3.

Facts on the Chosen Industry/Company

About us:

Drumming

For 27 years Mindanao Container Corporation (MCC) has been the leader in the
packaging industry in the Philippines. MCC is committed to exceeding customers’
expectations in quality, efficiency of delivery and communication, customer
satisfaction and competitiveness in pricing. MCC specializes in the production and
marketing of gold standard quality 210-liter steel drums. MCC, since it’s
inauguration in 1989, has committed itself to excellence through continual
improvements in product quality, the manufacturing processes, and customer
service. The recent installation of modern manufacturing equipment for our
production line has ensured the drums we produce are of the highest quality
ensuring our continued place as the leading drum manufacturer in the Philippines.
Our drums are sold to factories thorough out the Philippines and meet the
worldwide quality standard to allow export into the USA, Japan, Europe, Asia
Oceana and other parts of the world
The main products we produce are tight head and top-open head steel drums
which are lined with food-grade internal material to be used as containers for
export of juice concentrates and oleo chemical products (e.g. tertiary amines,
fatty alcohol products, etc.).
The manufacturing plant is a 40 minute drive from Cagayan de Oro City which is
located on the northern coast of Mindanao Island. It is a 10 minute drive from
Mindanao International Container Terminal Port. The Head Office is based in the
central business district of Makati City.

Website
http://www.mincon.com.ph/

Industries
Packaging and Containers
Company size
51-200 employees
Headquarters
Makati City, Metro Manila
Founded
1989
Specialties
210 Liter Steel Drums, Tight Head Drums, Full Open Head Standard Drums,
Full Open Head Neck-In Drums
Vision
We are committed to being the premier manufacturer of quality steel drums for
both the local and international markets.

Mission
Our mission is to manufacture and deliver drums that meet the expectations of
each customer.

Our Drums

MCC manufactures 210-liter steel drums. We use only the highest quality
imported raw materials for the making of our products. The cold rolled steel
coils used to make the drum body, bottom-end and covers conforms to the
worldwide accepted standards (JISG 3141 Class SPCC-SD).
The interior of the drum if required can be lined (painted) with epoxy phenolic
lacquer and oven baked for curing. These type of drums are used for food and
beverages, pharmaceutical, liquid concentrates and industrial chemicals.
MCC has researched and developed cutting edge paint technology. The paint
materials used in our drums are resistant to chemicals, petroleum, aviation fuels
and lubricants.
The exterior of the drums are painted in your color requirements using baking
enamel paint to ensure lasting finish and quality.
MCC drums are UN certified.

Tight Head Drums

These 210 liter/55 gallon drums, with closed tops, are suitable for low viscous liquid
products. With a non-removable cover, filling and extraction of contents is done
through a 2” and ¾” closure which aids the pumping up and venting. A steel or
plastic bung is used for the top cover.

Full Open Head Standard Drums

These 210 liter/55 gallon drums, with wide openings, are suitable for high viscous
liquid products and substances that need stirring. The removable covers are fully
secured and fastened by a rubber gasket and clamp-type or bolt -type lock ring
which eliminates the need for closing tools.

Full Open Head Neck-In Drums

These 210 liter/55 gallon drums, with wide openings, are suitable for high viscous
liquid products and substances that needs stirring. These drums are suitable for
optimizing space in a limited area because of the compressed diameter of its lock
ring. The removable covers are secured and fastened with the use of a rubber
gasket and clamp-type or bolt- type lock ring. The opening is compressed making
the lock ring vertically aligned with the drum body diameter.
Our Services

Product Matching
Because our clients’ needs come first we create the specific drum that meets each
client’s product requirements.
Product Development
Our research and development department adapts materials and processes to
produce products that are cost efficient. Our drums undergo continuous testing to
ensure they are leak free and of the highes

Technical Assistance and Support

Our quality assurance team monitor the drum production to ensure product quality
and provide ongoing assistance and support onsite at your location to maintain our
high standard of service and quality assurance.

Our Process

MEETING YOUR NEEDS IS OUR PRIORITY.

At MCC we pride ourselves on establishing good communication
with our clients to produce the right drum for you.

Cold Rolled Coil (CRC)

Cold Rolled Coil Steel Material

We only use pre-qualified suppliers of cold rolled coil, which conform to JISG 3141
Class SPCC-SD.
Lock Rings are galvanized for better rust prevention.

