 278
5,168 24,334 599 278
106,141 86,284 556,892 571,202
Other receivables include loans to subsidiaries from the Company which are unsecured, interest-
bearing at the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 4.50%‑6.00% (2012: LIBOR plus
4.50%‑5.83%) and are repayable at call.
Other receivables from the immediate holding corporation are unsecured, non-interest bearing and
repayable at call.
14 Inventories
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Run of mine stockpiles 20,532 10,277

Finished product coal 17,560 24,733
Consumables 3,662 4,138
41,754 39,148
15 Current tax receivables
Current tax receivables represent advance tax payments made by the Group which can be credited
against the Group’s future corporate income tax payable.
16 Other receivables
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Third party 1,590 1,950

Security deposits 5,688 5,201
Less: Allowance for impairment (1,590) –
5,688 7,151
These receivables include long term security bonds and deposits placed with various agencies, which
will be settled on completion of certain governmental or legal requirements; and a receivable due
from a third party in regard to the construction of property, plant and equipment. The receivable for
property, plant and equipment is unsecured, and payments are received via installments that earn
interest at 9% (2012: 9%) per annum.
17 Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets are analysed as follows:
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Beginning of financial year 2,045 8,580

Fair value gain/(loss) recognised in other comprehensive income
(note 29) 230 (24)
Impairment loss (1,182) (6,511)
End of financial year 1,093 2,045
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Listed securities
Equity securities – Australia 1,093 2,045
18 Property, plant and equipment
Capital
work in Mining Plant and Land
progress properties Buildings equipment rights Total
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
2013
Beginning of financial year 35,319 631,207 794 80,505 47,779 795,604
Additions 15,568 81,632 – 2,057 4,987 104,244
Transfers (to)/from other
classes (29,910) 24,645 344 1,891 3,512 482
Depreciation/amortisation
charge (note 7) – (140,384) (208) (12,677) (2,715) (155,984)
Disposal/write off (183) (311) – (178) – (672)
End of financial year 20,794 596,789 930 71,598 53,563 743,674
At 31 December 2013
Cost 20,794 940,892 3,980 139,883 70,473 1,176,022
Accumulated depreciation/
amortisation – (344,103) (3,050) (68,285) (16,910) (432,348)
Net book amount 20,794 596,789 930 71,598 53,563 743,674
2012
Beginning of financial year 19,472 626,963 981 86,592 35,866 769,874
Additions 34,977 83,325 – 4,133 2,586 125,021
Transfers (to)/from other
classes (19,065) 5,993 – 635 12,437 –
Depreciation/amortisation
charge (note 7) – (74,648) (187) (10,769) (3,110) (88,714)
Disposal/write off (65) (10,426) – (86) – (10,577)
End of financial year 35,319 631,207 794 80,505 47,779 795,604
At 31 December 2013
Cost 35,319 834,953 3,636 136,996 61,973 1,072,877
Accumulated depreciation/
amortisation – (203,746) (2,842) (56,491) (14,194) (277,273)
Net book amount 35,319 631,207 794 80,505 47,779 795,604
Included within additions for mining properties in the consolidated financial statements are deferred
stripping costs amounting to US$50 million (2012: US$71 million).
18 Property, plant and equipment (continued)
Plant and Capital work

equipment in progress Total
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Company
2013
Beginning of financial year 716 277 993
Additions 106 82 188
Depreciation charge (412) – (412)
Write off – (95) (95)
End of financial year 410 264 674
At 31 December 2013
Cost 2,841 264 3,079
Accumulated depreciation (2,431) – (2,405)
Net book amount 410 264 674
2012
Beginning of financial year 632 1,029 1,661
Additions 214 196 410
Transfer (to)/from other classes 259 (259) –
Depreciation charge (389) – (389)
Write off – (689) (689)
End of financial year 716 277 993
At 31 December 2012
Cost 2,809 277 3,086
Accumulated depreciation (2,093) – (2,093)
Net book amount 716 277 993
Mining properties are amortised on a units-of-production basis. The units-of-production calculation is

based on estimated coal reserves.
19 Exploration and evaluation
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000

Expenditure incurred 7,403 2,769
Transfers to other classes (482) –
Write off (99) –
20 Intangible assets
Goodwill
US$’000
Group
2013
Beginning and end of financial year 78,540
At 31 December 2013
Cost 98,103
Accumulated impairment losses (19,563)
Net book amount 78,540
2012
Beginning of financial year 76,367
Acquisition of subsidiary 2,173
End of financial year 78,540
At 31 December 2012
Cost 98,103
Accumulated impairment losses (19,563)
Net book amount 78,540

20 Intangible assets (continued)
As at 31 December 2013, goodwill is allocated to the Group’s cash-generating units (“CGUs”) as

follows:

2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Mining operations
Jembayan 48,074 48,074
Sebuku 30,466 30,466
Total 78,540 78,540
The recoverable amount of the CGUs were determined based on value-in-use assessments, using
discounted cash flows over the period of Life of Mine (“LOM”) of each mining operation, in line with
the policy in note 2(h). The value-in-use computations were determined by estimating cash flows until
the end of the life of each mine operation based on long-term production plans, including closure
restoration and environmental clean-up costs. Thermal coal benefits from a global marketplace with
substantial barriers to entry. In addition, continued global industrialisation is expected to support
demand for thermal coal in the long term. The key assumptions used in the value-in-use calculations
are the thermal coal price, strip ratio, the Indonesian Rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar,
operating costs, and discount rates. These assumptions have been estimated in line with the policy
in note 2(h). Key assumptions: Thermal coal prices are based on the Newcastle forward price curve
obtained from market observable prices. Strip Ratios and production profiles of both operations are
derived from developed LOM plans. Foreign exchange rate assumptions are sourced from forward
curves observed from Bloomberg. Operating costs are based on developed LOM plans and follow
current contractual terms and pricing with an inflationary element included thereafter over the
remaining LOM. A pre-tax discount rate of 10 per cent has been applied.
21 Deferred income tax assets
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
To be recovered after one year 14,535 10,737 3,283 2,071

