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This document discusses how to find the y-intercepts, vertical asymptotes, and horizontal asymptotes of rational expressions. It explains that y-intercepts occur when x is set to 0, vertical asymptotes occur when the denominator is set to 0, and horizontal asymptotes depend on whether the top or bottom degree is highest. Examples are provided, such as finding the vertical asymptotes of 4x^2 - 8 by setting 4x^2 equal to 8 and solving for x. The goal is to be able to determine the intercepts and asymptotes, as this information can be used to graph rational functions.

Uploaded by

Yuri Gracasta
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views

Genmath Script

This document discusses how to find the y-intercepts, vertical asymptotes, and horizontal asymptotes of rational expressions. It explains that y-intercepts occur when x is set to 0, vertical asymptotes occur when the denominator is set to 0, and horizontal asymptotes depend on whether the top or bottom degree is highest. Examples are provided, such as finding the vertical asymptotes of 4x^2 - 8 by setting 4x^2 equal to 8 and solving for x. The goal is to be able to determine the intercepts and asymptotes, as this information can be used to graph rational functions.

Uploaded by

Yuri Gracasta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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When we're talking about rational expressions, the three things we're going to go through

around where I look for is the y-intercept asymptotes there are vertical asymptotes and
horizontal asymptotes and zeros we already know how to find zeros will be doing the past few
sections. So y-intercept, well when is the y-intercept happened right in general for all functions
the y-intercept happens when X is equal to zero. So I just have a couple examples here, the y-
intercept for this one is going to be equal to two-thirds because it's negative 2 over negative 3
you put in 0 for X to be negative 2 over 3 which is 2/3, for this one we have negative ¾, all right.
And this last one here will all be plugging in 0 for X, your y-intercept turns out to be negative 3.
Gives you get 3 over negative 1 okay and the y-intercept is just you know something good to
know helps us sketch the graph.

Vertical asymptotes are basically values that X cannot be. And so one can we not plug in
something for X well as we always think we cannot have a denominator equal to zero because
we can't divide by zero like two over zero, so for vertical asymptotes there's a new vertical
asymptote anytime the bottom can be equal to zero so if we look at this one, well, one is for X
minus 2 equals zero, it's when X is equal to 1/2 so it would be a vertical asymptote at X is equal
to 1/2 because it can't be equal in half so the graph will kind of approach that but it will never
pass that line or go to that point because if you plug in 1/2 or X you're going to get something
divided by zero, we can't do that. This one is just X on the bottom so x0 is the vertical aspect for
this graph because X cannot be 0. And then this last one, there's a couple because we do X
cubed minus X is equal to 0 well this factors out the X and x squared minus 1, so we see we
have our class notes when x is 0 1 and negative 1 because this is actually x times X minus
1 times X plus more. So that's kind of like what we're doing, we're finding roots. So over glass
and hopes happen when the denominator is equal to 0.

Horizontal asymptotes. We're going to be looking at the highest degree of the polynomial. So
this one, we're gonna look at this X and this X, highest degree and what we're going to do is
well, it's always going to be either one or none and see, this is the highest degree here it's 2n
power to the N power. If a top degree is bigger, there are no horizontal asymptotes. If the
bottom degree is bigger there's a horizontal asymptote at zero. At Y is equal to zero. And if the
degrees are the same or equal there's a horizontal asymptote at a or B and I'll show you what I
mean here, so this one the top degree is bigger right? This is x squared and this is just X so
these top is bigger that means that there is none. This one you see that that PI's degree is 3 for
both of them so that means it's just going to be a over B this is your a this is your B this is going
to be at 1/3. This last one the bottom is bigger what happens when the bottom degrees there
that means there's a horizontal asymptote at 0, see this is 3 and this is like 1 so the bottom is
bigger. So here's an example, all vertical asymptotes, well one of vertical asymptotes
sometimes happen when X cannot be equal to and bonds equal to zero so we're going to write
4x squared minus 8 equals 0, it gives us 4x squared is equal to 8, so squared is equal to 2, so
that's going to be plus or minus square root of 2 so there will be vertical asymptotes at X is
equal to square root 2 and X is equal to negative square root of 2. Horizontal asymptote, this
degree is bigger and when we see when the boundaries there and maybe there's a
horizontal asymptote at y is equal to 0. And y intercepts, the y intercept at 3/8 because I plug in
0 for X which is 1 Y, that's what's happened it gives us negative 3 over negative 8 which is 3/8.
All I want our goal today is to feel to tell where the vertical asymptotes are or where the
horizontal asymptotes are because knowing that information you can almost graph these
rational functions already.

So just a little bit of a summary: y intercepts happen when X is equal 0


you just plug in 0 for X. Vertical asymptotes happen when the bottom is equal to 0 and the
denominator is equal 0 because we cannot divide by 0, so you just take these at the bottom
instead equal 0 and solve for x and that is where your vertical asymptotes are. Our horizontal
asymptotes there's either one or none and you just look at the highest degree all, if they are
the same then it happens that a over B at the top is bigger there's none and if the bottom is
bigger is one at zero.

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