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HIJAB IN THE CITY! A STUDY OF WOMEN WEARING A FACEVEIL

IN BIÑAN

A Thesis
Submitted to
The Senior High School Department
CITI GLOBAL COLLEGE, INC.
City of Biñan, Laguna

In Partial Fulfilment of
Requirements for the Inquires, Practical Research 1

Alzona, Tristan
Corate, Ryan
Tamayo, Christian
Vireña, Mark Kevin
Yambao, Juan Carlo
Arayan, Monica
Cabrera, Baejamelle
Cuya, Camilla
Evangelista, Lea Mae

March 2020
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

I completely understand Muslim women fall into many categories when it comes to

implementing the Hijab in its entirety, and by that I do not mean just the headscarf. I understand

the difficulties in implementing the hijab. I understand all the thought processes before finally

making the decision to implement the hijab outwardly and inwardly. I also understand wanting to

look nice and presentable.

What I do not accept nor understand is the category of women who outright reject the

command. Our attire and what we have been commanded to wear is clear cut, stated in the

Qur’an and ahadith. It’s fine for you to do business, also fine for you to cater for Muslim women

as there is a huge market, but I feel somewhere in all this business and making a name, the true

essence and identity of a Muslimah is getting lost behind make up, pouts and excessiveness.

Initially it was just within, now it is also external.They not need Nike to promote hijab,

They do not need Debenhams to start endorsing their clothes. They do not need approval or

validation from any mainstream companies. They are not doing us a favour, they are not
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“accepting us” they are thinking with their business hat on and how to make a profit. So firstly, it

is important we do not fall into that trap of thinking finally the world is starting to accept us.

We are seeing Muslim women bloggers who categorise themselves as Hijabis and

whilst they may be struggling to wear the hijab in its correct form, showing your hair and neck is

not hijab and should never ever be promoted as hijab. Whilst these bloggers influence our youth

to wear turbans, show their awrah yet call it hijab, surely we should be challenging this and not

encouraging when these bloggers “make it” and become “famous”.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Initially it was just within, now it is also external. They not need Nike to promote hijab,

they do not need Debenhams to start endorsing their clothes. They do not need approval or

validation from any mainstream companies. They are not doing us a favor, they are not

“accepting us” they are thinking with their business hat on and how to make a profit. So firstly, it

is important we do not fall into that trap of thinking finally the world is starting to accept us.

We are seeing Muslim women bloggers who categories themselves as Hijabis and whilst

they may be struggling to wear the hijab in its correct form, showing your hair and neck is not

hijab and should never ever be promoted as hijab. Whilst these bloggers influence our youth to
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wear turbans, show their awrah yet call it hijab, surely we should be challenging this and not

encouraging when these bloggers “make it” and become “famous”.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The Researchers Some women choose to

1. Why do you need to will follow the wear the hijab because it
wear face veil? steps to gather is a National tradition to
2. What is the data: their country of origin, or
importance of the face because it is the norm in
veil? *Questioner their local area, city or
3. Are you required to country. Others wear it to
wear hijab? *Observe demonstrate their
4. Is this traditional? Commitment to dressing
Why? *Planning Modestly and for religious
5. What does Islamic reasons. Like any item of
dress for women exactly *Retrieval of clothing, some women
entail? Data wear the hijab for specific
6. Why is covering the occasions, such as for
head important? *Interpretation of family or community
7. Why do women data events, or during
choose to cover particular times of day but
themselves or wear *Summary of take it off at other times,
hijab? findings such as wearing the hijab
8. Why do some Muslim to and from school or
women not cover at all? work but taking it off
9. What is the penalty for while studying or
not adhering to Muslim working.
dress?
10. Once you put it on,
do you ever take off the
hijab?

Feedback
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Theoretical Framework

The practice of Hijab (veiling) among Muslim women has triggered a great deal of

scholarly exploration and debate. This research puts of people about appearance and veil in

Pakistani context and highlights the conflicting meanings and purposes of veil among people

belonging to different strata of society. With the increasing popularity of veil among Muslim

women not only motivated religious scholars to get into this matter holistically but also prompted

sociolinguists to explore the reality. Informed by face negotiation theory and social semiotics,

this study unveils the ideological implications of wearing Hijab .To dissect the reality, the

research has been carried out at two levels .First, it examines the perspective of observers

through questionnaire and second ,it investigates the ideology of women who do/don’t wear

hijab through short interviews. Specifically hijab is assumed to draw a line among different strata

of Pakistan on one hand while on other, in strict sense it creates a gap between exclusion and

inclusion of women in Islamic/Muslim community.