Drum External Paint

• We only use accredited paint manufacturers.
• We use only baking type enamel paint unless specified otherwise by the
customer.
• We can source any paint type and color you require.
• Paint is tested for adhesion, film thickness and sturdiness of finish, including
its weathering characteristics.
• Consistent paint color is maintained through continuous inspection of finished
goods.
• All paint suppliers are required to retain a sample of paint per batch for
purposes of traceability.

Sample paint and standard color swatches.

Nordson Spray
Drum Internal Paint
• We use epoxy phenolic lacquer coating for our internal lining.
• The paint is compliant with US FDA Regulation 21 CFR, Section 175.300, Sub
Part C.
• As a method of paint application, we use an advanced, automated paint spray
technology called Nordson. The Nordson spray gun is a rotary atomizer that
electrostaticaly charges the paint particles for a consistent application.
• The internal paint is oven cured.

Continuous Oven Configuration

• Our manufacturing process uses up to date technology. The conveyor
processing line allows for high quality and volume baking.
• We use multi-stage heating zone ovens which are adjustable to achieve the
appropriate heating cycle for correct paint curing.
• All drums are inspected to ensure finished drums are of the highest paint
quality.

Finished drum inspection at exit side of the oven

 Nordson Spray

Equipments
• Our production systems and equipment’s are continuously evaluated and
improved to provide customers with high quality products.

