Aerodynamics (489) d.

Pressure differential with respect to Pressure at Sea

Level

C
B
The movable rudder usually has an area of _____.
Which of the following is not present in a subsonic
a. 50-60 percent of the horizontal stabilizer
wing?
b. 40-45 percent of the total wing area
a. Induced Drag
c. 60-70 percent of total vertical area
b. Wave Drag
d. double of horizontal stabilizer or half of wing area
c. Parasite Drag

d. Interference Drag
D

At service ceiling the rate of climb of the aircraft is

C
equal to?
Which of the following is categorized as secondary flight
a. zero
controls?
b.100 fps
a. Aileron, Rudders, Trim tabs
c. 200 fps
b. Flaps, Aileron, Elevators
d. 100 fpm
c. Flaps, Spoilers, Trim tabs

d. Trim tabs, Spoilers, Floating Ailerons

C

This principle supports that the pressure on the surface

B
depends on the angle of deflection and upstream
conditions. The center of pressure of a wing is the point where:

A. First Order Theory a. point of rotation

B. Second Order Theory b. resultant forces of lift an drag acts

C. First Order Approximation c. aircraft is balanced

D. Second Order Approximation d. most lift is created

C C

Define what is a Geopotential Altitude Listed here constitute the secondary flight control
system: wing flaps, leading edge devices, trim systems
a. Physical distance between aircraft and reference (e.g.
and _____________________.
Sea Level)
A. rudder.
b. Difference in density with International Standard
Atmosphere (ISA) temperature B. speed brakes.

c. Distance between Center of Earth and parallel C. Spoilers

surfaces around the spherical earth.
D. ailerons.
A c. Lift

The line of disturbance created along the envelope of d. Drag

individual wavelets.

A. Mach line.
D`
B. Normal line.
Which of the following is true about the Bernoulli's
C. Horizontal line. Principle?

D. Straight line. a. dynamic pressure is maximum at stagnation point

b. total pressure is zero when velocity of stream is zero

+2 c. dynamic pressure decreases as static pressure

decreases
C
d. dynamic pressure decreases as static pressure
Yaw is defined as the movement of the longitudinal axis
increases
about which axis?

A. Lateral
A
B. Longitudinal
It is the difference between the geometric and effective
C. Vertical
pitch.
D. Horizon
a. Slip

b. interference
No Answers YetYou still haven't studied these!
c. efficiency
Select these 479
d. resultant pitch
C

Which statement relates to Bernoulli`s principle?

C
a. For every action there is an equal and opposite
On the NACA series airfoil the first digit stands for?
reaction.
a. maximum thickness
b. An additional upward force is generated as the lower
surface of the wing deflects air downward. b. location of camber

c. Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of c. camber

an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
d. airfoil maximum lift
d. Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of
an airfoil causes higher pressure on the top surface.
D

What limits the high airspeed potential of a helicopter?

A
a. harmonic resonance
Which force is not present during gliding?
b. Rotor RPM limitations
a. Thrust
c. induced drag
b. Weight
d. retreating blade stall D

Which of the following controls the direction of

helicopter about the vertical axis?
B
a. Cyclic
Speed of sound is a function of what parameter?
b. Correlator
a. velocity
c. Collective
b. temperature
d. Pedals
c. viscosity

d. none of the above

A

Air passes a normal shock wave. Which of the following

B
statements is correct?
Which statement is correct about the Cl and angle of
a. The temperature increases
attack?
b. The pressure decreases
a. for an asymmetric aerofoil with positive camber, if
angle of attack is greater than 0, Cl = 0 c. The temperature decreases

b. for a symmetric aerofoil, if angle of attack = 0, Cl =0 d. The velocity increases

c. for a symmetric aerofoil, if angle of attack = 0, Cl is

not equal to 0
D
d. for an asymmetric aerofoil, if angle of attack = 0, Cl
When the air has passed through a normal shock wave
=0
the Mach number is

a. lower than before but still greater than 1

C
b. equal to 1
What happens to the value of lift as velocity is doubled?
c. higher than before
a. Doubled
d. less than 1
b. Tripled

c. Quadrupled
C
d. Reduced by half
As altitude increases, the speed of sound?

a. The same
C
b. Increase
It is well known as the asymmetric blade effect.
c. Decrease
a. C - factor
d. Not greater than 1
b. Efficacy ratio

c. P - factor
D
d. Slipstream
What limits the high airspeed potential of a helicopter?
a. harmonic resonance a. Bottom to top

b. Rotor RPM limitations b. Leading edge to trailing edge

c. induced drag c. Tip to root

d. retreating blade stall d. Root to tip

D B

It is the effect by which the force applied only occurs 90 When you lower your flaps, you:
degrees from the point application.
a. Decrease wing camber
a. rigidity in space
b. Decrease stall speed
b. Translational lift
c. Decrease lift
c. conservation of momentum
d. Decrease drag
d. Gyroscopic precession

D
A
When you retract your flaps, you immediately
The lift- and drag forces, acting on a wing cross section Decrease:

a. Depends on the pressure distribution about the wing a. Lift

cross section.
b. Drag
b. Is normal to each other at just one angle of attack.
c. Camber
c. Is proportional to each other, independent of angle of
d. All of the above
attack.

d. Varies linearly with the angle of attack.

D

The difference between IAS and TAS will:

D
a. Increase at decreasing temperature
On standard atmosphere, as temperature increases,
density ______? b. Increase at increasing air density.
a. The same c. Decrease at increasing speed.
b. Is constant d. Decrease at decreasing altitude.
c. Increases

d. Decreases C

Is a process which is both adiabatic and reversible?

a. Isobaric
D b. Isometric
If your aircraft has wing washout, it is designed to stall c. Isentropic
from the?
d. Isochoric c. % camber

d. % chord

Which of the following statements about stall speed is C

correct?
"A line connecting the leading- and trailing edge
a. Decreasing the angle of sweep of the wing will midway between the upper and lower surface of a
decrease the stall speed aerofoil". This definition is applicable for :

b. Increasing the angle sweep of the wing will decrease a. The Mean aerodynamic chord
the stall speed
b. The upper camber line
c. Use of a T-tail will decrease the stall speed
c. The camber line
d. Increasing the anhedral of the wing will decrease the
d. The chord line
stall speed

D
A
Compared with an oblique shock wave at the
The additional increase in drag at mach no.
same Mach number a normal shock wave has a:
above the critical Mach no. is due to:
a. Higher expansion
a. Wave drag
b. Smaller compression
b. Increase angle of attack
c. Smaller expansion
c. Increased interference drag
d. Higher compression
d. Increased skin friction drag

B
A
Increasing the no. of propeller blades will:
When the air is passing through a shock wave the static
temperature will: a. Decrease the torque in the propeller shaft at max
power
a. Increase
b. Increase the max absorption of power
b. Decrease
c. Increase the prop efficiency
c. Stay constant
d. Increase the noise level at max power
d. Decrease and beyond a certain mach no. start
increasing again

C
D The critical angle of attack:
The relative thickness of an aerofoil is expressed in: a. Decrease if the CG is moved aft
a. Camber b. Changes with an increase in gross weight
b. Meters c. Remains unchanged regardless of the gross weight
d. Increase if the CG is moved FWD

A Which of the following is a glider?

Air passes a normal shock wave. Which of the following a. Zenith S-5
statement is correct?
b. Zeppelin
a. The temperature increases
c. F/A - 18
b. The pressure decreases
d. DG 1001
c. The temperature decreases

d. The velocity increases

A

It is the sum of the gage pressure and atmospheric

D pressure.

Ground effect has the following influence on the a. Absolute pressure

landing
b. Gage pressure
a. Decreases
c. Vacuum pressure
b. Does not change
d. Plenum pressure
c. Increase only if the landing flaps are fully extended

d. Increases
D

Atmosphere is made of _________ of Argon.

C
a. 20.94 percent
Which of the following flight phenomena can happen at
b. 78.08 percent
Mach Numbers below the critical Mach number?
c. 0.001 percent
a. Mach buffet
d. 0.94 percent
b. Shock stall

c. Dutch roll
B
d. Tuck under
It refers to the varying of wing chord using a uniform
airfoil section.
A
a. Airfoil Tapering
At an airplane's minimum drag speed, the ratio
b. Planform Tapering
between induced drag and profile drag (Di/Dp) is _____
c. Section Tapering
a. 1
d. Thickness Taperring
b. 1/3

c. 1/2
C
d. 3
The force perpendicular to the chord of an airfoil is C
commonly referred as _________.
The control surfaces for producing or regulating roll
a. lift force about the longitudinal axis are the _____.

b. drag force a. elevators

c. normal force b. trim tabs

d. axial force c. ailerons

d. rudder and flaps

Which of the following is not true regarding power A

required?
Ailerons' chord are commonly measured _____.
a. Power required greater at low density - altitude.
a. 20 to 33 percent of the wing chord
b. Power required varies directly to the airspeed.
b. 15 to 30 percent of the wing chord
c. Power required increases as the value of airspeed
c. 12 to 15 percent of the wing chord
increases.
d. 20 to 25 percent of the wing chord
d. Power required is always greater than power
available.

B
A In a twin-engine airplane, one mounted on each wing,
the torque reaction is _____.
To ensure safety during take-off, lift-off velocity should
be _____. a. neutralized
a. 20 percent greater than stalling speed b. doubled
b. 30 percent greater than stalling speed c. four times less
c. 15 percent greater than stalling speed d. four times greater
d. equal to the stalling speed

A
A What is the consequence of having too much lateral
stability?
Which of the following is true regarding radius of turn
during level coordinated flight? a. During crosswind, landing is extremely difficult.
a. The greater the weight, the wider the turn will be. b. During tailwind, landing is extremely difficult.
b. The greater the angle of bank, the wider the turn will c. Tendency of sideslip will be eliminated.
be.
d. Increase of airplane's efficiency.
c. The greater the wing area, the wider the turn will be.

d. The higher the angle of attack, the wider the turn will
be. A
Across an oblique shockwave, which of the following is c. skidding
true?
d. porpoising
a. Tangential component of velocity in front of and
behind the wave are equal.
A
b. Tangential component of velocity in front is greater
than the velocity behind the wave. Intentional one-engine inoperative speed is a minimum
speed selected by the manufacturer for intentionally
c. Tangential component of velocity behind is greater
rendering one engine inoperative in flight for pilot
than the velocity in front the wave.
training.
d. Normal component of velocity behind is greater than
a. VSSE
the velocity in front the wave.
b. VON

c. VNE
A
d. VAT1
On what instance does negative pressure coefficient
occurs?

a. When local velocity is higher than freestream B

velocity.
It refers to the demonstrated ratio of the change in
b. When the dynamic pressure is twice the pressure height during a portion in climb in still air.
difference.
a. Lapse Rate
c. When the freestream velocity is higher than local
velocity. b. Climb Gradient

d. When the local pressure is greater than freestream c. Height Differential

pressure. d. Height Slope

C A
The average force exerted upon a unit area of surface The distance between the wings of a biplane is properly
by the bombardment due to random thermal motion of termed as _____.
molecules of air or any other fluid is known as _____.
a. gap
a. dynamic pressure
b. decalage
b. atmospheric pressure
c. stagger
c. static pressure
d. cathedral
d. gage pressure

C
A
By changing the angle of attack of the wing, the pilot
Too much angle of bank during a level turning flight may can control the airplane's _____.
cause _____.
a. lift and drag
a. slipping
b. lift and induced drag
b. blanketing
c. lift, drag, and airspeed b. operating at high altitude

d. induced drag c. using high power setting

d. operating at high airspeed

What is the primary function of an exhaust cone of a A

turbine engine?
The angle of attack of a wing directly controls _____..
a. Align the exhaust gases to develop an efficient power.
a. distribution of pressure acting on the wing
b. Collect and convert exhaust gasses into a solid high-
b. dynamics acting on the airflow of the wing
velocity exhaust jet.
c. angle of incidence of the wing
c. Collect and convert exhaust gasses into a solid low-
velocity exhaust vapor. d. amount of airflow below and above the wing
d. Straighten the swirling exhaust gasses.

