A941
A941
Terminology Relating to
Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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cold working, n—mechanical deformation of a metal at below the recrystallization temperature to increase the
temperatures below its recrystallization temperature. yield strength and hardness by plastic deformation or pre-
defect, n—an imperfection of sufficient magnitude to warrant cipitation hardening effects induced by plastic deformation,
rejection based on the specified requirements. or both.
direct quenching, n—in thermomechanical processing, hot working, n—mechanical deformation of a metal at tem-
quenching immediately following the final hot deformation. peratures above its recrystallization temperature.
electronic data interchange, n—the computer to computer imperfection, n—a material discontinuity or irregularity that is
exchange of business information in a standardized format. detectable by inspection.
ellipsis, n—in a tabular entry, three periods (...) that indicate inclusion shape control, n—the addition of elements during
that there is no requirement. steel making in order to affect the inclusion morphology.
ferroalloy, n—an alloy of iron and one or more other metals, inspection, n—the process of measuring, examining, testing,
for use as an addition to the molten metal during the gaging, or otherwise comparing the unit of product with the
manufacture of steels, nickel alloys, or cobalt alloys. applicable requirements.
fine grain practice, n—a steelmaking practice for other than interstitial-free steel, n—a steel that has essentially all of its
stainless steel that is intended to produce a killed steel that carbon and nitrogen chemically combined with stabilization
is capable of meeting the requirements specified for fine elements rather than being present interstitially.
austenitic grain size. DISCUSSION—The heat analysis limits (minimum or maximum, or
DISCUSSION—It normally involves the addition of one or more both) that are permitted to be prescribed in interstitial-free steel
austenitic grain refining elements in amounts that have been established specifications are as given in the definition for carbon steel, except that
by the steel producer as being sufficient. Austenitic grain refining the 0.050 % maximum limit for titanium does not apply.
elements include, but are not limited to, aluminum, niobium (colum-
bium), titanium, and vanadium.
killed steel, n—a steel deoxidized to such a level that
essentially no reaction occurred between carbon and oxygen
grain size, n—the dimensions of the grains or crystals in a during solidification.
polycrystalline metal, exclusive of twinned regions and laser beam welding, n—a welding process that uses a laser
subgrains when present. beam as the heat source.
DISCUSSION—Grain size is usually estimated or measured on the lot, n—a definite quantity of product manufactured under
cross section of an aggregate of grains, and designated by an ASTM conditions that are considered uniform.
grain size number. (See Test Methods E 112.) low-alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a carbon steel or an
interstitial-free steel, that conforms to a specification that
heat, n—a generic term denoting a specific lot of steel, based
requires the minimum content for each specified alloying
upon steelmaking and casting considerations.
element to be lower than the applicable limit in the definition
DISCUSSION—Where it is necessary to be more definitive, the follow- for alloy steel.
ing more specific terms are used: primary heat, multiple heat, and manufacturer, n—the organization responsible for the conver-
remelted heat. In product specifications, the term heat generally is sion of materials into products meeting the requirements of
used, without qualification, to mean the primary, multiple, or re-
melted heat, whichever is applicable.
a product specification.
microalloyed steel, n—a low-alloy steel that conforms to a
heat analysis, n—the chemical analysis determined by the specification that requires the presence of one or more
steel producer as being representative of a specific heat of carbide-, nitride-, or carbonitride-forming elements, gener-
steel. ally in individual concentrations less than 0.15 mass percent,
DISCUSSION—Where the analysis reported by the steel producer is not to enhance strength.
sufficiently complete for conformance with the heat analysis require- DISCUSSION—The most common microalloying elements are niobium
ments of the applicable product specification to be fully assessed, the (columbium), titanium, and vanadium.
manufacturer may complete the assessment of conformance with such
heat analysis requirements by using a product analysis for the specified multiple heat, n—two or more molten primary heats, in
elements that were not reported by the steel producer, provided that whole or in part, combined in a common ladle or in a
product analysis tolerances are not applied and the heat analysis is not common non-oscillating mold.
altered.