Set-off of deferred tax assets
pursuant to set-off provisions
(note 27) (6,038) (2,663) (3,283) (2,071)
Net deferred income tax assets 8,497 8,074 – –
Deferred income tax assets are recognised for tax losses and capital allowances carried forward to the
extent that realisation of the related tax benefits through future taxable profits is probable.
21 Deferred income tax assets (continued)
Movement in deferred income tax assets account is as follows:
Depreciation
Tax and Interest
losses amortisation payable Provisions Total
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
2013
Beginning of financial year 3,230 1,361 1,910 4,236 10,737
Tax credited to the income
statement 808 1,303 554 796 3,461
(Over)/under provision in
respect of prior year (435) – – 772 337
End of financial year 3,603 2,664 2,464 5,804 14,535
2012
Beginning of financial year 1,401 1,672 – 6,974 10,047
Acquisition of subsidiary 5 – – – 5
Tax credited/(charged) to
the income statement 944 (1,218) 1,910 (1,495) 141
Under/(over) provision in
respect of prior year 880 907 – (1,243) 544
End of financial year 3,230 1,361 1,910 4,236 10,737
Company
2013
Beginning of financial year – (108) 1,910 269 2,071
Tax credited/(charged) to
the income statement – 38 554 (152) 440
Under provision in
respect of prior year – – – 772 772
End of financial year – (70) 2,464 889 3,283
2012
Beginning of financial year – (54) – 1,485 1,431
Tax (charged)/credited to
the income statement – (54) 1,910 14 1,870
Over provision in respect
of prior year – – – (1,230) (1,230)
End of financial year – (108) 1,910 269 2,071

22 Trade and other payables
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Trade payables 52,496 54,682 – –

Other payables
- Subsidiaries – – 1,379 2,766
- Related corporation – – 8 –
- Non-related parties 20,811 19,674 3,562 5,135
Accrued expenses 71,032 92,620 1,818 19
144,339 166,976 6,767 7,920
Other payables to the subsidiaries are unsecured, non-interest bearing and repayable at call.
23 Derivative financial instruments
The derivatives used by the Group are over-the-counter commodity derivatives in the form of coal
and gas-oil swaps which are measured at fair value and which will settle within 12 months of balance
sheet date. The Group did not apply hedge accounting in 2012 and 2013.
24 Provisions – current
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Employee benefits 3,898 5,606 2,055 2,370

24 Provisions – current (continued)

Movements in provisions
Movements in provision for employee benefits are as follows:
Employee
benefits
US$’000
Group
2013
Provision made 3,053
Provision utilised during the year (4,761)
2012
Company
2013
2012
Provision written back (574)

25 Provisions – non-current
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Employee benefits (a) 4,196 4,209 214 –

Rehabilitation and dismantling (b) 7,425 3,200 – –
11,621 7,409 214 –
(a) Employee benefits
Provision for employee benefits represents the amounts provided for in respect of long
service leave and defined benefit plans required by certain jurisdictions the Group operates
in. The Group is required to pay these benefits on termination of employment, whether the
termination was voluntary or not. These amounts are disclosed as non-current as they are not
expected to be paid within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
(b) Rehabilitation and dismantling
Provision for rehabilitation and dismantling represents the expected cost to dismantle and
remove or restore and rehabilitate properties and mining pits which the Group utilises. This
provision represents the best estimate of the present value of the expenditure required to settle
the obligation at the balance sheet date. This amount represents provisions that are expected
to be settled more than 12 months from the balance sheet date.
(c) Movements in provisions
Movements in each class of provision are as follows:
Employee Rehabilitation and

benefits dismantling Total
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
2013
Beginning of financial year 4,209 3,200 7,409
Provision made 99 4,225 4,324
Provision utilised during the year (112) – (112)
End of financial year 4,196 7,425 11,621

25 Provisions – non-current (continued)
(c) Movements in provisions (continued)
Employee Rehabilitation and

benefits dismantling Total
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
2012
Provision made/(reversed) 1,005 (101) 904
Provision utilised during the year (261) – (261)
26 Borrowings
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Current
Bank borrowings 84,500 87,500 80,000 80,000
Related corporation borrowing 90,000 – 90,000 –
174,500 87,500 170,000 80,000
Non-current
Bank borrowings 92,751 191,848 89,751 184,348
Total borrowings 267,251 279,348 259,751 264,348

The exposure of the borrowings of the Group and of the Company to interest rate changes and the
contractual repricing dates at the balance sheet dates are as follows:
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
6 months or less 267,500 280,000 260,000 265,000

Less: Capitalised borrowing
costs (249) (652) (249) (652)
267,251 279,348 259,751 264,348

26. Borrowings (continued)
The bank borrowings are principally secured by:
l A floating charge over certain bank accounts of the Company and certain subsidiaries (note 12);
l Share charges and pledges by certain subsidiaries within the Group;
l Main sales contracts assignments, and
l Guarantees from certain subsidiaries.