Technical Problems and Solutions of Steel Drum Production Line 3

Sixth, on the volume size of the problem with technology package
With the development of market economy , consumers are increasingly
demanding high quality steel drums manufacturing equipment. To reduce costs,
the trend of thin steel drums has become increasingly clear that recently many
companies reflect user requirements 200 l drums using 0.6 ~ 0.8mm steel
manufacturing more and more, so there is a lot of contradictions . As process
geometries did not receive timely changes , resulting in curling difficult to
guarantee quality . And many enterprises and technical personnel, after the
material thinning process dimensions do not fully understand the disharmony ,
mistakenly believe that simply changing seaming rollers groove dimensions can
be solved , resulting in wasted manpower and resources, the result is not
satisfactory. In this paper, the current domestic cooperage industry to discuss
common problems , in order to pay attention to.
A seaming process and the relationship between materials
Seaming process exactly how many layers can roll ? Some people think that the
more and more, That's true ! Crimping more layers , the higher the intensity , the
better the sealing effect . However, is not able to achieve ten layers , twenty
layers seaming it ?Here we mention the cost there is a quality problem, in fact , it
is not able to achieve .Even roller groove design to better, but also can not be
achieved , and why ?
( 1 ) Raw materials restriction drums
We produce steel drums , requiring a lower carbon content material , plastic is
better .Because this is a very good processing properties , welding , stamping,
bulging are easy to ensure quality. But curling is not the same as curling roller
slot size can not change with the crimping process , crimping force should be
gradually passed through the peripheral material to curling center to roll into the
center . The plasticity of the material as possible, the more difficult the
transmission of force . We can imagine that if the material is spring steel drums ,
like clockwork , this law the same materials, not to mention the volume ten
layers , probably 20th floor is also very easy as it elasticity and rigidity, through
the power of the external seaming easily spread to center. But this is impossible ,
because the material is flexible, so that the end of the seaming seaming force
disappears in the case , it is easy and rebound back to the original state, that is
to return to the beginning of seaming look. Such is clearly not what we
need . Therefore , we can not use high resilient material . For now used to make
drums of the material world , China's most rigid material , so the quality is
difficult to guarantee . But no more than seven layers of curling . According to
foreign experts in research, drums curling layers no more than seven, apparently
seaming force transmission is less than so far.
( 2 ) drums seaming process constraints
For now the world's most advanced seaming process are also similar , nothing
less than the crimping roller groove changes and seaming speed difference. This
process is the most economical way for mass production , but also the quality and
lowest cost approach. If you do not care about them , there may be better ways
to make seaming force travels farther , so curling up seven more. But for drums
this product , it can do a good seven curling had enough , if the current seaming
quality is bad, it would have to look for other aspects of the problem.
2, the process size and curling layers of relationships
In fact, this is a simple question , previously explored a lot of people , where I do
not want to come through the boring theoretical description . We all know that to
volume seven , there should be enough volume seven things. That barrel bottom
side of the flange width and barrel body dimensions must be adequate. Because
the thickness of the material have been identified in the case , process
undersize , crimping groove volume no matter how good it is impossible to
seven . This means that it is not the size of the bigger the better
technology ? Definitely not ! Imagine curling can only roll to seven, the excess
material you want to go there ? Either increase the size curling , curling results
may reach seven, but a large internal voids ; either excess material squeeze
rollers , causing iron tongue . In short , curling is not guarantee of
quality .Therefore, the curling process must determine a good size , not more nor
less , so is the best.
3 , steel drum size and dimensions of the relationship curling process
Here I want to say is : drums size and hemming process size does not
matter ! So why write this topic , because there are many companies that
friends , drums larger ( mean diameter ) larger barrel drums and flanging bottom
edge width greater will , it is wrong , it that's why drums thin curling after the
main reason for the poor quality ! As already mentioned, are not repeated here , I
just emphasize that if you change the material thickness , and to get the best
seaming results, we must change the process dimensions . Curling process
because a reasonable size and the thickness of the material is only relevant !
4 , to consider multiple factors to determine crimping method
Often things are always much as people would like , cooperage business users are
now experiencing is really strange. In fact, having said that, it is these tough
users, we have the cooperage industry. User is our god , and his need is our
voluntary . Take our 200-liter steel drums for instance, are based on many years
ago 1.25mm material, some users may now use 1.0mm, some to 0.8mm, there
are still people to 0.6mm material , cooperage plants to eat, do not work.
However, the problem came out, thin materials , not to mention the difficulty of
manufacturing processes , this one alone is enough seaming annoying it. Because
the material thin , they need to roll into a seven-story , apparently large size of
the original process , to get a good seaming quality, does not change the process
size is unattainable. If the material with 1.0mm 0.8mm steel drum manufacturing
process dimensions , this problem is not yet clear , sometimes under false
pretenses can also, although the quality is not very good , the total can be
decent. But some companies use the original dimensions to manufacturing
processes 1.25mm 0.6mm steel drums , contradiction is very obvious, is not
resolved to die .
Generally, companies do not want to change cooperage curling process
dimensions , because changing the process size , it means re-opening of a barrel
bottom mold flange dimensions touches easy to solve, a mold can be substantial
costs , If the batch is not the case , who is not willing to do it.
The current domestic actual situation , the solution is only one , is to change the
level of the original arc curling. Because the material thin, relatively large size of
the bucket bottom craft , curling sure a lot of voids inside , quality is difficult to
guarantee .To get volume was real curling , do not want to change the mold ,
flatten the crimp is the best way . Domestic production of 0.6 ~ 0.8mm 200-liter
steel drums manufacturers , most of all into a flat curling , including thin-walled
inner tapered barrels are like this . Of course, this is only an expedient measure,
if the production of thin-walled barrel is large enough ( which is the direction of
development ) , to open a barrel bottom mold should be the best choice.
Say this is what I like to teach others how to improvise or ways to fool people , in
fact, cooperage industry people know that sometimes there is no way to do, there
is a Benbanfa can settle things can be said that a good way . For most small
businesses , the product is all kinds of complicated anticipated. In order to
capture market pathetic , win a bowl of food to eat , what kind of barrels are
willing to do, so it was a more contradictory . Several large domestic cooperage
factory, doing many years of a single product, reluctant handyman barrels filled
type of SME those markets became cooperage industry fatigues and supporting
role.
But no matter how dry , the mind must be clear , most SMEs tend to exercise
technical personnel, because their problems are really too much, which I fully
understood. So, there are many companies in the technical staff after changing
material thickness drums , did not realize the size of inappropriate technology ,
but also in other aspects blindly to find the problem , and this is no contradiction
to seize the intersection , and ultimately have to less than ideal results .
Seven , on the requirements of construction and sealants
1 , wet glue and adhesive problems .
2 , steel drums seaming seal packing , commonly known as sealants, when the
top and bottom steel drum barrel body seaming , the fill cracks in the seal
crimping . Because steel drum roll to win the title , curling site has a certain
rigidity rebound , rebound to make the original volume appeared tight curling
gap . So, with the seal crimping gap fillers , can effectively improve the ability of
anti-leakage steel drums .
Production and use of steel drums for sealing filler have the following
requirements:
1 . Compatibility. Since drums very versatile , dressed variety of goods , it
requires sealing filler material filled with a variety of a certain compatibility. If a
seal packing material and filled with incompatible , it may produce a chemical
reaction , etching , thereby undermining the packing sealing performance, so
filled with material deterioration or modified .
2 . High temperature stability . Since most manufacturers of steel drums
cooperage coating oven drying processes are used , some as high furnace
temperature about 200 ℃ , steel drum surface temperature higher , at this
temperature, flow seal packing thinning or deterioration Jiaohu would affect the
sealing performance .
3 . Higher solid component content . Since it is a sealed packing , unlike the pure
adhesive glue , if the solid component content is low, the volume was reduced
after drying , can not effectively fill the gap , thus affecting its sealing.
4 . Good adhesive properties. Most cooperage factory production process has
bottom of the barrel , the top pre-roll spray processes. If the bottom of the barrel
roof with plastic precurl adhesive force is not strong , then curling the beginning,
the top and bottom of the barrel barrels are produced relative sliding flange , the
pre-roll spray glue rub off , and sometimes fall outside sometimes fall into the
bucket. Not only affect the sealing performance , and fall into the barrel of the
rubber block also affects the internal cleaning of steel drums .
5 . Better flexibility . In steel drums crimping process due to mechanical forces ,
making curling very tight package , the gap to the minimum position . But after
seaming , crimping the crimp rigidity springback relaxed some of the reasons
that , the gap is relatively large . If the gland packing is no better flexibility , you
can not adapt to this change. In addition, from a technical perspective , the
sealing bead fillers should have some flexibility within the compressed elastic
stretch to make itself better sealing performance .
6 . Better workability . The so-called construction performance , that can be easy
to glue , gluing, drying process of implementation , the viscosity to meet the
requirements , do not have obvious particles, agglomeration, too thin or
precipitation phenomena .Further, since the country consistent weather
conditions , require it to have a weather resistance, not because of cold and
curdle , can not fail due to heat .