DISCUSSION—A multiple heat is identified by a single heat number
heat number, n—the alpha, numeric, or alphanumeric desig- representative of the multiple heat, or by the individual heat numbers
nator used to identify a specific heat of steel. of the primary heats contained in the multiple heat. The heat
high-strength low-alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a carbon analysis of a multiple heat identified by a single heat number is the
steel or an interstitial-free steel, that conforms to a speci- weighted average analysis of the individual primary heats contained in
fication that requires the minimum content for each specified the multiple heat. Two or more molten primary heats sequentially
strand cast (poured into an oscillating mold) constitute a series of
alloying element to be lower than the applicable limit in the individual heats, not a multiple heat.
definition for alloy steel, and the yield point or yield strength
of the product to be at least 36 ksi or 250 MPa. plate-as-rolled, n—the quantity of plate product rolled at one
hot-cold working, n—the mechanical deformation of austen- time, either from an individual slab or directly from an ingot.
itic and precipitation hardening steels at a temperature just
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DISCUSSION—This term does not refer to the surface condition or the steels may contain more than 2 % carbon; however, 2 % carbon is
heat-treatment state of the material; a plate-as-rolled may be in the generally considered to be the demarcation between steel and cast iron.
as-rolled condition, or may have received one or more surface
treatments or heat treatments, or both. strain hardening, n—an increase in hardness and strength of
a metal caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below
primary heat, n—the product of a single cycle of a batch its recrystallization temperature. (Syn. work hardening)
melting process. test record, n—a document or electronic record that contains
DISCUSSION—In the investment casting industry, the term master heat the observations and derived data obtained by applying a
is used. given test method.
test report, n—a document that presents the applicable quali-
product analysis, n—a chemical analysis of a specimen taken
tative or quantitative results obtained by applying one or
from the semi-finished product or the finished product.
more given test methods.
remelted heat, n—the product of the remelting of a primary
heat, in whole or in part. DISCUSSION—A single document, containing test report information
and certificate of compliance information, may be used.
DISCUSSION—In the investment casting industry, the term sub-heat is
used. unspecified element, n—in steel, an element not controlled to
a specified minimum, maximum, or range, in accordance
residual element, n—in steel, a specified or unspecified
with the requirements of the applicable product specifica-
element, not intentionally added, originating in the raw
tion.
materials, refractories, or surrounding atmospheres used in
steel making. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of
rimmed steel, n—a steel that contained sufficient oxygen to Steels:
generate carbon monoxide at the boundary between the solid Accm, Ac1, Ac3, Ac4—See transformation temperature.
metal and the remaining molten metal during solidification, Aecm, Ae1, Ae3, Ae4—See transformation temperature.
resulting in an outer layer low in carbon. age hardening, n—hardening by aging, usually after rapid
semikilled steel, n—an incompletely deoxidized steel that cooling or cold working.
contained sufficient oxygen to form enough entrapped car- aging, n—a change in the properties of certain steels that
bon monoxide during solidification to offset solidification occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after
shrinkage. hot working or a heat treatment (quench aging, natural
specified element, n—in steel, an element controlled to a aging, or artificial aging) or after a cold-working operation
specified minimum, maximum, or range, in accordance with
the requirements of the applicable product specification. (strain aging).
stabilized stainless steel, n—a stainless steel that conforms to
a specification that prescribes limits (minimum or range) for DISCUSSION—The change in properties is often, but not always, due to
precipitation hardening, but never involves a change in the chemical
niobium (columbium), tantalum, titanium, or a combination composition of the steel.
thereof.
DISCUSSION—Such limits are sometimes expressed as a function of annealing, n—a generic term covering any of several heat
the carbon and nitrogen contents. In an appropriately annealed condi- treatments.
tion, a stabilized stainless steel will resist sensitization to intergranular
DISCUSSION—This treatment is used for purposes such as reducing
corrosion associated with the precipitation of chromium carbide at
hardness, improving machinability, facilitating cold working, produc-
grain boundaries as a result of thermal exposure, such as annealing,
ing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired mechanical, physical,
stress relieving, welding, or high temperature service. Resistance to
or other properties. Where applicable, it is preferred that the following
sensitization to intergranular corrosion is dependent upon the corrosiv-
more specific terms be used: box annealing, bright annealing, flame
ity of the environment. The condition of being stabilized with respect
annealing, full annealing, graphitization annealing, intermediate
to sensitization is frequently demonstrated by passing one or more
annealing, isothermal annealing, process annealing, recrystalliza-
standard corrosion tests for sensitization.
tion annealing, spheroidizing, and subcritical annealing. The term
stainless steel, n—a steel that conforms to a specification that “annealing,” without qualification, implies full annealing. Any pro-
requires, by mass percent, a minimum chromium content of cess of annealing will usually reduce stresses; however, if the
treatment is applied for the sole purpose of stress reduction, it should be
10.5 or more, and a maximum carbon content of less than
designated stress relieving.
