SPV1040

High efficiency solar battery charger with embedded MPPT

Datasheet - production data

Description
The SPV1040 device is a low power, low voltage,
monolithic step-up converter with an input voltage
range from 0.3 V to 5.5 V, capable of maximizing
TSSOP8 the energy generated by a single solar cell (or
fuel cell), where low input voltage handling
Features capability is extremely important. Thanks to the
embedded MPPT algorithm, even under varying
 0.3 V to 5.5 V operating input voltage environmental conditions (such as irradiation,
 140 mΩ internal synchronous rectifier dirt, temperature) the SPV1040 offers maximum
 120 mΩ internal power active switch efficiency in terms of power harvested from the
 100 kHz fixed PWM frequency cells and transferred to the output. The device
 Duty cycle controlled by MPPT algorithm employs an input voltage regulation loop, which
 Output voltage regulation, overcurrent and fixes the charging battery voltage via a resistor
overtemperature protection divider. The maximum output current is set with a
 Input source reverse polarity protection current sense resistor according to charging
 Built-in soft-start current requirements. The SPV1040 protects
 Up to 95% efficiency itself and other application devices by stopping
 TSSOP8 package 3x4.4 mm the PWM switching if either the maximum current
threshold (up to 1.8 A) is reached or the
maximum temperature limit (up to 155 °C) is
Applications exceeded. An additional built-in feature of the
 Smart phones and GPS systems SPV1040 is the input source reverse polarity
 Wireless headsets protection, which prevents damage in case of
 Small appliances, sensors reverse connection of the solar panel on the
 Portable media players input.
 Digital still cameras
 Toys and portable healthcare

Table 1: Device summary

Order code Package Packing
SPV1040T Tube
TSSOP8
SPV1040TTR Tape and reel

February 2017 DocID18080 Rev 7 1/19

This is information on a product in full production. www.st.com
Contents SPV1040

Contents
1 Block diagram.................................................................................. 5
2 Pin description ................................................................................ 6
3 Electrical ratings ............................................................................. 7
4 Electrical characteristics ................................................................ 8
5 Typical characteristics .................................................................. 10
6 Detailed description ...................................................................... 12
6.1 Soft-start mode................................................................................ 12
6.2 Start-up mode ................................................................................. 12
6.3 MPPT mode .................................................................................... 12
6.4 Constant voltage regulation ............................................................ 12
6.5 Constant current regulation ............................................................. 12
6.6 Overcurrent protection .................................................................... 13
6.7 Overtemperature protection ............................................................ 13
6.8 Shutdown mode .............................................................................. 13
6.9 Undervoltage lockout ...................................................................... 13
6.10 Reverse polarity .............................................................................. 13
6.11 Burst mode ...................................................................................... 14
6.12 Sleep-in mode ................................................................................. 14
7 Package information ..................................................................... 15
7.1 TSSOP8 package information ......................................................... 15
7.2 TSSOP8 packing information .......................................................... 17
8 Revision history ............................................................................ 18

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SPV1040 List of tables

List of tables
Table 1: Device summary ........................................................................................................................... 1
Table 2: Pin description .............................................................................................................................. 6
Table 3: Absolute maximum ratings ........................................................................................................... 7
Table 4: Thermal data ................................................................................................................................. 7
Table 5: Electrical characteristics ............................................................................................................... 8
Table 6: TSSOP8 package mechanical data ............................................................................................ 16
Table 7: Document revision history .......................................................................................................... 18

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List of figures SPV1040

List of figures
Figure 1: Block diagram .............................................................................................................................. 5
Figure 2: Simplified application circuit ........................................................................................................ 5
Figure 3: Pin connection top view ............................................................................................................... 6
Figure 4: Efficiency vs output voltage 3 PV cells - Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH .......................................... 10
Figure 5: MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 3 PV cells - Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH ................................ 10
Figure 6: Efficiency vs output voltage 4 PV cells - Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH .......................................... 10
Figure 7: MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 4 PV cells - Vmp = 2 V, LX = 33 μH ................................... 10
Figure 8: Efficiency vs output voltage 5 PV cells - Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH .......................................... 11
Figure 9: MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 5 PV cells - Vmp = 2.5 V, LX = 33 μH ................................ 11
Figure 10: VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 39% ......................................................................................... 11
Figure 11: VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 68% ......................................................................................... 11
Figure 12: MPPT working principle ........................................................................................................... 13
Figure 13: TSSOP8 package outline ........................................................................................................ 15
Figure 14: TSSOP8 carrier tape outline.................................................................................................... 17
Figure 15: TSSOP8 reel outline ................................................................................................................ 17