C
D What flight condition should be expected when an
aircraft leaves ground effect?
Higher induced angle of attack can be obtained by using
_____. a. Increase in dynamic stability.
a. lower taper ratio B. Decrease in induced drag and a requirement of lower
angle of attack.
b. larger wing area
C. Increase in induced drag and a requirement of higher
c. higher wing aspect ratio
angle of attack.
d. lower wing aspect ratio
d. Decrease in parasite drag permitting a lower angle of
attack.

Which of the following best describes the wings with C

higher aspect ratio?
Which of the following conditions will an aircraft
a. Lower wing-lift curve slope. experience the greatest stress?

b. Steeper wing-lift curve slope. a. Climbing flight

c. Same wing lift-curve slope with infinite wing. b. Level flight

d. Aspect ratio doesn't affect wing lift-curve slope. c. Turning flight

d. Gliding flight

Hazardous vortex turbulence that might be D

encountered behind large aircraft is created only when
A 22,240-pound airplane has an excess power of 56
the aircraft is _____.
kWatts at sea level and a service ceiling of 3.66
a. producing lift kilometers. Calculate its rate of climb at absolute
ceiling.
a. 30.49 inches per minute b. Autorotation

b. 100 ft. per minute c. Flapping

c. 58.76 meters per minute d. Porpoising

d. 0 inches per minute

C In propeller design, which of the following condition has

the highest propeller efficiency?
When an airplane is at constant altitude bank, the stall
speed will _____. a. Greater thrust, shorter propeller diameter, greater
RPM
a. remain the same as level flight condition.
b. Greater power, longer propeller diameter, less RPM
b. increase as the square of the load factor
c. Greater thrust, shorter propeller diameter, less RPM
c. increase as the square root of the angle of bank
d. Greater power, longer propeller diameter, greater
d. decrease as the square root of the load factor
RPM

A
D
At higher altitude, stall speed will _____.
Which of the following is associated to permanent
a. increase structural deformation of one or more parts of an
airplane?
b. decrease
a. Maneuvering load factor
c. remain constant
b. Gust load factor
d. stay constant until it reaches tropopause
c. Ultimate load factor

d. Limit load factor

A

Rotor system which have a horizontal hinge at the base

of the blades that allow flapping as they rotate. C

a. Semi-rigid Which statement relates to Bernoulli`s principle?

b. Rigid a. For every action there is an equal and opposite

reaction.
c. Fully-articulated
b. An additional upward force is generated as the lower
d. Horizontal flapping assembly surface of the wing deflects air downward.

c. Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of

B an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.

The process of producing lift with the rotor blades d. Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of
moving freely from a flow of air up through the rotor an airfoil causes higher pressure on the top surface
system.

a. Feathering A
The term `angle of attack` is defined as the angle When a fluid travels through a tube which contains a
between the venturi, at the point of the restriction, the fluid:

a. chord line of the wing and the relative wind. a. slows down

b. airplane`s center line and the relative wind. b. create vacuum

c. airplane`s longitudinal axis and that of the air striking c. reduce pressure
the airfoil.
d. heats up
d. wing chord line and aircraft's longitudinal axis.

C
A
Lift is proportional to speed. Which of the following
In what flight condition are torque effects more would give the same lift as low airspeed and high angle
pronounced in a single-engine airplane? of attack?

a. Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack. a. low airspeed and low AOA

b. Low airspeed, low power, low angle of attack. b. High airspeed and high AOA

c. High airspeed, high power, high angle of attack. c. high airspeed and low AOA

d. High airspeed, low power, high angle of attack. d. low airspeed and high AOA

A C

What is one purpose of wing flaps? The aspect ratio of a wing is calculated by:

a. To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a a. wing area divided by wing span
landing without increasing the airspeed.
b. wing span divided by wing thickness
b. To relieve the pilot of maintaining continuous
c. wing span divided by chord
pressure on the controls.
d. wing area divided by wing chord
c. To decrease wing area to vary the lift.

d. to reduce landing roll

A

When the angle of attack of a wing is increased the

C
center of pressure moves:
Which force is not present during gliding?
a. forward
a. lift
b. backward
b. drag
c. constant
c. Thrust
d. everywhere
d. Weight

B
C
At the point of a wing stall:
a. Lift increases, drag decreases d. humidity

b. Lift decreases, drag increases

c. Lift increases, drag increases C

d. Lift decreases, drag decreases It is line from the leading edge up to the trailing of the
airfoil that is equidistant from the lower and upper
surface.
B
a. Chord
Induced drag can be reduced by:
b. thickness line
a. Shiny surfaces
c. mean camber line
b. High aspect ratio wings
d. camber
c. Fewer (or thinner) lines or wires

d. Flying at minimum sink

A

When a blade flaps up, its CG will shift closer to the hub
A giving the blade a tendency to?

Parasitic drag has the property of: a. speed up

a. Squaring with speed b. slow down

b. Doubling with speed c. stop

c. squaring with lift d. has no effect

d. Doubling with lift

B

B The primary purpose of a tail rotor system is?

Lowering temperature and/or pressure has the a. maintain flight heading

following effect on the altitude reading on an altimeter:
b. counteract effect of torque
a. The indicated height is lower than actual height.
c. assist in turns
b. The indicated height is higher than actual height
d. stabilize helicopters longitudinal axis
c. The indicated height is accurate

d. The altimeter is completely inaccurate

C

At zero angle of attack, a symmetrical wing section will

C produce?

The speed of sound in the atmosphere changes with? a. positive lift

a. pressure b. negative lift

b. visibility c. zero lift

c. temperature d. positive or negative depending on camber thickness

 C

D During climb the rate of climb is dependent on?

Which of the following is true about the Bernoulli's a. thrust available

Principle?
b. excess thrust
a. dynamic pressure is maximum at stagnation point
c. excess power
b. total pressure is zero when velocity of stream is zero
d. thrust required
c. dynamic pressure decreases as static pressure
decreases
D
d. dynamic pressure decreases as static pressure
increases The critical angle of attack?

a. changes with location of CG

C b. changes with gross weight
Which of the following is true about boundary layer? c. depends on velocity
a. turbulent boundary layer is thinner d. remains unchanged regardless of gross weight
b. turbulent will separate more quickly than laminar

c. turbulent has more kinetic energy than laminar D

d. turbulent gives more skin friction Which airplane design has the highest probability of
super stall?

a. V tail
D
b. swept wing
It is the mass of helicopter divided by area of rotor
blades. c. canard
a. solidity d. T Tail
b. wing loading

c. blade loading D
d. disc loading Which of the following is the disadvantage of increasing
propeller blades.

a. higher tip speed

B
b. less power absorbed by the propeller
The maximum glide distance of an aircraft is obtained
when? c. increase noise
a. induced drag equals lift d. decrease propeller efficiency
b. parasite and induced drag are equal

c. parasite is greater than induced drag B

d. parasite drag equals lift Air passes a normal shockwave. Which of the following
statement is true?
a. pressure increases d. maximum speed

b. temperature increases

c. velocity increases B

d. temperature decreases Differential aileron deflection?

a. required to achieve full bank

A b. equals the drag of left and right aileron

Winglets will? c. required to make total lift constant

a. decrease induced drag d. increases CLmax

b. increase maneuverability

c. decrease parasite drag A

d. increase lateral stability Induced drag can be reduced by:

a. Increasing with speed

A b. Increasing with lift

The boundary layer of the wing is caused by? c. Decreasing with speed

a. layer of the wing in which stream velocity is lower d. Decreasing with lift
than free stream velocity, due to friction

b. Normal Shockwave
B
c. turbulent stream
This is the upward coning of the rotor blades resulting
d. difference in air viscosity from combined forces of lift and centrifugal force.

a. flapping

C b. coning

One method of increasing critical Mach number is to? c. inertia

a. increase wing dihedral d. slapping

b. increase wing airfoil thickness

c. make wing airfoil thinner D

d. increase wing taper ratio What limits the high airspeed potential of a helicopter?

a. harmonic resonance

B b. Rotor RPM limitations

What does the red line on an airspeed indicator c. induced drag

represent?
d. retreating blade stall
a. Maneuvering speed.

b. Never-exceed speed.
B
c. Turbulent or rough-air speed.
This is a helicopter condition wherein the advancing Under which conditions will the rate of flow of fluid
blade produces more thrust than the retreating blade? through a metering orifice (or jet) be the greatest (all
other factors being equal)?
a. translational lift
a. Unmetered pressure - 18 PSI, metered pressure - 17.5
b. dissymmetry of lift
PSI, atmospheric pressure - 14.5 PSI
c. gyroscopic precession
b. Unmetered pressure - 23 PSI, metered pressure - 12
d. translating tendency PSI, atmospheric pressure - 14.3 PSI

c. Unmetered pressure - 17 PSI, metered pressure - 5

PSI, atmospheric pressure - 14.7 PSI
C

The following unit of measurement kg-m/s2

C
is equivalent to
Which condition is the actual amount of water vapor in
a. Joule a mixture of air and water?
b. Watt a. Relative humidity
c. Newton b. Dew point
d. Pascal c. Absolute humidity

B B
Increasing the number of propeller blades will? Which will weigh the least?
a. decrease torque in propeller shaft a. 98 parts of dry air and 2 parts of water vapor
b. increase maximum absorption power b. 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapor
c. increase propeller efficiency c. 50 parts of air and 50 parts of water vapor
d. decrease propeller noise

C
B If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an
Which statement converning Bernoulli's principle is airplane wing, a likely result will be
true? a. Decreased lift in the area of installation at high angles
a. The pressure of a fluid increases at points where the of attack
velocity of the fluid increases. b. Asymmetrical lateral control at low angles of attack
b. The pressure of a fluid decreases at points where the c. Asymmetrical lateral control at or near stall angles of
velocity of the fluid increases. attack
c. It applies only to gases.