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Statement of the Problem

This research wants to study or know the struggle they encounter in their daily life's of wearing a

hijab and how this affect in their tradition.

General Question

1. Why do you need to wear face veil?

2. What is the importance of the face veil?

3. Are you required to wear hijab?

4. Is this traditional? Why?

5. What does Islamic dress for women exactly entail?

6. Why is covering the head important?

7. Why do women choose to cover themselves or wear hijab?

8. Why do some Muslim women not cover at all?

9. What is the penalty for not adhering to Muslim dress?

10. Once you put it on, do you ever take off the hijab?
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Significance of Study

This study will be conducted to contribute to the objectives, mission, and vision of the

following individuals and organizations;

Administrator of the Basic Education Schools. This will serve as a tool to enhance the

school programs and policy on managing students and direct teachers with appropriate classroom

management to eliminate the problem.

Department of Education. This study will be beneficial as it will help to the attainment

of its main goal.

Guidance Office. This will help the guidance counselor to formulate necessary

programs that will support the needs of students to eliminate/prevent students to drop-out from

their classes.

Parents. This will let the parents understand the importance of following up the school

performance of their child/children.

Researchers. This study will serve as a guide to improve their communication skills,

widen their knowledge, learn research skills, enhance patience and determination to accomplish

and finish the course. This will also widen their horizons in conducting research and realize the

importance of research to their lives.

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Students. This study will help the students to minimize or avoid committing tardiness

and absences which later caused drop-outs among students and help them realize its negative

effects on their academic performance. This, further, hopes to motivate them to study better and

be an active participant in the class and school activities.

Teachers. This will help the teachers to enrich and improve the teaching strategies to

encourage students to come to school. This will also remind them of the importance of frequent

and regular communication to the parents and teachers.

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Scope and Limitation

Our study focused on Muslim Women Wearing a Hijab/Face veil. This study is

based on our research of why Muslim Women wear hijab, is it traditional in Islam and what is

the importance of wearing it. This research are limited only in Muslim Women Hijab or Face

veil in Biñan, Laguna.

This study is following specific standard that should not reach full extent of

boundaries because of this, these are limitation that should be observe.

This study is for Muslim Women wearing Hijab/Face Veil who use this thing and

the respondent of the research

This study will be conducted with in Biñan only.

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Definition of Terms

 Muslim- A group of Muslims describe what it means to flow Islam. Islam is the second

most widely practiced religion in the world. The word “Islam” comes from arabic and means

“peace achieved through a willing obedience to Allah’s divine guidance”

 Hijab- Hijab is an Arabic word meaning barrier or partition. In Islam, however, it has a

broader meaning. It is the principle of modesty and includes behaviuor as well as dress for

both males and females. The most visible from Hijab is the head covering that many Muslim

women wear. Hijab however goes beyond the head scraf.

 Qu’ran- The Islamic scared book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad

by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. The Qu’ran consists of 114 units of

varying lengths, known as Suras ; the first Sura said as part of the ritual prayer. These touch

upon all aspects of human existence, icluding matters of doctrine, socila organization, and

legislation.

 Hadith- A collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad which, with

accounts of his daily practice ( theSunna), constitute the major source of guidance for

Muslims apart from the Qu’ran.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Based to National Geographic (2018),”Public expression of hijab is a very controversial

issue. It is, first and foremost, an act of worship among Muslim women. In the United States,

wearing hijab clothing is a right guaranteed by the First Amendment—as freedom of speech and

freedom of religion. However, hijab clothing has also become a potent indicator of identity, with

many non-Muslims viewing it as a political statement. Some communities interpret hijab as a

sign of Islamic fundamentalism, the refusal of immigrants to integrate into mainstream society,

or the oppression of women”.