There are several issues we must pay attention : ℃ barrels used in food
packaging , the sealant should be non-toxic and does not react with food . For
other uses of drums , a non-toxic sealant is not important ; ℃ water-based glue
rust problems in the construction methods can take some improvements, such as
to prevent splashing and timely drying ; ℃ sealant solvent resistance are not
absolute , as long as the relative stability of the filled material should be
suitable. Foreign divided into many types of the sealant , a different type of
sealant used for this purpose .

Raw Material of Steel Barrel and Development of Barrel Machinery

• Special raw materials for steel drums Steel Plate

The development of the steel plate of the steel drum packaging raw
materials will become a reality, not only more suitable for steel drums
Product quality requirements for raw materials, but also have the use of
material savings, the economy is also more prominent.

Currently used steel drums used in the production of raw material steel
drums, domestic in addition to the hot rolling drums board outside, other
materials are not for steel drums production of special, so the quality is
uneven. Some uneven thickness of the material, high carbon content, the
hardness is too much, causing the steel drum is difficult to guarantee the
quality; production requirements of some material dimensions substandard
steel drums, scrap materials too, too much material waste; Some
galvanized sheet the thickness of the zinc layer is not enough to make the
steel drums anticorrosive capacity greatly reduced ... Whatever the problem
is really endless.

The more developed countries in Europe and the United States, the
suppliers of raw materials for steel drums enterprises tailored not only the
quality to meet the requirements, but also to the economy; material size as
needed ruled almost zero scrap materials. In some of China's foreign-
invested or joint venture cooperage enterprise, they supply or crop the top
of the bottom of the barrel material are the hypotenuse, the utilization of
steel increased by a quarter, if a small and medium-sized cooperage plant
to produce 200,000 a year steel drums, you can save the material funds
50-60 million. To do so result, the quality of the drums, and the costs can
reach to the top. In China, steel drums materials appear imperative.

Second, the development of the steel drums sealant

The development of the steel drums sealant will be on a higher grade, and
should be standard according to change the current situation of mixed fish
heads.