B
C Which is the ratio of the water vapor actually present in
the atmosphere to the amount the would be present if
the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature c. increase lift coefficient of the wing
and pressure?

a. Absolute humidity
B
b. Relative humidity
A wing with a very high aspect ratio (in comparison with
c. Dew point a low aspect ratio wing) will have

a. Increased drag at high angles of attack

C b. A low stall speed

Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true c. Poor control qualities at low airspeed
landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?

a. Low temperature with low humidity

A
b. High temperature with low humidity
An increase in the speed at which an airfoil passes
c. High temperature with high humidity through the air increases lift because

a. The increased speed of the airflow creates a greater

pressure differential between the upper and lower
B
surfaces.
What is absolute humidity?
b. The increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser
a. The temperature to which humid air must be cooled pressure differential between the upper and lower
at constant pressure to become saturated. surfaces.

b. The actual amount of water vapor in a mixture of air c. The increased velocity of the relative wind increases
and water. the angle of attack

c. The ratio of the water vapor actually present in the

atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the
C
air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and
pressure. The purpose of stall strips on airplane wings is to

a. Increase lift in the areas of installation

A b. Prevent stall in the areas of installation

The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at c. Ensure that the wing root areas stall first
constant pressure to become saturated is called

a. Dew point
A
b. Absolute humidity
Horsepower measured simply from the power produced
c. Relative humidity by moving the pistons

a. Indicated horsepower

A b. brake horsepower

The purpose of aircraft wing dihedral is to c. friction horsepower

a. Increase lateral stability d. propeller horsepower

b. increase longitudinal stability

A a. Pressure distribution and Shear stress distribution

Due to friction along the connections of engine b. Lift and Drag Distribution
components such as gears, lobes, shafts and any
c. Thrust and weight distribution
mechanical transmission would tend to
d. Thermal and age distribution
a. reduce the power being transmitted

b. increase the power being transmitted

A
c. multiply the power being transmitted
In the equation CD = Cdo + Cdi , Cdo is
d. noting happen to the power being transmitted
a. Profile Drag Coefficient

b. Induced Drag Coefficient

C
c. Wake Drag Coefficient
IHP minus BHP is
d. Structural Drag Coefficient
a. indicated horsepower

b. brake horsepower
A
c. friction horsepower
Minimum Thrust Required is achieved when
d. propeller horsepower
a. Max Aerodynamic Efficiency

b. Min Aerodynamic Efficiency

C
c. Minimum Power Required
In the equation HP = PLANK/33000, N is
d. Maximum Power Available
a. Mean effective pressure

b. Stroke in feet
A
c. Working strokes per minute
qSCdo is known as
d. number of cylinders
a. Parasite thrust required

b. Induced thrust required

A
c. Parasite power required
Mean Effective Pressure simply mean
d. Induced power required
a. the amount of pressure present inside a cylinder

b. the amount of pressure present outside a cylinder

A
c. the amount of pressure present on the shaft
Thrust Required is associated with weight and velocity
d. the amount of pressure present in the manifold
while Thrust Available is associated with

a. The engine
A
b. The design of the airplane
Aerodynamic forces and moments exerted on a body
c. Lift and drag produced
moving through a fluid stem from two sources:
d. None of the above The formula (n/c)(CL/CD)(ln(Wo/Wl)) is for

a. range of a reciprocating engine powered airplane

A b. endurance of a reciprocating engine powered

airplane
Aerodynamic condition that holds Power Required
minimum, Cdo must be c. range of a jet engine powered airplane

a. A third of Cdi d. endurance of a jet engine powered airplane

b. Half of Cdi

c. Twice of Cdi A

d. Thrice of Cdi In order to ensure a margin of safety during take-off the

lift-off velocity is typically ___ higher than the stalling
velocity
A
a. 20%
The higher the L/D
b. 25%
a. Shallower the glide
c. 30%
b. Steeper the glide
d. 35%
c. The lesser the glide range

d. The lesser the glide endurance

A

For the maneuvering performance of airplanes, it is

D advantageous to have the smallest r and the smallest w
obtainable by
The altitude at which the max R.C. = 0 is the
a. Have the highest load factor and the lowest possible
a. Service ceiling velocity
b. Landing Run b. Have the lowest load factor and the highest possible
c. Take-off run velocity

d. Absolute Ceiling c. Have the highest load factor and the highest possible
velocity

d. Have the lowest load factor and the lowest possible

A velocity
The altitude at which the max R.C. = 100 ft/min is the

a. Service ceiling B
b. Landing Run
The formula (n/c)(CL^3/2/CD)(√2pS)(√Wl - √Wo)
c. Take-off run
a. range of a reciprocating engine powered airplane
d. Absolute Ceiling
b. endurance of a reciprocating engine powered
airplane
A c. range of a jet engine powered airplane
d. endurance of a jet engine powered airplane A

A flow that employs the concept that air is flowing in

thin layers close to the surface of the object with no
C
disturbance between the layers of air.
Which condition is the actual amount of water vapor in
a. Laminar Flow
a mixture of air and water?
b. Freestream Flow
a. Relative humidity
c. Turbulent Flow
b. Dew point
d. None of the above
c. Absolute humidity

B
D
For a given freestream mach number (M>1), an
The standard rate of climb at service ceiling
attached oblique shockwave occurs when under what
a. 80 fps following condition?

b. 100 fps a. When the deflection angle is less than the maximum
deflection angle
c. 90 fps
b. When the deflection angle is less than the maximum
d. none of the above deflection angle

c. when the deflection angle is greater than the

C maximum deflection angle

The maximum altitude above sea level at which a given d. None of the above
airplane would be able to maintain horizontal flight
under air conditions.
A
a. Service Ceiling
The line of action created along the envelope of
b. Climb Ceiling individual wavelets of the pressure waves.
c. Absolute Ceiling a. Mach line
d. None of the above b. Streamline

c. Shock Line
D d. None of the above
The maximum value which is located at the point of
tangency between the drag polar and the line drawn
from its point of origin is the A

a. moment coefficient A type of shockwave produced by blunt bodies

b. lift coefficient a. Normal shockwave

c. drag coefficient b. Oblique shockwave

d. lift to drag ratio c. Compression wave

d. Expansion wave
 B

A Rate of descent can be minimized when the

The ratio of the local velocity of the fluid to the velocity a. parasite drag equals the induced drag
of sound at a given point
b. parasite drag equals one-third of induced drag
a. Mach number
c. parasite drag equals three times the induced drag
b. Reynolds number
d. parasite drag is greater than the induced drag
c. Avogadro's number

d. none of the above

A

The following factors are considered to affect the

C aerodynamic force F: angle of attack, air density,
coefficient of dynamic viscosity, speed of sound (due to
The difference between the total pressure and static
compressibility effect), airspeed and
pressure
a. characteristic are or size
a. Stagnation pressure
b. center of pressure
b. Impact pressure
c. aerodynamic center
c. Dynamic pressure
d. center of gravity
d. None of the above

A
B
In steady symmetrical flight conditions, it is also called
The angle which the mach line makes with the free
as the vertical flight speed component
stream direction, and it is defined by the relative
velocities between the free stream velocity and the a. Rate of Descent
speed of sound in the stream
b. Rate of Climb
a. Deflection angle
c. Rate of Ascent
b. Mach angle
d. Rate of Dive
c. Wave angle

d. None of the above

B

The aerodynamic center of the wing is point where the

A
a. airplane's lateral axis intersects with the center of
Low induced drag can be obtained by using gravity

a. high wing aspect ratio b. pitching moment coefficient does not vary with angle
of attack
b. low wing aspect ratio
c. aerodynamic forces are constant
c. high wing chord
d. change of lift due to variation of angle of attack is
d. high wing area
constant
 b. Angular component of velocity and mach number

B c. Normal component of velocity and mach number

This type of shockwave occurs whenever a supersonic d. None of the above

flow is "turned into its self"

a. Normal shockwave
B
b. Oblique shockwave
Bernoulli's equation in incrompressible flow can be
c. Compression wave written as:

d. Expansion wave a. Pt = P/q

b. Pt = P + q

A c. Pt = P - q

Which of the following statements is true? d. Pt = q - P

a. Stagnation pressure downstream of a shockwave is

lesser than the stagnation pressure upstream of the
B
shockwave
A body is placed in a certain airstream. The airstream
b. Stagnation pressure downstream of a shockwave is
vlocity increases by a factor 5. The aerodynamic lift will
equal to the stagnation pressure upstream of the
increase with a factor:
shockwave
a. 10
c. Stagnation pressure downstream of a shockwave is
greater than the stagnation pressure upstream of the b. 25
shockwave
c. 5
d. None of the above
d. 15

B
B
The flow across a shockwave, whether it is normal or an
oblique compression type is _____ Which maximum range factor decreases as weight
decreases?
a. only isobaric
a. Stalling speed
b. only adiabatic
b. altitude
c. only isometric
c. airspeed
d. only isentropic
d. angle of attack

A
A
This component of the velocity and mach number of a
supersonic flow that is parallel to the oblique What is the best method of speed reduction if
shockwave formed. hydroplaning is experienced on landing?

a. Tangential component of velocity and mach number a. apply aerodynamic braking to the fullest advantage

b. apply full main wheel braking only

c. apply nose wheel and main wheel braking alternately a. during high angle of attack
and abruptly
b. partially stalled with one wing low
d. avoid braking
c. stalled

d. in a steep diving spiral

D

The use of slot in the leading edge of the wing enables

B
an airplane to land slower speed because it:
Longitudinal dynamic stability in an airplane can be
a. decelerates the upper surface boundary layer air
identified by
b. changes the camber of the wing
a. yaw oscillations becoming progressively steeper
c. changes the amount of airflow over the wing
b. pitch oscillations becoming progressively steeper
d. delays the stall to a higher angle of attack
c. translational roll oscillations becoming progressively
steeper

To produce the same lift while in ground effect as when D

out of ground effect, the airplane requires:
If the continuity equation is applicable what will happen
a. more thrust to the air density (rho) if the cross-sectional area of a
tube changes? Assume incompressible flow.
b. the same angle of attack
a. rho1 < rho2
c. a greater angle of attack
b. rho1 > rho2
d. a lower angle of attack
c. the density depends on the cross-sectional area

d. rho1 = rho2
A

Which combination of atmospheric conditions will

reduce aircraft take off and climb performance B

a. high temperature, high relative humidity, and high Adverse yaw during turn entry is caused by?
density altitude
a. increased induced drag on the lowered wing and
b. high temperature, high relative humidity, and low decreased induced drag on the raised wing
density altitude
b. decreased induced drag on the lowered wing and
c. low temperature, low relative humidity, and low increased induced drag on the raised wing
density altitude
c. increased parasite drag on the raised wing and
d. high temperature, low relative humidity, and low decreased parasite drag on the lowered wing
density altitude
d. decreased parasite drag on the raised wing and
decreased parasite drag on the lowered wing

In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in A

order to spin?
Air passes through a compression wave. Which of the c. the airspeed must increase when the air density
following statements is correct? decreases

a. The pressure increases d. the airspeed must decrease when the air density
decreases
b. The temperature decreases

c. The pressure decreases

D
d. The Mach number increases
The angle between the airplane longitudinal axis and
chord line is the
D
a. climb path angle
What causes an airplane (expect a T-tail) to pitch
b. dihedral angle
nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not
adjusted? c. glide path angle

a. because of the decrease in lift of the wings d. angle of incidence

b. when thrust is reduced to less that weight, lift is also

reduced and the wings can no longer support the
B
weight
The most desirable type of stability for an aircraft to
c. the cg shifts forward when thrust and drag are
posses is
reduced
a. neutral static stability
d. the downwash on the elevator from the propeller
slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is b. positive dynamic stability
reduced
c. neutral dynamic stability

d. positive static stability

C

The induced angle of attack is the result of

C
a. Downwash due to flow separation
The airplane drag in straight and level flight is minimum
b. a large local angle of attack in a two-dimensional flow when the
c. Downwash due to tip vortices a. induced drag is equal to zero
d. change in direction of flow due to the effective angle b. induced drag is minimum
of attack
c. parasite drag is equal to the induced drag

d. parasite drag equals half the induced drag

C

What must happen to true airspeed to maintain the

same angle of attack in level flight, when the air density C
changes? What changes in airplane longitudinal control must be
a. the airspeed must remain the same when the air made to maintain altitude while the airspeed is being
density decreases decreased?

b. the airspeed must increase when the air density a. decrease the angle of attack to compensate for the
increases decreasing lift
b. decrease the angle of attack to compensate for the Which statement is correct at the subsonic speed for
increasing drag minimum drag?

c. increase the angle of attack to compensate for the a. induced drag is greater than the parasite drag
decreasing lift
b. induced drag is lesser than the parasite drag
d. decrease the angle of attack to produce more lift
c. the lift-drag ratio is minimum
than drag
d. The gliding angle is minimum

