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    Breaking Brackets and Simplifying

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    Boris
    This document discusses techniques for simplifying algebraic expressions including: 1) Collecting like terms, such as 3a + a = 4a or 7b + 3b = 10b. 2) Multiplying terms by leaving out the multiplication sign and ordering variables alphabetically, such as 4a × 2b × 3c = 24abc. 3) Multiplying all terms inside brackets by the number or term outside the brackets, such as 4(a + b) = 4a + 4b.

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    Breaking Brackets and Simplifying

    Uploaded by

    Boris
    95 views5 pages
    This document discusses techniques for simplifying algebraic expressions including: 1) Collecting like terms, such as 3a + a = 4a or 7b + 3b = 10b. 2) Multiplying terms by leaving out the multiplication sign and ordering variables alphabetically, such as 4a × 2b × 3c = 24abc. 3) Multiplying all terms inside brackets by the number or term outside the brackets, such as 4(a + b) = 4a + 4b.

    Original Description:

    Introduction to algebra

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    This document discusses techniques for simplifying algebraic expressions including: 1) Collecting like terms, such as 3a + a = 4a or 7b + 3b = 10b. 2) Multiplying terms by leaving out the multiplication sign and ordering variables alphabetically, such as 4a × 2b × 3c = 24abc. 3) Multiplying all terms inside brackets by the number or term outside the brackets, such as 4(a + b) = 4a + 4b.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    95 views5 pages

    Breaking Brackets and Simplifying

    Uploaded by

    Boris
    This document discusses techniques for simplifying algebraic expressions including: 1) Collecting like terms, such as 3a + a = 4a or 7b + 3b = 10b. 2) Multiplying terms by leaving out the multiplication sign and ordering variables alphabetically, such as 4a × 2b × 3c = 24abc. 3) Multiplying all terms inside brackets by the number or term outside the brackets, such as 4(a + b) = 4a + 4b.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    ALGEBRA

    Like Terms

    3a + 4b + a + 5b is an algebraic expression. 3a + a are called like


    terms because they both contain the same letter. To simplify
    an expression we collect together like terms. You can only add
    or subtract when the letters are the same.

    Simplifying expressions

    Example 1 7b + 3b = 10b
    Example 2 x + 6x + 3x = 10x
    Example 3 5p + 8p – 4p = 9p
    Example 4 m + m – 2m = 0

    Collecting together like terms and then simplifying

    Example 1 3a + 2b + 4a + 6b – collect together the a’s then the b’s


    = 7a + 8b (3a + 4a + 2b + 6b)

    Example 2 8p + 5q – 2p + 7q
    = 6p + 12q (8p – 2p + 5q + 7q)

    Example 3 9g – 7h – 4g + 10h
    = 5g + 3h (9g – 4g – 7h + 10h)

    Example 4 6c + 12 + 8c
    = 14c + 12 (6c + 8c + 12)

    Example 5 4v – 2u + 7v + 2u
    = 11v (4v + 7v – 2u + 2u)
    Multiplying

    When multiplying terms together we can leave out the multiplication


    sign. Numbers should be at the front and then letters in alphabetical
    order.

    Examples

    4 x a = 4a a x b = ab
    p x 5 = 5p 1 x q = q (don’t need to write in number 1)
    3 x b x c = 3bc 7 x h x g = 7gh
    6e x 4f = 24ef 8b x 5a = 40ab
    e x e = e2 3p x 2p = 6p2
    c x c x d = c2d 4a x 2b x 3c = 24abc

    Brackets

    4(a + b) is the same as 4 x (a + b). You must multiply everything


    inside the bracket by the number outside the bracket.

    Example 1 4(a + b)
    = 4a + 4b

    Example 2 7(p – q)
    = 7p – 7q

    Example 3 -5(3g + 4)
    = -15g - 20

    Example 4 6g(2g + 3h)


    = 12g2 + 18gh

    Example 5 -9u(4u – 5v)


    = -36u2 + 45uv
    Multiplying out brackets then simplifying

    Sometimes you need to multiply out brackets first then simplify.

    Example 1 2(5 + x) + 3x
    = 10 + 2x + 3x
    = 10 + 5x

    Example 2 4(3y - 2) – 5
    = 12y - 8 – 5
    = 12y - 13

    Example 3 5(2a + 7) – 9a
    = 10a + 35 – 9a
    = a + 35

    Example 4 7 + 5(a - 3) DON’T add 7 + 5


    = 7 + 5a - 15
    = 5a - 8

    Sometimes you need to multiply out two brackets then simplify.

    Example 1 2(3n + 4) + 3(3n + 5)


    = 6n + 8 + 9n + 15
    = 15n + 23

    Example 2 4(2p + 6q) - 3(p – 4q)


    = 8p + 24q - 3p + 12q
    = 5p + 36q
    Pairs of brackets - FOIL
    F – First (F ) (F )
    O – Outside (O ) ( O)
    I – Inside ( I) (I )
    L – Last ( L) ( L)

    Example1 (x + 3) (x + 5)
    = x2 + 5x + 3x + 15
    = x2 + 8x + 15

    Example 2 (p + 2) (p - 8)
    = p2 – 8p + 2p - 16
    = p2 – 6p – 16

    Example 3 (2x - 3) (5x - 1)


    = 10x2 – 2x – 15x + 3
    = 10x2 – 17x + 3

    Example 4 (3d - 2) (4d + 5)


    = 12d2 + 15d – 8d - 10
    = 12d2 + 7d - 10

    Squaring brackets
    To square brackets we write the two brackets side by side and then
    multiply out as before.

    Example 1 (x +y) 2
    = (x + y) (x + y)
    = x2 +xy + xy + y2
    = x2 + 2xy + y2

    Example 2 (3m – 5)2


    = (3m – 5) (3m – 5)
    = 9m2 - 15m – 15m + 25
    = 9m2 – 30m + 25
    Other brackets

    If one of the brackets contains more then two terms we cannot use
    FOIL.
    Take each term in the first bracket and multiply the second term by
    it.

    Example 1 (m + 2) (m2 – 4m + 1)
    = m (m2 – 4m + 1) + 2(m2 – 4m + 1)
    = m3 – 4m2 + m + 2m2 – 8m + 2
    = m3 – 2m2 – 7m +2

    Example 2 (p - 3) (p2 + 5p - 2)
    = p (p2 + 5p - 2) - 3(p2 + 5p - 2)
    = p3 + 5p2 – 2p - 3p2 – 15p + 6 (watch the signs!)
    = p3 + 2p2 - 17p + 6

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