The Group entered into a US$100 million working capital facility agreement with the PTT Regional
Treasury Center, a related corporation on 17 October 2013. The facility has a tenor of 12 months. As
at 31 December 2013, US$90 million was drawn under this facility.
The carrying amount of assets pledged as security for the bank borrowings are:
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Cash and cash equivalents 36,820 73,912 16,692 9,576

Investment in subsidiaries – – 42,208 42,208
Total assets pledged as security 36,820 73,912 58,900 51,784

As the shares in the subsidiaries of the Company are pledged as security, the net tangible assets of the
subsidiaries are considered pledged as security for the Group’s borrowings.
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Fair value of borrowings

Bank borrowings 177,500 280,000 170,000 265,000
Related corporation borrowing 90,000 – 90,000 –
27 Deferred income tax liabilities
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
To be settled after one year 64,637 77,659 5,341 3,868

Set-off of deferred tax liabilities
pursuant to set-off provisions
(note 21) (6,038) (2,663) (3,283) (2,071)
Net deferred income tax liabilities 58,599 74,996 2,058 1,797

27 Deferred income tax liabilities (continued)
Movement in deferred income tax liabilities account is as follows:
Mining
properties Other Total
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
2013
Tax credited to the income statement (8,225) (4,491) (12,716)
Over provision in respect of prior years (306) – (306)
2012
Tax (credited)/charged to the income statement (20,600) 3,848 (16,752)
Under provision in respect of prior years 847 – 847
Other Total
US$’000 US$’000
Company
2013
Tax charged to the income statement 1,473 1,473
2012
Beginning of financial year – –
Tax charged to the income statement 3,868 3,868

28 Share capital
Issued share capital Share capital

No. of shares US$’000
2013
Beginning of financial year 1,137,052,220 327,509
Transfer from share-based compensation reserve
(note 29) – 178
End of financial year 1,137,052,220 327,687
2012
Beginning of financial year 1,134,136,930 326,832
Shares issued under ExSAP (b) 2,825,102 –
Shares issued on exercise of options (a) 90,188 86
Transfer from share-based compensation reserve
(note 29) – 591
End of financial year 1,137,052,220 327,509
All issued ordinary shares are fully paid except for 7,797,884 shares issued under the ExSAP. There is
no par value for ordinary shares.
Fully paid ordinary shares including those issued under the ExSAP carry one vote per share and carry
a right to dividends as and when declared by the Company.
(a) Share options
Movement in the number of unissued ordinary shares under option and their exercise
prices are as follows:
Forfeited/
Beginning Granted Exercised lapsed
of during during during End of
financial financial financial financial financial Exercise Exercise
year year year year year price period
2013
2012 Options 346,154 – – – 346,154 S$1.99 27.04.2013 – 27.04.2017
2012 Options 502,226 – – (9,611) 492,615 S$2.23 31.01.2013 – 31.01.2017
2011 Options 274,390 – – – 274,390 S$2.66 21.04.2012 – 21.04.2016
2011 Options 449,006 – – (19,746) 429,260 S$2.30 23.02.2012 – 23.02.2016
2010 Options 383,750 – – – 383,750 S$2.27 23.06.2011 – 23.06.2015
2008 Options 310,000 – – (310,000) – S$3.14 24.03.2009 – 24.03.2013
2008 Options 250,000 – – (250,000) – S$3.67 30.04.2009 – 30.04.2013
2,515,526 – – (589,357) 1,926,169

28 Share capital (continued)
(a) Share options (continued)
Forfeited/
Beginning Granted Exercised lapsed
of during during during End of
financial financial financial financial financial Exercise Exercise
year year year year year price period
2012
2012 Options – 346,154 – – 346,154 S$1.99 27.04.2013 – 27.04.2017
2012 Options – 502,226 – – 502,226 S$2.23 31.01.2013 – 31.01.2017
2011 Options 274,390 – – – 274,390 S$2.66 21.04.2012 – 21.04.2016
2011 Options 454,694 – (5,688) – 449,006 S$2.30 23.02.2012 – 23.02.2016
2010 Options 433,750 – – (50,000) 383,750 S$2.27 23.06.2011 – 23.06.2015
2009 Options 84,500 – (84,500) – – S$1.22 23.04.2010 – 23.04.2014
2008 Options 360,000 – – (50,000) 310,000 S$3.14 24.03.2009 – 24.03.2013
2008 Options 250,000 – – – 250,000 S$3.67 30.04.2009 – 30.04.2013
1,857,334 848,380 (90,188) (100,000) 2,515,526
During the financial year ended 31 December 2013, there were no share options granted
to key management and employees under the Employee Share Option Plan (“ESOP”).
On 31 January 2012, the Company granted options to key management to subscribe for
502,226 ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of S$2.23 per share. 40% of
these options are exercisable from 31 January 2013; a further 30% are exercisable from 31
January 2014, with the remaining 30% exercisable from 31 January 2015. These options
expire on 31 January 2017. The total fair value of these options granted was estimated to be
US$380,000.
On 27 April 2012, the Company granted options to Directors of the Company to subscribe
for 346,154 ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of S$1.99 per share. 40%
of these options are exercisable from 27 April 2013; a further 30% are exercisable from
27 April 2014, with the remaining 30% exercisable from 27 April 2015. These options
expire on 27 April 2017. The total fair value of these options granted was estimated to be
US$229,000.
The fair value at grant date is independently determined using a Binomial Option Pricing
Model that takes into account the exercise price, the term of the option, the vesting and
performance criteria, the impact of dilution, the non-tradable nature of the option, the
share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected
dividend yield and the risk free interest rate for the term of the option.