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SPV1040 Block diagram

1 Block diagram
Figure 1: Block diagram

Figure 2: Simplified application circuit

In order to set up the application and simulate the related test results please go to
www.st.com.

DocID18080 Rev 7 5/19

Pin description SPV1040

2 Pin description
Table 2: Pin description
Pin Name Type Description
Non-inverting input to sense the PV cell voltage. It cannot be left
1 MPP-SET I
floating.
2 GND Ground Power ground reference.
Shutdown input pin: XSHUT = low, the device in power off mode.
8 XSHUT I XSHUT = high, the device is enabled for operating mode. This pin
cannot be left floating.
3 LX I Booster inductor connection.
Non-inverting input of constant current control loop. It cannot be
7 ICTRL_PLUS I
left floating.
Inverting input of constant current control loop. It cannot be left
6 ICTRL_MINUS I
floating.
Inverting input of constant current control loop. It cannot be left
5 VCTRL I
floating.
4 VOUT O Booster output voltage.

Figure 3: Pin connection top view

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SPV1040 Electrical ratings

3 Electrical ratings
Table 3: Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
MPP-SET Analog input [-5.5, VOUT]
GND Ground 0
XSHUT Analog input [-5.5, VOUT]
LX Analog input [-5.5, VOUT]
V
ICTRL_PLUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT]
ICTRL_MINUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT]
VCTRL Analog input [-0.3, VOUT]
VOUT Analog output [-0.3, 5.5]

Table 4: Thermal data

Symbol Parameter Value Unit
Rthj-amb Thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient 135 °C/W
Tjop Junction operating temperature -40 to 125 °C
Tstg Storage temperature -40 to 150 °C

RthJA has been measured on a 2-layer PCB: FR4, 35 μm Cu thickness, 2.8 cm 2

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Electrical characteristics SPV1040

4 Electrical characteristics
VMPP-SET = 0.5 V, VCTRL = Ictrl+ = Ictrl- = GND, XSHUT = 0.5 V, TJ = -40 °C to 125 °C,
unless otherwise specified.
Table 5: Electrical characteristics
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Input source section
VMPP-SET Low boost voltage threshold VOUT = 3.3 V 0.4 0.45 0.50 V
ILOAD = 0 mA,
Iq Quiescent current VCTRL = 2 V, 60 80
VOUT = 3.3 V
VOUT = 3.3 V,
VCTRL = 2 V, µA
ISD Shutdown current 0.7 5
ILOAD = 0 mA,
XSHUT = GND
VMPP-SET = -4 V,
Irev Reverse input source current 1 5
VOUT = 1.5 V
Undervoltage lockout
threshold for turn ON VMPP-SET increasing 0.27 0.34
@VOUT = 3.3 V
VUVLO V
Undervoltage lockout
threshold for turn OFF VMPP-SET decreasing 0.14 0.24
@VOUT = 3.3 V
Power section

N-channel power switch ON

RDS(on)-N 120
resistance
mΩ
P-channel synchronous
RDS(on)-P VCTRL = 2 V 140
rectifier ON resistance
Control section
VOUT increasing,
VMPPT-THR MPPT-mode threshold 1.7 1.8 2 V
VMPP-SET = 1.5 V
VOUT Output voltage range VMPP-SET ≥ 1.5 V 2 5.2(1) V
POUT (2)
Maximum output power VMPP-SET ≥ 1.5 V 3 W
Maximum inductor current
ILX 1.5 1.65 1.8 A
peak
FPWM PWM signal frequency 70 100 130 kHz
Internal VCTRL reference VOUT ≥ 1.8 V,
VREF 1.2 1.25 1.3 V
voltage VCTRL increasing
ICTRL+ - ICTRL-
VICTRL Sensing current offset 40 50 60 mV
decreasing
XSHUT logic low XSHUT increasing 0.27 0.34
XSHUT V
XSHUT logic High XSHUT decreasing 0.14 0.24
Thermal shutdown

