430 MCQ Team

Endocrine Block
MCQs for Mid Exam

Done By:

Abdulrahman Al-Gadheeb

AbdulAziz Al-Nami AbdulAziz Al-Zahrani

AbdulQudous Al-Jeneidil AbdulRahman Al-Jasser
Ahmed Al-Andijani Basil Al-Anazi
Hadeel Al-Madany Mohammed Al-Anazi
Mohammed Al-Kurbi Norah Al-Turki
Shatha Al-Harbi Suliman Al-Shammari
Special thanks to: Pharmacology team

Organized By: AbdulQudous Al-Jeneidil

Content:

Anatomy 2

Embryology 7

Histology 10

Physiology 15

Biochemistry 31

Pathology 35

Pharmacology 38

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 ANATOMY

1. Which one of the following air sinuses would be infiltrated by tumor of

pituitary gland:
a) Ethmoidal
b) Sphenoidal
c) Frontal
d) Maxillary
Answer: B
2. Which one of the following structure lies lateral to pituitary gland:
a) Cavernous sinus
b) Optic chiasma
c) Mammilhary bodies
d) Diaphragm sellae
Answer: A
3. Which one of the following structure lies anterolaterally to thyroid
gland:
a) Internal Jugular vein
b) Common carotid artery
c) Vagus nerve
d) Sternothyroid muscle
Answer: D
4. Which one of the following structure lies behind the isthmus of thyroid
gland:
a) Vagus nerve
b) Jugular arch
c) 2nd, 3rd, 4th tracheal rings
d) Parathyroid gland
Answer: C

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5. Which one of the following nerves runs with related to superior
thyroid artery:
a) Recurrent laryngeal
b) Glossopharyngeal
c) Vagus
d) External laryngeal
Answer: D
6. Which one of the following arteries gives rise to inferior thyroid artery:
a) External carotid
b) Aortic arch
c) Subclavian
d) Brachiocephalic
Answer: C
7. Which one of the following structures is superior to the pituitary
gland?
a) Optic chiasma
b) Diaphragma sellae
c) Mammilary bodies
d) Sphenoidal air sinuses
Answer: B
8. Regarding the pituitary gland, which one of the following statements is
correct :
a) The hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract connects the hypothalamus to the
anterior lobe of pituitary gland.
b) The anterior lobe of pituitary is the true gland.
c) The pituitary gland lies in a fossa in the ethmoid bone.
d) The superior hypophyseal artery supplies the posterior lobe of pituitary
Answer: B
9. Which one of the following statements regarding thyroid gland is
incorrect?
a) The apex of each lobe is directed upward to the lamina of the thyroid
cartilage.
b) It is enclosed within the pretracheal fascia
c) The inferior thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein
d) The recurrent laryngeal nerve lies medial to it.
Answer: C
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10. The following structures lie anterior to the trachea, EXCPT:
a) Recurrent laryngeal nerves
b) Isthmus of the thyroid gland
c) Thyroidea imma artery
d) Jugular arch
Answer: A
11. All of the following are Parts of Deep cervical fascia except:
a) Investing layer.
b) Thyroid layer.
c) Prevertebral layer.
d) Pretracheal layer.
Answer: B
12. Regarding blood supply to the thyroid gland:
a) superior thyroid artery arise from the external carotid
b) inferior thyroid vein drain into the internal jugular
c) thyroidea ima artery if present, arise from subclavian artery
d) left middle thyroid vein drains into the left brachiocaphalic vein
Answer: A
13. Regarding the pituitary gland which statement is incorrect:
a) Both lobes arise from ectoderm
b) The posterior lobe supplied by the superior hypophoseal artery
c) The connection between the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus is
neural via the infundibulum
d) The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone
Answer: B
14. Which one of the following structures is superior to the pituitary
gland:
a) Optic chiasma
b) Diaphragmasellae
c) Mammilary bodies
d) Sphenoidal air sinuses
Answer: B

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15. Regarding the pituitary gland, which one of the following statements
is correct:
a) The hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract connects the hypothalamus to the
anterior lobe of pituitary gland.
b) The anterior lobe of pituitary is the true gland.
c) The pituitary gland lies in a fossa in the ethmoid bone.
d) The inferior hypophyseal artery supplies the anterior lobe of pituitary
gland.
Answer: B
16. Which one of the following structures is posterior to the pituitary
gland:
a) Optic chiasma
b) Diaphragmasellae
c) Mammilary bodies
d) Sphenoidal air sinuses
Answer: C
17. Damage to which of the following arteries could cause infarction of
the pituitary gland :
a)Internal carotid artery.
b) Posterior superior cerebellar arteries.
c) Inferior cerebral artery

d) None of the above
Answer: A
18. Regarding the Diaphragmasellae :
a) Fold of dura mater
b) Covers the pituitary superiorly
c) Has an opening for the neural stalk
d) All of the above
Answer: D