The significant inputs into the option model for the two tranches of share options issued
under ESOP during the financial year ended 31 December 2012 were the share price
S$2.23 and S$1.99 one day prior the grant date, the exercise rice of S$2.23 and S$1.99,
a standard deviation of expected share price return of 65%, the option life of 5 years and
the annual risk-free interest rate of 0.49% and 0.56% respectively. The volatility measured
as the standard deviation of expected share price returns was estimated using Hoadley’s
volatility calculator using data extracted from Bloomberg.
28 Share capital (continued)
(a) Share options (continued)
Out of the unexercised options for 1,926,169 (2012: 2,515,526) shares in the Company,
options for 1,210,106 (2012: 1,283,108) shares are exercisable at the balance sheet date.
(b) Share issue
On 31 January 2012, 2,825,102 ordinary shares in the Company were granted to key
management under the Executive Share Acquisition Plan (“ExSAP”) at a price of S$2.23
per share with a total fair value at grant date of US$1,965,000 based on the closing market
share price at grant date. The shares vest over four years, with 25% vesting after the first
anniversary, a further 25% after the second anniversary, a further 25% after the third
anniversary and the final 25% after the fourth anniversary.
Pursuant to the mandatory unconditional cash offer for all the ordinary shares of the
Company by PTT Mining Limited on 24 September 2012, the unvested shares granted
under ExSAP became immediately available.
29 Other reserves
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Sharebased compensation
reserve (a) 9,687 9,216 9,687 9,216
Capital reserve (b) (13,526) (13,526) – –
General reserve (c) 329 329 – –
Merger reserve (d) (7,752) (7,752) – –
Fair value reserve (e) 230 – – –
Remeasurement of defined benefit
plans 33 – – –
(10,999) (11,733) 9,687 9,216

29 Other reserves (continued)
Other reserves are non-distributable.
(a) Sharebased compensation reserve
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Beginning of financial year 9,216 4,294 9,216 4,294

Transferred to share capital
(note 28) (178) (591) (178) (591)
expense (note 8) 468 4,622 468 4,622
Share plan loan repayment 181 891 181 891
End of financial year 9,687 9,216 9,687 9,216
(b) Capital reserve
In January 2005, the Group acquired the remaining 20% equity interest of PT Bahari Cakrawala
Sebuku (“PT BCS”) for a consideration of US$15,821,000. The acquisition consideration was
satisfied by the allotment and issuance of 6,145,537 shares of S$1 each at a premium of
S$3.18 per share. This reserve of US$13,526,000 represents the difference between the value
of the consideration paid for the acquisition of the 20% minority interest in PT BCS prior to
2006 and the amount that these minority interests were recognised in the financial statements.
(c) General reserve
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Beginning and end of financial year 329 329
The revised Indonesian Limited Company Law No. 40/2007 dated 16 August 2007 requires
Indonesian companies to set up a general reserve amounting to 20% of the company’s issued
and paid up share capital.
(d) Merger reserve
Merger reserve arising from a restructuring exercise representing the excess of cash
consideration paid over the subsidiaries capital acquired and accounted for using the pooling
of interest method.
29 Other reserves (continued)
(e) Fair value reserve
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Beginning of financial year – 24

Fair value gain/(loss) on available-for-sale financial assets
(note 17) 230 (24)
End of financial year 230 –
The available-for-sale reserve represents the mark to market over the cost of the investment
(note 17).
30 Retained profits
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Beginning of financial year 340,205 320,767 8,628 3,637

Net profit after tax 9,513 108,467 44,484 94,020
Dividends paid (note 31) (42,298) (89,029) (42,298) (89,029)
End of financial year 307,420 340,205 10,814 8,628
Retained profits of the Group and Company are distributable.
31 Dividends
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Final dividend paid in respect of the previous financial year

of 3.72 cents (2011: 5.83 cents) per share 42,298 66,288
Interim dividend paid in respect of current financial year
of 2.00 cents per share – 22,741
42,298 89,029
32 Capital commitments
Capital expenditures contracted for at the balance sheet dates but not recognised in the financial
statements are as follows:
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Property, plant and equipment 1,328 1,058 26 142
33 Operating lease commitments
The Group leases office space, residential properties and certain office equipment from non-related
parties under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The leases have varying terms, escalation
clauses and renewal rights.
The future minimum lease payables under non-cancellable operating leases contracted for at the
balance sheet dates but not recognised as liabilities are as follows:
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Not later than one year 1,750 2,681 586 1,077

Between one and five years 474 1,799 93 503
2,224 4,480 679 1,580
34 Financial risk management
Financial risk factors
The Group’s operations are exposed to market risk (including currency risk, price risk and interest rate
risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management strategy seeks to minimise any
adverse effects from the unpredictability of financial and commodity markets on the Group’s financial
performance. The Group uses financial instruments such as over-the-counter commodity swaps to
hedge certain market risk exposures.
The Board is responsible for setting the objectives and underlying principles of financial risk
management for the Group. The Treasury Committee then establishes the detailed policies such as
authority levels, oversight responsibilities, risk identification and measurement, exposure limits and
hedging strategies, in accordance with the objectives and principles set by the Board.
Financial risk management is carried out by a central treasury department, trading department and
reporting department and these teams evaluate and hedge financial risks in co-operation with the
Group’s operating units. Regular reports are also submitted to management and the Board.
34 Financial risk management (continued)
(a) Market risk
(i) Currency risk
The Group operates in Singapore and Indonesia. Entities in the Group regularly
transact in their respective functional currency, which is the United States dollar
(“USD”). Currency risk arises when transactions are denominated in foreign
currencies such as the Singapore dollar (“SGD”), Australian dollar (“AUD”) and
Indonesia rupiah (“IDR”).
The Group’s exposure to foreign currencies is not significant. The Group does not
use any financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to mitigate the
currency risks which is consistent with the Group’s Treasury Risk Management
policy.
The Group’s foreign currency exposure based on the information provided to key
management is as follows:
SGD IDR AUD Total