C
A
An aircraft is flying at a constant power setting and
constant indicated altitude. If the outside air Why frost is considered hazardous to flight?
temperature (OAT) increase, true airspeed will
a. Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings,
a. increases the true altitude will decrease thereby decreasing capability
b. decrease and true altitude will increase b. Frost slows the airflow over the airfoils, thereby
increasing control effectiveness
c. increase and true altitude will increase
c. Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the
d. remains the same and true altitude will decrease
airfoils, thereby decreasing lift

d. Frost decreases the stall speed of an aircraft

D

The induced drag

B
a. increases as the aspect increases
From the polar diagram of the entire airplane one can
b. has a relation to the lift coefficient read

c. increases as the magnitude of wing tip cortices a. the minimum lift-drag ratio and the minimum drag
decreases
b. the maximum lift-drag ratio and lift coefficient
d. increases as the lift coefficient increases
c. the minimum drag and maximum lift

d. the minimum drag coefficient and the maximum lift

B

Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect

A
will be most realized during an approach to land when
at: An airplane leaving ground effect will
a. a higher than normal angle of attack a. Experience an increase in induced drag and require
more thrust
b. less than the length of the wing span above the
surface b. Require a lower angle of attack to maintain the same
lift coefficient
c. twice the length of the wing psan above the surface
c. Experience reduction in ground friction and require a
d. 100 feet above the surface
slight power reduction

d. not affect an aircraft

D
A b. Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct

The speed for minimum glide angle occurs at a certain c. Statement 1 and statement 2 is incorrect
angle of attack. Which are the following aerodynamic
d. Statement 1 and statement 2 is correct
coefficient(s)?

a. (Cl/Cd)max
B
b. Clmax
While holding the angle of bank constant in a level turn,
c. (Cl/Cd^2)max
if the rate of turn is varied the load factor would:
d. (Cl^3/Cd^2)max
a. Vary but the horizontal lift component increases

b. Remain constant regardless of air density and the

D resultant lift vector

Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affects the c. Vary depending upon speed and air density provided
airplane's the resultant lift vector varies proportionately

a. CG Location d. Vary depending upon the resultant lift vector

b. Pitching moment

c. L/D Ratio B

d. aerodynamic balance and controllability What is the relation ship of lift, drag, thrust and weight
when the airplane is in straight and level flight?

a. lift, drag and and weight equal thrust

C
b. lift, equals weight and thrust equals drag
Airplane wing loading during a level coordinated turn in
smooth air depends upon the c. all forces are equal

a. radius of turn d. lift and weight equal thrust and drag

b. rate of turn

c. angle of bank B

d. true airspeed In theory, if the airspeed of an airplane is doubled while

in level flight, parasite drag will become:

a. three times greater

D
b. four times greater
Which statement is correct about an expansion wave in
a supersonic flow? c. twice as great

1 - The upstream temperature of an expansion wave is d. half as great

higher that the downstream temperature

2 - The upstream Mach number of an expansion wave is

D
lower than the downstream mach number
Recovery from a stall in any airplane becomes more
difficult when its
a. Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect
a. center of gravity moves forward
b. elevator trim is adjusted nose down C. the climb angle is best.

c. center of gravity move forward D. the glide angle is minimum.

d. center of gravity moves aft

B If the power available is assumed to be independent of

flight speed, the maximum rate of climb occurs when
How do the speeds for best angle of climb and best rate
of climb vary with increasing altitude? A. the excess power remains constant.

A. Both decrease. B. the excess power is minimum.

B. Both increase. C. the power required is maximum.

C. Speed for best angle of climb increases while the D. the power required is minimum.
speed for best rate of climb decreases.

D. Speed for best angle of climb decreases while the

C
speed for best rate of climb increases.
When the power available and power required each
plotted as function of the flight speed shows maximum
B excess power at a certain point, which of the following
is maximum?
At higher altitudes, the maximum speed
A. Flight speed.
A. increases.
B. Power available.
B. decreases.
C. Rate of climb
C. remains the same.
D. Power required.
D. increases until the service ceiling.

B
B
For the airplane to stay aloft the longest time, the
As the altitude increases, the rate of climb
aerodynamic efficiency of airfoils should be kept at a
A. increases. condition where the

B. decreases. A. parasite drag coefficient equals induced drag

coefficient.
C. remains the same.
B. parasite drag coefficient is one third of induced drag
D. decreases only up to the service ceiling. coefficient.

C. parasite drag coefficient is twice the induced drag

C coefficient

If the ratios of rate of climb and flight speed is D. parasite drag coefficient is three times the induced
maximum, drag coefficient.

A. the rate of climb is maximum.

B. the flight speed is maximum. B

The speed for best rate of climb is called Air passes a compression wave. Which of the following
statements is correct?
A. VO.
A. The pressure increases.
B. VY.
B. The temperature decreases.
C. VX.
C. The pressure decreases.
D. V2.
D. The Mach number increases.

A
C
How do the best angle of climb and best rate of climb
vary with increasing altitude? The airplane drag in straight and level flight is minimum
when the:
A. Both decrease.
A. induced drag is equal to zero.
B. Both increase.
B. induced drag is minimum.
C. Best angle of climb increases while best rate of climb
decreases. C. parasite drag is equal to the induced drag.

D. Best angle of climb decreases while best rate of climb D. parasite drag equals half the induced drag.
increases.

D
A
When the air is passing through a shock wave the static
If an airplane flies in the ground effect temperature will increase and the static pressure will
_______________.
A. the lift is increased and the drag is decreased.
A. decrease.
B. the effective angle of attack is decreased.
B. stay constant.
C. the induced angle of attack is increased.
C. decrease and beyond a certain Mach number start
D. the drag and lift are reduced.
increasing again.

D. increase.
C

Is that component of force parallel to the chord or axis

C
of the wing or body and is equal to the form drag plus
skin Which statement is true regarding stagnation point?

friction at zero degree angle of attack. A. Total pressure approaches infinity

A. Lift B. Total pressure is negligible

B. Normal force C. Total pressure is equal to static pressure

C. Axial force D. Total pressure is equal to dynamic pressure

D. Drag

A
As air enters to the restriction of a Venturi, velocity Defined as the maximum distance of the mean camber
________, static or ambient pressure _______ and line from the chord line.
temperature ________:
A. Mean camber line.
A. Increases/ decreases/ decreases.
B. Camber.
B. Decreases/ increases/ decreases.
C. Leading edge radius.
C. Increases/ increases/ increases.
D. Chord line.
D. Decreases/ decreases/ increases.

D
C
If gravity is neglected, the pressure at any point in a
Continuity equation states: If the area of a tube is fluid must be the same in magnitude in any direction.
increasing, the speed of the subsonic and
A. Bernoulli's Principle.
incompressible flow inside is ____________________.
B. Law of Continuity.
A. increasing.
C. Newton's Second Law.
B. sonic.
D. Pascal's Law.
C. decreasing.

D. not changing.
D

Decreasing the induced drag can be done by

A
A. increasing the span loading.
In a supersonic air stream, which of the flow properties
are decreased as the fluid flows across an expansion B. increasing the wing loading.
wave?
C. increasing the power loading.
A. Pressure and mass density.
D. decreasing the span loading.
B. Pressure and Mach number.

C. Mass density and velocity.

D
D. Velocity and Mach number.
Defined as the component of force parallel to the free
stream direction.
C A. Axial force.
Speed is said to be subsonic if: B. Lift.
A. M > 1. C. Normal force.
B. M = 1. D. Drag.
C. M < 1.

D. M > 5. D

The pressure entering the forward facing orifice of a

pitot tube of an aircraft in flight is ________.
B
A. Dynamic and static pressure. B. chord line and the relative undisturbed airflow.

B. Dynamic pressure. C. bottom surface and the horizontal

C. Static pressure. D. bottom surface and the relative airflow.

D. Total pressure.

D The aerodynamic drag of a body, placed in a certain

airstream depends amongst others on __________.
The polar curve of an airfoil is a graphic relation
between ________________. A. the airstream velocity.

A. TAS and stall speed B. the specific mass of the body.

B. Angle of attack and CL C. the weight of the body.

C. CD and angle of attack D. the c.g. location of the body.

D. CL and CD

A 79. The atmosphere is composed of _____ percent

oxygen.
The critical Mach Number of an airplane can be
increased by____________________. A. 78

A. sweep back of the wings. B. 1

B. vortex generators. C. 21

C. control deflection D. 0.003

D. dihedral of the wings.

B Is the altitude above a standard datum plane (SDP),

which is a theoretical level where the weight of the
The induced drag coefficient, CDi is proportional with
atmosphere is 29.92" Hg (1,013.2 mb) as measured by a
_____________.
barometer.
A. CLmax
A. Density altitude
B. CL²
B. Pressure altitude
C. CL
C. Temperature altitude
D. square root of CL
D. 36,080 ft altitude

B
D
The angle of attack (aerodynamic angle of incidence) of
A pressure gauge which indicates an altitude in the
an airfoil is the angle between the _____________.
standard atmosphere corresponding to the measured
A. bottom surface and the chord line. pressure.
A. airspeed indicator B. By dividing the CD by the CL.

B. vertical speed indicator C. By dividing the angle of attack by the CL.

C. manifold pressure gauge D. By dividing the angle of attack by the CD.

D. altimeter

D If the aircraft is operated in steady flight at maximum

lift/drag ratio, the total drag is:
Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform
motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change A. minimum.
that state by forces impressed on it.
B. maximum.
A. Pascal's Law.
C. below maximum.
B. Newton's Third Law of Motion.
D. above minimum.
C. Newton's Second Law of Motion.

D. Newton's First Law of Motion.

D

The three motions of the conventional airplane (roll,

A pitch and yaw) are controlled by three control surfaces.
Roll is controlled by ____________________.
The forward force produced by the
powerplant/propeller or rotor. It opposes or overcomes A. rudder.
the force of drag.
B. flaps.
A. Thrust
C. elevators.
B. Drag.
D. ailerons.
C. Lift.

D. Weight.
A

The initial tendency of the aircraft to return to the

A original state of equilibrium after being disturbed.

Which of the following is not one of the types of A. Positive static stability.
parasite drag?
B. Neutral static stability.
A. Induced drag.
C. Negative static stability.
B. Form drag.
D. Positive dynamic stability.
C. Interference drag.

D. Skin friction.
A

The positive limit maneuvering load factor for normal

A category should not be greater than:

The lift/drag ratio is obtained: A. 3.8

A. By dividing CL by the CD. B. 4.4

C. 6.0 C

D. 9.0 At a lower pressure, the original column of air contains

a smaller mass of air. Therefore as the pressure
increases_______.
A
A. the density remains constant
The purpose of the vertical fin is to provide:
B. the density decreases
A. directional stability.
C. the density increases
B. longitudinal stability.
D. the density is inversely proportional to pressure
C. lateral stability.

D. vertical stability.
B

One of the main functions of flaps during the approach

B and landing is to

Which moments or motions interact in a dutch roll? a. decrease the angle of descent without increasing the
airspeed.
A. Pitching and adverse yaw.
b. provide the same amount of lift at a slower airspeed.
B. Rolling and yawing.
c. decrease lift, thus enabling a steeper than normal
C. Pitching and yawing. approach to be made
D. Pitching and rolling. d. provide a substantial increase in drag to aid in
landing.

Which location on the airplane has the largest effect on B

the induced drag? Which is true regarding the use of flaps during level
A. Wing tip. turns?

B. Engine cowling. a. The lowering of flaps increases stall speed.

C. Wing root junction. b. The raising of flaps increases the stall speed.

D. Landing gear. c. Raising flaps will require added forward pressure on

the yoke or stick.

d. lowering flaps create additional drag during level

A turns.
Which part of an airplane provides the greatest positive
contribution to the static longitudinal stability ?
B
A. The horizontal stabilizer.
A rectangular wing, as compared to other wing
B. The engine. planforms, has a tendency to stall first at the
C. The fuselage. a. wingtip, with the stall progression toward the wing
D. The wing. root.
b. wing root, with the stall progression toward the wing D
tip
In small airplanes, normal recovery from spins may
c. center trailing edge, with the stall progression become difficult if the
outward toward the wing root and tip.
a. CG is too far rearward, and rotation is around the
d. center leading edge, with the stall progression longitudinal axis
outward toward the wing root and tip.
b. a stall is entered before the spin developed

c. spin is entered before the stall is fully developed.