1.20.
steel, n—a material that conforms to a specification that Arcm, Ar1, Ar3, Ar4—See transformation temperature.
requires, by mass percent, more iron than any other element artificial aging, n—aging above room temperature.
and a maximum carbon content of generally less than 2. austempering, n—heat treatment involving quenching a
DISCUSSION—The iron content requirement is not normally stated in steel object from a temperature above the transformation
the specification and is not normally determined by chemical analysis, range in a medium maintained at a temperature above the
but is taken to be 100 % minus the sum of the mean values permitted martensite range sufficiently fast to avoid the formation of
by the specification for all other elements having a specified range or a high temperature transformation products, and then holding
specified maximum. For conformance purposes, this calculated value
for iron is compared on an individual basis to the mean values
it at that temperature until transformation is complete.
permitted by the specification for each of the other elements having a austenitizing, n—forming austenite by heating a steel object
specified range or a specified maximum. Some chromium-containing above the transformation range.
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baking, n—heating to a low temperature in order to remove the outer portion of a steel object by means of diffusion at
gases. high temperature.
batch furnace, n—a heating device within which steel objects cold treatment, n—exposing a steel object to temperatures
are held stationary or oscillated during the thermal process- below room temperature for the purpose of obtaining desired
ing cycle. conditions or properties, such as dimensional or structural
blank carburizing, n—simulating the carburizing operation stability.
without introducing carbon. conditioning heat treatment, n—a preliminary heat treat-
ment used to prepare a steel object for a desired reaction to
DISCUSSION—This is usually accomplished by using an inert material
in place of the carburizing agent, or by applying a suitable protective a subsequent heat treatment.
coating on the object being heat treated. continuous-conveyance furnace, n—a heating device through
which steel objects are intentionally moved at a constant rate
blank nitriding, n—simulating the nitriding operation without during the thermal processing cycle.
introducing nitrogen. controlled cooling, n—cooling a steel object from an elevated
DISCUSSION—This is usually accomplished by using an inert material temperature in a predetermined manner to avoid hardening,
in place of the nitriding agent, or by applying a suitable protective cracking, or internal damage, or to produce a desired
coating on the object being heat treated. microstructure or mechanical properties.
bluing, n—subjecting the scale-free surface of a steel object to core, n—in case hardening, the interior portion of unaltered
the action of air, steam, or other agents at a suitable composition or microstructure, or both, of a case hardened
temperature, thereby forming a thin blue film of oxide and steel object.
improving the object’s appearance and corrosion resistance. core, n—in clad products, the central portion of a multilayer
composite metallic material.
DISCUSSION—This term is ordinarily applied to sheet, strip, or
critical cooling rate, n—the slowest rate of continuous cool-
finished parts. It is used also to denote the heating of springs after
fabrication in order to improve their properties. ing at which austenite can be cooled from above the
transformation range to prevent its transformation above
box annealing, n—annealing in a sealed container under Ms.
conditions that minimize oxidation. cycle annealing, n—annealing employing a predetermined
DISCUSSION—The charge is usually heated slowly to a temperature and closely controlled time-temperature cycle to produce
below the transformation range, but sometimes above or within it, specific properties or a specific microstructure.
and is then cooled slowly. decarburization, n—the loss of carbon from the surface of a
bright annealing, n—annealing in a protective medium to steel object as a result of its being heated in a medium that
prevent discoloration of the bright surface. reacts with the carbon.
carbon potential, n—the carbon content at the surface of a differential heating, n—heating that intentionally produces a
specimen of pure iron in equilibrium with the carburizing temperature gradient within a steel object such that, after
medium considered, and under the conditions specified. cooling, a desired stress distribution or variation in proper-
carbon restoration, n—replacing the carbon lost from the ties is present within the object.