US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
At 31 December 2013
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 680 4,243 280 5,203
Trade and other receivables 392 833 529 1,754
Available-for-sale financial
assets – – 1,093 1,093
1,072 5,076 1,902 8,050
Financial liabilities
Trade and other payables 1,272 4,165 2,993 8,430
1,272 4,165 2,993 8,430
At 31 December 2012
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 1,140 2,526 517 4,183
Trade and other receivables 452 6,788 287 7,527
Available-for-sale financial
assets – – 2,045 2,045
1,592 9,314 2,849 13,755
Trade and other payables 606 3,861 2,152 6,619
606 3,861 2,152 6,619

(a) Market risk (continued)
(i) Currency risk (continued)
The Company’s foreign currency exposure based on the information provided to

key management is as follows:
2013 2012
SGD AUD Total SGD AUD Total
USD$’000 USD$’000 USD$’000 USD$’000 USD$’000 USD$’000
Financial assets
Cash and cash
equivalents 418 25 443 767 13 780
Trade and other
receivables 261 15 276 311 – 311
679 40 719 1,078 13 1,091
Trade and other
payables 1,342 1,018 2,360 531 791 1,322
1,342 1,018 2,360 531 791 1,322

34. Financial risk management (continued)
(i) Currency risk (continued)
If the Singapore dollar, Australian dollar and Indonesian rupiah change against
the United States dollar by 1% (2012: 2%), 5% (2012: 2%) and 7% (2012: 3%)
respectively with all other variables including tax rate being held constant, the
effects arising from the net financial liability/asset position will be as follows:
Increase/(Decrease)
2013 2012
Other Other
Profit comprehensive Profit comprehensive
after tax income after tax income
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
SGD against USD
- strengthened (2) – 17 –
- weakened 2 – (17) –
IDR against USD

- strengthened 64 – 137 –
- weakened (64) – (137) –
AUD against USD

- strengthened (109) 55 (23) 41
- weakened 109 (55) 23 (41)
Company
SGD against USD
- weakened 7 – (9) –
AUD against USD

- weakened 49 – (13) –
(ii) Price risk
The Group is exposed to thermal coal price risk generated by its mining activities.
The Group sells coal either on a contracted or spot basis, with prices either fixed
or index linked. Coal price risk is managed through contractual arrangements
negotiated directly with customers, usually for a period of 12 months and through
the use of derivative financial instruments.
(ii) Price risk (continued)
Fuel is a major component of the Group’s operating costs. The Group’s exposure
to changes in fuel prices is ultimately based on reference to a USD Mean of
Platts Singapore (“MOPS”) Gas Oil assessment price. This benchmark reference
is used to determine diesel fuel prices in Indonesia, which are primarily passed
through to the Group by mine contractors through rise and fall adjustment clauses.
Historically, as sources of energy generation, there is a positive correlation between
coal and oil prices, and this has served as a natural hedge to the Group’s exposure
to changing fuel prices.
The Group uses derivative financial instruments in the form of coal and gas-oil
swaps to hedge adverse movements in coal prices received by customers and gas-
oil prices paid as part of the Group’s mining costs. These instruments are over-
the-counter derivative contracts referenced to indices and therefore underlying
commodity prices of coal and gas-oil. If the referenced price had increased/
decreased by 10% (2012: 10%) with all other variables including tax rate being
held constant, the profit after tax would have been higher/lower by US$180,000
(2012: higher/lower by US$4,846,000).
The Group has an equity investment which is classified as available-for-sale on the

balance sheet that is exposed to equity securities price risk. If price for the equity
security listed on the Australian Securities Exchange had changed by 10% (2012:
10%) with all other variables including tax rate being held constant, the profit after
tax would have been higher/lower by US$109,000 (2012: US$205,000).
(iii) Cash flow and fair value interest rate risks

Cash flow interest rate risk is the risk that the future cash flows of a financial
instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Fair value
interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of a financial instrument will fluctuate
due to changes in market interest rates. As the Group has no significant interest
bearing assets, the Group’s income is substantially independent of changes in
market interest rates.
The Group’s main interest rate risk arises from borrowings. Borrowings issued at
variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk.
The Group’s borrowings are at fixed and variable rates and are denominated in
USD. If the USD interest rates had increased/decreased by 0.50% (2012: 0.50%)
with all other variables including tax rate being held constant, the profit after tax
would have been lower/higher by US$1,313,000 (2012: US$1,148,000) as a result
of higher/lower interest expense on these borrowings.
(b) Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that counterparty will default on its contractual obligations
resulting in financial loss to the Group. Credit risk is managed on a group basis. Credit risk
arises from cash and cash equivalents, and deposits with banks and financial institutions
and derivative financial instruments, as well as credit exposures to trade customers,
including outstanding receivables and contracted sales. The Group only deals with banks
and financial institutions of good repute and standing. For trade customers, the corporate
team assess and monitor the credit quality of each trade customer, taking into account their
financial position, past experience and other relevant factors.
Credit exposure to an individual counterparty is restricted by the corporate team

