Drug Study
Drug Study
Drug Study
ACETAZOLAMIDE
Brand and Other Names:Diamox Sequels
Classes: Anticonvulsants, Other;
Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Glaucoma
Closed-angle (acute congestive) glaucoma
500 mg PO/IV, followed by 125-250 mg PO q4hr
Sustained-release: 500 mg PO q12hr
Open-angle (chronic simple) glaucoma
250 mg-1 g PO/IV qDay or divided q6-12hr
Sustained-release: 500 mg PO q12hr
Secondary glaucoma
500 mg PO/IV, followed by 125-250 mg PO q4hr
Sustained-release: 500 mg PO q12hr
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperchloremic acidosis
Hypersensitivity to acetazolamide or sulfa
Liver disease
Severe renal disease or dysfunction
Long term use in noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma
Cirrhosis
Long-term administration in patients with chronic, noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma
Cautions
Use caution in COPD, emphysema, and concomitant high-dose aspirin
Use caution in diabetes, respiratory acidosis, and hepatic impairment
Adverse drug reactions common to sulfonamide derivatives; Stevens-Johnson syndrome and
toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) may occur
May impair alertness and/or physical coordination
FDA-approved product labeling for many medications have included a broad contraindication in
patients with a prior allregic reaction to sulfonamides; however, recent studies have suggested
that crossreactivity between antibiotic sulfonamides and nonantibiotic sulfonamides is unlikely
to occur
May impair alertness and/or physical coordination
Severe adverse effects including tachypnea, anorexia, coma, lethargy, and death reported with
high-dose aspirin; use caution or avoid administration
Increasing dose does not increase diuresis; may instead increase the incidence of paresthesia
and/or drowsiness
IM administration not recommended due to alkaline pH, which may cause pain.
Mechanism of Action
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases rate of aqueous humor formation, in that way
decreasing intraocular pressure
Inhibits H+ ion excretion in renal tubule, increasing sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water
excretion and producing alkaline diuresis
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in CNS, which in turn decreases abnormal and excessive discharge
from the CNS neurons
Absorption
Bioavailability: Rapidly absorbed orally
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements in NCM 104
MED 3
Neuroscience Ward