Steel drums seaming sealing filler, commonly known as a sealant, when the
top of the steel drum bottom barrel body seaming, fill in the the curling gap
seal role. Steel drum roll to win the title, curling parts of a certain rigid
rebound, rebound the original roll tightly curling a gap. So, with the slits of
the sealing filler filling bead, can effectively improve the anti-leakage
capacity of the drums. China steel drums over the years with the sealant
they use a natural white latex, some manufacturers use a variety of other
types of fillers.No uniform standards and quality requirements,
manufacturers have come out of nowhere, development and production of
the seat of your pants. Steel drum production companies do not know good
or bad, groping in use, often resulting quality of the accident. More
prominent contradictions, this situation may not last long. Steel drum
production process of sealing filler has the following requirements:
℃ compatibility.

℃ high temperature stability.

℃ a higher content of the solid parts.

℃ better adhesive properties.

℃ good flexibility.

To ℃ good construction performance.

℃ a certain degree of weathering resistance.

Difficult to resolve compatibility issues, such as sealants and contents from

a chemical reaction, contamination of goods on the one hand, the other
hand, the sealing performance degradation.

Abroad, plastic drums sealed stars multiple classes, the sealant used in the
drums for different purposes are not the same, but also to achieve a high-
quality, high-efficiency construction. The future of steel drums with the
design and production of the sealant will gradually into the standardization,
standardization, and the only way, the quality of the steel drums will be a
strong guarantee.

Application and development of new environmentally friendly paint

Application and development of new environmentally friendly paint, is a the

steel drums comprehensive go green steps.

In recent years, the quality and yield of the production of the domestic
paint has a very substantial increase, their types and varieties increased
significantly, highlighting the performance-enhancing, environmentally
conscious features. Many low-pollution paint varieties have been developed,
the structure has undergone great changes in our paint. However, in the
field of steel drum coating, the application of the new type of
environmentally friendly paint is in its infancy, yet to receive attention and
application.

At present, the rapid development of domestic and foreign new

environmentally friendly paint:

℃ Precoating paint. The pre-paint coating is a major change of the coating,

its steering the product from the last of the finished coating of the coating
of the raw materials, thereby reducing the pollution of the coating
process. Precoated steel and color printing plate in the world currently
developed rapidly;

(2) water-based paint: such new paint with acrylic liquid and carbon black,
additives blend. Based on the characteristics of the water as dispersion,
does not contain any organic solvent, to comply with national environmental
regulations, and is conducive to environmental protection.

3 viscose paint: This is a class of polymer film coated with color paint and
adhesives. It has good durability, weather resistance, and can be easily
pasted on the product surface. Replaced solvent-based paints, so for
environmental protection is concerned, it is a with transformational new
paint;

(4) powder coatings: As the powder coating is a solvent-free powder

coating, eliminates the scattering of hazardous solvents, overspray powder
can also be recovered for reuse.Not only painting of good quality, high
efficiency, more important is to reduce and eliminate the environmental
pollution, improve working conditions, and energy conservation, is the new
trend of development of the steel drum coating.

℃ benzene-free coatings: paints and solvents benzene ingredients, thereby

reducing the environmental pollution. This has now been applied to the low-
pollution paint.

Fourth, steel drums tinplate will be dedicated direction of development

Steel drums the tinplate development will be dedicated direction

development, the range of applications will be more clear and specific.

At present, the international production of tinplate for the production of

packaging containers, a special need. European walking in the forefront of
the world in the development and production of tinplate packaging. In
recent years, the French steel company first developed packaging tinplate,
and put into the market, causing a revolution of the packaging industry.

Now, most of our use of tinplate distinction without purpose, often unstable
quality problems in the manufacture of steel drums and other
containers. Special tinplate material affect the quality problems to solve. In
fact, the product quality problems of the domestic packaging container of
scrap are largely related to the material. Dedicated tinplate in use in Europe
illustrates this point.

Packaging tinplate development direction:

℃ to reduce the thickness of the material;

 (2) improve the mechanical properties of the material;

℃ the thickness of the tin plating layer to achieve a variety of needs.

So dedicated tinplate reduces the cost of the product, high performance to

ensure the quality of the product, different tinned layer change the
adaptability of the product, so that the economy is more perfect.