B
d. CG is too far rearward, and rotation is around the CG
Frost covering the upper surface of an airplane wing
usually will cause
C
a. the airplane to stall at an angle of attack that is higher
than normal. As the angle of bank is increased, the vertical
component of lift
b. the airplane to stall at an angle of attack that is lower
than normal. a. decreases and the horizontal component of lift
remains constant.
c. drag factors so large that sufficient speed cannot be
obtained for takeoff. b. increases and the horizontal component of lift
decreases
d. coefficient of drag to increase abruptly.
c. decreases and the horizontal component of lift
increases
B
d. remains constant and horizontal component of lift
The need to slow an aircraft below VA is brought about increases.
by the following weather phenomenon:

a. high density altitude which increases the indicated

A
stall speed.
Which is true regarding the forces acting on an aircraft
b. turbulence which causes an increase in stall speed
in a steady state descent? The sum of all
c. turbulence which causes a decrease in stall speed
a. forward forces is equal to the sum of all rearward
d. turbulence which increases the maneuvering speed forces
of the airplane
b. rearward forces is greater than the sum of all forward
forces

A c. upward forces is less than the sum of all downward

forces
Recovery from a stall in any airplane becomes more
difficult when its d. forward forces is not equal to the sum of all rearward
forces
a. center of gravity moves aft

b. center of gravity moves forward

D
c. elevator trim is adjusted nosedown.
In theory, if the airspeed of an airplane is doubled while
d. rudder travel is improperly adjusted.
in level flight, parasite drag will become

a. twice as great
b. half as great b. must be increased or angle of bank decreased

c. reduced by half c. must be decreased or angle of bank increased

d. four times greater d. and angle of bank must be increased

C C

As airspeed decreases in level flight below that speed To increase the rate of turn and at the same time
for maximum lift/drag ratio, total drag of an airplane decrease the radius, a pilot should

a. decreases because of lower parasite drag a. maintain the bank and decrease airspeed

b. increases because of increased parasite drag. b. increase the bank and increase airspeed

c. increases because of increased induced drag. c. increase the bank and decrease airspeed

d. remains the same regardless of changes in airspeed. d. maintain the bank and increase airspeed

A A

If the airplane attitude remains in a new position after Why it is necessary to increase back elevator pressure
the elevator control is pressed forward and released, to maintain altitude during a turn? To compensate for
the airplane displays the

a. neutral longitudinal static stability a. loss of the vertical component of lift

b. positive longitudinal static stability b. loss of the horizontal component of lift and the
increase in centrifugal force
c. neutral longitudinal dynamic stability
c. rudder deflection and slight opposite aileron
d. negative longitudinal dynamic stability
throughout the turn

d. increase in vertical component of lift and loss in

B horizontal component of lift

Longitudinal stability involves the motion of the

airplane controlled by its
D
a. rudder
Why should flight speeds above VNE be avoided?
b. elevator
a. excessive induced drag will result in structural failure
c. ailerons
b. a high speed stall is most likely to occur
d. flaps
c. control effectiveness is so impaired that the aircraft
becomes uncontrollable.

C d. design limit load factors may be exceeded, if gusts

are encountered
If airspeed is increased during a level turn, what action
would be necessary to maintain altitude? The angle of
attack
A
a. and angle of bank must be decreased
Calibrated airspeed is best described as indicated d. geometric ground level
airspeed corrected for

a. installation and instrument error

C
b. instrument error
What force causes an airplane to turn?
c. non standard temperature
a. rudder pressure or force around the vertical axis
d. magnetic error
b. vertical lift component

c. horizontal component of lift

C
d. rudder pressure around the lateral axis and elevator
Unless adjusted, the fuel/air mixture becomes richer force around longitudinal axis
with an increase in altitude because the amount of fuel

a. decreases while the volume of air decreases

B
b. remains constant while the volume of air decreases
What is the relationship between centrifugal force and
c. remains constant while the density of air decreases the horizontal lift component in a coordinated turn?

d. increases while the volume of air increases a. horizontal lift exceeds centrifugal force

b. horizontal lift and centrifugal force are equal

C c. centrifugal force exceeds horizontal lift

A propeller rotating clockwise as seen from the rear, d. centrifugal force amplifies the horizontal lift force
creates a spiralling slipstream. The spiralling slipstream, and decreases the vertical lift force
along with torque effect, tends to rotate the airplane to
the
C
a. right around the vertical axis, and to the left around
the longitudinal axis The airspeed at which the airflow over the wing first
reaches the speed of sound is known as the
b. left around the vertical axis, and to the right around
the longitudinal axis a. transonic index
c. left around the vertical axis, and to the left around b. reynold's number
the longitudinal axis
c. critical mach number
d. right around the longitudinal axis, and to the left
around the vertical axis d. drag divergence mach number

A C

Pressure altitude is the altitude read on your altimeter As altitude of increases, the indicated airspeed at which
when the instrument is adjusted to indicate height a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will
above a. decrease as true airspeed decreases
a. sea level b. decrease as true airspeed increases
b. the standard datum plane c. remain the same regardless of altitude
c. ground level d. increase as true airspeed increases
 B. Conditions do not vary with position in the stream or
with time.
C
C. At a given instant in time the conditions at every
In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in
point are the same but will change with time.
order to spin?
D. Every condition of the flow may change from point to
a. partially stalled with one wing low.
point and with time at every point.
b. in a steep diving spiral

c. stalled
C
d. in power off stall
When the flow velocity exceeds the propagation speed
of the disturbance, these disturbances will pile up to
form strong waves called
A
A. Pressure Waves
What is ground effect?
B. Compression Waves
a. the result of the interference of the surface of the
earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane C. Shockwaves

b. the result of an alteration in airflow patterns D. Expansion Waves

increasing induced drag about the wings of an airplane

c. the result of the disruption of the airflow patterns

D
about the wings of an airplane to the point where the
wings will no longer support the airplane in flight. These are the points aircraft balancing is relatively
dependent upon.
d. the result of the interference of engine's slipstream
to the air around the aircraft. A. Center of Gravity and Center of Lift

B. Center of Pressure and Center of Lift

A C. Center of Gravity and Center of Mass

Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect D. Center of Gravity and Center of Pressure
will be most realized during an approach to land when
at
B
a. less than the length of the wing span above the
surface On what surface of a stationary cylinder subjected into
an airstream will the velocity of the freestream flow be
b. twice the length of the wingspan above the surface
equal to the surface flow?
c. a higher than normal angle of attack
A. On the initial impact of the flow
d. a lower than normal angle of attack
B. At an angle of 30 degrees through the point with the
main direction of the flow

B C. At an angle 270 degrees through the point with the

main direction of the flow
What does steady non-uniform flow mean?
D. None of the above
A. Condition change from point to point in the stream
but do not change with time.
C Lift on the wing is most properly defined as:

Which of the following statements is true? a. Force perpendicular to the relative wind

A. A fluid has high velocity when it flows easily b. Reduced pressure resulting from a laminar flow over
the upper camber of an airfoil
B. An ideal fluid is regarded to be a fluid having
extremely little resistance to shear forces c. Force parallel to the relative wind

C. A fluid also possesses the ability to resit tension d. Pressure differential acting perpendicular to the wing

D. None of the above

B As the cyclic control is moved forward, the disc tilts

forward, the helicopter will?
The difference between impact and dynamic pressure is
known as: a. Move backward

A. Stagnation pressure b. Move to the right

B. Static Pressure c. Move forward

C. Total Pressure d. Move to the left

D. None of the above

D It is the mass of helicopter divided by area of rotor

blades.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Power loading
A. Sound travels faster through air at an altitude than at
sea level b. Wing loading

B. The lesser the particles through which sound travels, c. Blade loading
the faster the speed of sound
d. Disc loading
C. If a compressive stress is applied to a fluid, the added
pressure is instantly distributed to all parts of fluid
A
D. None of the above
When the angle of attack of a wing is increased the
center of pressure moves:
B
a. Forward
A shock wave angled 90° from the relative flow.
b. Backward
a. Oblique
c. Constant
b. Normal
d. Everywhere
c. Expansion

d. None of the above

D

What is the primary factor in determining calibrated

A airspeed?
a. Headwind b. Rotor droop

b. Density c. Feathering

c. Tailwind d. Rotor tracking

d. Instrument error

C The following utilize air breathing engines, except?

All motion or changes in aircraft attitude occurs about a. Airplanes

which position?
b. Helicopters
a. Aerodynamic center
c. Rockets
b. Center of pressure
d. Hot air balloon
c. Center of gravity

d. Trailing edge
C

The aircraft is said to be trimmed if?

D
a. The moment of aerodynamic center is zero
Which of the following is true?
b. The rotation at the center of pressure is zero
a. Lift is always greater than weight
c. The rotation at the center of gravity is zero
b. Lift is always perpendicular the airfoil chord
d. The rotation at the geometric center is zero
c. Lift is greater during level flight than level turning
flight
A
d. Lift is greater during level flight than climbing flight
Flight condition in which a range of velocities of
supersonic and subsonic airflow exists around the
A aircraft.

Which of the statements is true about Bernoulli's a. Mach 1.1

principle?
b. Mach 1.3
a. Mass and energy is conserved
c. Mach 0.5
b. It applies to turbulent flows
d. Mach 0.7
c. It is limited to incompressible flows

d. None of the above

D

Which of the following is not an equation for calculating

B the aspect ratio?

This situation happens every time the helicopter's main a. b/c

rotor is at rest.
b. S/c²
a. Rotor coning
c. b²/S
d. b²/c²

A Which of the following statements is true about climb

power?
The boiling point of a given liquid varies
a. It is the sum of power available and power required
a. Directly w/ pressure
b. It is the power allotted for descending
b. Inversely w/ pressure
c. It is the difference between power available and
c. Directly w/ density
power required
d. None of the above
d. It is the sum between power available and power
required

Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true C

landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?
What does unsteady uniform flow mean?
a. Low temperature w/ low humidity
a. Conditions change from point to point in the stream
b. High temperature w/ low humidity but do not change with time

c. High temperature w/ high humidity b. Conditions do not vary with position in the stream or
with time
d. Low temperature w/ high humidity
c. At a given instant in time the conditions at every
point are the same but will change with time
C d. Every condition of the flow may change from point to
If the temperature of a confined liquid is held constant point and with time at every point
& its pressure is tripled, the volume will

a. Triple B
b. Be reduced to one-third its original volume What is the main cause of change in temperature in the
c. Remain the same adiabatic process?

d. Be multiplied six times than before a. Conversion of internal energy to kinetic energy

b. Conversion of kinetic energy to internal energy

A c. Conversion of enthalpy energy to kinetic energy

A force experienced by an aircraft in an accelerated d. Conversion of kinetic energy to enthalpy energy

climbing flight that acts outward, moving around an
imaginary center.
B
a. Centrifugal force
What equation relates the change in pressure with the
b. Centripetal force change in vertical height?
c. Force due to acceleration a. Pascal's equation
d. Force due to deceleration b. Hydrostatic equation
c. Bernoulli's equation c. For a given indicated airspeed, true airspeed
decreases as altitude increases
d. Euler equation
d. For a given indicated airspeed, true airspeed
decreases as altitude decreases
B