According to Sheen,Yakani,Jordan (2018),The Hijab and other forms of Islamic veiling

are important social, cultural, and religious symbols that are central to the identity of millions of

Muslim women across the world. However, despite the large body of literature that exists on the

political and socio-cultural aspects of Islamic veiling, little is known about how the appearance

of women wearing the hijab is perceived by other Muslim women within their native Muslim

country. To throw light on this important issue, the current study focused on the effects of the

hijab on female facial attractiveness perceived by practicing Muslim Emirati women living in

their native Muslim country who themselves wore the hijab as everyday attire.
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The hijab is worn as a traditional head-covering by millions of Muslim women throughout the

world. For these women, the hijab is a visible expression of their faith and culture and a major

determinant of being identified as Muslim. Indeed, wearing this item of traditional Muslim

clothing appears to exert considerable influences on how others perceive the individuals

concerned. However, the effect of wearing the hijab on the perception of Muslim women within

a Muslim country is far from understood. Of particular importance is that the hijab is worn as a

symbol of cultural identity, piety, and modesty, and Muslim women within a Muslim country,

particularly in the United Arab Emirates are encouraged to wear this head-covering when in

public as a means of limiting their physical attractiveness to men Indeed, the way in which a

woman wears a hijab is widely regarded as a public display of the depth of her faith and the

extent to which she is intending to restrict her attractiveness. But despite these intentions, the

effect of the hijab on how others perceive the facial attractiveness of the person wearing this item

remains to be fully determined.

Against this background, the purpose of the present study was to develop a greater

knowledge of the effects of the hijab on perception of facial attractiveness by extending previous

research in several key ways. If cultural endogamy is a major determinant of facial attractiveness

in hijab-wearing women, the influences of piety and devoutness to Islam within the UAE should

lead our participants to rate the facial appearance of hijab-wearing women highly. In the work by

M&S, attractiveness ratings made by British Muslims were positively correlated with religiosity

for ratings of faces of females wearing a hijab but not for faces without.
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According to H F Sylaj(2019),The main theory out there that people assume (including

most Muslim men and even many Muslim women), is that it is to protect us and keep us from the

sexual wantonness of the world. There are tons of sappy memes floating around the Internet that

compare hijab-wearing women to objects such as lollipops, candy, pearls in oysters, and the

moon. They propagate the idea that precious things are wrapped, covered, or hidden. That they

are not on display for anyone to ogle. And that woman should be that way as well. Wrapped,

hidden, secured for their own safety. I do believe that our bodies are precious and given to us by

Allah. But women are human beings. We are not objects, even valuable ones. Dressing modestly

is to show that we want to be valued separately from our sexuality. There is nothing wrong with

dressing to show off your sexiness. Muslim women just prefer to do this only for their husbands.

Outside the privacy of the marital relationship, we prefer to be seen simply as humans who are

female. Hijab is not a method of hiding women from the big, scary world of men no matter what

internet memes and some people will say. Men should control themselves, as the quoted hadith

in my article linked above proves.

According to Khadija Mahamud (2020), “I started wearing the hijab full-time when I was

15. I was fortunate enough that my mum taught me about the reasons for wearing it and she

encouraged me to research its importance. It's never enough of a reason to do something just

because someone else tells you to. In short, it's because of this that I was able to see the beauty

of, and essentially the empowerment of, choosing to cover up”. “In a world where women are
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often sexualized, there's something extremely powerful about knowing people won't judge you

based on what you’re wearing.

“People often assume there are limitations to wearing the hijab. For me, it does the

opposite; it allows me to be unapologetically myself both as a feminist and as a Muslim woman.

“The media fuels the way people perceive Muslim women; good and bad. We're either breaking

news because we're breaking boundaries or, somehow, we need to be saved. It seems as though

it's time to accept, Muslim women aren't so different from other women.”

Based to Jacqueline Saper (2019), “Hijab, meaning barrier in Arabic, refers to a strict

code of dress that covers both the hair and the curves of a woman’s body in the presence of men

who are not close relatives. Some examples are the burqa and the chador that completely cover

the body; head coverings such as the maghnaeh or a large headscarf; or the niqab, which hides

the face but not the eyes. A woman who wears hijab is referred to as Muhaajaba”.

grew up unveiled and later wore hijab for eight years while living in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The history of hijab in Iran is complicated and interesting. In 1936, Reza Shah, the first Pahlavi

king to modernize the country, imposed a decree that legally banned women from wearing hijab,

who, until that time, had been veiled for centuries. Simply, being covered in public became a

crime that would get a woman arrested. During the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah, the second
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Pahlavi monarch, the prohibition against wearing hijab was lifted. Women could choose to wear

hijab but were encouraged to dress as their American counterparts.