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19. Regarding the coverings of the thyroid gland :
a) It is covered by 2 layers mainly
b) The pretracheal layer fixes the thyroid gland in position
c) The pretracheal layer is considered part of the deep fascia of the neck
d) All of the above
Answer: D
20. Regarding the lobes of the thyroid gland:
a) Connected posteriorly by a narrow isthmus
b) Its base lies at the level of the first tracheal ring
c) The apex lies at the level of the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
d) None of the above
Answer: C
21. Regarding the relations of the thyroid gland :
a) Sternohyoid muscle posteriorly
b) Related anteriorly to the vagus nerve
c) Medially the recurrent laryngeal nerve
d) Xiphoid process of the sternum anteriorly
Answer: C
22. Regarding the blood supply of the thyroid gland :
a) The superior thyroid artery arises from the common carotid artery
b) The thyroid ima artery arises from the subclavian artery
c) The inferior thyroid artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk
d) The middle thyroid vein drains into the left brachiocephalic vein
Answer: C

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 EMBRYOLOGY

1. All the following are true about thyroid gland, EXCEPT:

a) The first endocrine gland that develop
b) Developed at 24 day
c) Descend dorsal to the developing hyoid bone
d) Has two lobes connected to each other by the isthmus
Answer: C
2. Thymus gland arises from:
a) 2nd pouch
b) 3rd pouch
c) 5th pouch
d) 6th pouch
Answer: B
3. Parafollicular cells of thyroid arise from:
a) Ultimobranchial body
b) 3rd pouch
c) 4th pouch
d) A and C
Answer: D
4. Thyroid gland originates from:
a) Thyroglassal duct
b) Yolk sac
c) 1st pharyngeal pouch
d) 2nd pharyngeal pouch
Answer: A
5. Superior parathyroid gland originates from:
a) 1st arch
b) 2nd arch
c) 3rd arch
d) 4th arch
Answer: D

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6. What is not developed from pharyngeal pouch:
a) Palatine tonsile
b) External auditory meatus
c) Thymus gland
d) Parathyroid gland
Answer: B
7. The common site of the developing congenital thyrocervical cyst is:
a) Superior to the hyoid bone.
b) Inferior to hyoid bone.
c) In the thorax.
d) Sublingual.
Answer: (B) and anterior
8. Inferior parathyroid gland develops from:
a) 1st pharyngeal arch.
b) 2nd pharyngeal arch.
c) 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
d) 4th pharyngeal pouch.
Answer: C
9. Superior parathyroid gland develops from:
a) 2nd pharyngeal pouch.
b) 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
c) 4th pharyngeal pouch.
d) 4th pharyngeal arch.
Answer: C
10. During thyroidectomy operation, which nerve is damaged in relation
with superior thyroid artery:
a) Internal laryngeal.
b) External laryngeal.
c) Vagus.
d) Recurrent laryngeal.
Answer: B

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11. During thyroidectomy operation, which nerve is damaged in relation
with inferior thyroid artery:
a) Internal laryngeal.
b) External laryngeal.
c) Vagus.
d) Recurrent laryngeal
Answer: D
12. Which one of the following gives rise to inferior parathyroid gland:
a) Dorsal part of 3rd pharyngeal pouch
b) Dorsal part of 4th pharyngeal pouch
c) ventral part of 3rd pharyngeal pouch
d) ventral part of 4th pharyngeal pouch
Answer: A

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 HISTOLOGY

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system:

a) Products secreted into blood
b) Glands with ducts
c) Secretes hormones
d) Non localized response
Answer: B
2. What organ is nicknamed the "master gland”:
a) Adrenal medulla
b) Adrenal cortex
c) Brain
d) Pituitary
Answer: D
3. What cell type secretes ACTH?
a) Lactotropic cells
b) Thyrotropic cells
c) Somatotropic cells
d) Corticotropic cells
Answer: D
4. Which cell type is involved in the secretion thyroglobulin?
a) Principal cell
b) Oxyphil cell
c) Parafollicular cells
d) Follicular cells
Answer: D
5. What connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus?
Pars tuberalis
Infundibulum
Adenohypophysis
Answer: C

