Factors

FACTORS THAT AFFECT PERCEPTION OF THE PHYSICAL SELF
1. PERSONAL FACTOR
a. INTROSPECTION and SELF-REFLECTION

- Introspection is the process by which one observes and examines one’s internal states
(mental and emotional) after behaving in a certain way.(Hewstone, et al.,2015)
- Introspection is limited because people are commonly motivated to keep unwanted
thoughts and experiences out of memory and consciousness.
- People have low self-insight on aspects about the self where they wish were not true
and many people tend to overestimate their positive aspects.
b. SELF-PERCEPTION THEORY
- The theory explains that since one’s internal state is difficult to interpret, people’s
attitude are developed by observing their own behavior. (Hewstone,2015)
- Physical perception includes all aspects of a person’s perception of his physical self.
c. SELF-CONCEPT
- A cognitive representation of self-knowledge which includes the sum total of all
beliefs that people have about themselves. (Hewstone et al., 2015)
- A collection of all individual experiences involving one’s characteristics, social roles,
values, goals and fears.
- Physical self-concept is the individual’s perception or description of his physical self,
including his physical appearance.
d. PERSONAL IDENTITY
- This is the concept of a person has about himself that develop over the years including
aspects of his life that he was born into like nationality, gender, physical traits as even
the choices he makes.
2. SOCIAL FACTOR
a. ATTACHMENT PROCESS AND SOCIAL APPRAISAL.

- People learn their value and lovability when they experiences how their parents and
love ones care for them and how these people respond to their needs and these
earliest interaction is important in developing who they are. ( Bowlby, 1969) t
- Consistent and appropriate caregiving and response to infant’s needs promote
positive self-conept.
- Inconsistent and unresponsive caregiving can create a negative self-concept.
b. MAINTAINING,REGULATING AND EXPANDING THE SELF IN
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP.
- The sense of self is continuously shaped through ongoing interaction with others or
with significant relationship partners.
- People are not aware that they are being influenced by the “private audiences” with
whom people carry an internal dialogue.
c. THE LOOKING-GLASS SELF THEORY.
- The person’s self grows out of society’s interpersonal interactions and the perception
of others according to Charles Horton Cooley
- The view of oneself comes from a compilation of personal qualities and impressions
of how others perceive the individual
- Self-image is shaped and reflected from the social world.
d. SOCIAL COMPARISON.
- A process of comparing oneself with others in order to evaluate one’s own abilities
and opinions. There are two types of social comparison:
1. Upward SC- when an individual compares himself to others who are better
than him.
2. Downward SC- when an individual compares himself to someone who is in a
worse situation than he is especially when he is feeling so low.
e. SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY (COLLECTIVE IDENTITY)
- It is formulated by tajifel and turner 1979.
- It’s about how people achieve understanding about themselves by being a member
of their group
- People have a need for a positive social identity that is why they connect to a wider
social network, this idea assumes that as a member of the group they will not be
discriminated by and out-group and they will also enhance their self-esteem because
they feel secured with the shield of group membership where they belong.
SELF IDENTITY
The person that someone truly is or the Is who a person believes she or he is,
entire person of the individual. representing a synthesis and integration
of self-understanding (Santrock,2014)
The total characteristic or qualities of a The traits and characteristics, social
person both known and unknown to relations, roles and social group
others but known to oneself memberships that define who one is.
A way of making sense of some aspect or
part of self-concept (Leary and
Tangney,2012)

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FACTORS THAT AFFECT PERCEPTION OF THE PHYSICAL SELF

a. INTROSPECTION and SELF-REFLECTION

a. ATTACHMENT PROCESS AND SOCIAL APPRAISAL.

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