Steel drum manufacturing equipment gradually increase the degree of

automation

Gradually increase the degree of automation of the steel drum

manufacturing equipment and technology will also be more mature and
simplistic.

Since the introduction of foreign advanced equipment and technology,

China's steel drum technology have larger development. At present, China's
own gradual digestion and absorption of these technologies, new equipment
continue to be developed. Future there will be a leap in the development of
China's steel equipment, fully automated, technology and processes will
also be more mature, will gradually eliminate the complex and backward
techniques and technology with the international state-of-the-art equipment
and techniques to arm themselves, form with other industries adapted
development.

More and more production of steel equipment manufacturers in China, has

gradually formed an industry, ongoing equipment replacement, emerge at
any time there is a new device, which is unprecedented
development. Cooperage equipment replacement in the future, will be
faster and catch up with the advanced level of the world is just around the
corner.

Steel Drums Market 2019 Analysis, Growth Opportunities and Recent

Trends by Leading Manufacturers & Regions by 2023

Steel Drums Market ultimate objective of the study is to study the user
acceptance of various parameters by mapping this market.
The report presents a detailed study of “Steel Drums Market” 2019 covering
global markets. It aims to give an appropriate depiction of the market, its trends,
perspectives and opportunities. Comprehensive data showing Steel Drums Market
worldwide production, consumption, trade statistics and prices are provided.

With the slowdown in world economic growth, the Steel Drums industry has also
suffered a certain impact, but still maintained a relatively optimistic growth, the
past four years, Steel Drums market size to maintain the average annual growth
rate of 15 from XXX million $ in 2014 to XXX million $ in 2018, analysts believe
that in the next few years, Steel Drums market size will be further expanded, we
expect that by 2023, The market size of the Steel Drums will reach XXX million $.
• This Report covers the manufacturers’ data, including: shipment, price,
revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these
data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also
covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional
development status, including market size, volume and value, as well as
price data.
• Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment,
industry segment, channel segment etc. cover different segment market
size, both volume and value. Also cover different industries clients
information, which is very important for the manufacturers.
as the leading players in the global Steel Drums Market. a competitive exploration
of this Market is also presented by end user (industrial and individual consumer)
and by geography (the Americas, APAC, and EMEA).
Key Vendors of Steel Drums Market: -
• General Steel Drum
• The Metal Drum Company
• Mid-America Steel Drum
• Rahway Steel Drum Company
• Skolnik Industries
• Inc
• Greif
• MAUSER
Others…

Steel Drums Market Segmentation by Product Type:

Cold rolled low carbon steel sheet
Hot rolled low carbon steel sheet

Industry Segmentation:
Chemical
Food Industry

Drum Manufacturing and Reconditioning VOC Control

One of the most common methods of transporting bulk cargo is a cylindrical

container known as a drum, also referred to as a barrel. These drums are used to
transport thousands of different types of cargo including industrial chemicals,
acids (and other corrosives), oils, solvents, paints, resins, adhesives and soaps.
Painted steel drums and drums made from high-density polyethylene, typically
called poly, or plastic drums, are used most often to transport and store such
cargo.
Painted steel is the most common method of construction for new drums, with a
manufacturing process that can generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and odors primarily from the internal and
external painting and coating processes.
In addition to the production of new drums, there is a significant market for the
reconditioning or refurbishing of used containers. These reconditioned steel
drums offer an environmentally and cost-effective alternative to the marketplace.
The cleaning and reconditioning processes include several steps where the
application of air pollution control may also be required to address VOCs, HAPs
and odors.
Recapture of these VOCs is important in the prevention of air pollution and smog.
Smog is formed when VOCs react with nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of
sunlight. The reaction forms ground-level ozone, airborne particulates and some
other pollution. VOCs are regulated as an ozone precursor under EPA’s criteria
pollutant program. Areas of the country that have ozone readings above EPA
guidelines are ruled non-attainment areas and have stricter regulations for VOC,
CO and NOx emissions. While odor issues related to industrial processes are not
uncommon, and the compounds creating the offensive odors may not be in
sufficient concentrations to present a health risk, they can diminish the quality of
life for the community surrounding the manufacturing or reconditioning process.