In the months preceding the civil unrest that led to the Iranian revolution of 1979, some

women started to wear a stricter form of hijab as a political statement of empowerment to protest

the Western-leaning monarchy. These same women cheered when the Shah was ousted, and the

clerical establishment assumed power.

Shortly after assuming power, however, the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini

imposed a decree that forced women, who had been unveiled for decades, to wear hijab. Now

hijab had become a visible political symbol of oppression instead of empowerment, curtailing

many of the rights women had achieved under the previous regime.

All women, regardless of religious background or nationality, were subject to this rule.

Therefore, as an Iranian Jewish teenager, I, too, had to dress as an orthodox Muslim woman.

Indeed, “morality police” were tasked with patrolling the streets in order to arrest, fine, and

imprison women and girls who dared show their hair or wear anything other than a loose shaped

coat or an all-encompassing chador in defiance of the regime’s modesty laws. By 1986, my 6-

year-old daughter, as part of her first-grade school uniform, was also forced to dress like me.

According to Falah (2019) ,After 9/11 she felt as if she was a walking representation of

her religion which stressed her out. “That was a huge burden on me, because I felt I had to
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perfect everything I did, or I at least had to second guess every action that I did, because I didn't

want to be perceived in a negative way,” she said.

What exactly is this garment that’s caused so much secular consternation? The hijab is a

head covering veil that predates the arrival of Muhammad in Arabia. Its intent is to maintain

modest and privacy against the gaze of unrelated males. Unlike a burqa, which entails fully

covering the face leaving only the eyes unmasked, hijabs are closer to scarves wrapped around

the head.

The word “hijab” comes from the Arabic root “hajaba” which means to hide or make

invisible. In modern Arabic language it’s used to describe the way women are encouraged to

dress.

On whether wearing the veil is a requirement, Muslim religious writings aren’t entirely

clear. Ovamir Anjum, chair of Islamic studies at the University of Toledo, said there are various

passages in the Qur’an that make reference to the covering of the prophet's wives, but some

Muslims disagree about who it applies to: only the prophet’s wives or all Muslim women?

“There's a verse in the Qur’an that says that women should take their headscarves and wrap that

around there, and not show their beauty except to their husbands or close relatives like fathers

and brothers and so on,” Anjum said. “They are meant to dress in a way that is not designed to

draw attention.”
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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Method

This chapter presents the procedures that the researchers followed throughout

the study. This introduced the research design and the description, participants, instrumentations

and data gathering procedure.

Research Design

The method used in this study is qualitative by researchers, studying human behaviour, opinions

themesand motivations. This research employed a phenomenological method types of qualitative

research describing how anyone participant experiences the specific event. Likewise,

Phenomenology is highly concerned with how participants feel about things during an event or

activity. The researchers will use phenomenology to emphasize a focus o the subjective

experiences and interpretation of the situation. The goal is to understand the Women wearing

Face veil or hijab in the city.

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Participants

The researchers conduct the study in Palengke, Bayan Biñan, Laguna. The

respondents are Women Muslims who is working in Palengke.

Instrumentation

The researchers conducted an interview and made 10 general questions with

specific question with the researchers will use instructed interview for respondents answer this

questions based on what they tradition or culture. The researchers do an individual interview and

researchers will use structured observation researcher only watch and listen to the respondents.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher conducted the procedures stated below to determine the importance of wearing

hijab. First the researcher will make survey questionnaire. Second, the interviewer will find

respondents. Third, the monitor will make an interview. Lastly, the investigator will interpret the

result.
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CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The researchers interpreted the Importance of Hijab in Muslim Woman’s

The respondent says “I chose to wear it myself after I studied Islam and thought it was a

beautiful way to express my love for my religion and nothing more”.