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SPV1040 Electrical characteristics
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Overtemperature threshold Temperature
155
for turn OFF increasing
Tshutdown °C
Overtemperature threshold Temperature
130
for turn ON decreasing

Notes:
(1)Accordingto the absolute maximum ratings the output charge voltage cannot be above 4.8 V but if a higher
VOUT up to 5.2 V is needed, a Schottky diode must be placed between the Lx and VOUT pins as shown in
Figure 2. In such way the Schottky diode in parallel to the embedded P-channel MOSFET reduces the voltage
drop between the VLX pin and the VOUT pin determined by the body diode when the internal PMOS is OFF from
0.7 V down to 0.3 V.
(2)GivenTj = Ta + RthJA x PD, and assuming RthJA = 135 °C/W, and that in order to avoid device destruction Tjmax
must be ≤ 125 °C, and that in the worst conditions TA = 85 °C, the power dissipated inside the device is given by:
PD ≤ TJ-TA/RthJA=295 mW. Therefore, if in the worst case the efficiency is assumed to be 90%, then P IN-MAX = 3.3
W and POUT-MAX = 3 W.

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Typical characteristics SPV1040

5 Typical characteristics
Figure 4: Efficiency vs output voltage 3 PV cells - Figure 5: MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 3 PV
Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH cells - Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH

Figure 6: Efficiency vs output voltage 4 PV cells - Figure 7: MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 4 PV
Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH cells - Vmp = 2 V, LX = 33 μH

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SPV1040 Typical characteristics
Figure 8: Efficiency vs output voltage 5 PV cells - Figure 9: MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 5 PV
Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 μH cells - Vmp = 2.5 V, LX = 33 μH

Figure 10: VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 39% Figure 11: VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 68%

DocID18080 Rev 7 11/19

Detailed description SPV1040

6 Detailed description
The SPV1040 is a monolithic, high efficiency, low voltage, self-powered DC-DC converter
that operates over a 0.3 V to 5.5 V DC input voltage range and provides a single output
voltage. The device provides regulated output voltage and current by sensing the VCTRL
feedback of the external resistor divider and the voltage drop on the external sense resistor
Rs, respectively. High efficiency is ensured by low power consumption in any working
mode and by the embedded perturb and observe MPPT algorithm. The SPV1040
guarantees its own safety and application safety by stopping the N-channel power switch in
case of overcurrent or overtemperature conditions.

6.1 Soft-start mode

In order to guarantee the power-up even when VOUT is very low (battery completely
discharged), a proper start-up strategy has been implemented. Taking into account that the
device is powered by the VOUT voltage, If VOUT is lower than 0.8 V, the device moves
from power off to soft-start mode and the current flows from the input to output through the
intrinsic body diode of the synchronous rectifier. In this condition VOUT follows the LX
voltage. The IC exits start-up mode when VOUT reaches 0.8 V.

6.2 Start-up mode

When VOUT goes above 0.8 V but it is still lower than 2 V, a proper biasing of both
MOSFETs is not guaranteed yet. In such conditions, the N-channel power switch is forced
ON with a fixed duty cycle and the energy is transferred to the load via the intrinsic body
diode of the P-channel synchronous switch. If the shutdown overcurrent limit is exceeded,
the power switch is immediately turned OFF. The SPV1040 leaves start-up mode as soon
as VOUT goes above 2 V.

6.3 MPPT mode

Once the device has exited start-up mode, the SPV1040 enters MPPT mode to search for
the maximum power point. The perturb and observe algorithm is based on monitoring
either the voltage or the current supplied by the DC power source unit so that the PWM
signal duty cycle is increased or decreased step-by-step according to the input power
trend. Refer to Figure 12: "MPPT working principle", which illustrates the MPPT working
principle.

