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Tutorial 04

1. This document discusses various canonical transformations in classical mechanics. Canonical transformations are transformations between different sets of canonical coordinates that preserve the Hamiltonian structure of classical mechanics. 2. Several examples of canonical transformations are provided, including transformations between different coordinate systems as well as transformations generated by different types of generating functions. 3. The document also covers determining whether a given transformation is canonical, such as by checking whether the Jacobian is equal to 1 or if a linear transformation satisfies the symplectic condition.

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Supriyo Dutta
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229 views

Tutorial 04

1. This document discusses various canonical transformations in classical mechanics. Canonical transformations are transformations between different sets of canonical coordinates that preserve the Hamiltonian structure of classical mechanics. 2. Several examples of canonical transformations are provided, including transformations between different coordinate systems as well as transformations generated by different types of generating functions. 3. The document also covers determining whether a given transformation is canonical, such as by checking whether the Jacobian is equal to 1 or if a linear transformation satisfies the symplectic condition.

Uploaded by

Supriyo Dutta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CYK\2019\PH403\Classical Mechanics\Tutorial 04

Topics: Canonical Transformations

1. Prove that the following transformations are canonical

(a) Q = p−1 and P = qp2


(b) Q = q α cos (βp) and P = q α sin (βp) only if α = 12 and β = 2
(c) Q = tan−1 (αq/p) and P = 21 αq 2 1 + p2 /α2 q 2 where α is any constant


(d) Q = aq + bp and P = cq + dp only if ad − bc = 1


(e) q = P 2 + Q2 and P = 21 tan−1 (P/Q)
(f) pi = Pi p2j and Qi = qi p2j − 2pi pj qj . (* Tough Problem *)
P P P

2. Determine the canonical transformations defined by the following generating functions:

(a) F1 (q, Q, t) = 12 mω(t)q 2 cot Q where ω(t) is a function of time and m is a constant.
2
(b) F1 (q, Q, t) = 12 mω q − F (t)/mω 2 cot Q where m and ω are constants.
(c) F1 (q, Q) = qQ − 12 mω 2 q 2 − Q2 /4mω where m and ω are constants
2
(d) F3 (Q, p) = − eQ − 1 tan p.

3. Show that the identity transformations can be generated only by generating functions of type
F2 (q, P ) and F3 (p, Q) and not by F1 (q, Q) and F4 (p, P ). Write down the form of F2 and F4 for
this case.

4. Show that the transformation defined by


−1/2 −1/2
q1 = λ 1 (2Q1 )1/2 cos P1 + λ2 (2Q2 )1/2 cos P2
−1/2 −1/2
q2 = −λ1 (2Q1 )1/2 cos P1 + λ2 (2Q2 )1/2 cos P2
1 1
p1 = (2λ1 Q1 )1/2 sin P1 + (2λ2 Q2 )1/2 sin P2
2 2
1 1
p2 = − (2λ1 Q1 )1/2 sin P1 + (2λ2 Q2 )1/2 sin P2
2 2
reduces the Hamiltonian

H = p21 + p22 + λ21 (q1 − q2 )2 /8 + λ22 (q1 + q2 )2 /8

to K = λ1 Q1 + λ2 Q2 . Integrate the equations of motion and express the solution in terms of the
original equations.

5. Consider the Hamiltonian for small oscillations of an anharmonic oscillator of unit mass to be
p2 1 2 2
H (q, p) = + ω q + αq 3 + βqp2
2 2
under the assumption that αq  ω 2 and βq  1. Find parameters a and b such that the canonical
transformations generated by F2 (q, P ) = qP + aq 2 P + bP 3 such that the new Hamiltonian does
not contain any anharmonic terms up to the first order in αQ/ω 2 and βQ. Determine solution
for q(t).

6. Show that the Cartesian to Polar coordinate transformation in phase space if introduced only for
coordinates given by {x1 , x2 , x3 , p1 , p2 , p3 } → {r, θ, φ, p1 , p2 , p3 } is not canonical but the transfor-
mation {x1 , x2 , x3 , p1 , p2 , p3 } → {r, θ, φ, pr , pθ , pφ } generated by F3 = − (p1 r sin θ cos φ + p2 r sin θ sin φ + p3 r c
is canonical. Write pr , pθ and pφ . Check if the Jacobian for the transformation is unity.

1
7. Let x denote the column matrix of canonical variables q1 , q2 , p1 and p2 for a system of 2 dof.
Consider a linear transformation x → x0 = M x where M is a 4×4 matrix with constant elements.
Show that this transformation will be canonical if M is symplectic, that is,

M JM T = J

where  
02×2 12×2
J=
−12×2 02×2
with 02×2 and 12×2 are null and identity matrices of dimensions 2 × 2.

8. Show that the following transformation is canonical:


√ √
x = α1 √2P1 sin Q1 + P2 , px = α2
   
√2P1 cos Q1 − Q2 
y = α1 2P1 cos Q1 + Q2 , py = − α2 2P1 sin Q1 − P2

with α is some fixed parameter.


Apply this transformation to the problem of a particle of charge q moving in a plane that is
perpendicular to a constant magnetic field B. Express the Hamiltonian for this problem in the
new coordinates with α2 = qBc . From this Hamiltonian, obtain the motion of the particle as a
function of time.

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