Answer in Second Question “Because we need to cover our faces to identify ourselves as

Muslim

Answer in Third Question “Yes, because this is what is contained in the Bible Quran.”

Answer in Fourth Question “Yes, because Quran instruct us Muslim women to dress

modestly.”

Answer in Fifth Question “

Answer in Sixth Question “to avoid

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CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECONMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

The following is the summary of findings based on the consolidated data and the result of our

research.

According to Quran(Bible).It is forbidden to see Muslim Women’s hair ,they need to wear hijab

to avoid sin,once they remove the hijab in public place it is a sin, because wearing hijab is easier

to identify as a muslim.The Hijab is a symbol that she is a Muslim. Base on our own observation,

we find out that the muslim people is wearing a hijab or there face veil because that is important

not only for there tradition but also it is in there law that every muslim women should wear the

hijab. There wearing it every day even if they are just at home they still wear this thing called

hijab or face veil. They are just removing it when they need to go to sleep.

Hijab is important for every muslim people mostly in a woman muslim because base on

our observation only they wearing it to cover up there hair. For many other women, the hijab has

become a means of resistance to standards of feminine beauty that demand more exposure.

Proponents of this view argue that removing clothing for the benefit of the male gaze does not
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equal liberation. They covering they hair because of there tradition and some of there belief that

they are used it to curbing male sexual desire. According to some, the veil has been used as a

way of curbing male sexual desire. Yet covering the head and body predated Islam women have

also covered their head at various times in history and in different parts of the world.

Certainly, the hijab is tied to religion. Many women who cover talk about it as a way

demonstrating their submission to God and a constant reminder to hold fast to Islamic beliefs

such as being honest and generous to those in need.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that in this religion you must embrace your being a muslim and embrace the

tradition that you have. Today, some women wear the hijab to signal pride in their ethnic

identity. This is more so for immigrants in Europe and the United States, where there has been an

increase in Islamophobia.

RECOMMENDATION

Each woman reflected on how she perceives herself within the structure of type of how this self-

perception influenced her interactions with others. The hijab is a complex symbol with religious

and social significance. It also has personal value for women who wear it.We suggest that we

collectively look at religious. It is important to look at how confronting intersecting forms of

discrimination impacts individuals’ sense of identity. For the women in our research study there

is a constant need to challenge racism, sexism, and other forms of discrimination. For Muslim
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women wearing the hijab, or headscarf, the intersection between private religious practice and its

social expression is explored on a daily basis. To fully understand the manifestation of public

religious expression. The style of veil the women wear is a personal choice and usually

coordinates with an individual woman’s clothing style.While clothing can be used as a silent

form of expression, it can also make powerful statements.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

National Geographic

(2018),https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/hijab/print/?fbclid=IwAR3Xm1haQXfZzQVP

zDTE2f0uVG27Pu1tLuoo-HO399QexM94FS1bedGSnH8

Mercedes Sheen,HajarAman Key Yekani,Timothy R. Jordan (2018) Plos/One

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0199537&fbclid=IwAR2C

Z11ryyijJkvDJwmrNt1-XIW2UDpgvsl3NE7sLoXVRtX2DpN29wkv55w

H F Sylaj (2019), Medium

https://medium.com/interfaith-now/why-do-muslim-women-wear-hijab-8d0cd811e2b1

Khadija Mahamud (2020), GLAMOUR

https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/women-reveal-why-they-choose-to-wear-a-

hijab?fbclid=IwAR2RB3FjUDqg0OhZvFWPCgZvIempuNZvLGe_NfT_1UfBovcqAM1ynrMZ

qY8

Jacqueline Saper (2019),The Seattle Times

https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/hijab-an-empowering-choice-in-u-s-a-symbol-of-

oppression-in-iran/?fbclid=IwAR2qc2dsLj3EXCOA5RIVPfuRkb2Lg_-

A5K6l_5UlmMmCGShIkwQBXvhXo8I
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The Blade (2019)

https://www.toledoblade.com/a-e/culture/2019/09/28/muslim-women-hijab-symbol-of-faith-not-

oppression/stories/20190922004?fbclid=IwAR2wIH09_EaImXTp8zm5zHlByq351w1MFH_QG

OQ8u6ZJI1PiBSl5U-JvGEY