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6. Which of the following is not part of the adenohypophysis:
a) Pars intermedia
b) Pars tuberalis
c) Pars distalis
d) Pars nervosa
Answer: D
7. What cell type secretes prolactin:
a) Lactotropic cells
b) Thyrotropic cells
c) Somatotropic cells
d) Corticotropic cells
Answer: A
8. Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil:
a) Gonadotropic cells
b) bCorticotropic cells
c) Thyrotropic cells
d) Lactotropic cells
Answer: D
9. Which cell type is also called C cells:
a) Principal cell
b) Oxyphil cell
c) Parafollicular cells
d) Follicular cells
Answer: C
10. Which of the following is not part of the neurohypophysis:
a) Median eminence
b) Pars distalis
c) Pars nervosa
d) Infundibular stalk
Answer: B
11. Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil:
a) Corticotropic cells
b) Thyrotropic cells
c) Gonadotropic cells
d) None of the above
Answer: D

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12. Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil:
a) Thyrotropic cells
b) Lactotropic cells
c) Somatotropic cells
d) None of the above
Answer: A
13. Which gland secretes T3?
a) Pancreas
b) Thyroid
c) Pineal gland
d) Adrenal gland (cortex)
Answer: B
14. What is another term for the anterior lobe of the pituitary?
a) Pars intermedia
b) Pars tuberalis
c) Pars distalis
d) Pars nervosa
Answer: C
15. Regarding contents of the pars nervosa which is incorrect:
a) The unmyelinated axons have cell bodies in the hypothalamus
b) Pitucytes Support the axons of the pars nervosa
c) Herring Bodies have accumulation of neurosecretory granules at axon
termini
d) Numerous schwan cells can be found
Answer: D
16. The supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus is believed to
controlsecretion of which of the following hormones:
a) Antidiuretic hormone
b) Oxytocin
c) Growth hormone
d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Answer: A

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17. Which one of the following hormones is secreted by the
posteriorpituitary gland :
a) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
b) Oxytocin
c) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
d) Prolactin
Answer: B
18. Regarding the hpoythalamic-hypophysial portal vessels :
a) The secondary capillary plexus form the long hypophyseal portal vessels
b) The primary capillary plexus forms the short hypophyseal portal vessels
c) The blood supply of the anterior pituitary is mostly venous blood
d) They provide most of the blood supply to the posterior lobe
Answer: C
19. Regarding the blood supply of the pars distalis, which one is incorrect:
a) Superior hypophoseal artery gives the extensive primary capillary plexus
b) The plexus is drained by pituitary portal veins
c) The capillaries of both plexuses are fenestrated
d) Originates from the posterior hypophoseal artery
Answer: D
20. Regarding the follicles of the thyroid gland:
a) Lined by simple squamous epithelium
b) The majority of cells are parafollicular cells
c) Parafollicular cells are the larger cells of the follicle
d) Follicles are devoid of basal lamina
Answer: C
21. Regarding clear cells of the thyroid gland:
a) Do not reach the lumen of the follicle
b) Found in clusters most of the time
c) Their numbers are low compared to principal cells
d) All of the above
Answer: D

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22. Which of the following structures found in pars nervosa:
a) Pituicyte
b) Myelinated axons
c) Cell bodies of nerve cells
d) Portal circulation
Answer: A
23. Which of the following structures participate in hypophyseal portal
circulation:
a) Inferior hypophyseal artery
b) Pars nervosa
c) Median eminence
d) Herring bodies
Answer: C

24. Which of the following features is observed in thyroid follicle:

a) Its lumen contains acidophilic material
b) Its wall is formed of stratified epithelium
c) Its lumen contains fenestrated blood capillaries
d) Its lumen contains few parafollicular cells
Answer: A

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 PHYSOLOGY

1. Which one of the following factors inhibit thyroxine release :

a. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
b. Cold climate
c. Low level of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
d. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
Answer: C
2. Which one of the following hormones has the greatest effect on basal
metabolic rate:
a. Growth hormone
b. Cortisol
c. Somatostatin
d. Thyroxine
Answer: D
3. All of the following are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine except:
a. Thyroxine
b. Triiodo thyronine
c. Glucagon
d. Epinephrine
Answer: C
4. Which of the following is a glycoprotein in nature:
a. Growth hormone
b. Anti diuretic hormone
c. Acetylcholine
d. Thyroid stimulating hormone
Answer: D
5.Thyroid gland :
a. Not present in all vertebrates
b. Functional units is called follicles
c. Follicular cells secrete principally T3
d. Inactive cells tend to be columnar
Answer: B