management based on ongoing credit evaluation. Counterparty’s payment profiles are
monitored by management. Generally, the Group only enters into contracts with large
counterparties (such as power utilities). Counterparty and payment risk is also managed
through the use of letters of credit or telegraphic transfers payable within 30 days from a
vessel’s bill of lading date.
The Group has a broad customer base with many sales secured by letters of credit. The
majority of the Group’s customers belong to the power generation sector across various
countries which represent some concentration of risk within this market.
The maximum exposure to credit risk for each class of financial instrument is the carrying
amount of that class of financial assets presented on the balance sheet.
The credit risk for trade receivables, based on the information provided to key management
is as follows:
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
By geographical areas:
Indonesia 30,472 30,805
Singapore 57,661 18,975
88,133 49,780
(i) Financial assets that neither past due nor impaired
Bank deposits that are neither past due nor impaired are mainly deposits with
banks with high credit ratings assigned by international credit rating agencies.
Trade receivables that are neither past due nor impaired are substantially with
companies with a good collection track record with the Group.
(b) Credit risk (continued)
(ii) Financial assets that are past due and/or impaired
Where financial assets are past due but not impaired, the Group has assessed
that the credit quality of these amounts has not changed and the amounts are still
considered recoverable.
The age analysis of trade receivables past due but not impaired is as follows:
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Past due
< 3 months 20,817 24,273 – –
Past due 3 to 6
months 36 463 – –
Past due
> 6 months 339 53 – –
21,192 24,789 – –
The carrying amount of trade receivables individually determined to be impaired

and the movement in the related allowance for impairment are as follows:
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Past due
> 6 months 273 – – –
Less: Allowance for
impairment (273) – – –
– – – –
Beginning of
financial year – – – –
Allowance made (273) – – –
End of financial
year (273) – – –
(c) Liquidity risk
Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining at all times sufficient cash and
marketable securities and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of
committed credit facilities so as to enable the Group to meet its obligations as and when
they fall due. At the balance sheet date, assets held by the Group and Company for
managing liquidity risk included cash and short-term deposits as disclosed in note 12.
Liquidity risk management covers daily, short term, and long term needs. The appropriate
levels of liquidity are determined by both the nature of the Group’s business and its risk
profile. The Group monitors its liquidity position on a daily basis and prepares short term
weekly cash flows of up to three months, on a monthly basis. In addition to this, the Group
looks at cash flows on a medium term (< 12 months) and long term (> 12 months) basis
through regular forecasts, annual budgets and long term business plans.
The table below analyses the maturity profile of the Group’s and Company’s financial
liabilities, including derivative financial instruments into relevant maturity groupings based
on the remaining period from the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. The
amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.
Between Between
Less than 1 and 2 and Over
1 year 2 years 5 years 5 years
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
2013
Group
Trade and other payables (144,339) – – –
Derivative financial instruments (659) – – –
Borrowings (179,412) (93,045) – –
(324,410) (93,045) – –
Company
Borrowings (174,702) (90,013) – –
(181,469) (90,013) – –

(c) Liquidity risk (continued)
Between Between
Less than 1 and 2 and Over
1 year 2 years 5 years 5 years
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
2012
Group
Derivative financial instruments (6,615) – – –
Borrowings (95,311) (89,231) (107,668) –
(268,902) (89,231) (107,668) –
Company
Borrowings (87,395) (84,527) (104,626) –
(95,315) (84,527) (104,626) –
(d) Capital risk
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to maintain an optimal capital structure
so as to maximise shareholder value and to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue
as a going concern. The capital structure of the Group consists of debt, which includes
borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to equity holders of the
Company, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained profits.
In order to maintain or achieve an optimal capital structure, the Group may adjust the
amount of dividend payment, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, buy back
issued shares, obtain new borrowings or sell assets to reduce borrowings.
The gearing ratio is calculated as net debt divided by the total book value of capital.
Net debt is calculated as borrowings plus trade and other payables less cash and cash
equivalents. Total capital is calculated as equity plus net debt.
The Group also evaluates its debt levels by measuring the level of interest expense relative
to the Group’s net earnings. The level of gearing is also restricted in bank covenants as
part of the Group’s borrowings. These covenants include minimum ratios such as interest
coverage and leverage ratios.
(d) Capital risk (continued)
The Group and the Company are in compliance with all externally imposed capital
requirements for the financial years ended 31 December 2012 and 2013.
Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Net debt 358,702 324,603 249,819 262,683

Total equity 623,976 655,981 345,278 345,353
Total capital 982,678 980,584 595,097 608,036
Gearing ratio 37% 33% 42% 43%
(e) Fair value measurement
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value and classified by
level of the following fair value measurement hierarchy:
i. Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level
1);
ii. Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the
asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)
(Level 2); and
iii Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data
(unobservable inputs) (Level 3).
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
2013
Assets
Derivative financial instruments – 668 – 668
Available-for-sale financial assets 1,093 – – 1,093
Total assets 1,093 668 – 1,761
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments – 659 – 659
(e) Fair value measurement (continued)
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Group
2012
Assets
Derivative financial instruments – 6,459 – 6,459
Available-for-sale financial assets 2,045 – – 2,045
Total assets 2,045 6,459 – 8,504
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments – 6,615 – 6,615
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as trading and
available-for-sale securities) is based on the quoted market prices at the balance sheet date.
The quoted market prices used for financial assets held by the Group is the current bid
price. These instruments are included in Level 1.
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (e.g. over-
the-counter derivatives) is determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses a
variety of methods and makes assumptions that are based on market conditions existing at
balance sheet date. Quoted market prices and index-linked prices for similar instruments
are used to estimate fair value. These investments are classified as Level 2. In infrequent
circumstances, where a valuation technique for these instruments is based on significant
unobservable inputs, such instruments are classified as Level 3.
(f) Financial instruments by category
The carrying amount of the different categories of financial instruments is as disclosed on

the face of the balance sheets.
35 Related party transactions
(a) Key management personnel compensation
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Salaries and other shortterm employee benefits 7,454 7,120