surface layer in previous processing by carburizing this layer diffusion coating, n—any process whereby a base metal is
to substantially the original carbon level. either coated with another metal and heated to a sufficient
carbonitriding, n—case hardening in which a suitable steel temperature in a suitable environment, or exposed to a
object is heated above Ac1 in a gaseous atmosphere of such gaseous or liquid medium containing the other metal,
composition as to cause simultaneous absorption of carbon thereby causing diffusion of the coating or other metal into
and nitrogen by the surface and, by diffusion, to create a the base metal, with a resultant change in the composition
concentration gradient. and properties of its surface.
carburizing, n—a process in which an austenitized steel object direct quenching, n—in thermochemical processing, quench-
is brought into contact with a carbonaceous environment of ing immediately following the thermochemical treatment.
sufficient carbon potential to cause absorption of carbon at double aging, n—employment of two different aging treat-
the surface and, by diffusion, to create a concentration ments, in sequence, to control the type of precipitate formed
gradient. from a supersaturated alloy matrix in order to obtain the
case, n—in case hardening, the outer portion that has been desired properties.
made harder than the core as a result of altered composition DISCUSSION—the first aging treatment, sometimes referred to as
or microstructure, or both, from treatments such as carbur- intermediate or stabilizing, is usually carried out at a higher tempera-
izing, nitriding, and induction hardening. ture than the second.
case hardening, n—a generic term covering any of several
double tempering, n—a treatment in which a quench-
processes applicable to steel that change the chemical
hardened steel object is given two complete tempering
composition or microstructure, or both, of the surface layer.
cycles at substantially the same temperature for the purpose
DISCUSSION—The processes commonly used are: carburizing and of ensuring completion of the tempering reaction and pro-
quench hardening; nitriding; and carbonitriding. It is preferred that moting stability of the resultant microstructure.
the applicable specific process name be used.
ferritizing anneal, n—a heat treatment that produces a
cementation, n—the introduction of one or more elements into predominantly ferritic matrix in a steel object.
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flame annealing, n—annealing in which the heat is applied that of the quenching medium.
directly by a flame. isothermal annealing, n—austenitizing a steel object and
flame hardening, n—a process in which only the surface layer then cooling it to, and holding it at, a temperature at which
of a suitable steel object is heated by flame to above Ac3 or austenite transforms to a ferrite-carbide aggregate.
Accm, and then the object is quenched. isothermal transformation, n—a change in phase at any
fog quenching, n—quenching in a mist. constant temperature.
full annealing, n—annealing a steel object by austenitizing it Mf , Ms—See transformation temperature.
and then cooling it slowly through the transformation maraging, n—a precipitation hardening treatment applied to a
range. special group of alloy steels to precipitate one or more
DISCUSSION—The austenitizing temperature is usually above Ac3 for
intermetallic compounds in a matrix of essentially carbon-
hypoeutectoid steels and between Ac1 and Accm for hypereutectoid free martensite.
steels. martempering, n—quenching an austenitized steel object in a
medium at a temperature in the upper part of, or slightly
grain growth, n—an increase in the grain size of a steel object, above, the martensite range, holding it in the medium until
usually as a result of exposure to elevated temperatures. its temperature is substantially uniform throughout, and then
graphitization annealing, n—annealing a steel object in such cooling it in air through the martensite range.
a way that some or all of the carbon is precipitated as martensite range, n—the temperature interval between Ms
graphite. and Mf.
hardenability, n—the property that determines the depth and natural aging, n—spontaneous aging of a super-saturated
distribution of hardness induced by quenching a steel solid solution at room temperature.
object. nitriding, n—introducing nitrogen into a solid steel object by
hardening, n—increasing the hardness by suitable treatment, holding it at a suitable temperature in contact with a
usually involving heating and cooling. nitrogenous environment.
DISCUSSION—Where applicable, it is preferred that the following normalizing, n—heating a steel object to a suitable tempera-
more specific terms be used: age hardening, case hardening, flame ture above the transformation range and then cooling it in
hardening, induction hardening, precipitation hardening, and air to a temperature substantially below the transformation
quench hardening. range.
heat treatment, n—heating and cooling a steel object in such overaging, n—aging under conditions of time and temperature
a way as to obtain desired conditions or properties. greater than those required to obtain maximum change in a
certain property, so that the property is altered away from the
DISCUSSION—Heating for the sole purpose of hot working is excluded
from the meaning of this definition.
maximum.
overheating, n—heating a steel object to such a high tempera-
homogeneous carburizing, n—a process that converts a ture that excessive grain growth occurs.