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6. Factors increases thyroxine binding globulins are:
a. Pregnancy
b. Cirrhosis if the liver
c. Nephritic syndrome
d. Myxedema
Answer: A
7. Which one of the following gland stores its own secretory products:
a. Thyroid gland
b. Parathyroid gland
c. Pituitary gland
d. Adrenal gland
Answer: A
8. Factors increases T3 and T4 secretion are :
a. Excitement
b. Anxiety
c. Negative feedback by excessive T3 and T4
d. Lack of iodine
Answer: E
9. T3 and T4 are important for :
a. Mental development
b. Physical growth
c. Sexual maturation
d. Normal reproduction
e. All of the above
Answer: E
10. Thyroid hormone decreases:
a. Rate of absorption of carbohydrates
b. Circulating cholesterol levels
c. O2 consumption in almost all metabolically active tissue
d. Nitrogen excretion
Answer: B
11. Thyroid hormone increases all of the following except:
a. Heart rate
b. Venous return
c. Cardiac output

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d. Blood volume
e. Blood pressure and mean arterial pressure
Answer: E
12. Thyroid hormone stored in the lumen of follicles is in theform of :
a. Free T3
b. Free T4
c. Attached to thyroglobulin in the gland
d. Attached to thyroid binding globulin
Answer: C
13.Thyroid binding globulins are normal in:
a. hyperthyroidism
b. pregnancy
c. parents treated with glucocorticoids
d. parents treated with estrogens
Answer: A
14 . In starvation which of the following is reduced :
a. plasma T4
b. plasma T3
c. reverse tri-iodothyroxine
d. D thyroxine
Answer: B
15. The metabolic rate is least affected by an increase in the plasma levels
of :
a. TSH
b. TRH
c. TBG
d. none of the above
Answer: C

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16. The coupling of mono iodotyrosine and di-iodotyrosine andthe
iodination of thyroglobin is blocked by:
a. TSH
b. TRH
c. iodine
d. thiocarbamides such as propylthiouracil
Answer: D
17. Thyroid hormones:
a. Are free (unbounded) to plasma proteins.
b. Produced their effect on target cells by causing gene expression.
c. Inhibit glucose absorption.
d. Are only regulated by the hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone.
Answer: B
18. Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a
manner similar to:
a. Insulin, because insulin is a small peptide.
b. Steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells.
c. Growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid
hormone.
d. Glucagon, because the structure of the glucagon is similar to that of
thyroid hormone.
Answer: B
19. The colloid is made mainly of:
a. Ca
b. MIT
c. DIT
d. Thyroglobin
Answer: D

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20. Which one of the following is the most secreted hormone:
a.T4
b.T3
c.MIT
d. DIT
Answer: A
21. Which one of the following is the most active thyroid hormone:
a.DIT
b.T4
c.MIT
d.T3
Answer: D
22. Regarding the regulation of thyroid secretion:
a.T4 & T3 will have a positive feedback on the hypothalamus
b.T4 & T3 will have a negative feedback on the anterior pituitary
c.T4 & T3 will have a negative feedback on the posterior pituitary
d.T4 & T3 will have a negative feedback on the thyroid
Answer: B
23. Iodides are stored in the thyroid follicles mainly in the form of
a.T4
b.Thyroglobulin
c.MIT
d.DIT
Answer: B
24. The basal metabolic rate increases with
a.Anxiety
b.Reduced environmental temperature
c.Increased environmental temperature
d.Body surface area
Answer: D

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25. When a person is in the fasting state:
a. Liver glycogen levels are increased
b. The excretion of urea in the urine decreases
c. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) decreases
d. Glucose is the only fuel used by the central nervous system
Answer: C
26. Compared with the resting state, during prolonged exercise, the
caloric needs of skeletal muscle are met by :
a. Release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue
b. An increase in hepatic glycogenolysis
c. An increase in gluconeogenesis in muscle
d. Increased intestinal uptake of glucose and amino acids
Answer: B
27. Regarding the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which one of the
following is TRUE :
a. It is totally intracellular
b. It is totally extracellular
c. It is partially intracellular and partially extracellular
d. None of the above
Answer: C
28. Regarding the Na/I cotransport pump, which one of the following is
FALSE:
a. Low levels of I- stimulate the pump
b. It is inhibited by thiocyanate
c. High levels of I- stimulate the pump
d. It’s called Iodine trap
Answer: C