What is the energy conversion that takes place at the

B
upstream stagnation point?
A wing w/ a very high aspect ratio (in comparison w/ a
a. Kinetic energy to internal energy
low aspect ratio wing) will have
b. Kinetic energy to pressure energy
a. Increased drag at high angles of attack
c. Kinetic energy to potential energy
b. A low stall speed
d. No energy conversion takes place
c. Poor control qualities at low airspeeds

d. Better longitudinal stability

B

Why is there a need for calibration of airspeed

B
instruments?
Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor
a. To obtain the indicated airspeed
on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
b. To obtain the true airspeed
a. Climbs
c. To obtain the equivalent airspeed
b. Turns
d. To obtain the calibrated
c. Stalls

d. Banking
D

Solve for the approximate speed of sound in air at

B
which h is the average altitude in the Troposphere.
What effect, if any, does high humidity have on aircraft
a. 500 knots
performance?
b. 570 knots
a. It increases performance
c. 600 knots
b. It decreases performance
d. 620 knots
c. It has no effect on performance

d. Directly proportional w/ performance

A

Which of following is true about the relationship

A
between the true airspeed and indicated airspeed?
Which items are included in the empty weight of an
a. For a given true airspeed, indicated airspeed
aircraft?
decreases as altitude increases
a. Unusable fuel & undrainable oil
b. For a given true airspeed, indicated airspeed
increases as altitude increases b. Only the airframe, powerplant, & optional equipment
c. Full fuel tanks & engine oil to capacity c. Outward, upward and around each tip

d. None of the above d. Outward, downward and around each tip

A C

Geometric Altitude is measured as the Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?

a. Physical distance between aircraft and reference (e.g. a. For every action, there is an equal but opposite
Sea Level) reaction

b. Difference in density with International Standard b. An additional upward force is generated as the lower
Atmosphere (ISA) temperature surface of the wing deflects air downward

c. Distance between Center of Earth and parallel c. Air travelling faster over the curved upper surface of
surfaces around the spherical earth. an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface

d. Pressure differential with respect to Pressure at Sea d. For a constant mass, force equals mass times
Level acceleration

D A

An aircraft's rate of climb will be equal to zero if? Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect
will be most realized during an approach to land when
a. Power available is greater than the power required
at:
b. Power available is less than the power required
a. Less than the length of the wingspan above the
c. Power required is greater that the power available surface

d. Power required is equal to power available b. Twice the length of the wingspan above the surface

c. A higher-than-normal angle of attack

C d. A lower-than-normal angle of attack

Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the

aircraft's?
B
a. Lift/drag ratio
An airplane said to be inherently stable will:
b. Aerodynamic stability
a. Be difficult to stall
c. Aerodynamic balance and controllability
b. Require less effort to control
d. Aerodynamic maneuverability
c. Not spin

d. Easy to maneuver
C

How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around

A
each wingtip?
What determines the longitudinal stability of an
a. Inward, upward and around each tip
airplane?
b. Inward, upward and counterclockwise
a. The location of the CG with respect to the center of B. viscous forces
lift
C. form drag
b. The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder
D. skin friction drag
and rudder trim tab

c. The relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag

C
d. The location of the CG with respect to the datum line
Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the
aircraft's
A
A. lift/drag ratio
During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?
B. lifting capacity
a. Both wings are stalled
C. aerodynamic balance and controllability
b. Neither wing is stalled
D. reduce drag
c. Only the left wing is stalled

d. Only the rightwing is stalled

C

It is a pressure measurement instrument used to

C measure fluid flow velocity.

Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is: A. airspeed indicator

a. Operating at high airspeeds B. vertical speed indicator

b. Heavily loaded C. pitot-static tube

c. Developing lift D. static port

d. Developing drag

B It is a condition in aerodynamics and aviation wherein

the angle of attack increases beyond a certain point
Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor
such that the lift begins to decrease.
on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
A. roll
a. Climbs
B. spin
b. Turns
C. stall
c. Stalls
D. none of the above
d. Dive

D
B
Why does a flow separate from the surface of the
The laminar occurs at low Reynolds numbers,
airfoil?
where__________ are dominant, and characterized by
smooth, constant fluid motion; A. adverse pressure gradient (dp/dx is positive)

A. inertia forces B. adverse pressure gradient (dp/dx is negative)

C. the velocity profile through the boundary layer

D. both a & c is correct C

Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true

landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?
B
A. Low temperature w/ low humidity
It is process in which no heat is added to or taken away
from the system. B. High temperature w/ low humidity

A. reversible process C. High temperature w/ high humidity

B. adiabatic process D. Low temperature w/ high humidity

C. Isentropic process

D. Isothermal process C

If the temperature of a confined liquid is held constant

& its pressure is tripled, the volume will
B
A. Triple
It states that the total energy of a particle in motion is
constant at all points on its path in a steady flow. B. Be reduced to one-third its original volume

A. Principles of Conservation of mass C. Remain the same

B. Bernoulli's Principle D. Be multiplied six times than before

C. First Law of Thermodynamics

D. both a & c is correct A

A force experienced by an aircraft in an accelerated

climbing flight that acts outward, moving around an
B
imaginary center.
This shows the rate of decrease in temperature per unit
A. Centrifugal force
height.
B. Centripetal force
A. coefficient of dynamic viscosity
C. Force due to acceleration
B. Lapse rate
D. Force due to deceleration
C. Universal gas constant

D. Volume flow rate

C

Which of the following statements is true about climb

A
power?
The boiling point of a given liquid varies
A. It is the sum of power available and power required
A. Directly w/ pressure
B. It is the power allotted for descending
B. Inversely w/ pressure
C. It is the difference between power available and
C. Directly w/ density power required

D. None of the above

D. It is the sum between power available and power C. Kinetic energy to potential energy
required
D. No energy conversion takes place

C
B
What does unsteady uniform flow mean?
Why is there a need for calibration of airspeed
A. Conditions change from point to point in the stream instruments?
but do not change with time
A. To obtain the indicated airspeed
B. Conditions do not vary with position in the stream or
B. To obtain the true airspeed
with time
C. To obtain the equivalent airspeed
C. At a given instant in time the conditions at every
point are the same but will change with time D. To obtain the calibrated
D. Every condition of the flow may change from point to
point and with time at every point
A

Which of following is true about the relationship

B between the true airspeed and indicated airspeed?
What is the main cause of change in temperature in the A. For a given true airspeed, indicated airspeed
adiabatic process? decreases as altitude increases
A. Conversion of internal energy to kinetic energy B. For a given true airspeed, indicated airspeed
increases as altitude increases
B. Conversion of kinetic energy to internal energy
C. For a given indicated airspeed, true airspeed
C. Conversion of enthalpy energy to kinetic energy
decreases as altitude increases
D. Conversion of kinetic energy to enthalpy energy
D. For a given indicated airspeed, true airspeed
decreases as altitude decreases

What equation relates the change in pressure with the B

change in vertical height?
A wing w/ a very high aspect ratio (in comparison w/ a
A. Pascal's equation low aspect ratio wing) will have

B. Hydrostatic equation A. Increased drag at high angles of attack

C. Bernoulli's equation B. A low stall speed

D. Euler equation C. Poor control qualities at low airspeeds

D. Better longitudinal stability

Why is the energy conversion that takes place at the C

upstream stagnation point?
Define what is a Geopotential Altitude
A. Kinetic energy to internal energy
A. Physical distance between aircraft and reference (e.g.
B. Kinetic energy to pressure energy Sea Level)
B. Difference in density with International Standard An aircraft's rate of climb will be equal to zero if?
Atmosphere (ISA) temperature
A. Power available is greater than the power required
C. Distance between Center of Earth and parallel
B. Power available is less than the power required
surfaces around the spherical earth.
C. Power required is greater that the power available
D. Pressure differential with respect to Pressure at Sea
Level D. Power required is equal to power available

B C
What effect, if any, does high humidity have on aircraft Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the
performance? aircraft's?
A. It increases performance A. Lift/drag ratio
B. It decreases performance B. Aerodynamic stability
C. It has no effect on performance C. Aerodynamic balance and controllability
D. Directly proportional w/ performance D. Aerodynamic maneuverability

A C
Which items are included in the empty weight of an . How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around
aircraft? each wingtip?
A. Unusable fuel & undrainable oil A. Inward, upward and around each tip
B. Only the airframe, powerplant, & optional equipment B. Inward, upward and counterclockwise
C. Full fuel tanks & engine oil to capacity C. Outward, upward and around each tip
D. None of the above D. Outward, downward and around each tip

A C
Geometric Altitude is measured as the Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?
A. Physical distance between aircraft and reference (e.g. A. For every action, there is an equal but opposite
Sea Level) reaction
B. Difference in density with International Standard B. An additional upward force is generated as the lower
Atmosphere (ISA) temperature surface of the wing deflects air downward
C. Distance between Center of Earth and parallel C. Air travelling faster over the curved upper surface of
surfaces around the spherical earth. an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface
D. Pressure differential with respect to Pressure at Sea D. For a constant mass, force equals mass times
Level acceleration

D A
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor
will be most realized during an approach to land when on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
at:
A. Climbs
A. Less than the length of the wingspan above the
B. Turns
surface
C. Stalls
B. Twice the length of the wingspan above the surface
D. Dive
C. A higher-than-normal angle of attack

D. A lower-than-normal angle of attack

C

Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is:

B
A. Operating at high airspeeds
An airplane said to be inherently stable will:
B. Heavily loaded
A. Be difficult to stall
C. Developing lift
B. Require less effort to control
D. Developing drag
C. Not spin

D. Easy to maneuver
A

Wing spoilers, when used asymmetrically, are

A
associated with
What determines the longitudinal stability of an
(a) ailerons
airplane?
(b) rudders
A. The location of the CG with respect to the center of
lift (c) flaps
B. The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder (d) elevator
and rudder trim tab

C. The relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag

C
D. The location of the CG with respect to the datum line
If an aircraft is yawing to the left, where would you
position the trim tab on the rudder?
A (a) center
During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled? (b) right
A. Both wings are stalled (c) left
B. Neither wing is stalled (d) down
C. Only the left wing is stalled

D. Only the rightwing is stalled C

With respect to differential aileron control, which of the

following is true?
B
(a) The up going Aileron moves through a smaller angle (b) high
than the down going aileron.
(c) both high and low
(b) The up going and down going ailerons both deflect
(d) by a switch in cockpit
to the same angle.

(c) The down going aileron moves through a smaller

angle than the up going aileron. A
(d) Both ailerons move at different direction all the time Which condition is the actual amount of water vapor in
a mixture of air and water?

(a) absolute humidity

B
(b) relative humidity
Which part of the wing of a swept-wing aircraft stalls
first? (c) dewpoint
(a) root (d) precipitation point
(b) tip

(c) leading edge C

(d) trailing edge The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at
constant pressure to become saturated is called

(a) absolute humidity

A
(b) relative humidity
Wing sweptback will?
(c) dewpoint
(a) increase lateral stability
(d) precipitation point
(b) decrease lateral stability

(c) has no effect

B
(d) increase drag
Flutter can be reduced by

(a) horn balance

A
(b) Mass balancing
The stalling speed of aircraft will?
(c) servo tabs
(a) increase if its heavier
(d) trim tabs
(b) decrease if its heavier

(c) is always constant

C
(d) increase as angle of attack increases
Tuck under occurs when

(a) Shock stall on outboard wings

B
(b) Shock stall on inboard wings
An automatic slat will lift by itself when the angle of
attack is? (c) The aircraft reaches Mcrit
(a) low (d) when at nose heavy
 D

C In forward flight the relative air velocity at each blade.

If, after a disturbance, an aeroplane initially returns to (a) Greatest for retreating blade
its equilibrium state.
(b) Equal for all blades
(a) It has neutral stability
(c) greatest at fastest blade
(b) It is neutrally unstable
(d) greatest at advancing blade
(c) it has static stability and may be dynamically stable.