New Drum Manufacturing Process

One of the final steps in the manufacturing of new steel drums involves
painting/coating of the drums, during which VOCs and odors are released into the
environment. The main objective of this process is to improve the aesthetic and
to reduce the corrosion of the drums. After the drum parts are cleaned and
assembled, the drums are first conveyed through the interior lining paint spray
booth and drying oven, followed by the exterior paint spray booth and drying
oven. The drum lids are also conveyed through a paint spray booth and drying
oven for finishing.
The following processes in new drum/container manufacturing may generate
significant emissions of VOCs and odors:
• Interior lining paint booth and curing oven;
• Exterior paint booth and curing oven;
• Drum lid paint booth and curing oven:
• Reconditioning process.
Industrial container and drum cleaning (ICDC) facilities clean and recondition
metal and plastic drums, and intermediate bulk containers for resale, reuse or
disposal. The reconditioning process includes the cleaning, restoring, testing and
certifying of industrial containers, which may have previously contained materials
such as paints, resins, tars, adhesives, oils, soaps, solvents, cleaners or related
materials. The interiors and exteriors of the drums are cleaned and reconditioned
to prevent contamination of materials from one cargo shipment to the next, and
to ensure the integrity of the containers.
ICDC and reconditioning may include the following processes where VOCs and
odors may be emitted:
1. Aquatic wash process for cleaning bung-type drums
• Sequential wash processing steps, which may include caustic washing as
well as acid cleaning or etching.
• VOCs may be exhausted to a packed tower scrubber, however, the non-
water-soluble VOCs and odors require thermal treatment to be destroyed.
2. Thermal process for cleaning open-head steel drums
• Conveyed through a drum reclamation furnace at approximately 1,200 °F
with exhaust gas ducted to an afterburner at approximately 1,800 °F to
control VOC emissions.
3. Paint booth exhaust
4. Curing oven exhaust

VOC and Odor Control

Thermal oxidizers, or afterburners, are an effective method of controlling the
VOCs, HAPs and odor-causing compounds from new drum manufacturing and
drum reconditioning processes. Thermal treatment of VOCs and other air
pollutants works by a simple reaction of the harmful hydrocarbon-based air
pollutants with oxygen and heat. In this environment, the VOCs are chemically
oxidized to form harmless inert by-products like CO2, water vapor (H2O) and
usable heat. These harmless by-products are released to the atmosphere or used
within primary or secondary energy-recovery techniques to further lower the
operational costs.
The most commonly used thermal oxidizer is a Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer or
RTO. During operation of an RTO the VOCs are ducted into one of the system’s
regenerators, an internally insulated vessel containing specialized ceramic media
that allows thermal rate efficiencies up to 97%. The contaminated gases are
passed through the first regenerator where energy is transferred from the
ceramic media to the gases in order to elevate the temperature of the gases.
After reaching this elevated temperature, which approaches the ignition level for
most solvents, the gases are directed to the internally lined combustion chamber.
In the combustion chamber minimal heat is added to ensure a proper oxidation
temperature, and designed dwell time and turbulence are maintained providing
destruction of the VOCs at greater than 98% efficiency. The resultant clean,
oxidized gases are redirected into the second regenerator bed to continue the
energy transfer and oxidation cycle before being released to the atmosphere.
Emissions Capture
Collection of VOC emissions (referred to as “capture”) and the removal of
collected VOC emissions from the exhaust air stream using an air pollution control
device (referred to as “control”) are critical components in determining the
“overall control” or control efficiency of a VOC destruction system. While most
thermal oxidizers typically destroy or control more than 98% of all VOCs, fugitive
VOC emissions are often the largest contributor affecting overall VOC control.
Capture systems designed to eliminate fugitive emissions can include close
capture hooding, permanent total enclosures and temporary total enclosures.
Efficient capture of emissions in drum manufacturing and reconditioning facilities
requires an effective method of ensuring the collection and routing of VOCs from
the cleaning and painting operations to the control device such as an oxidizer.
Since 1969 Catalytic Products International (CPI) has been providing industry-
leading companies with solutions to their air pollution control needs. Today, CPI
partners with its customers as a trusted resource in resolving the most complex
air pollution and energy conservation problems. We provide our customers with
innovative and cost-conscious solutions to their most complex VOC, NOx and odor
pollution challenges. Our equipment is also at work meeting energy conservation
strategies and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.

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