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29. Regarding Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG), choose the CORRECT
answer:
a. It increases in hepatic failure
b. Estrogen increases the level of TBG
c. High TBG levels indicate more unboubd (free) thyroid hormones
d. Low TBG levels stimulate the production of T3 and T4
Answer: B
30. T4 is converted to T3 in the target tissues by the action of :
a. Thyroid peroxidase
b. 21-hydroxylase
c. 5’-iodinase
d. Protease
Answer: C
31. During the fetal life, TSH is secreted in:
a. Week 13
b. Immediately after birth
c. Week 7
d. Day 24
Answer: A
32. The negative feedback on TRH is mediated by :
a. Bound T4
b. Free T3
c. High levels of TBG
d. High levels of Iodine
Answer: B
33. One of the effect of thyroid hormones is increased oxygen
consumption by increasing which one of the following :
a. Body temperature
b. Glucose absorption
c. Beta-adrenergic receptors
d. Na/K ATPase
Answer: D

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34. The majority effects of thyroid hormones is :
a. Anabolic
b. Catabolic
c. Both anabolic and catabolic
d. None of the above
Answer: B
35. Thyroid hormones mainly interact in autonomic nervous system with:
a. Sympathetic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic nervous system
c. They do not interact with autonomic nervous system
d. None of the above
Answer: A
36. All of the following is true regarding thyroid function test except:
a. TSH measurement is the first line of treatment
b. In hypothyroidism TSH levels are low
c. T4 levels are used to monitor anti-thyroid treatment
d. T3 levels are used for earlier identification of thyrotoxicosis
Answer: B
37. Which one of the following hormones has the greatest effect on basal
metabolic rate:
a) Growth hormone
b) Cortisol
c) Somatostatin
d) Thyroxine
Answer: D
38. Which one the following factors inhibit thyroxine hormone realease:
a. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
b. Cold climate
c. Low level of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
d. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
Answer: C

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39. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by
a. Anorexia
b. Increased basal metabolic rate
c. Bradycardia
d. Increased weight gain
e. Decreased sweating
Answer: B
40. A person with hypothyroidism would exhibit
a. Tachycardia
b. Increased metabolic rate
c. Heat intolerance
d. Sleepiness
Answer: D
41. Which one of the following is a feature of grave's disease:
a. Myxedema
b. Exophthalmos
c. Decreased heart rate
d. Increased musculature
Answer: B
42. Which one of the following laboratory results will be expacted in
secondary hypothyrosisim:
a. High T3 – high T4 - low TSH
b. High T3 – low T4 - low TSH
c. Low T3 – low T4 - low TSH
d. Low T3 – high T4 - high TSH
Answer: C

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43. Paracrine communication refers to interactions between cells
resulting from:
a. Direct contact of cells at tight junction
b. Transmission of mechanical forces via extracellular filaments
c. Release of chemical mediators in localized synaptic junctions
d. Release and diffusions of chemical mediators through extracellular fluids
to target cells
Answer: D
44. The supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus is believed to control
secretion of which of the following hormones ?
a. Antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin)
b. Oxytocin
c. Growth hormone
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Answer: A
45. The secretion of growth hormone is increased by:
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Exercise
c. Somatostatin
d. Hypothermia
e. Free fatty acid
Answer: B
46. Which one of the following statements about prolactin is correct?
a. Prolactin initiates ovulation
b. Prolactin causes milk ejection during suckling
c. Prolactin inhibits the growth of breast tissue
d. Prolactin secretion is tonically inhibited by the hypothalamus
e. Prolactin secretion is increased by dopamine
Answer: D

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47. Regarding the mechanism of steroid hormones:
a. They act slowly through nuclear receptor s
b. They quickly through cell surface receptors
c. They utilize the adenyly cyclase and phospholipase C
d. They do not cross the cell membrane
Answer: A
48. Regarding the Hormones, which one of the following is correct:
a. They are categorised into 4 classes: peptides, steroids, amines and
proteins
b. Neural substances
c. Most of them are peptide in nature
d. None of the above
Answer: C
49. Regarding the steroid hormone synthesis:
a. They are synthesized in hypothalamus
b. They are secreted from pituitary gland
c. They are derivatives of cholesterol
d. All of the above
Answer: D
50. Regarding the regulation of hormone secretion:
a. Neural mechanisms are more common than feedback mechanisms
b. Positive feedback represents most of the feedbacks of hormones
c. The primary example of negative feedback is the effect of Estrogen on
FSH and LH
d. Negative feedback is self-limiting and positive feedback is self-
augmenting
Answer: D

