SCREW THREADS, BOLTS and NUTS

ME 114 – Engineering Drawing II
SCREW THREADS, BOLTS and NUTS
Mechanical Engineering Dr. Oğuzhan YILMAZ

University of Gaziantep Associate Professor
Threaded Fasteners
 Thread is the helical grooves which are opened to
inner and outer surfaces. Fig. 1 shows the screw
thread terminology.
 External thread (screw): A thread on the external

surface of a cylinder.
 Internal thread (nut): A thread on the internal

surface of a cylinder.
 Major diameter (diş üstü çap): The largest

diameter of a screw thread.
 Minor diameter (diş dibi çap): The smallest

diameter of a screw thread.
 Pitch diameter (bölüm çapı): The diameter of an

imaginary cylinder, the surface of which cuts the
thread forms where the width of the thread and
groove are equal.
Figure 1 1
Threaded Fasteners
 Crest: The edge or surface that joins the sides of a
thread and is farthest from the cylinder or cone
from which the thread projects.
 Root: The edge or surface that joins the sides of
adjacent thread forms and coincides with the
cylinder or cone from which the thread projects.
 Depth of threat: The distance between crest and
root measured normal to the axis.
 Pitch (hatve, adım): The distance between
corresponding points on adjacent thread forms
measured parallel to the axis.
 Right-hand thread: A thread that when viewed
axially winds in a clockwise and receding
direction. Threads are RH unless otherwise
specified.
 Left-hand thread: A thread that when viewed
axially winds in a counterclockwise and receding
Figure 1 2
Threaded Fasteners
 Lead: The distance a threaded part moves axially with respect to a fixed mating part,
in one complete revolution.
 Single thread: A thread having the thread form produced on only one helix of cylinder.
On a single thread, the lead and pitch are equivalent. Threads are always single
unless otherwise specified (Fig. 2).
 Multiple thread: A thread combination having the same form produced on two or
more helices. For a multiple thread, the lead is an integral multiple of the pitch (e.g.
on a double thread, lead is twice the pitch). A multiple thread permits a more rapid
advance without a coarser (larger) thread form (Fig. 2).
Figure 2
3
Screw Thread Profiles
 Profiles of standard screw thread forms used in industry are shown in Fig. 3.
Figure 3
4
Screw Thread Representation
 External (Fig. 4) and internal (Fig. 5) screw threads are illustrated below.
 Thread notes are used in drawings in order to define type and size of screw threads.
a: Major diameter (inch) Metric Type
British Type
b: Threads per inch
x: Metric screw thread
.250-20 UNC-2A-LH c: Form (i.e. Unified National Coarse) M20 x 2
y: Major diameter (mm)
d: External thread (B for internal)
a b c d e e: Left-hand thread (RH for right-hand)
x y z z: Pitch (mm)
Figure 4
Figure 5
5
Threads for Specific Purposes
 Screw threads for blind holes with partially tapped
(Fig. 6) and bottom tapped (Fig. 7) are shown below.
 The chamfered view of screw threads is drawn only
for large chamfers (Fig. 8).
 There are also threaded parts on pipes for special
applications (Fig. 9).
Figure 8
Figure 6
Figure 9
Figure 7 6
Bolts, Nuts and Studs
 Fig. 10 shows a nut (unfaced and faced at bottom side)
and a bolt having hexagonal heads.
 There are five commonly used type of fasteners in

industry using bolts, nuts, cap screws and studs (Fig. 11).
 In most cases, the combination of bolt and nut, stud or

cap screw with hexagonal heads are used for holding
parts together. Nut Bolt
Figure 10
Figure 11
7
Assembly Drawings of Bolted and Stud Joints
d d
d  major diameter
d1 d1
d1  0.85d
c
D  2d
s H
H
H  0 .8d
l0
l0
h  0.7 d
l
Dw  2.2d
n
n
l A  1.1d A
s  0.15d
l1
c  s to 2 s
l3
l2
m
m
A R  1 .5 d
r  based on R
R2  0.5c
h
K  3d
D
l  tabulated D
l0  2d to 2.5d
l1  1.25d
l2  l1  0.5d
Dw
Dw
K
K
l3  l  0.4d
m  tabulated
n  tabulated
Figure 12 Bolted Joint Figure 13 Stud Joint 8
Various Types of Bolts and Nuts
Figure 14
Figure 15

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ME 114 – Engineering Drawing II

SCREW THREADS, BOLTS and NUTS

Mechanical Engineering Dr. Oğuzhan YILMAZ

 External thread (screw): A thread on the external

 Internal thread (nut): A thread on the internal

 Major diameter (diş üstü çap): The largest

 Minor diameter (diş dibi çap): The smallest

 Pitch diameter (bölüm çapı): The diameter of an

 There are five commonly used type of fasteners in

 In most cases, the combination of bolt and nut, stud or

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