(d) it has static stability and may not be dynamically

A
stable.
What is the swash plate on a helicopter used for in the
rotor blades?
C
(a) Control pitch
If an aircraft returns to a position of equilibrium it is said
(b) Control speed
to be.
(c) control flap
(a) Statically stable
(d) control lead and lag
(b) Neutrally stable

(c) positively stable

B
(d) negatively stable
Initially downstream a normal shockwave the air flow
is?
D
(a) supersonic
Which part of the rotor disc produces the most lift
(b) subsonic
during forward flight?
(c) the same
(a) Midspan portion
(d) increases
(b) Back portion

(c) rear portion

D
(d) front portion
Tuck under can be counteracted by?

(a) Trim tabs

B
(b) Swept back
Translational drift is the tendency of the helicopter to
drift (c) aileron reversal
(a) laterally (d) mach trim
(b) longitudinally

(c) vertically B
(d) all of the above Critical Mach Number is defined as
(a) that number at which the airflow becomes (b) Profile drag increases with the square of the
supersonic. airspeed.

(b) that free-stream Mach Number at which some part (c) Induced drag increases with the square of the
of the airflow over the aircraft becomes sonic. airspeed.

(c) the minimum Mach number at which the aircraft can

go supersonic.
A

The point wherein the Profile drag and induced drag

B intersects is?

Critical Mach No. may be increased by. (a) L/D max

(a) Using higher thickness/chord ratio wing (b) Maximum drag

(b) Sweeping back wing (c) stalling speed

(c) increasing dihedral (d) maximum speed

(d) use of vortex generators

C If the wing loading of an aircraft were reduced the

stalling speed would.
As an aircraft accelerates through the transonic region,
the centre of pressure tends to move? (a) increase

(a) forward (b) not be affected

(b) no change (c) decrease

(c) rearward (d) increase or decrease depending on the weight

removed
(d) center

D
D
For a cambered wing section, the zero lift angle of
What produces the most lift at low speeds?
attack will be.
(a) High camber
(a) 4 degrees
(b) Low camber
(b) zero
(c) low aspect ratio
(c) positive
(d) high aspect ratio
(d) negative

B
A
Which statement is true?
Induced downwash.
(a) Both Induced drag and profile drag increase with the
(a) Reduces effective AOA of the wing
square of the airspeed.
(b) increases effective AOA of the wing
(c) have no effect C

(d) R = 585 mile What atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing
speed of an aircraft to be highest?

(a) Low temp high humidity

C
(b) Head wind low humidity
The stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the?
(c) high temp high humidity
(a) weight
(d) high temp low humidity
(b) airspeed

(c) angle of attack

B
(d) all of the above
The percentage of nitrogen in air is approximately.

(a) 60%
D
(b) 78%
Wing tip vortices create a type of drag known as
(c) 88%
(a) Form drag
(d) 67%
(b) Wave drag

(c) skin friction drag

A
(d) induced drag
In a supersonic air stream, which of the flow properties
are decreased as the fluid flows across an expansion
C wave?

Geometric Pitch is the distance moved. A. Pressure and mass density.

(a) In one revolution B. Pressure and Mach number.

(b) In one revolution with slip C. Mass density and velocity.

(c) in one revolution without slip D. Velocity and Mach number.

(d) angle of root chord to tip chor

B

C When a change in pressure is accompanied by such a

change in density, the flow is called
The primary purpose of a feathering propeller is to.
A. Flow rate.
(a) prevent further engine damage when an engine fails
in flight. B. Compressible flow.

(b) prevent propeller damage when an engine fails in C. Incompressible flow.

flight.
D. Steady flow.
(c) eliminate the drag created by a wind milling
propeller when an engine fails in flight.
D
Sound waves travel through the air at a definite speed. C

Indicated airspeed. The angle which the Mach line makes with the
freestream direction.
B. True airspeed.
A. Deflection angle.
C. Speed of light.
B. Expansion wave angle.
D. Speed of sound.
C. Mach angle.

D. Expansion wave angle.

B

If a fluid is moving steadily and uniformly through a

closed pipe or a stream tube, the mass flow of fluids B
passing one section must be the same as the mass of
The component of force parallel to the freestream
fluid passing any other section in one second.
direction ahead of the wing.
A. Bernoulli's principle.
A. Axial force.
B. Law of continuity.
B. Drag.
C. Newton's law
C. Lift.
D. Pascal's law
D. Normal force.

D
C
A short tube or duct that usually tapers or has a
That component of force which is normal to the
constriction, often forms the vent of a hose or pipe, and
direction of the freestream an infinite distance ahead of
is used to direct the flow of fluid or to increase the
the airfoil.
velocity of flow.
A. Axial force.
A. Convergent tube.
B. Drag.
B. Divergent tube.
C. Lift.
C. Manometer.
D. Normal force
D. Venturi tube.

B
D
The airwise force resulting from the pressure
A large amplitude compression wave, such as that
distribution when the wing is at the angle of attack at
produced by an explosion, caused by supersonic motion
which no lift is generated.
of a body in motion.
A. Axial force.
A. Expansion wave.
B. Form or pressure drag.
B. Normal wave.
C. Lift.
C. Oblique wave.
D. Normal force.
D. Shock wave.
B

It is the component of the normal force which is parallel D

to the direction of the freestream. This force is Called
When the air is passing through a shock wave the static
induced drag in the subsonic case but is not so called in
temperature will increase and the static pressure will
the supersonic case because the type of flow over the
lifting surface is of a different character. A. decrease.
A. Axial force. B. stay constant.
B. Drag due to lift or drag due to normal force. C. decrease and beyond a certain Mach number start
increasing again.
C. Form or pressure drag.
D. increase.
D. Skin friction.

D
D
When the air is passing through a shock wave the static
The component normal to chord line of the wing.
temperature will increase and the static density will
A. Axial force.
A. decrease.
B. Drag.
B. stay constant.
C. Lift.
C. decrease and beyond a certain Mach number start
D. Normal force. increasing again.

D. increase.

That component of force parallel to the chord or axis of A

the wing or body and is equal to the form drag plus skin
The net aerodynamic forces can be resolved into what
friction at zero degree angle of attack.
two component forces?
A. Axial force.
A. Lift and drag
B. Drag.
B. Weight and drag
C. Lift.
C. Thrust and drag
D. Normal force.
D. Dynamic and static pressure

D
D
The force representing the resultant of the addition of
What must you do to remain in formation as your
all local aerodynamic and viscous forces on the wing
aircraft takes on fuel (increasing weight) from the
from which lift and drag forces are resolved.
tanker that is maintaining a constant altitude and true
A. Axial force. airspeed?

B. Drag. A. Maintain a constant AOA and TAS

C. Lift. B. Decrease AOA and increase TAS

D. Resultant force. C. Increase AOA and maintain constant TAS

D. Increase AOA and TAS

C An aircraft is climbing at a constant 350 KIAS. What

change occurs in Mach number as altitude increases?
High density altitude will:
A. Mach number increases
A. Decrease the power produced by an engine and
increase the thrust produced by the propeller or jet B. Mach number decreases

B. Increase the power produced by an engine and C. Mach number remains constant
increase the thrust produced by the propeller or jet
D. There is no Mach number at this speed
C. Decrease the power produced by an engine and
decrease the thrust produced by a propeller or jet
A
D. Increase the power produced by an engine and
decrease the thrust produced by the propeller or jet Due to friction along the connections of engine
components such as gears, lobes, shafts and any
mechanical transmission would tend to
A
A. Reduce the power being transmitted
For a given altitude, what are the properties of the
B. Increase the power being transmitted
input provided by the static pressure port in the pitot-
static system? C. Multiply the power being transmitted
A. The static pressure value will vary with changes in D. Nothing happen to the power being transmitted
aircraft true airspeed (TAS)

B. The static pressure value will vary with changes in

aircraft angle of attack (AOA) A

C. The static pressure value will vary with changes in Aerodynamic forces and moments exerted on a body
aircraft weight moving through a fluid stem from two sources:

D. The static pressure value will vary with changes in A. Pressure distribution and Shear stress distribution
atmospheric ambient static pressure and altitude B. Lift and Drag Distribution

C. Thrust and weight Distribution

C D. Thermal and Age distribution
When the value on the aircraft indicated airspeed (IAS)
indicator equal the aircraft true airspeed (TAS)
A
A. When static pressure at aircraft altitude is less than
static pressure at sea level, on a standard day Minimum Thrust Required is achieved when

B. When static pressure at aircraft altitude is greater A. Max Aerodynamic Efficiency

than static pressure at aircraft sea level, on a standard B. Min Aerodynamic Efficiency
day
C. Minimum Power Required
C. When static pressure at aircraft altitude equals static
pressure at sea level, on a standard day D. Maximum Power Available

D. When static pressure at aircraft altitude equals

density at sea level, on standard sea level
A C. Is proportional to the square root of the absolute
temperature of the air
The altitude at which the max R/C = 100 ft/min is the
D. Is directly proportional to the True Air Speed of the
A. Service ceiling
aircraft
B. Landing run

C. Take-off run
B
D. Absolute ceiling
Lift on a wing is most properly defined as the:

A. Differential pressure acting perpendicular to the

A chord of the wing

In order to ensure a margin of safety during take-off, B. Force acting perpendicular to the relative wind
the lift-off velocity is typically higher than the stalling
C. Reduced pressure resulting from a laminar flow over
velocity
the upper camber of an airfoil, which acts perpendicular
A. 20% to the mean camber

B. 25% D. Force acting parallel with the relative wind and in the
opposite direction
C. 30%

D. 35%
B

If the same angle of attack is maintained in ground

A effect as when out of ground effect, lift will:
For the maneuvering performance of airplanes, it is A. Increase, and induced drag will increase
advantageous to have the smallest r and the smallest ω
obtainable by B. Increase, and induced drag will decrease

A. Have the highest Load factor and The lowest possible C. Decrease, and induced drag will increase
velocity
D. Decrease, and induced drag will decrease
B. Have the lowest Load factor and The highest possible
velocity
A
C. Have the highest Load factor and The highest possible
velocity At higher elevation airports the pilot should know that
indicated airspeed:
D. Have the lowest Load factor and The lowest possible
velocity A. Will be unchanged, but ground speed will be faster

B. Will be higher, but ground speed will be unchanged

C C. Should be increased to compensate for the thinner

air
The speed of sound:
D. Should be higher to obtain a higher landing speed
A. Is dependent upon the True Air Speed and the Mach
number of the aircraft

B. Is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature D

On a wing, the force of lift acts perpendicular to, and C. The increased velocity of the relative wind overcomes
the force of drag acts parallel to the: the increased drag

A. Camber line D. Increasing speed decreases drag

B. Longitudinal axis

C. Chord line C

D. Flight path The point on an airfoil section through which lift acts is
the:

A. midpoint of the chord

C
B. center of gravity
An airfoil section is designed to produced lift resulting
from a difference in the: C. center of pressure

A. Negative air pressure below and a vacuum above the D. Aerodynamic center
surface

B. Vacuum below the surface and greater air pressure

C
above the surface
A line drawn from the leading edge to the trailing edge
C. Higher air pressure below the surface and lower air
of an airfoil section and equidistant at all points from
pressure above the surface
the upper and lower contours s called the:
D. Higher air pressure at the leading edge than at the
A. Chord line
trailing edge
B. Camber

C. Mean camber line

C
D. Longitudinal axis
When the angle of attack of a symmetrical airfoil is
increased, the center of pressure will:

A. Have very limited movement A

B. Move aft along the airfoil surface When considering an airfoil section at a constant angle
of attack, which of the following statements is true:
C. Remain unaffected
A. If the static pressure on one side is reduced more
D. Move forward to the leading edge
than on the other side, a pressure differential will exist.