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51. Regarding the mechanism of hormone actions, which one is correct:
a. G proteins are monomeric
b. GDP activates G proteins
c. Gs and Gi proteins represent, respectively, stimulatory and inhibitory G
proteins
d. GTP is bound to the Beta subunit of G protein to activate it
Answer: C
52. The second messenger for adenylyl cyclase mechanism is:
a. IP3 \ Ca+2
b. G protein
c. cAMP
d. protein kinase
Answer: C
53. The secretion of growth hormone is increased by:
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Exercise
c. Somatostatin
d. Hypothermia
Answer: B
54. Which one of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior
pituitary gland?
a. Anti diuretic hormone
b. Adrenocorticotrophin hormone
c. Testosterone
d. Calcitonin
Answer: B
55. All of the following are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine except:
a. Thyroxine
b.Triiodo thyronine
c. Glucagon
d. Epinephrine
Answer: C

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56. Which one of the following statements about prolactin is correct?
a. Prolactin causes milk ejection during suckling
b. Prolactin inhibits the growth of breast tissue
c. Prolactin secretion is tonically inhibited by the hypothalamus
d. Prolactin secretion is increased by dopamine
Answer: C
57. Correct statements about human growth hormone include which of
the following?
a. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus
b. It stimulates production of somatomedins by the liver
c. Its release is stimulated by somatostatin
d. It causes a decrease in lipolysis
Answer: B
58. The basic effects of growth hormone on body metabolism include:
a. Decreasing the rate of protein synthesis
b. Increasing the rate of use of carbohydrate
c. Increasing the use of fats for energy
d. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1
Answer: C
59. A patient is diagnosed with acromegaly. Patients with this disease
typically have:
a. Decreased gluconeogenesis
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Insulin resistance
d. Decreased protein synthesis
Answer: C
60. Prolactin secretion is tonically suppressed in nonpregnant women by:
a. Estrogens
b. Progesterone
c. Dopamine
d. FSH
Answer: C

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61. Growth hormone excess causes
a. Acromegaly in children
b. Increased utilization of glucose by the cells
c. Gigantism, if not occurs before epiphysis are closed
d. Hypoglycaemia
Answer: C
62. Excess release of ACTH will lead to
a. ↓ CRH
b. Atrophy of the adrenal gland
c. Addison’s disease
Answer: C
63. Hypopituitarism is characterized by
a. Infertility
b. Intolerance to heat
c. Weight loss
d. Excessive growth of the soft tissue
Answer: A
64. The supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus is believed to control
secretion of which of the following hormones :
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Oxytocin
c. Growth hormone
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Answer: A
65. Which one of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior
pituitary gland:
a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
b. Oxytocin
c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
d. Prolactin
Answer: B

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66. The hormone involved in the ejection of milk from a lactating
mammary gland is:
a. Prolactin
b. Growth hormone
c. FSH
d. Oxytocin
Answer: D
67. The peptide precursor for ADH is:
a. Prepro-oxyphysin
b. Prepropressophysin
c. POMC
d. None of the above
Answer: B
68. Mechanism of action of ADH:
a. Insertion of water channels (pores) into basolateral membrane
b. Insertion of water channels into luminal (apical) membrane
c. Removal of water pores from apical membrane
d. Increased Na+ uptake in DCT
Answer: B
69. Central diabetes insepidus could be a defect in all the following
except:
a. Defect in hypothalamus
b. Defect in pituitary stalk
c. Defect in posterior pituitary
d. Abnormality in the vasopressin-2 receptor
Answer: D
70. Which of the following causes SIADH:
a. Small cell cancer of the lung
b. Pneumonia
c. Drugs
d. All of the above
Answer: D

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71. Prolactin is synthesized by:
a. Somatotrophs
b. Thyrotrophs
c. Lactotrophs
d. Gonadotrophs
Answer: C

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 BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Which one of the following mechanisms best describes the action of

ADH on renal tubules?
a. Production of cAMP
b. Activation of phospholipase C
c. Production of cGMP
d. Enhancing the transcription activity of target gens
Answer: A
2. Which one of the following is an active form of vitamin D?
a. 7-dehydrocholesterol
b. Cholecalciferol
c. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
d. 1,25-dihydrocholeclciferol
Answer: D
3. Which one of the following hormones uses tyrosine kinase mechanism
for its action?
a. LH
b. Insulin
c. TRH
d. Oxytocin
Answer: B
4. Insulin:
a. Inhibits glycogenolysis in the liver
b. Inhibits deposition of fats in adipose tissue
c. Activates the hormone sensitive lipase
d. Maximum insulin response occurs at 175mg/dl
Answer: A