Termination benefits 4,031 –
Share based expenses 187 3,170
11,672 10,290

Included in the total above is compensation provided to directors of the Company
amounting to US$814,783 (2012: US$3,418,000).
Share based expenses represent the fair value of instruments issued under ExSAP and ESOP
plans which have vested during the financial year ended 31 December 2012 as accounted
for under FRS 102 Share-based payment, and not cash payments made to awardees. The
subscription prices of the instruments which vested during the financial year were S$2.64,
S$2.30 and S$2.23, being the last traded share price before the grant dates. The closing
price of the Company’s security as traded on the last day before suspension on 23 October
2012 was S$1.85.

(b) Sales and purchases of goods and services
In addition to the information disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements, the following
transactions took place between the Group and related parties at terms agreed between the
parties:
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Management fees paid to immediate holding

corporation – 642
Management fees received from immediate holding
corporation – 392
Management fees received from related corporation – 55
Interest expense payable to related corporation 283 –
Related corporation comprise mainly companies which are controlled or significantly

influenced by the Group’s ultimate holding company that are not part of the Group or
companies which are controlled or significantly influenced by key management personnel
and their close family members.
36 Business combination
On 24 May 2012, the Group acquired a 100% interest in PT Tri Tunggal Lestari Bersama (“TTLB”). The
principal activity of TTLB is that of infrastructure development. Details of the consideration paid, the
assets acquired and liabilities assumed are as follows:
2012
US$’000
Purchase consideration
Cash paid 2,178
Identifiable net assets acquired:

Deferred tax assets 5
Add: Goodwill 2,173
Consideration transferred for the business 2,178
The acquisition of TTLB will enable the Group to explore the possibility of opening an overland route
for transporting coal from the Jembayan operations and the Separi region to the coast. Pre-feasibility
studies indicate that a direct transport route provided by TTLB would result in a substantial reduction
in haulage costs for the Jembayan operations.
37 Subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the assets, liabilities and results of the following
subsidiaries in accordance with the accounting policy described in note 2(b):
Country of
Name of entity incorporation Principal activity Equity holding
2013 2012
% %
Tiger Energy Trading Pte Ltd (a) Singapore Trading 100 100
Sakari Energy Trading Pte Ltd (a) Singapore Investment holding 100 100
Sakari Energy Pte Ltd (a) Singapore Dormant 100 100
Reyka Wahana Digdjaya Pte Ltd (b) Singapore Dormant 100 100
PT Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku (c) Indonesia Coal mining 100 100
PT Sinergy Consultancy Services (c) Indonesia Management services 100 100
PT Reyka Wahana Digdjaya (b) Indonesia Investment holding 100 100
Sakari Marine Infrastructure Pte Ltd (a) Singapore Marine Engineering 100 100
Sakari Australia Pty Ltd Australia Management services 100 100
- Formerly SAR Resources (Australia)
Pty Ltd (b)
Country of
Name of entity incorporation Principal activity Equity holding
2013 2012
% %
PT Bumiborneo Pertiwi Nusantara (c) Indonesia Investment holding 100 100

PT Borneo Citrapertiwi Nusantara (c) Indonesia Investment holding 100 100
PT Separi Energy (c) Indonesia Investment holding 100 100
PT Jembayan Muarabara (c) Indonesia Coal mining 100 100
PT Kemilau Rindang Abadi (c) Indonesia Coal mining 100 100
PT Arzara Baraindo Energitama (c) Indonesia Coal mining 100 100
PT Karbon Mahakam (c) Indonesia Coal mining 100 100
PT Metalindo Bumi Raya (c) Indonesia Coal mining 100 100
PT Citra Pertiwi Nusantara (b) Indonesia Asset holding 100 100
PT Kuda Perdana Pertiwi (b) Indonesia Dormant 100 100
PT Bahari Perdana Persada (b) Indonesia Dormant 100 100
PT Bahari Putra Perdana (b) Indonesia Dormant 100 100
PT Bumi Borneo Metalindo (b) Indonesia Dormant 100 100
PT Sakti Utama Luas (b) Indonesia Dormant 100 100
PT Makassar Prima Coal Indonesia Dormant 70 70
PT Cakrawala Abadi Jaya (b) Indonesia Dormant 100 100
PT Tri Tunggal Lestari Bersama (b) Indonesia Dormant 100 100
Sakari Royal Limited (b) Cambodia Coal Exploration 70 –
(a) Audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Singapore.

(b) Not required to be audited under the law of the country of incorporation.
(c) Audited by KAP Tanudiredja, Wibisana & Rekan – a member firm of the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network.
38 Reconciliation of profit after income tax to net cash provided by operating activities
Group
2013 2012
US$’000 US$’000
Net profit after tax 9,381 108,467

Depreciation and amortisation 155,984 88,714
Foreign exchange gain (146) (183)
Loss/(gain) on sale of property, plant and equipment 12 (1)
Impairment of available-for-sale financial assets 1,182 6,511
Allowance for impairment of receivables 2,497 –
Write off of property, plant and equipment 628 224
Write off of exploration and evaluation 99 –
Fair value gains on financial assets at fair value through
profit and loss (6,349) (14,026)
Interest expense 11,504 12,725
Share-based payments expense 468 4,622
Changes in working capital