low-carbon steel to one of substantially uniform and higher
DISCUSSION—Unlike burning, it may be possible to restore the
carbon content throughout the section, so that a specific
original properties/microstructure by further heat treatment or mechani-
response to hardening may be obtained. cal working, or a combination thereof.
homogenizing, n—holding a steel object at high temperature
to eliminate or decrease chemical segregation by diffusion. patenting, n—in wire making, heating a medium-carbon or
hot quenching, n—an imprecise term used to cover a variety high-carbon steel before wire drawing, or between drafts, to
of quenching procedures in which the quenching medium is a temperature above the transformation range, and then
maintained at a prescribed temperature above 160 °F or 70 cooling it in air, or a bath of molten lead or salt, to a
°C. temperature below Ae1.
induction hardening, n—in surface hardening, a process in post-weld heat treatment, n—heating weldments immedi-
which only the surface layer of a suitable steel object is ately after welding, to provide tempering, stress relieving,
heated by electrical induction to above Ac3 or Accm, and then or a controlled rate of cooling to prevent formation of a hard
the object is quenched. or brittle microstructure.
induction hardening, n—in through hardening, a process in precipitation hardening, n—hardening caused by the pre-
which a suitable steel object is heated by electrical induction cipitation of a constituent from a supersaturated solid solu-
to above Ac3 or Accm throughout its section, and then the tion.
object is quenched. precipitation heat treatment, n—artificial aging in which a
induction heating, n—heating by electrical induction. constituent precipitates from a supersaturated solid solution.
intermediate annealing, n—annealing wrought steel objects preheating, n—for tool steels, heating to an intermediate
at one or more stages during manufacture prior to final temperature immediately before final austenitizing.
thermal treatment. preheating, n—heating before welding, a mechanical treat-
interrupted aging, n—aging at two or more temperatures, by ment, or some further thermal treatment.
steps, and cooling to room temperature after each step. process annealing, n—in the sheet and wire industries,
interrupted quenching, n—quenching in which the object heating a steel object to a temperature close to, but below,
being quenched is removed from the quenching medium Ac1 and then cooling it, in order to soften it for further cold
while the object is at a temperature substantially higher than working.
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progressive aging, n—aging by increasing the temperature in temperature, holding it at that temperature long enough to
steps, or continuously, during the aging cycle. cause one or more constituents to enter into solid solution,
quench aging, n—aging associated with quenching after and then cooling it rapidly enough to hold such constituents
solution heat treatment. in solution.
quench hardening, n—hardening a steel object by austen- spheroidizing, n—heating and cooling a steel object to pro-
itizing it, and then cooling it rapidly enough that some or all duce a spheroidal or globular form of carbide in its micro-
of the austenite transforms to martensite. structure.
DISCUSSION—The austenitizing temperature is usually above Ac3 for DISCUSSION—Spheroidizing methods commonly used are the follow-
hypoeutectoid steels and between Ac1 and Accm for hypereutectoid ing: (1) prolonged holding at a temperature just below Ae1; (2) heating
steels. and cooling alternately between temperatures that are just above, and
just below, Ae1; (3) heating to a temperature above Ae1 or Ae3 and then
quenching, n—rapid cooling. cooling very slowly in the furnace or holding at a temperature just
DISCUSSION—Where applicable, it is preferred that the following below Ae1; (4) cooling, from the minimum temperature at which all
more specific terms be used: fog quenching, hot quenching, inter- carbide is dissolved, at a rate suitable to prevent the reformation of a
rupted quenching, selective quenching, spray quenching, and time carbide network, and then reheating in accordance with Method (1) or
quenching. (2) above. (Applicable to hypereutectoid steels containing a carbide
network.)
recrystallization, n—the formation of a new grain structure
spray quenching, n—quenching in a spray of liquid.
through a nucleation and growth process.
stabilizing treatment, n—any treatment intended to stabilize
DISCUSSION—This is commonly produced by subjecting a steel the microstructure or dimensions of a steel object.
object, which may be strained, to suitable conditions of time and strain aging, n—aging induced by cold working.
temperature. stress relieving, n—heating a steel object to a suitable tem-
recrystallization annealing, n—annealing a cold-worked perature, holding it long enough to reduce residual stresses,
steel object to produce a new grain structure without a and then cooling it slowly enough to minimize the develop-
change in phase. ment of new residual stresses.