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5. Regarding the mechanism of steroid hormones:
a. They act slowly through nuclear receptor s
b. They quickly through cell surface receptors
c. They utilize the adenyly cyclase and phospholipase C
d. They do not cross the cell membrane
Answer: A
6. Regarding the Hormones, which one of the following is correct:
a. They are categorised into 4 classes: peptides, steroids, amines and
proteins
b. Neural substances
c. Most of them are peptide in nature
d. None of the above
Answer: C
7. Regarding the steroid hormone synthesis:
a. They are synthesized in hypothalamus
b. They are secreted from pituitary gland
c. They are derivatives of cholesterol
d. All of the above
Answer: C
8. Regarding the mechanism of hormone actions, which one is correct:
a. G proteins are monomeric
b. GDP activates G proteins
c. Gs and Gi proteins represent, respectively, stimulatory and inhibitory G
proteins
d. GTP is bound to the Beta subunit of G protein to activate it
Answer: C
9. The second messenger for adenylyl cyclase mechanism is :
a. IP3 \ Ca+2
b. G protein
c. cAMP
d. Protein kinase
Answer: C

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10. The second messenger for phospholipase C mechanism is :
a. Gq protein
b. PIP2
c. IP3 \ Ca+2
d. cAMP
Answer: C
The second messenger for steroid hormones is :
a. cAMP
b. IP3 \ Ca+2
c. Tyrosin kinase
d. None of the above
Answer: D
12. Which of the following is an active form of thyroid hormones?
a. Thyroglobulin-T4
b. ReverseT3 (rT3)
c. Transthyretin-T3
d. Thyroxine (T4)
Answer: D
14. Which one of the following is first line thyroid function?
a. Free T3
b. TSH and total T4
c. Free T4
d. TSH and total T3
Answer: B
14. The negative feedback on TRH is mediated by:
a. Bound T4
b. Free T3
c. High levels of TBG
d. High levels of Iodine
Answer: B

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15. All of the following is true regarding thyroid function test except:
a. TSH measurement is the first line of treatment
b. In hypothyroidism TSH levels are low
c. T4 levels are used to monitor anti-thyroid treatment
d. T3 levels are used for earlier identification of thyrotoxicosis
Answer: B
16. All of the following are causes of hypothyroidism except:
a. Hashimoto’s disease
b. TSH deficiency
c. Grave's disease
d. Severe iodine deficiency
Answer: C
17. All of the following are clinical features of hyperthyroidism except:
a. Weight loss
b. Palpitation
c. Constipation
d. Heat intolerance
Answer: C

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 PATHOLOGY

1. A 55 year old women is found to have diffuse enlargement of thyroid

gland with circulating anti-thyroid antibodies. A partial thyrodictomy is
performed. What is the most likely histological finding:
a. Proliferation of neoplastic cells arranged in papillae with fibrosed
vascular core
b. Thyroid follicles showing hurthle cell changes with infiltration of
lymphocyte and plasma cell
c. Diffuse fibrosis with destruction of thyroid follicles
d. Thyroid follicle of variable size and shapes
Answer: B
2. A 27 old women with feature of hyperthyroidism had thyroid gland
excision, the histological section taken from excised thyroid showing
hyperplastic thyroid follicles lined by columnar cell with papillary
infolding inside the follicles and the colloid. What is the most likely
diagnosed?
a. Nodular goiter
b. Papillary carcinoma
c. Tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma
d. Graves disease
Answer: D
3. Which of the following causes of hypothyroidism is classified as
secondary hypothyroidism:
a. Hashimoto thyroiditis
b. Thyroid dysgenesis
c. Surgical damage
d. Pituitary insufficiency
Answer: D
4. Regarding grave’s disease:
a. Bilateral diffuse enlargement of the gland occurs

