STATICS

Statics is a branch of mechanics which studies the

effects and distribution of forces of rigid bodies which are
and remain at rest. In this area of mechanics, the body in
which forces are acting is assumed to be rigid. The
deformation of non-rigid bodies is treated in strength of
materials.

Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a

magnitude (or numerical value) alone. Vectors are
quantities that are fully described by both a magnitude
and a direction.
 FORCES
Forces acting at some angle from the coordinate
axes can be resolved into mutually perpendicular forces
called components.
FORCES
FORCES
 FORCES

Determine the x and y components of the forces

shown below.
FORCES
 FORCES

Determine the x and y components of the forces

shown below.
FORCES
 MOMENT OF A FORCE

Moment is the measure of the capacity or ability

of the force to produce twisting or turning effect about
an axis. The axis is perpendicular to the plane containing
the line of action of the force. The magnitude of the
moment is equal to the product of the force and the
perpendicular distance from the axis to the line of action
of the force. The intersection of the plane and the axis is
commonly called the moment center, and the
perpendicular distance from the moment center to the
line of action of the force is called moment arm.
MOMENT OF A FORCE

M=F*d
 MOMENT OF A FORCE

In Figure assuming clockwise moments as positive,

compute the moment of force F = 200 kg and force P =
165 kg about points A, B, C, and D.
MOMENT OF A FORCE
MOMENT OF A FORCE
MOMENT OF A FORCE
 MOMENT OF A FORCE

Without computing the magnitude of the resultant,

compute where the resultant of the forces shown in
Figure intersects the x and y axes.
MOMENT OF A FORCE
MOMENT OF A FORCE
 COUPLES

Couple is a system of forces whose magnitude of

the resultant is zero and yet has a moment sum.
Geometrically, couple is composed of two equal forces
that are parallel to each other and acting in opposite
direction. The magnitude of the couple is given by C = Fd.
 COUPLES

Determine the resultant moment about point A of

the system of forces shown in Figure. Each square is 1 ft on
a side.
COUPLES
 COUPLES

The three-step pulley shown in Fig. P-247 is

subjected to the given couples. Compute the value of
the resultant couple. Also determine the forces acting at
the rim of the middle pulley that are required to balance
the given system.
COUPLES
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Resultant of a force system is a force or a couple

that will have the same effect to the body, both in
translation and rotation, if all the forces are removed and
replaced by the resultant.

Coplanar Concurrent Force System

The line of action of each forces in coplanar
concurrent force system are on the same plane. All of
these forces meet at a common point, thus concurrent
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
Three ropes are tied to a small metal ring. At the
end of each rope three students are pulling, each trying
to move the ring in their direction. If we look down from
above, the forces and directions they are applying are
shown in Fig. P-011. Find the net force on the ring due to
the three applied forces.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Forces F, P, and T are concurrent and acting in the

direction as shown in Figure.
1. Find the value of F and α if T = 450 N, P = 250 N, β = 30°,
and the resultant is 300 N acting up along the y-axis.
2. Find the value of F and α if T = 450 N, P = 250 N, β = 30°
and the resultant is zero.
3. Find the value of α and β if T = 450 N, P = 250 N, F = 350
N, and the resultant is zero.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Coplanar Parallel Force System

Parallel forces can be in the same or in opposite
directions. The sign of the direction can be chosen
arbitrarily, meaning, taking one direction as positive
makes the opposite direction negative. The complete
definition of the resultant is according to its magnitude,
direction, and line of action.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

A parallel force system acts on the lever shown in

Figure. Determine the magnitude and position of the
resultant.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The resultant of three parallel loads (one is missing

in Figure) is 13.6 kg acting up at 3 m to the right of A.
Compute the magnitude and position of the missing load.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Resultant of Distributed Loads

The resultant of a distributed load is equal to the
area of the load diagram. It is acting at the centroid of
that area as indicated. The figure below shows the three
common distributed loads namely; rectangular load,
triangular load, and trapezoidal load.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The beam AB in Fig. P-238 supports a load which

varies an intensity of 220 N/m to 890 N/m. Calculate the
magnitude and position of the resultant load.
Ans.: R = 3330N at 3.6m to the left of A
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Spatial Parallel Force System

The resultant of parallel forces in space will act at
the point where it will create equivalent translational and
rotational (moment) effects in the system.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Resultant of non-concurrent force system

The resultant of non-concurrent force system is
defined according to magnitude, inclination, and
position.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Determine the resultant of the force system shown

in Figure and its x and y intercepts.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Compute the resultant of the three forces shown

in Figure. Locate its intersection with X and Y axes.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The Howe roof truss shown in Fig. P-267 carries the

given loads. The wind loads are perpendicular to the
inclined members. Determine the magnitude of the
resultant, its inclination with the horizontal, and where it
intersects AB.
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The body is said to be in equilibrium if the resultant

of all forces acting on it is zero. There are two major types
of static equilibrium, namely, translational equilibrium and
rotational equilibrium.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