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables (19,460) 9,650
Increase in current tax receivables (2,851) (31,428)
Increase in inventories (2,605) (20,861)
Increase in deferred income tax assets (422) (4,480)
(Increase)/decrease in other operating assets (1,177) 168
(Decrease)/increase in current income tax liabilities (9,821) 11,065
Decrease in trade and other payables and provisions (22,882) (56,177)
Decrease in deferred income tax liabilities (16,397) (12,110)
Net cash provided by operating activities 99,645 102,880

39 New or revised accounting standards and interpretations
Below are the mandatory standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that have
been published, and are relevant for the Group’s accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January
2014 or later periods and which the Group has not early adopted:
The Group’s assessment of the impact of adopting those standards, amendments and interpretations is
not expected to have a material effect on the results of the Group.
(a) FRS 27 (revised 2011) Separate Financial Statements (effective for annual periods beginning
on or after 1 January 2014)
(b) FRS 28 (revised 2011) Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (effective for annual
periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014)
(c) FRS 110 Consolidated Financial Statements (effective for annual periods beginning on or
after 1 January 2014)
(d) FRS 111 Joint Arrangements (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January
2014)
(e) FRS 112 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities (effective for annual periods beginning on
or after 1 January 2014)
(f) Amendments to FRS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (effective for
annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014)
(g) Amendments to FRS 36 Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets

(effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014)
40 Authorisation of financial statements
These financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of
Directors of Sakari Resources Limited on 26 February 2014.
GLOSSARY
The following definitions apply throughout this Annual Report:
“ASP” Average selling price

“Board” The Board of Directors of Sakari
“CEO” Chief Executive Officer
“Sakari”, “Company” Sakari Resources Limited
“Group” Sakari and its subsidiaries
“ha” Hectares
“Kt” Thousands of metric tonnes
“Mt” Millions of metric tonnes
“pa” per year
“PTTAPM” PTT Asia Pacific Mining Pty Ltd
“t” One metric tonne
“$”, “US$” United States dollars
“Q1” First quarter
“Q2” Second quarter
“Q3” Third quarter
“Q4” Fourth quarter
“H1” First half of the year
“H2” Second half of the year
“CY” Calendar year
CONTENTS
Corporate Directory 1
Five Year Financial Summary 2
Chairman’s Statement 3
Board Of Directors 5
Key Executives 8
Chief Executive Officer’s Review 10
Financial Review 13
Operations’ Review 15
Marketing And Sales Review 17
Coal Resource Statement 18
Coal Reserves Statement 20
Sustainability 21
Directors’ Report 23
Statement By Directors 28
Independent Auditor’s Report 29
Financial Statements And
Notes To The Financial Statements 30
Glossary 96
The Sakari Charter IBC
Seam 401
Seam 303
Seam 301

Seam 204
Seam 203
Seam 202
Seam 201
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391B Orchard Road #17-01 Seam 197 A
Ngee Ann City Tower B Singapore 238874

Tel : +65 6499 4100 Seam 197 B
www.sakariresources.com
ANNUAL REPORT Seam 197 L
2013 Seam 196
Annual Report 2013

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Seam 401

SAKARI RESOURCES LIMITED

SAKARI RESOURCES LIMITED

Ngee Ann City Tower B Singapore 238874

2013 Seam 196

Annual Report 2013

Audit, Risk & Compliance Committee

Corporate Governance Committee

Company Secretary Graeme Bruce Tivey

Registered & Head Office 391B Orchard Road

Share Register Boardroom Corporate & Advisory Services Pte. Ltd.

Independent Auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers

SAKARI RESOURCES LIMITED

FIVE YEAR SUMMARY

Dear Shareholders these shareholders and have informed

Shareholder Developments Mr Bulakul does not intend to hold the

Chairman’s Statement (continued)

Conclusion which we expect will bring exciting

Dr Chitrapongse holds an MSc degree and a Doctorate in Industrial Engineering from

Board of Directors (continued)

Dr Chua Yong Hai

Board of Directors (continued)

Han Eng Juan

Julie Therese Hall

Mr Bulakul was appointed CEO of Sakari Group in September 2013.

Mr Lim was appointed as Chief Operating Officer in March 2010. He is responsible

Wantana Kanoksuttiwong

Pak Ginarsa was appointed President Director Indonesia in 1993, holding

Key Executives (continued)

Pak Dany is a Geologist with qualifications in Economic Geology from universities

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’s REVIEW

Chief Executive Officer’s Review (continued)

Chief Executive Officer’s Review (continued)

Sakari is now an established member accessible location. If we are successful

We will continue to progress the Surong Bulakul

Revenue and Profit

(US$M) 2013 2012 YoY Change

(US$M) 2013 2012

Financial Review (continued)

Production and Sales Volumes

Kt Year Ended 31 December

Operations’ Review (continued)

Sebuku’s total production in 2013 was production throughout 2013 with a

MARKETING AND SALES REVIEW

COAL RESOURCE STATEMENT

1. The information on coal resources as at 31 December 2013 was prepared by or

3. Coal resources are inclusive of coal reserves.

4. Rounding of figures may cause computational discrepancies.

Coal Resource Statement

Coal Resources Statement (continued)

2. Mr Ramsay is a full-time employee of Sakari Resources Limited.

3. Mr Ramsay has sufficient experience which is relevant to the type of mineralisation

COAL RESERVES STATEMENT

SEBUKU Proven Probable TOTAL Marketable

JEMBAYAN Proven Probable TOTAL Marketable

SAKARI GROUP Proven Probable TOTAL Marketable

Dr Chitrapongse Kwangsukstith Non-Executive Chairman

Arrangements to enable directors to acquire shares or debentures