35 | MCQ Team
b. Exopthalmous is a common manifestation
c. IgG anti body to TSH receptors are present in the serum
d. All of the above
Answer: D
5. In hashimoto thyroiditis which is correct:
a. Females are affected more than males
b. Gradual thyroid failure by autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
c. Under the microscope hurthel cells are present
d. All of the above
Answer: D
6. Which of the following describes thyroiditis with severe fibrosis and
infiltration:
a. Reidel thyroiditis
b. Arnold-chiari change
c. Oncotic change of hashimoto thyroiditis
d. Infectious thyroiditis
Answer: A
7. A 52 years old women had a thyroid excision. Histological examination
revels a solitary 2 cm encapsulated nodule. What is the histological
feature which would help in differentiation between follicular adenoma
from carcinoma ?
a. Cellular atypia and nuclear pleomorphism
b. Inflammatory infiltration of the neoplasm
c. Capsular and/or vascular invasion
d. The mitotic activity
Answer: C
8. Which one of the following is most common type of malignant thyroid
tumor?
a. Follicular carcinoma
b. Lymphoma
c. Anaplastic carcinoma
d. Papillary carcinoma
Answer: D
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9. Which of the following is commonly associated with clinical picture of
thyrotoxicosis?
a. Hyperfunctional multinodular goiter
b. Medullary thyroid carcinoma
c. Pituitary adenoma
d. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Answer: A
10. Which one of the following thyroid carcinomas that goes first to blood
so it will metastasize in lungs and bones:
a. Follicular carcinoma
b. Medullary carcinoma
c. Anaplastic carcinoma
d. Papillary carcinoma
Answer: A
11. Which one of the following thyroid carcinomas that metastasizes in
lymph nodes:
a. Follicular carcinoma
b. Medullary carcinoma
c. Anaplastic carcinoma
d. Papillary carcinoma
Answer: D

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 PHARMACOLOGY

1. Which of the following is a mechanism of thyiomide?

a. They block release of TRH
b. Inhibit uptake of iodide by thyroid cell
c. They block iodination and coupling of tyrosine in thyroglobulin
d. They inhibit release of thyroxin from thyroid gland
Answer: C
2. In which of the following disease levothyroxine (T4) is the drug of the
choice:
a. Gravese disease
b. Thyroid strom
c. Carcinoma of the thyroid gland
d. Myxoedema
Answer: D
3. Which of the following is used to adjust thyroxine dose in hypothyroid
patient?
a. serum TSH level
b. pulse rate
c. Body weigh
d. serum liothyronine level
Answer: A
4. A pregnant asthmatic woman complained with excessive sweating
anxiety, tremor and loss of weight. She was diagnosed with Grave’s
disease. Which of the following drugs is safest to give such a case?
a. Radioactive iodine therapy
b. Propylthiouracil
c. Methimazole
d. Propranolol
Answer: B

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5. An elderly person was brought to emergency room diagnosed with
hyperthyroid storm. Which of the following would be optimum to cardiac
symptoms in such condition?
a. Propylthiouracil
b. Methimazole
c. Radioactive iodine
d. Propranolol
Answer: D
6. Radioiodines I 131 is suitable for:
a. Elderly patients (over 45 years)
b. Pregnant women
c. Nursing mothers
d. Younger patients
Answer: B
7. A daily administration of large doses of idide to a thyrotoxic patient
causes:
a. Involution of the thyroid which reaches a maximum in two weeks
b. Increased vascularity of the thyroid gland
c. Decreased storage of the colloid in the thyroid gland
d. Thyroid gland growing firm and less vascular
Answer: D
8. Preparation of choice for thyroid replacement?
a. Dessicated thyroid
b. Liothyronine
c. Levothyroxine
d. Propylthiouracil
Answer: C
9. Hyperthyroidism can be treated by all but which one of the following?
a. Triiodothyronine.
b. Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
c. Iodide.
d. Propylthiouracil.
Answer: A
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10. Methimazole reduces serum concentrations of T3 primarily by which
of the following?
a. Accelerating the peripheral metabolisim of T3
b. Inhibit the proteolysis of TBG
c. Inhibits the secretion of TSH
d. Inhibit the uptake of iodide by cells in the Thyroid
e. Prevents the addition of iodine to tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin.
Answer: E
11. Though rare, a serious toxicity associated with thiomides is which of
the following?
a. Torsade de pointes arrhythmia
b. Lupus like syndrome
c. Thrombotic throbocytic purpra (TTP)
d. Agranulocytosis
Answer: D
12. A 65 year old man with multi nodular goiter is scheduled for a near-
total thyroidectomy. Which of the following drugs will be administered
for 10-14 days before surgery to reduce the vascularity of his thyroid
gland?
a. Levothyroxine
b. Liothyronine
c. Potassium iodide
d. Radioactive iodine
e. Predinisone.
Answer: C
13. When initiating T4 therapy for an elderly patient with long standing
hypothyroidism, it is important to begin with small doses to avoid which
of the following?
a. A flare-up of exophthalmos
b. Acute renal failure
c. Seizures
d. Hemolysis
e. Overstimulation of the heart
Answer: E

40 | MCQ Team