B. If dynamic pressure is increased, the pressure

B differential will decrease

Why does increasing speed also increase lift? C. The pressure differential will increase if the dynamic
pressure is decreased
A. The increased impact of the relative wind on an
airfoils lower surface creates a greater amount of air D. Dynamic pressure and pressure differential are not
being deflected downward related

B. The increased speed of the air passing over an airfoils

upper surface decrease the static pressure, thus
C
creating a greater pressure differential between the
upper and lower surface
At zero angle of attack, the pressure along the upper D
surface of a symmetrical airfoil section would be:
Which relationship is correct when comparing drag and
A. Greater than atmospheric pressure airspeed?

B. Equal to atmospheric pressure A. Parasite drag varies inversely as the square of the
airspeed
C. Less than atmospheric pressure
B. Induced drag increases as the square of the airspeed
D. Non existent
C. Parasite drag increases as the square of the lift
coefficient divided by the aspect ratio
D
D. Induced drag varies inversely as the square of the
If more lift is required because of greater operating airspeed
weight, what must be done to fly at the angle of attack
which corresponds to CLmax:
A
A. Increase the angle of attack
A wing with a very high aspect ratio (in comparison with
B. Nothing, the angle of attack for CLmax is constant
a low aspect ratio of wing) will have:
C. It is impossible to fly at the angle of attack that
A. Poor control qualities at low airspeeds
corresponds to CLmax
B. Increased drag at high angles of attack
D. Increase the Indicated Air Speed(IAS)
C. A low stall speed

D. Reducing bending moment on its attachments points

A

What is the effect on total drag of an aircraft if the

airspeed decreases in level flight below that speed for A
maximum L/D?
For an aircraft climbing at a constant IAS the Mach
A. Drag increases because of increased induced drag number will:

B. Drag decreased because of lower induced drag A. Increase

C. Drag decreases because of increased parasite drag B. Decrease

D. Drag decreases because of lower parasite drag C. Remain constant

D. Initially show an increase, then decrease

By changing the angle of attack of a wing, the pilot can D

control the airplane's:
When considering air:
A. Lift and airspeed, but not drag
1- Air has mass
B. Lift, gross weight, and drag
2- Air is not compressible
C. Lift, airspeed, and drag
3- Air is able to flow of change its shape when subjected
D. Lift and drag, but not airspeed to even small pressure

4- The viscosity of air is very high

5- Moving air has kinetic energy A. The normal axis obtained by elevator

B. The lateral axis obtained by rudder

The correct combination of all true statements is: C. The longitudinal axis obtained by ailerons

A. 1, 2, 3 and 5 D. The normal axis obtained by rudder

B. 2, 3 and 4

C. 1 and 4 C

D. 1, 3 and 5 The control surface which gives longitudinal control is:

A. The rudder

C B. The aileron

The inputs to an Air speed indicator are from: C. The elevators

A. A static source D. The flaps

B. Pitot pressure

C. A pitot and static source C

D. Pitot, Static and density Aileron gives:

A. Lateral control about the lateral axis

D B. Longitudinal control about the lateral axis

Spoiler's, when used for roll control will: C. Lateral control about the longitudinal axis

A. Reinforce the boundary layer D. Directional control about the normal axis

B. Great turbulence at the wing root

C. Increase the camber at the wing root B

D. Decrease lift on the upper wing surface when With flaps lowered, the stalling speed will:
deployed asymmetrically
A. Increase

B. Decrease
B
C. Increase, but occur at a higher angle of attack
The speed of sound is affected by:
D. Remain the same
A. Pressure

B. Temperature
B
C. Density
When a leading edge slot is opened, the stalling speed
D. Viscosity will:

A. Increase

D B. Decrease

Yawing is a rotation about: C. Remain the same but will occur at a higher angle of
attack
D. Remain the same but will occur at a lower angle of (c) Concept is only limited for incompressible flows
attack
(d) None of the Above

B
D
With a full flap, the maximum L/D ratio:
This is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the
A. Increases and the stalling angle increases particles in a gas

B. Decreases and the stalling speed decreases (a) Pressure

C. Remains the same and the stalling angle remains the (b) Density
same
(c) Specific Volume
D. Remains the same and the stalling angle decreases
(d) Temperature

C
A
An airplane will stall at the same:
Which of the following is correct about incompressible
A. Angle of attack and attitude with relation to the flows?
horizon
(a) Variation of density is not significant
B. Airspeed regardless of the attitude with relation to
(b) Flow velocity is greater than 100 m/s
the horizon
(c) Applicable to supersonic vehicles
C. Angle of attack regardless of the attitude with
relation to the horizon (d) Valid for all kinds of subsonic flows
D. Indicated airspeed regardless of altitude , bank angle
and load factor
B

It is an aircraft instrument that measures the total

C pressure at a point in the flow.
The following utilize air breathing engines except. (a) Static port
(a) Airplanes (b) Pitot tube
(b) Helicopters (c) Altimeter
(c) Rockets (d) Velocimeter
(d) Hot Air Balloon

C
A Which of the following is true about lift generation in an
aircraft wing?
Which of the statements is true about Bernoulli'
principle? (a) High pressure is created at the upper surface of the
wing and low pressure at the lower surface
(a) Mass and energy are conserved
(b) Equal pressures are created at the upper and lower
(b) It applies to turbulent flows
surfaces of the wing
(c) Low pressure is created at the upper surface of the (d) Usable for gases in which intermolecular forces are
wing and high pressure at the lower surface weak

(d) Low pressure is created at the leading edge of the

wing and high pressure at the trailing edge
B

What is the relationship of area and velocity in very low

A velocity airflow?

What qualifies a flow to be classified as subsonic? (a) As area increases, velocity of the fluid increases

(a) Slower than the speed of sound (b) As velocity increases, the area occupied by the fluid
decreases
(b) Faster than the speed of sound
(c) As area increases, the velocity remains the same
(c) Slower than the speed of light
(d) As velocity decreases, the area occupied by the fluid
(d) Faster than the speed of light
remains the same

C
A
The following statements are true about streamlines
The following are vector quantities except?
except?
(a) Speed
(a) A group of streamlines is called a streamtube
(b) Position
(b) Bernoulli's principle is applicable to streamlines
(c) Displacement
(c) All streamlines are smooth
(d) Velocity
(d) All of the above

D
D
It is the science that deals with the interaction of
It is the basis of standard altitude.
objects in air.
(a) Absolute altitude
(a) Hydrodynamics
(b) Geometric altitude
(b) Thermodynamics
(c) Pressure altitude
(c) Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
(d) Geopotential altitude
(d) Aerodynamics

C
D
Which of the following is not true about equation of
A flow that is both insulated and frictionless.
state for a perfect gas?
(a) Isobaric
(a) Relates pressure, temperature, density of a gas
(b) Adiabatic
(b) Applicable to supersonic flows
(c) Isochoric
(c) Valid for hypersonic flows
(d) Isentropic
 It is the sum of indicated airspeed and position as well
compressibility errors.
C
(a) Equivalent
The speed of sound is greatly a function of?
(b) Calibrated
(a) Density
(c) True
(b) Pressure
(d) Cruising
(c) Temperature

(d) Velocity
D

It is a flow classification that is between subsonic and

A
supersonic.
It is the design maneuvering speed.
(a) Hypersonic
(a) VA
(b) Ultrasonic
(b) VB
(c) High Speed Subsonic
(c) VC
(d) Transonic
(d) VD

A
B
What happens to the pressure across the shockwave?
What happens to the pressure of the fluid at isothermal
(a) increase
regions?
(b) decrease
(a) Pressure increases as height increases
(c) remains the same
(b) Pressure decreases as height increases
(d) none of the above
(c) Pressure remains the same

(d) None of the above

C

The aircraft is said to be trimmed if?

B
(a) The moment at aerodynamic center is zero
A type of aerodynamic flow where effects of friction are
held negligible. (b) The rotation at center of pressure is zero

(a) Incompressible (c) The rotation at center of gravity is zero

(b) Inviscid (d) The rotation at geometric center is zero

(c) Compressible

(d) Viscous C

It is the angle between the chord line and the

longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
A
(a) Sweep angle
(b) Angle of Attack

(c) Angle of Incidence B

(d) Dihedral Angle The location of aerodynamic center for usual subsonic
airfoils can normally be found at (where c =chord)

(a) near c/2 as angle of attack decreases

B
(b) c/4 regardless of angle of attack
Which of the following statements is true about
maximum L/D ratio? (c) near c/4 as angle of attack decreases

(a) can be found where Cl is at maximum (d) it ranges from c/4 to c/2 regardless of angle of
attack
(b) can be found where Cd is minimum

(c) located where both Cl and Cd are minimum

D
(d) located where both Cl and Cd are maximum
Which of the following statements is true about airfoil
thickness?
C
(a) Critical Mach number increases as the thickness of
What happens to the value of lift as velocity is doubled? the airfoil increases

(a) lift is doubled (b) Critical Mach number has nothing to do with airfoil
thickness
(b) lift is tripled
(c) Critical Mach number decreases as thickness
(c) lift is quadrupled decreases
(d) lift is reduced by half (d) None of the Above

D D
What is the value of pressure coefficient at low speeds? If an airplane in flight is disturbed from equilibrium and
(a) Cpo > Cp has the tendency to return to equilibrium,

(b) Cpo < Cp a. neutral static stability exists

(c) Cpo = Cpcr b. directional static stability exists

(d) Cpo = Cp c. negative static stability exists

d. positive static stability exists

What is the relationship between drag coefficient and D

lift coefficient? What must you do to remain in formation as your
(a) Cd = Cl² aircraft takes on fuel (increasing weight) from the
tanker that is maintaining a constant altitude and true
(b) Cd² = Cl airspeed?
(c) 2Cd = 2Cl

(d) Cd = 2Cl
a. Maintain a constant AOA and TAS b. PR increases by the same amount as the velocity

b. Decrease AOA and increase TAS c. PR increases but the velocity does not

c. Increase AOA and maintain constant TAS d. PR decreases by the same amount as the velocity

d. Increase AOA and TAS

B The total pressure is:

When the reynold's number is above 4000 the flow is A. ½ρV2

a. Laminar B. static pressure minus the dynamic pressure.

b. Turbulent C. static pressure plus the dynamic pressure.

c. Supersonic D. can be measured in a small hole in a surface, parallel

to the local stream.
d. Critical flow

A
D
Which of the following is true regarding radius of turn
Why should flight speeds above VNE be avoided?
during level coordinated flight?
a. Excessive induced drag will result in structural failure
a. The greater the weight, the wider the turn will be.
b. A high speed stall is most likely to occur
b. The greater the angle of bank, the wider the turn will
c. Control effectiveness is impaired that the aircraft is be.
uncontrollable
c. The greater the wing area, the wider the turn will be.
d. Design limit load factors may be exceeded, if gusts
d. The higher the angle of attack, the wider the turn will
are encountered
be

C
D
In order to overcome induced drag, power required
For best maximum endurance, an airplane should have
varies:
the following characteristics except
a. inversely with v2
a. highest propeller efficiency
b. inversely with v3
b. lowest specific consumption
c. inversely with v
c. highest fuel weight
d. directly with v2
d. flight at altitude

B
B
The power required curves for an increase in altitude
Which of the following factors will lead to an increase of
show that the:
ground distance during a glide?
a. PR remains the same as altitude increases
a. Decrease the airplane's gross weight
b. By means of the presence of tailwind

c. By means of the presence of headwind

d. Increase in airplane's weight

What is the primary factor in determining calibrated

airspeed?

a. Headwind

b. Density

c. Tailwind

d. Instrument error

This situation happens every time the helicopter's main

rotor is at rest.

a. Rotor coning

b. Rotor droop

c. Feathering

d. Rotor tracking