recrystallization temperature, n—the approximate minimum subcritical annealing, n—annealing at a temperature slightly
temperature at which recrystallization of a cold-worked steel below Ac1.
object occurs within a specified time. surface hardening, n—a generic term covering any of several
secondary hardening, n—the hardening phenomenon that processes that, by quench hardening only, produce in a
occurs during high-temperature tempering of certain steels steel object a surface layer that is harder or more wear
containing one or more carbide-forming alloying elements. resistant than the core.
selective heating, n—intentionally heating only certain por- DISCUSSION—There is no significant alteration of the chemical
tions of a steel object. composition of the surface layer. Where applicable, it is preferred that
selective quenching, n—quenching only certain portions of a the following more specific terms be used: induction hardening, flame
steel object. hardening, and shell hardening.
semicontinuous-conveyance furnace, n—a heating device temper brittleness, n—brittleness that results when certain
through which steel objects are intentionally moved in steels are held within, or are cooled slowly through, a certain
accordance with a predetermined start-stop-start pattern range of temperature below the transformation range.
during the thermal processing cycle. tempering, n—reheating a quench hardened or normalized
shell hardening, n—a surface hardening process in which a steel object to a temperature below Ac1, and then cooling it
suitable steel object, when heated through and quench at any desired rate.
hardened, develops a martensitic layer or shell that closely thermochemical treatment, n—a heat treatment carried out
follows the contour of the piece and surrounds a core of in a medium suitably chosen to produce a change in the
essentially pearlitic transformation product. chemical composition of the steel object by exchange with
DISCUSSION—This result is accomplished by a proper balance be- the medium.
tween section size, hardenability, and severity of quench. time quenching, n—interrupted quenching in which the
duration of holding in the quenching medium is controlled.
slack quenching, n—the incomplete hardening of a steel
transformation ranges, n—those ranges of temperature
object due to quenching from the austenitizing temperature
within which austenite forms during heating and transforms
at a rate slower than the critical cooling rate for the
during cooling.
particular steel composition, resulting in the formation of
one or more transformation products in addition to marten- DISCUSSION—The two ranges are distinct, sometimes overlapping but
site. never coinciding. The limiting temperatures of the ranges are depen-
dent upon the steel composition and the rate of change of temperature,
snap temper, n—a precautionary interim stress-relieving treat-
particularly during cooling.
ment applied to a high-hardenability steel immediately after
quenching to prevent cracking because of delay in temper- transformation temperature, n—the temperature at which a
ing it at the prescribed higher temperature. change in phase occurs, with the limiting temperatures of the
soaking, n—prolonged holding at a selected temperature. transformation ranges designated using the following sym-
solution heat treatment, n—heating a steel object to a suitable bols:
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Accm—the temperature at which the solution of cementite in Ar1—the temperature at which transformation of austenite to
austenite is completed during heating. ferrite or to ferrite plus cementite is completed during cooling.
Ac1—the temperature at which austenite begins to form Ar3—the temperature at which austenite begins to transform
during heating. to ferrite during cooling.
Ac3—the temperature at which transformation of ferrite to Ar4—the temperature at which delta ferrite transforms to
austenite is completed during heating. austenite during cooling.
Mf—the temperature at which transformation of austenite to
Ac4—the temperature at which austenite transforms to delta martensite is substantially completed during cooling.
ferrite during heating. Ms—the temperature at which transformation of austenite to
Ae1, Ae3, Aecm, Ae4—the temperatures of phase change at martensite starts during cooling.
equilibrium.
DISCUSSION—All of the above changes, except the formation of
Arcm—the temperature at which precipitation of cementite martensite, occur at lower temperatures during cooling than during
starts during cooling. heating, and are dependent upon the rate of change of temperature.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this terminology since the last issue,
A 941 – 04, that may impact the use of this terminology. (Approved July 1, 2004)
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this terminology since the last issue, A 941 – 03, that may
impact the use of this terminology. (Approved April 1, 2004)
(1) Added a definition for product analysis in 3.1. (4) Deleted the definitions for black annealing, cyaniding, and
(2) Added an entry for check analysis in 3.1. quench annealing in 3.2; deleted all references in 3.2 to those
(3) Added a definition for feroalloy in 3.1. terms.
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