6.4 Constant voltage regulation

The constant voltage control loop consists of an internal voltage reference, an op-amp and
an external resistor divider that senses the battery voltage and fixes the voltage regulation
set-point at the value specified by the user.

6.5 Constant current regulation

The constant current control loop consists of an op-amp and an external sense resistor that
feeds the current sensing circuit with a voltage proportional to the DC output current. This
resistor determines the current regulation set-point and must be adequately rated in terms
of power dissipation. It provides the capability to fix the maximum output current to protect
the battery.

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SPV1040 Detailed description
6.6 Overcurrent protection
When the current that flows through the inductor reaches 1.8 A (overcurrent shutdown
limit), the N-channel power switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel
synchronous rectifier is switched ON. Once the overcurrent condition has expired (the
inductor current goes below 1.8 A) the N-channel power switch is turned back ON.

6.7 Overtemperature protection

When the temperature sensed at silicon level reaches 155 °C (overtemperature shutdown
limit), the N-channel power switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel
synchronous rectifier is switched ON. The device becomes operative again as soon as the
silicon temperature goes below 130 °C.

6.8 Shutdown mode

The XSHUT pin low shuts OFF all internal circuitry, achieving the lowest power
consumption mode.

6.9 Undervoltage lockout

In order to prevent batteries from over-discharging, the device turns OFF in case of
MPPSET voltage is lower than 0.24 V (no irradiation). A hysteresis has been implemented
to avoid unpredictable ON-OFF switching.

6.10 Reverse polarity

In order to avoid damage to the device and battery discharge when the solar panel
connection is reverse-inserted, a dedicated protection circuit has been implemented. In
such condition, the SPV1040 stays OFF until the panel is inserted correctly.
Figure 12: MPPT working principle

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Detailed description SPV1040
6.11 Burst mode
When the output voltage reaches the battery charge voltage, the MPP-SET voltage drops
below 450 mV, or the output current reaches the output maximum current limit, the duty
cycle D drops down to 10% and the device evolves from operating mode to burst mode.
The converter no longer works at constant frequency, but at frequencies gradually lower (1
TON over 1 PWM cycle, 1 TON over 2 PWM cycles, …,1 TON over 16 PWM cycles) prior to
entering sleep-in mode.

6.12 Sleep-in mode

Once sleep-in mode has been entered, no current is provided to the load. The device exits
this mode once the cause, which forced it into this state, is no longer present.

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SPV1040 Package information

7 Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK ®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.

7.1 TSSOP8 package information

Figure 13: TSSOP8 package outline

DocID18080 Rev 7 15/19

Package information SPV1040
Table 6: TSSOP8 package mechanical data
mm
Dim.
Min. Typ. Max.
A 1.20
A1 0.05 0.15
A2 0.80 1.00 1.05
b 0.19 0.30
c 0.09 0.20
D 2.90 3.00 3.10
E 6.20 6.40 6.60
E1 4.30 4.40 4.50
e 0.65
L 0.45 0.60 0.75
L1 1.00
L2 0.25
k 0 8
aaa 0.10

Dimensions D does not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or

protrusions do not exceed 0.15 mm per side.
Dimension E1 does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash or
protrusions do not exceed 0.25 mm per side.

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SPV1040 Package information
7.2 TSSOP8 packing information
Figure 14: TSSOP8 carrier tape outline

Figure 15: TSSOP8 reel outline

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Revision history SPV1040

8 Revision history
Table 7: Document revision history
Date Revision Changes
08-Oct-2010 1 First release.
Updated the cover page, DFN8 information deleted, Chapter 3,
06-Apr-2011 2
Chapter 4 and Chapter 6.
– Updated Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 2 and Table 5
04-Oct-2011 3
– Minor text changes.
Updated Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure
25-Jul-2012 4
9.
21-Mar-2013 5 Updated Figure 1 and note 1 in Table 5.
26-Sep-2016 6 Added Section 7.2: "Packing information".
06-Feb-2017 7 Update Section 7.1: "TSSOP8 package information"

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SPV1040

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DocID18080 Rev 7 19/19