In static, a body is said to be in equilibrium when

the force system acting upon it has a zero resultant.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The cable and boom shown in Fig. P-308 support a

load of 600 lb. Determine the tensile force T in the cable
and the compressive for C in the boom.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

A 300-lb box is held at rest on a smooth plane by a

force P inclined at an angle θ with the plane as shown in
Fig. P-310. If θ = 45°, determine the value of P and the
normal pressure N exerted by the plane.
Ans.: P = 212.13 lb, N = 409.81 lb
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Determine the magnitude of P and F necessary to

keep the concurrent f orce syst em in Fig. P-312 in
equilibrium.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The system of knotted cords shown in Fig. P-317

support the indicated weights. Compute the tensile force
in each cord.
Ans.: A = 846.41 lb, B = 914.16 lb, C = 400 lb, D = 207.06
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Determine the reactions for the beam shown in

Figure
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Determine the reactions for the beam shown in

Figure
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The roof truss in Figure is supported by a roller at A

and a hinge at B. Find the values of the reactions.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The upper beam in Figure is supported at D and a

roller at C which separates the upper and lower beams.
Determine the values of the reactions at A, B, C, and D.
Neglect the weight of the beams.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
A boom AB is supported in a horizontal position by
a hinge A and a cable which runs from C over a small
pulley at D as shown in Figure. Compute the tension T in
the cable and the horizontal and vertical components of
the reaction at A. Neglect the size of the pulley at D.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

The truss shown in Figure is supported on roller at A

and hinge at B. Solve for the components of the reactions.
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Compute the total reactions at A and B on the

truss shown in Figure
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS
 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF JOINTS
Determine the force in members AB, BD, and CD
of the truss shown in Figure. Also solve for the force on
members FH, DF, and DG.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF JOINTS
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF JOINTS
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF JOINTS
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF JOINTS
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF JOINTS
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF JOINTS
 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF SECTIONS
Using the method of sections, determine the force
in members BD, CD, and CE of the roof truss shown in
Figure.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF SECTIONS
 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF SECTIONS
The roof truss shown in Figure is pinned at point A,
and supported by a roller at point H. Determine the force
in member DG.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF SECTIONS
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
METHOD OF SECTIONS
 FRICTION

Friction is the contact resistance exerted by one

body when the second body moves or tends to move
past the first body. Friction is a retarding force that always
acts opposite to the motion or to the tendency to move.
Types of Friction

1. Dry friction, also called Coulomb friction, occurs when

unlubricated surfaces of two solids are in contact and
slide or tend to slide from each other. If lubricant
separates these two surfaces, the friction created is
called lubricated friction. This section will deal only with
dry friction.
 FRICTION

2. Fluid friction occurs when layers of two viscous fluids

moves at different velocities. The relative velocity
between layers causes frictional forces between fluid
elements, thus, no fluid friction occurs when there is no
relative velocity.

3. Skin friction also called friction drag is a component of

the force resisting the motion of a solid body through a
fluid.

4. Internal friction is associated with shear deformation of

the solid materials subjected to cyclical loading. As
deformation undergo during loading, internal friction may
accompany this deformation.
FRICTION
FRICTION
 FRICTION

A 400 lb block is resting on a rough horizontal

surface for which the coefficient of friction is 0.40.
Determine the force P required to cause motion to
impend if applied to the block (a) horizontally or (b)
downward at 30° with the horizontal.
FRICTION
 FRICTION

What weight W is necessary to start the system of

blocks shown in Fig. P-510 moving to the right? The
coefficient of friction is 0.10 and the pulleys are assumed
to be frictionless.
FRICTION
 FRICTION

A homogeneous block of weight W rests upon the

incline shown in Fig. P-512. If the coefficient of friction is
0.30, determine the greatest height h at which a force P
parallel to the incline may be applied so that the block
will slide up the incline without tipping over.
FRICTION
 FRICTION

In Fig. P-519, two blocks are connected by a solid

strut attached to each block with frictionless pins. If the
coefficient of friction under each block is 0.25 and B
weighs 2700 N, find the minimum weight of A to prevent
motion.
FRICTION
FRICTION
 FRICTION

A ladder 6 m long has a mass of 18 kg and its

center of gravity is 2.4 m from the bottom. The ladder is
placed against a vertical wall so that it makes an angle
of 60° with the ground. How far up the ladder can a 72-kg
man climb before the ladder is on the verge of slipping?
The angle of friction at all contact surfaces is 15°.
FRICTION
FRICTION
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
 CENTROIDS

The dimensions of the T-section of a cast-iron

beam are shown in Figure. How far is the centroid of the
area above the base?
CENTROIDS
 CENTROIDS

Locate the centroid of the shaded area shown in

Figure
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
 CENTROIDS

Find the coordinates of the centroid of the

shaded area shown in Figure
CENTROIDS
CENTROIDS
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
 MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
A rectangle is 3 in. by 6 in. Determine the polar
moment of inertia and the radius of gyration with respect
to a polar axis through one corner.
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
 MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
Determine the moment of inertia of the area
shown in Figure with respect to its centroidal axes.
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION