EcodialAdvanceCalculation Help

EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial
Technical help
Table of Contents
1. Legal Information ______________________________________________________________________ 5
2. Important Information__________________________________________________________________ 6
3. Component names _____________________________________________________________________ 7
4. Main changes following the Cenelec TR50480 report _______________________________________ 8
4.1. Modification of voltage factor c __________________________________________________________ 8
4.2. Elimination of the no-load factor m _______________________________________________________ 8
4.3. Calculation of short-circuit currents with parallel-connected transformers ________________________ 8
4.4. Contribution of asynchronous motors to short-circuit currents__________________________________ 8
5. Types of system earthing________________________________________________________________ 9
5.1. Types of system earthing & recommendation ______________________________________________ 10
6. Types of transformer losses ____________________________________________________________ 10
6.1. Immersed-type transformers ___________________________________________________________ 10
6.2. Dry-type transformers _________________________________________________________________ 10
7. Diversity factor Ks_____________________________________________________________________ 11
7.1. Switchboard busbars __________________________________________________________________ 11
7.2. Distribution BTS ______________________________________________________________________ 11
7.3. Diversity factor and operating mode _____________________________________________________ 11
8. Switchgear status and operating modes _________________________________________________ 12
9. Discrimination ________________________________________________________________________ 13
9.1. Discrimination of LV protective devices ___________________________________________________ 13
9.2. Discrimination of residual-current protective devices ________________________________________ 14
9.3. Discrimination between MV and LV protective devices _______________________________________ 15
10. Cascading____________________________________________________________________________ 16
10.1. Default and individual parameter settings _______________________________________________ 16
10.2. Attempts to find a cascading solution ___________________________________________________ 16
10.3. Limits on cascading _________________________________________________________________ 16
10.4. Other configurations for which cascading is not attempted __________________________________ 16
11. Check on the thermal stress in cables ____________________________________________________ 17
11.1. Principle __________________________________________________________________________ 17
11.2. Necessary measures against thermal stress ______________________________________________ 17
12. Switchgear Functions __________________________________________________________________ 18
12.1. Withdrawable circuit breakers and switches _____________________________________________ 18
12.2. Electrical operating mechanisms for circuit breakers and switches ____________________________ 18
12.3. Remote opening of switches __________________________________________________________ 18
© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 2/51

12.4. Visible break_______________________________________________________________________ 18

13. Classification of residual current devices _________________________________________________ 19
14. Type of residual-current protection ______________________________________________________ 20
14.1. High-sensitivity residual-current protection ______________________________________________ 20
14.2. Medium-sensitivity residual-current protection ___________________________________________ 21
15. Maximum permissible voltage drop for loads _____________________________________________ 22
15.1. Recommendations and requirements imposed by standards ________________________________ 22
15.2. Software parameter setting___________________________________________________________ 22
15.3. Procedure if the cumulative voltage drop for a load exceeds the permissible value_______________ 22
15.4. Circuit voltage-drop tolerances ________________________________________________________ 23
16. Cable Sizing __________________________________________________________________________ 24
16.1. Cable installation method ____________________________________________________________ 24
16.2. Maximum, permissible cross-sectional area ______________________________________________ 24
16.3. Cable sizing according to circuit breaker setting or rating ___________________________________ 25
16.4. Number of additional touching circuits __________________________________________________ 26
16.5. Additional derating coefficients for wiring systems ________________________________________ 26
16.6. Third-order harmonic distortion _______________________________________________________ 27
17. Manual and alternate solutions _________________________________________________________ 28
17.1. Alternate selection__________________________________________________________________ 28
17.2. Manual selection ___________________________________________________________________ 28
17.3. Processing of locked solutions _________________________________________________________ 28
18. Waiver of overload-protection requirements for safety circuits ______________________________ 29
19. Power factor for short-circuits on LV sources______________________________________________ 29
20. Calculation___________________________________________________________________________ 30
20.1. Calculation of LV-source phase impedances, based on Ik3max _______________________________ 30
20.2. Calculation of LV-source neutral impedances, based on Ik1min ______________________________ 30
20.3. Calculation of LV-source PE impedances, based on Ief ______________________________________ 31
20.4. Calculation of LV-source PE impedances, based on Ief2min __________________________________ 32
21. Consistency of LV-source input parameters _______________________________________________ 33
22. LV capacitor banks ____________________________________________________________________ 34
22.1. Type of regulation of LV capacitor banks ________________________________________________ 34
22.2. Types of LV capacitor banks___________________________________________________________ 35
23. Reactive power threshold ______________________________________________________________ 36
24. Coordination of circuit breakers and contactors ___________________________________________ 36
24.1. Definition _________________________________________________________________________ 36

24.2. Which type of coordination is needed?__________________________________________________ 36

25. Trip classes of motor thermal protection _________________________________________________ 37
26. Motor inrush currents _________________________________________________________________ 38
26.1. Principle __________________________________________________________________________ 38
26.2. Example I’’start/Ir ≤ 19 ______________________________________________________________ 38
26.3. Example I’’start/Ir > 19 ______________________________________________________________ 38
27. Transient over-torque of variable speed drives ____________________________________________ 39
28. Single-pole breaking capacity___________________________________________________________ 39
28.1. Single-pole breaking capacity at phase-to-phase voltage on IT systems ________________________ 39
28.2. Single-pole breaking capacity at phase-to-neutral voltage on TN systems ______________________ 39
29. Busbar Trunking System (BTS) __________________________________________________________ 40
29.1. Feeder distribution for Busbar Trunking System (BTS) ______________________________________ 40
29.2. Choosing uniform or non-uniform calculation for busbar trunking system ?_____________________ 40
29.3. Distance from origin_________________________________________________________________ 40
30. MV protective device __________________________________________________________________ 41
30.1. MV fuse technology _________________________________________________________________ 41
30.2. Type of MV relay ___________________________________________________________________ 41
31. UPS _________________________________________________________________________________ 44
31.1. UPS inputs connection _______________________________________________________________ 44
31.2. UPS requested redundancy ___________________________________________________________ 45
31.3. UPS mode_________________________________________________________________________ 45
31.4. UPS transformer requested ___________________________________________________________ 46
31.5. Number of UPS_____________________________________________________________________ 47
31.6. Number of UPS for redundancy________________________________________________________ 47
31.7. Number of bypass __________________________________________________________________ 47
31.8. Battery backup time_________________________________________________________________ 47
32. Surge Protection Devices _______________________________________________________________ 48
32.1. Enable / Disable Surge Protection Devices _______________________________________________ 49
32.2. Sensitive to over voltage _____________________________________________________________ 49
32.3. Circuit Breaker implementation _______________________________________________________ 49
32.4. Selection of Surge Protection Device____________________________________________________ 50

1. Legal Information
The information provided in this documentation contains general descriptions and/or technical
characteristics of the performance of the products contained herein. This documentation is not intended as a
substitute for and is not to be used for determining suitability or reliability of these products for specific user
applications. It is the duty of any such user or integrator to perform the appropriate and complete risk analysis,
evaluation and testing of the products with respect to the relevant specific application or use thereof. Neither
Schneider Electric nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall be responsible or liable for misuse of the information
contained herein. If you have any suggestions for improvements or amendments or have found errors in this
publication, please notify us.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, without express written permission of Schneider Electric.
All pertinent state, regional, and local safety regulations must be observed when installing and using this
product. For reasons of safety and to help ensure compliance with documented system data, only the
manufacturer should perform repairs to components.
When devices are used for applications with technical safety requirements, the relevant instructions must
be followed.
Failure to use Schneider Electric software or approved software with our hardware products may result in
injury, harm, or improper operating results.
Failure to observe this information can result in injury or equipment damage.

2. Important Information
NOTICE
Read these instructions carefully, and look at the equipment to become familiar with the device before
trying to install, operate, service, or maintain it. The following special messages may appear throughout
this documentation or on the equipment to warn of potential hazards or to call attention to information that
clarifies or simplifies a procedure.
PLEASE NOTE
Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only by qualified personnel.
No responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any consequences arising out of the use of this
material.
A qualified person is one who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of
electrical equipment and its installation, and has received safety training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved.

3. Component names
The default prefix of component names is defined in accordance with standard IEC 81346-2.
This standard defines the following rules depending on the type of equipment.
Code IEC 81346-2 definition Examples Ecodial component

Transporting low voltage LV cable and feeder
electrical energy( ≤ 1 000 V a.c. busbar-trunking
WD or ≤ 1 500 V d.c.) Bushing, cable, conductor systems (BTS)
Distributing low voltage
electrical energy( ≤ 1 000 V a.c. Busbar, motor control centre, Busbars and busbar-
WC or ≤ 1 500 V d.c.) switchgear assembly trunking systems (BTS)
Enclosing and supporting
UC electrical energy equipment Cubicle, encapsulation, housing LV switchboards
Converting electrical energy AC/DC converter, frequency
while retaining the energy type converter, power transformer, MV/LV and LV/LV
TA and energy form transformer transformers
Switching and variation of Circuit-breaker, contactor, motor Circuit-breakers and
QA electrical energy circuits starter, power transistor, thyristor contactors
Disconnector, fuse switch, fuse-
Isolation of electrical energy switch disconnector, isolating Switches and fuse
QB circuits switch, load-break switch switches
Driving by electromagnetic
MA force Electric motor, linear motor Asynchronous motors
Initiation of an electrical energy Dynamo, generator, motor-
flow by use of mechanical generator set, power generator,
GA energy rotating generator Backup generators
Fluorescent lamp, fluorescent
Generation of electromagnetic tube, incandescent lamp, lamp,
radiation for lighting purposes lamp bulb, laser, LED lamp,
EA using electrical energy maser, UV radiator Lighting loads
Capacitive storage of electric
CA energy Capacitor Capacitors
Stabilizing a flow of electrical Uninterruptible power supply
RB energy (UPS) UPS

4. Main changes following the Cenelec TR50480 report

4.1. Modification of voltage factor c
Table 7 in the Cenelec TR50480 technical report is derived from Table 1 in the IEC 60909 standard.
Rated voltage Voltage factor

cmax cmin
100 V to 1000 V 1.1 0.95
4.2. Elimination of the no-load factor m

The no-load factor m, present in the Cenelec R064-003 technical report, has been eliminated from all equations in the
Cenelec TR50480 technical report.
4.3. Calculation of short-circuit currents with parallel-connected transformers

The Cenelec TR50480 technical report defines more precisely the impedance method for calculation of short-circuit
currents in installations supplied by parallel-connected transformers.
Generator supply LV supply MV supply + parallel-connected MV/LV transformers

ZG ZQ ZQ
ZSUP ZSUP ZSUP
ZC ZC
ZC
ZT
Incomer:
Outgoer:
n T is the total number of transformers operating

simultaneously.
Incomer = the conductor between the transformer and the
main switchboard.
Outgoer = the circuits supplying the entire installation
downstream of the main switchboard.
4.4. Contribution of asynchronous motors to short-circuit currents

The Cenelec TR50480 technical report defines the K M coefficient that must be applied to the impedances (R SUP , XSUP )
to take into account the contribution of the motors.
The table below sums up the conditions where the contribution of asynchronous motors to the short-circuit current
must be taken into account.
Type of supply Motor Total power rating of KM value

motors operating
simultaneously (SrM)
Supply via MV/LV No static converter > 25% total power rating
transformer(s) of transformers (SrT )

5. Types of system earthing

TN-S system
TN-C system
TT system
IT system
Where possible, the neutral

is not distributed.
For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki.

5.1. Types of syste m earthing & recommendation
TN-C system earthing is not recommended on the sites where there is a risk of fire or explosion.
HAZARD OF FIRE OR EXPLOSION

Do not use TN-C system where fire or explosion occur.
Failure to follow these instructions will result in death or serious injury.
6. Types of transformer losses

6.1. Immersed-type transformers
Losses of MV/LV immersed-type transformers are defined by standard EN 50464-1 for:
losses under no-load conditions (P 0 ),
losses under load conditions (Pk).
This classification is valid for transformers immersed in mineral and vegetable oil.
No-load losses (P0) Load losses (Pk)

Optimum efficiency Optimum efficiency
Standard efficiency Standard efficiency
6.2. Dry-type transformers

Dry-type encapsulated transformers offer two possible loss levels:
normal losses,
reduced losses.

7. Diversity factor Ks
The IEC 60439-1 standard defines simultaneity factor values that can be used in the absence of more precise
information for prefabricated electrical panels and busbars.
EcoStruxure Power Design-Ecodial does not apply these values by default to calculate the operating currents for
pipes and busbars. This must be changed by the user manually.
The determination of ks factors is the responsibility of the designer, since it requires a detailed knowledge of the
installation and the conditions in which the individual circuits are to be exploited.
For this reason, it is not possible to give precise values for general application.
7.1. Switchboard busbars

Number of outgoers Ks
1 1
2-3 0.9
4-5 0.8
6 to 9 0.7
10 and more 0.6
7.2. Distribution BTS

Number of outgoers Ks
1 1
2-3 0.9
4-5 0.8
6 to 9 0.7
10 to 40 0.6
Over 40 0.5
7.3. Diversity factor and operating mode

For distribution BTSs and busbars, it is possible to set a diversity factor for each type of operating mode.
Simply select an operating mode and enter a value between 0 and 1 for the Ks parameter. The value becomes the
default value for the current operating mode (the lock next to the parameter closes ) and EcoStruxure Power
Design - Ecodial will no longer modify the value as a function of the number of outgoers. In the other operating modes,
the Ks value will continue to be calculated by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial, unless the value is set as indicated
above.

8. Switchgear status and operating modes

This property determines the open/closed (off/on) position of circuit breakers and switches in the various operating
modes. EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial can manage different status conditions of switchgear depending on the
operating mode. This makes it possible to take into account installations supplied by multiple sources, those offering
load shedding and those with seasonal operating modes, for example.
When the status of a circuit breaker or switch is "closed",, the circuit downstream of the circuit breaker (or switch) is
supplied in the current operating mode.
When the status of a circuit breaker or switch is "open", the downstream circuit is not supplied in the current operating
mode.
When a part of the network is not supplied in a given operating mode, it is shown in blue in the single-line diagram.
Given that the "closed" status condition is the most common in installations, only the "open" status condition is shown
in the single-line diagram.

9. Discrimination
9.1. Discrimination of LV protective devices
9.1.1.Principle
Instantaneous setting of the downstream protective device
Crossing detection zone. Table zone.

Discrimination limit = current at Check the manufacturer discrimination
which the curves cross. tables to determine the limit.
Tripping curve
Non-tripping curve
9.1.2.Partial and total discrimination

If the tripping curve of the downstream protection crosses the non-tripping curve of the upstream protection,
discrimination is said to be partial and the current at which the curves cross is called the discrimination or selectivity
limit current.
If the selectivity limit current is lower than the short-circuit current that can occur on the circuit protected by the
downstream protective device, discrimination is said to be partial.
If the selectivity limit current is higher than the maximum short-circuit current that can occur on the circuit protected by
the downstream protective device, discrimination is said to be total for the given installation.
9.1.3.Means to achieve total discrimination
If the curves cross in the crossing detection zone, i.e. below the downstream instantaneous-setting current, the
settings on the protective devices may be adjusted to achieve discrimination. Use of time-delayed trip units makes this
easier.
If the discrimination limit is in the table zone, the rating of the upstream protective device must be increased. In this
case, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial retains the circuit design current Ib as the reference for the thermal setting
of the protective device to avoid oversizing the cable.

9.2. Discrimination of residual-current protective devices

9.2.1.Principle
Discrimination between residual-current protective devices is achieved if the following conditions are met:
the sensitivity of the upstream device is greater than double the sensitivity of the downstream device,
the breaking time of the upstream device is 1.4 times longer than that of the downstream device.
The sensitivity of the downstream device must also meet the condition below:
sensitivity (I∆n) x 2 ≤ fault current (Ief).
≥ 2 → current discrimination OK
I∆n x2 ≤ Ief → protection of persons OK
Ikmin
≥ 1.4 → time discrimination OK
9.2.2.Partial discrimination
When the sensitivity discrimination condition is not met, discrimination is said to be partial.
However if the breaking-time discrimination condition is not met, there is no discrimination between the two residual-
current protective devices (even if the sensitivity discrimination condition is met).

9.3. Discrimination between MV and LV protective devices

To check discrimination between MV and LV protective devices, tripping curves have to be compared on the same
side of the transformer.
In EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial the MV protective device tripping curve is converted to the equivalent low
voltage curve in order to make the discrimination analysis.
Depending if the MV protective device is a fuse or relay the rules to ensure discrimination between MV and LV are
slightly different.
For MV fuse:
all parts of the minimum pre-arcing fuse curve must be located to the right of the CB curve by a factor of 1.35
or more (e.g. where, at time T, the CB curve passes through a point corresponding to 100 A, the fuse curve at
the same time T must pass through a point corresponding to 135 A, or more, and so on...),
and all parts of the fuse curve must be above the CB curve by a factor of 2 or more (e.g. where, at a current
level I the CB curve passes through a point corresponding to 1.5 seconds, the fuse curve at the same current
level I must pass through a point corresponding to 3 seconds, or more, etc.).
The factors 1.35 and 2 are based on standard maximum manufacturing tolerances for MV fuses and LV circuit-
breakers.
For MV relays associated to MV circuit-breakers:

all parts of the minimum MV CB curve must be located to the right of the LV CB curve by a factor of 1.35 or
more (e.g. where, at time T, the LV CB curve passes through a point corresponding to 100 A, the MV CB
curve at the same time T must pass through a point corresponding to 135 A, or more, and so on...),
and all parts of the MV CB curve must be above the LV CB curve (time of LV CB curve must be less or equal
than MV CB curves minus 0.3 s).
The factors 1.35 and 0.3 s are based on standard maximum manufacturing tolerances for MV current transformers,
MV protection relay and LV circuit-breakers.
Where a LV fuse-switch is used, similar separation of the characteristic curves of the MV protective device and LV
fuses must be respected.

10. Cascading
10.1. Default and individual parameter settings
On the Project parameters tab, in the zone for device selection, it is possible to request that the system attempt to
set up cascading for all final protection devices, i.e. those immediately upstream of the loads. It is on the final circuits
that there is the greatest number of outgoers and consequently that cascading can provide the greatest benefits.
In addition, there is an individual parameter for each circuit breaker in the installation, among the circuit-breaker
properties, to activate or deactivate system attempts to establish cascading.
10.2. Atte mpts to find a cascading solution

When cascading is requested for a circuit breaker, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial looks for a cascading solution
with the upstream circuit breaker.
If EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial cannot find a cascading solution with the upstream circuit breaker, then an
alert message is displayed in the alarm window and solutions without cascading are proposed.
10.3. Limits on cascading

Certain configurations in electrical installations making cascading impossible:
the circuit breaker selected for cascading is supplied by two parallel circuits,
the circuit breaker selected for cascading and the upstream circuit breaker are on opposite sides of a LV/LV
transformer.
Circuit breaker downstream of parallel Circuit breakers on opposite sides of an

MV/LV transformers LV/LV transformer
No cascading
No cascading
10.4. Other configurations for which cascading is not atte mpted

When a circuit breaker is supplied by circuit breakers operating under different operating modes, EcoStruxure Power
Design - Ecodial does not attempt to find a cascading solution.
No search for a
cascading solution

11. Check on the thermal stress in cables

11.1. Principle
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial checks the thermal stress for all conductors in a cable:
phase,
neutral,
PE or PEN.
The thermal stress is within permissible limits if:
the Isd threshold is lower than the circuit minimum short-circuit current (IEC 60364 § 533.3.2).
Otherwise, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial checks that:
the thermal stress (i²t) in each of the circuit conductors (phase, neutral, PE or PEN) in the cable does not
cross the t(i) curve of the protective device.
Ikmin
i²t phase
i²t neutral
i²t PE
11.2. Necessary measures against thermal stress

If neither of the above conditions are met, there are two ways to correct the circuit:
install an adjustable protective device on which Isd can be set to below Ikmin,
manually increase the cross-sectional area of the conductor(s) by the current protective device.

12. Switchgear Functions

12.1. Withdrawable circuit breakers and switches
If a withdrawable circuit breaker or switch is required, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial selects only devices that
can be disconnected from a chassis (withdrawable or drawout versions) or a base (plug-in versions), i.e.
withdrawability not dependent on the switchboard system in which they are installed.
If withdrawability is not required, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes solutions without taking the feature
into account.
In the results zone, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial indicates whether a withdrawable version exists for each
device.
12.2. Electrical operating mechanisms for circuit breakers and switches

If a circuit breaker or switch requires a motorised electrical operating mechanism, EcoStruxure Power Design -
Ecodial selects only devices offering the option.
If the option is not required, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes solutions without taking the option into
account.
In the results zone, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial indicates whether the option exists for each device.
12.3. Remote opening of switches

If remote opening of a switch is required, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial selects only devices offering the option.
This function may be used, for example, for load shedding.
If the option is not requested, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial selects only devices that cannot be remotely
opened.
In the absence of an indication (parameter set to Any), EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes solutions
without taking the option into account.
In all cases, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial indicates in the results zone whether each device can be remotely
opened or not.
12.4. Visible break

For certain applications, visible breaking of circuit may be required for protective reasons.
On a device offering visible break, the operator can see via a transparent screen that the contacts are in fact open.
For example, the Interpact INV range offers a double protective function with visible break and positive contact
indication.
If visible break is required on a switch, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial selects only switches offering the function.
If it is not required, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial selects only devices not offering the function.
In the absence of an indication (parameter set to Any), EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes solutions
without taking the function into account.
In all cases, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial indicates for each device in the results zone whether the function is
available.

13. Classification of residual current devices

Standard IEC 60755 (General requirements for residual-current operated protective devices) defines three types of
residual-current protection depending on the fault-current characteristics.
Type AC
Tripping is provided for residual sinusoidal alternating currents, without a DC component.
Type A
Tripping is provided for residual sinusoidal alternating currents and specified residual pulsating direct currents.
Type B
Tripping is provided for currents identical to those for class A and for residual direct currents produced by three-phase
rectification.
In addition, Schneider Electric offers the following types of residual-current devices in its catalogue:
SI (super immunised) with reinforced immunity to nuisance tripping in polluted networks,
SiE designed for environments with severe operating conditions.
The table below presents the recommended type and immunity level as a function of the external conditions and the
level of disturbances on the electrical network.
Recommended Possibility of Risk of non-operation (in the presence of a fault)

type nuisance
tripping
HF leakage Fault current Fault current Low Corrosive or
current with with pure DC temperature dusty
pulsating component (to -25°C) atmosphere
components
AC  
A   
SI   
SiE    
B    

14. Type of residual-current protection

Residual-current protection may be:
integrated in breaking devices,
or carried out by a separate residual-current relay in conjunction with a separate toroid and a voltage release
(MN or MX).
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial offers a choice between the two possibilities.
If no choice is made (parameter set to Any), the proposed solutions include both integrated and separate devices that
are compatible with the breaking device.
14.1. High-sensitivity residual-current protection
• The necessary assessment of the electrical installation is required to know the ‘high sensitivity
residual current protection’.
• Use the residual current protection devices with a sensitivity I∆n less than or equal to 30 mA.
The situations and applications presented below require highly-sensitivity residual-current devices, i.e. devices with a
sensitivity I∆n less than or equal to 30 mA.
Example of applications / situation

Additional protection against direct contact
For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki
Premises with fire risk

Power outlets
Swimming pool
Bathrooms (least exposed zone)
In the TT system, when the resistance of the earth electrode for exposed conductive
parts is high (> 500 Ω).
Floor heating

14.2. Medium-sensitivity residual-current protection
• The necessary assessment of the electrical installation is required to know the ‘medium sensitivity
residual current protection’.
• Use the residual current protection devices with a sensitivity I∆n less than or equal to 300 mA or
500 mA.
The situations and applications presented below require medium-sensitivity residual-current devices, i.e. devices with
a sensitivity I∆n less than or equal to 300 mA or 500 mA.
Example of applications / situation IΔn

Protection against fire risks. ≤ 300 mA
Required for premises with risk of fire or risk
of explosion.
Floor heating ≤ 500 mA

15. Maximum permissible voltage drop for loads

15.1. Recommendations and requirements imposed by standards
The maximum, permissible voltage drop for loads varies depending on the installation standard.
Below are the data for standard IEC 60364.
Type of load IEC 60364

Lighting 4% recommended
Other loads 4% recommended
15.2. Software parameter setting

In EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial, the default values for the maximum permissible voltage drops for loads may
be set for each type of load on the Project parameters tab.
The maximum permissible voltage drop may also be set individually in the properties for each load.
15.3. Procedure if the cumulative voltage drop for a load exceeds the permissible
value
If the calculated, cumulative voltage drop exceeds the maximum, permissible value, EcoStruxure Power Design -
Ecodial displays a message to signal the detected error.
To clear the detected error, reduce the voltage-drop tolerances for the upstream circuits supplying the load ( Circuit
voltage-drop tolerances).

15.4. Circuit voltage-drop tolerances

The default value for circuit voltage-drop tolerances can be set on the Projects parameters tab for:
cables,
busbar trunking systems (BTS).
The maximum permissible voltage drop for a circuit may also be set individually in the properties for each cable and
BTS. Modifying this parameter is a means to customise the distribution of the voltage drop between the various
circuits upstream of a load.
In the example below, the calculated voltage Below, the voltage-drop tolerance for cable WD3
drop for load AA7 is 6.06%, i.e. greater than the has been reduced to 3%. EcoStruxure Power
maximum permissible value of 6%. The Design - Ecodial consequently increases the size
tolerance for circuit voltage drops is set to 5%. of the cable and the voltage drop for load AA7 is
now less than 6% (4.98%).
∆u ∆u tolerance
+3.86% 5% → 3%
∆u
+ 1.93%
To maintain the maximum voltage drop for AA7 to less than 6%, it is necessary to reduce the voltage drops on the
upstream circuits (WD3 and WD7) by reducing the voltage-drop tolerance(s).
There are two possible methods.
Reduce the tolerances for all upstream circuits, in which case the size (cross-sectional area) of all upstream circuits
will be increased.
Reduce the tolerance for a single upstream circuit, namely the circuit selected by the designer as the best for an
increase in size.

16. Cable Sizing

16.1. Cable installation method
Click the Modify installation method command to modify the installation method.
In the window, the information is presented in two steps:

description of the situation and of the installation system,
definition of the parameters for the grouping factor that depends on the installation method.
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial presents in the results zone of the window:
the installation-method number,
the reference method used,
a complete description of the installation method,
a diagram.
16.2. Maximum, permissible cross-sectional area

This parameter may be used to limit the size (cross-sectional area) of cables and conductors.
For values above the permissible limit, parallel cables are run in order to comply with the theoretical size required for
the design current of the wiring system.

16.3. Cable sizing according to circuit breaker setting or rating

EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial provides two possibilities to size cables using as maximum current:
the circuit-breaker setting Ir,
the circuit-breaker rating In.
For example in a circuit where the requested design current is 220A, using a Compact NSX250 with Mircologic 2.2 trip
unit the cable sizing can be made taking into account:
In = 250 A, the cable is sized to 95 mm²,
Or Ir = 220 A, the cable is sized to 70 mm².
Cable sized with circuit-breaker Cable sized with circuit-breaker

rating Ir (250A) setting Ir (220A)

16.4. Number of additional touching circuits

When defining cable installation method, some additional settings for grouping factors are available, in particular the
number of additional touching circuits.
In EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial this parameter defines the number of other circuits (out of the concerned
circuit), that may be installed in the same installation system (cable tray, conduit, etc.).
If the concerned circuit itself contains several conductors per phase, the grouping factor is automatically set to the
right value by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial.
1 cable of 120 mm² per phase, and is installed 2 cables of 120 mm² per phase and is installed
in a cable tray with 2 other circuits in a cable tray with 2 other circuits
Additional circuits Additional circuits
The number of additional touching circuit has to The number of additional touching circuit has to
be set to 2 be set to 2
Then the grouping factor will be set by Then the grouping factor will be set by
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial for 3 EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial for 4
touching circuits (the concerned circuit + 2 touching circuits (2 for the concerned circuit + 2
additional circuits) additional circuits)
16.5. Additional derating coefficients for wiring syste ms

This coefficient is applied in addition to the other coefficients for the installation method.
The table below provides examples of typical values that should be applied when certain external conditions exist.
External condition Coefficient values

Premises with risk of explosion 0.85
Significant exposure to solar 0.85
radiation

16.6. Third-order harmonic distortion

16.6.1. Origin
When the neutral is distributed, non-linear loads may cause large overloads in the neutral conductor due to the
presence of third-order (H3) harmonics.
Balanced three-phase loads do not cause H3 harmonics in the neutral conductor. But H3 harmonics can reach 80% of
the fundamental for non-linear single-phase loads such as single-phase diode-bridge rectifiers with capacitive filtering.
To know more about harmonic effects in neutral conductor Electrical Installation Wiki.
Single-phase diode-bridge rectifiers with capacitive filtering
Diagram Waveform of current drawn Harmonic spectrum of current drawn
Many devices in a wide range of fields include this type of circuit. They are the main causes of H3 harmonics.
Field Devices
Residential TV, hi-fi, video, microwave ovens, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), etc.
Services Microcomputers, printers, photocopiers, fax machines, CFLs, etc.
Industry Switch-mode power supplies, variable-speed drives, CFLs, etc.
16.6.2. Impact of neutral protection on cable sizes
Table 52-D1 and §523.5.3 of standard IEC 60364 sums up the rules for neutral protection, selection of cable sizes and
the factors for permissible-current reduction in cables when H3 harmonics are present.
THDI ≤ 15% 15% < THDI ≤ 33% 33% < THDI ≤ 45% THDI > 45%
S neutral = S phase /2 S neutral = S phase S phase = Sneutral S phase = Sneutral
is permissible (1) S phase is decisive S neutral is decisive S neutral is decisive
Neutral protected Factor = 0.86 IBneutr al = 3 X THDi x IBneutr al = 3 X THDi x I Bphase
IBphas e Factor = 1
Factor = 0.86
(1) If Sphase > 16 mm² Cu or 25 mm² Alu

16.6.3. Impact on circuit-breaker selection
For single-core cables, only the neutral conductor must be oversized, on the condition that the circuit breaker is
capable of protecting an oversized neutral. When that is possible, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes a
circuit breaker equipped with a 4P3d+OSN trip unit that must been the following conditions:
Irneutral ≥ IBneutral,
Irphase ≥ IBphase , i.e. Irneutral ∙0.63 ≥ IBphase .
For 4P3d+OSN trip units, the Irphase /Irneutral ratio is constant at 0.63.

17. Manual and alternate solutions

The Select another product command provides access to two separate functions:
selection of alternate solutions validated by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial during a calculation,
manual selection of a product from the catalogue.
This command is available for the components listed below:

MV Cable
LV cables,
Busbar-trunking systems (BTS),
Circuit breakers,
Switches,
Residual-current devices
UPS
Surge Protection Devices
MV Fuse
MV Relay
17.1. Alternate selection

Alternate solutions may be accessed only after a calculation has been validated. If that is the case and the Select
another product command is launched, the selection window automatically opens the Calculated products window.
Then simply select the desired solution using the values proposed in the selection zone. The results zone is updated
with the new solution. When OK is clicked, the solution is confirmed (locked), i.e. it will be used for future calculations.
17.2. Manual selection

A prior, validated calculation is not required to access solutions in the catalogue. If a calculation has not yet been
validated, the selection window automatically opens the Entire catalogue window. If a calculation has been validated,
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial opens the Calculated products selection window. Select Entire catalogue to
access the entire catalogue.
When a product is selected manually from the catalogue, it is "locked" for use in future calculations.
17.3. Processing of locked solutions

When a solution has been locked by a user (via a manual or alternate selection), EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial
no longer calculates the component, but it does check that the locked solution meets electrotechnical requirements. If
a requirement is not met, the locked solution does not process the check, the calculation is stopped and an alert
message is issued. To clear the problem, it is necessary to unlock the solution and restart the calculation.

18. Waiver of overload-protection requirements for safety circuits

For protective reasons, an application may need to continue operation even under fault detected conditions, in which
case overload protection should be inhibited.
The inhibition function is required notably for motors used to remove smoke from public buildings.
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial includes a function to waiver thermal protection for circuit breakers supplying
loads.
In this case, two types of circuit breakers are proposed by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial:
circuit breakers without thermal protection and equipped with an MA trip unit,
circuit breakers equipped with a control unit enabling inhibition of thermal protection (e.g. Micrologic 5 or
equivalent).
In that case, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial sizes the circuit breaker and the cable to accept 1.5 times the
design current of the circuit.
19. Power factor for short-circuits on LV sources

By default, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes the values drawn from Table 11 in standard IEC 60947-2
which specifies the test conditions used to determine circuit-breaker breaking capacities.
Short-circuit current (kA) Power factor for short-circuits PFsc

Ikmax ≤ 3 0.9
3 < Ikmax ≤ 4.5 0.8
4.5 < Ikmax ≤ 6 0.7
6 < Ikmax ≤ 10 0.5
10 < Ikmax ≤ 20 0.3
20 < Ikmax ≤ 50 0.25
50 < Ikmax 0.2

20. Calculation
20.1. Calculation of LV-source phase impedances, based on Ik3max
Ik3max is used to calculate the phase impedances on the upstream network, represented by the LV source.
c max ⋅ Ur
ZL =
3 ⋅ Ik3max
R L = Z L ⋅ PFsc
XL = Z L 2 − R L 2
Ur phase-to-phase voltage (V)

Ik3max maximum three-phase short-circuit current (A)
c max voltage factor ( Main changes following the Cenelec TR50480 report)
PFsc Power factor for short-circuits on LV sources
ZL impedance of phases (Ω)
RL resistance of phases (Ω)
XL inductance of phases at 50 Hz (Ω)
Depending on the type of system earthing, there are a number of dependencies between the different short-circuit
currents (Ik3max, Ik1min, Ief, Ief2min) that must be entered.
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial checks the consistency between the parameters ( Consistency of LV-source
input parameters).
20.2. Calculation of LV-source neutral impedances, based on Ik1min

Ik1min is used to calculate the neutral impedances (if the neutral is distributed) on the upstream network, represented
by the LV source.
Un
c min ⋅
3
ZN = − ZL
Ik1min
RN = ZN ⋅ PFsc
XN = Z N 2 − R N 2

c min voltage factor ( Main changes following the Cenelec TR50480 report)
Ik1min minimum single-phase short-circuit current (A)
ZL impedance of phases (Ω)
ZN impedance of neutral (Ω)
RN resistance of neutral (Ω)
XN inductance of neutral at 50 Hz (Ω)
These equations are also valid for the impedance of the PEN conductor in the TN-C system (with a distributed
neutral).
input parameters).

20.3. Calculation of LV-source PE impedances, based on Ief

Ief is used to calculate the PE impedance in the following cases:
TN-S system and no equipotential bonding near the connection point,
TN-C system, neutral not distributed and no equipotential bonding near the connection point.
If there is equipotential bonding near the connection point, upstream PE impedance is negligible for all types of
system earthing.
In the TT system, upstream PE impedance is never taken into account.
 U U 
 cmin × r cmax × r 
3 3
ZPE = - 
 Ief Ik3max 
 
 
 U U 
 cmin × r cmax × r 
R PE = 3- 3  × PF
sc
 Ief Ik3max 
 
 
XPE = ZPE 2 − RPE 2

Ief minimum phase/PE fault current (A)
ZPE impedance of PE (Ω)
RPE resistance of PE (Ω)
XPE inductance of PE at 50 Hz (Ω)
input parameters).

20.4. Calculation of LV-source PE impedances, based on Ief2min

Ief2min is used to calculate the PE impedance in an IT system when there is no earthing equipotential bonding near
the connection point.
If there is equipotential bonding near the connection point, upstream PE impedance is negligible for all types of
system earthing.
 U U 
 cmin × α × r cmax × r 
3 3
ZPE = - 
 2 × Ief2min Ik3max 
 
 
 U U 
 cmin × α × r cmax × r 
3 3
RPE = - × PFsc
 2 × Ief2min Ik3max 
 
 
XPE = ZPE 2 − RPE 2
α = 3 in IT systems without a neutral

α = 1 in IT systems with a neutral
Ief2min minimum double-fault current (A)
ZPE impedance of PE (Ω)
RPE resistance of PE (Ω)
XPE inductance of PE at 50 Hz (Ω)
input parameters).

21. Consistency of LV-source input parameters

The table below sums up the consistency checks run by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial on the LV-source input
parameters.
Inconsistency condition When and where? Justification

Ik1min ≤ In All types of earthing systems with Ik1min may not be less than the
a distributed neutral. rated current.
c min All types of earthing systems with Ik3max / Ik1min is too low.
Ik 3 max× < Ik1 min a distributed neutral. This results in a negative neutral
c max
impedance.
Ief ≤ In TN-S system with no equipotential The fault current may not be less
bonding near the connection point. than the rated current.
TN-C.
c min TN-S system with no equipotential Ik3max / Ief is too low.
Ik 3 max× < If bonding near the connection point. This results in a negative PE(N)
c max
TN-C system without a distributed impedance.
neutral and with no equipotential
bonding near the connection point.
Ief 2 min ≤ In IT system with no equipotential The double-fault current may not
bonding near the connection point. be less than the rated current.
c min IT system with a neutral, but no Ik3max / Ief2min is too low.
Ik 3 max× × 0.5 < Ief 2 min equipotential bonding near the This results in a negative PE
c max
connection point. impedance.
c min 3 IT system, with no incoming Ik3max / Ief2min is too low.
Ik 3 max× × < Ief 2 min equipotential bonding, when the This results in a negative PE
c max 2
neutral is not distributed. impedance.

22. LV capacitor banks

22.1. Type of regulation of LV capacitor banks
22.1.1. Principle
By default, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes the type of regulation (fixed or automatic) of capacitor
banks for power factor correction according to the following rules:
If the power to be corrected (Q upstream + Q downstream) is greater than 15% of the apparent power of the upstream
sources (sum of the apparent powers of upstream transformers used simultaneously), then EcoStruxure Power
Design - Ecodial imposes power factor correction with an automatic capacitor bank.
If not, a fixed capacitor bank can be used and EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial therefore proposes both fixed and
automatic power factor correction solutions.
This principle is followed to avoid overvoltage in the installation when the installed power of the capacitor bank is high
with respect to the consumption of the installation. An automatic capacitor bank adjusts the number of capacitor steps
connected according to the level of the load on the installation.
22.1.2. Example of a fixed capacitor bank
Source power = 630 kVA.
Calculate reactive power to be corrected = 46.3 kvar.
Rating of selected solution: 54.5 kvar.
Ratio = 54.5 / 630 = 8.6% (< 15%), allowing the use of a fixed capacitor bank.
22.1.3. Example of an automatic capacitor bank

Source power = 250 kVA.
Calculated reactive power to be corrected = 46.3 kvar.
Rating of selected solution: 51.3 kvar.
Ratio = 51.3 / 250 = 20.5% (≥ 15%), imposing the choice of an automatic capacitor bank (a fixed capacitor bank
cannot be used)

22.2. Types of LV capacitor banks

22.2.1. Principle
The type of capacitor bank is determined by the level of harmonic disturbances at the point of connection of the
capacitor bank. The flow of harmonic currents in the installation leads to harmonic voltages across the terminals of the
capacitors that can cause overcurrents at harmonic frequencies.
22.2.2. Calculating the harmonic disturbance level Gh/Sn in the installation
The type of capacitor bank is determined by calculating the ratio Gh/Sn, representing the level of harmonic
disturbances in the installation:
Gh: total apparent power (kVA ) of the harmonic loads connected downstream of the main LV switchboard (MLVS)
Sn: rated apparent power of the transformer(s) supplying the MLVS.
The ratio Gh/Sn is calculated by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial for each capacitor bank, taking into account the
loads declared as harmonic loads.
The ratio Gh/Sn can also be entered directly for each capacitor bank. In this case, the values are locked and will not
be modified by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial in the event of changes in the installation.
22.2.3. Selection criteria

LV capacitor banks are available for 3 levels of harmonic withstand:
Gh/Sn < 15%, "Classic" capacitor banks can be used,
15% ≤ Gh/Sn < 25 %, the capacitor banks must be at least of the "Comfort" type (the "Classic" type is not
allowed),
Gh/Sn ≥ 25%, "Harmony" capacitor banks must be used (the "Classic" and "Comfort" types are not allowed).
If Gh/Sn exceeds 50%, a special study must be carried out to determine the type of capacitor bank because harmonic
filtering must be installed.

23. Reactive power threshold

This parameter determines the reactive power threshold above which power factor correction is required. If the
reactive power consumed by the installation is less than this value, installation of power factor correction capacitors is
unnecessary even if the PF is less than the Target PF.
The following two conditions must therefore be satisfied before EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial will carry out
capacitor bank calculations:
PF < Target PF
Reactive power consumed > Threshold (50 kvar by default).
24. Coordination of circuit breakers and contactors

24.1. Definition
Standard IEC 60947-4-1 defines two types of coordination.
Type Definition
Type 1 Deterioration of the contactor and the relay is acceptable under two conditions:
no danger to operating personnel,
no danger to any components other than the contactor and the relay
Type 2 Only minor welding of the contactor or starter contacts is permissible and the contacts
must be easily separated. Following type-2 coordination tests, the switchgear and
controlgear functions must be fully operational.
When the switchgear and controlgear includes both the circuit breaker and contactor functions, coordination is
considered to be total.
24.2. Which type of coordination is needed?

Selection of a type of coordination depends on the operating conditions encountered. The goal is to achieve the
balance between the user’s needs and the cost of the installation.
Type user’s needs / cost of the optimised installation

Type 1 Qualified maintenance service,
Low cost of switchgear and controlgear,
Continuity of service is not imperative or may be established by simply replacing the
motor drawer.
Type 2 Continuity of service is imperative,
Limited maintenance service,
Specifications stipulating type 2.

25. Trip classes of motor thermal protection

The four trip classes of a thermal relay are 10 A, 10, 20 and 30 (maximum tripping times at 7.2 Ir).
Classes 10 and 10 A are the most commonly used. Classes 20 and 30 are reserved for motors with difficult starting
conditions.
The following diagram and table show the thermal relay suited to the motor starting time.
Trip Class 1,05 Ir 1,2 Ir 1,5 Ir 7,2 Ir

10A t > 2h t < 2h t < 2 min 2 ≤ t ≤ 10 s
10 t > 2h t < 2h t < 4 min 4 ≤ t ≤ 10 s
20 t > 2h t < 2h t < 8 min 6 ≤ t ≤ 20 s
30 t > 2h t < 2h t < 12 min 9 ≤ t ≤ 30 s

26. Motor inrush currents

26.1. Principle
When the motor inrush or starting current is greater than 19 Ir, device ratings are increased by 20% to satisfy optimum
starting and coordination conditions.
26.2. Example I’’start/Ir ≤ 19

For an 11 kW motor with direct-on-line starting, the following protection is selected:
Circuit breaker: P25 M 23 A,
Contactor: LC1D25.
26.3. Example I’’start/Ir > 19

For an 11 kW motor with direct-on-line starting, the following protection is selected:
Circuit breaker: GV2ME 32 A,
Contactor: LC1D32.

27. Transient over-torque of variable speed drives

Certain applications require an over-torque during transient acceleration and deceleration phases. In this case, a "high
torque" variable speed drive (VSD)should be used. For other applications (e.g. centrifugal pumps and fans), a VSD
with "standard torque" is sufficient.
Standard torque High torque

The over-torque and the associated overcurrent The over-torque and the associated overcurrent
are limited by the VSD to a typical value of 1.2 are limited by the VSD to a typical value of 1.5 to
to 1.4 times the rated current of the VSD for 60 1.7 times the rated current of the VSD for 60
seconds. This setting is compatible with seconds. This setting is compatible with
applications such as centrifugal pumps, fans applications such as handling and grinding
and conveyors. equipment and pumps with high break-off
torques.
28. Single-pole breaking capacity

28.1. Single-pole breaking capacity at phase-to-phase voltage on IT syste ms
When a double fault occurs on an IT system, the protective devices must be able to break the double-fault current on
a single pole at the phase-to-phase voltage.
In IT installations, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial therefore checks that the protective device satisfies the
following two conditions:
breaking capacity (Icu) greater than the maximum short-circuit current (Ik3max, Ik2max or Ik1max),
single-pole breaking capacity at the phase-to-phase voltage greater than the double-fault current.
The short-circuit currents Ik3max, Ik2max and Ik1max are calculated in compliance with Cenelec TR50480 technical
report.
For the double-fault current, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial check that the breaking capacity at the phase-to-
phase voltage is greater than:
the current Ief calculated in compliance with Cenelec TR50480 technical report
0.15 times the 3-phase short-circuit current at the point considered if this current is less than or equal to 10
000 A,
0.25 times the 3-phase short-circuit current at the point considered if this current is greater than 10 000 A.
28.2. Single-pole breaking capacity at phase-to-neutral voltage on TN syste ms

For TN installations, the protective devices must be able to break the double-fault current on a single pole at the
phase-to-neutral voltage.
No specific indication exists in standard IEC 60364, however all versions of EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial carry
out this check for all protective devices and indicate the single-pole breaking capacity at the phase-to-neutral voltage
when it is different than the breaking capacity Icu of the device.

29. Busbar Trunking System (BTS)

29.1. Feeder distribution for Busbar Trunking Syste m (BTS)
Feeder distribution is used for choosing whether the tap off points on the BTS are placed equidistance from each
other (Uniform) or not (Non Uniform). The choice affects how the voltage drops and short-circuit currents are
calculated.
Uniform Non Uniform

The voltage drop is uniform across any of the The voltage drop varies across the tap off point
tap off points. The voltage drop IS calculated based on distance from origin of the tap off point.
across the entire length of the BTS The voltage drop is calculated for the tap off point
The short circuit set of values stay same across The short circuit set of values vary across tap off
any tap off points points based on there distance from origin.
When designing systems where the details When designing systems where BTS riser needs
about the BTS are not know at the design time, to be used, it is advised to use Non Uniform BTS
it is advised to use Uniform BTS as it will take as the tap off points will not be equidistance from
into consideration derated voltage drop and each other.
short circuit set
Important note: The busbar trunking system selected by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial will remain the same
irrespective of whether a uniform / non uniform distribution type is chosen as far as the voltage drop is acceptable.
29.2. Choosing uniform or non-uniform calculation for busbar trunking syste m ?

Uniform calculation has to be used for the case of a busbar trunking system in case of:
power distribution where tap-off units can be regularly plugged,
place of the tap-off units can not be determine accurately,
flexibility is required to réorganise a workshop for example, and the tap-off unit may be moved from a place to
another.
29.3. Distance from origin

This property represents the distance of tap off point’s for the BTS and is seen on feeder circuits connected to the
BTS when the feeder distribution type is set to non uniform. The distance from origin can be set to zero and should be
less than or equal to the length of the BTS to which it is connected. Multiple tap-off points having same distance from
origin can also be specified.
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial does not distinguish between uniform and non uniform from a schematic
perspective (SLD).
In case of BTS where feeder distribution is non uniform, the component voltage drop and short circuit set represented
in the report section, shows the total cumulative values of the tap off points along with the component’s voltage drop
and short circuit set.

30. MV protective device

3 possibilities are available for MV protective device:
“undefined”, in that case EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial will not propose any protection device, only the
breaking time of the protection is requested to check the thermal stress of LV connection between transformer
and main switchboard,
“fuse”, in that case EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial will select the appropriate fuses for the MV/LV
transformer (refer to MV fuse technology),
“relay”, in that case EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial will propose a relay for MV/LV transformer protection
(refer to Type of MV relay).
30.1. MV fuse technology

DIN and UTE fuses are available in EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial.
DIN technology will results in choosing fuses in Fusarc range.
UTE technology will results in choosing fuses in Solefuse range.
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial selects the fuses rating according to voltage and transformer power in order to:
break short-circuit current across the terminal of the transformer secondary,
prevent unexpected tripping due to transformer inrush current.
30.2. Type of MV relay

Digital and self-powered relays are available in EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial providing transformer
protection against:
internal short-circuits in MV windings,
internal short-circuits in LV windings,
short-circuits on LV cable or busway between transformer and LV circuit-breaker
it’s also a back-up for main LV circuit-breaker.
This type of protection is also known as ANSI 50/51.
30.2.1. Digital relays
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial calculates default settings with 2 definite-time thresholds for short-circuit
detection upstream the transformer.
The lower threshold is set:
20% lower than minimum LV short-circuit current
seen from MV side Ikmin(LV),
time delay to 0,5 s to prevent tripping during inrush
current.
The upper threshold is set:
greater than transformer assigned current,
greater than transformer inrush current,
greater than the greatest LV short-circuit current
seen from MV side,
20% lower than minimum MV short-circuit current
Ik2min,
time delay is set as lower as possible (0,05 s).
In addition to default settings EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial provides

a set of parameter for manual settings:
1 common current setting from 1 to 6250 A,
up to 4 time-current thresholds with there own current and time
setting, by default only 2 activated threshold
Each time-current can be set among definite-time and 5 time-dependent
curves (refer to Time dependent tripping curves for MV digital relay).

30.2.2. VIP 40/45 self-powered relay

Self-powered relay are selected among VIP 40 and VIP 45 ranges designed for transformer protection up to 200A.
Setting is done through 2 parameters:
current setting, selected by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial in compliance with the transformer rated
current,
discrimination with CB threshold, selected when the LV protection is a circuit breaker.
Discrimination with CB threshold activated Discrimination with CB threshold inhibited
30.2.3. Time dependent tripping curves for MV digital relay

5 types of time-dependent tripping curves are available in EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial:
SIT,
VIT,
LTI,
EIT,
UI.
The generic equation for time-dependent curves is:
With:
Is = current setting,
T = time delay setting at 10 x Is.
k α β
SIT 0,14 0,02 2,97
VIT 13,5 1 1,5
LTI 120 1 13,33
EIT 80 2 0,808
UI 315,2 2,5 1

1000
SIT VIT - LTI EIT UI
100
10
t (s)
1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
0,1
0,01
0,001
I (A)
Time-dependent tripping curves comparison, for Is = 10 A

31. UPS
31.1. UPS inputs connection
In EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial only on-line UPS are available, for more information on this technology:
Electrical Installation Wiki.
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial proposes 2 possibilities for the inputs connection:
common, in that case Normal and Bypass are connected and fed by one feeder circuit with one common
upper protection,
separated, in that case Normal and Bypass are connected to separate upstream feeder.
The default value proposed by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial depends on the UPS characteristics and power:
for small UPS (low power) the connections are common by default,
for medium and high power UPS the connections are separated by default.
When the default value is “Common” it’s possible to change it to “Separated”, in that case the lock next to the
parameter closes .
Common Normal and Bypass connection Separated Normal and Bypass connection

31.2. UPS requested redundancy

This parameter is used to define the level of redundancy requested for the UPS solution.
EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial sizes the UPS taking into account the following rules:
the UPS power has to be greater or equal to the power demand,
the UPS power has to be at least twice greater than the biggest downstream feeder in order to ensure proper
discrimination between this feeder and UPS internal output protection.
When a redundancy level is requested EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial will select a solution with multiple UPS
units in order that in case of a failure detected on one unit the percentage of redundancy can be used to supply
downstream installation.
Here is an example with 2 feeders connected downstream an USP with respective power demand:
- 100 kVA,
- 10 kVA.
Taking into account the diversity factor of 0.9 on bubsar WC15 the total power demand for the UPS is 99 kVA.
The following table shows the solutions proposed by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial depending the requested
level of redundancy.
Solution Calculation rules

No redundancy Galaxy PW 1 x 200 kVA SUPS ≥ 99 kVA,
SUPS ≥ 2 x 100 kVA.
50% redundancy Galaxy PW 3 x 100 kVA including: SUPS ≥ 99 kVA,
2 x 100 kVA for power demand request, SUPS ≥ 2 x 100 kVA,
1 x 100 kVA for requested redundancy. Sredundancy ≥ 0,5 x SUPS
100% redundancy Galaxy PW 4 x 100 kVA including: SUPS ≥ 99 kVA,
2 x 100 kVA for power demand request, SUPS ≥ 2 x 100 kVA,
2 x 100 kVA for requested redundancy. Sredundancy ≥ 1 x SUPS
31.3. UPS mode

When UPS
UPS inputs connection are separated, EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial requests the definition of an operating
mode to describe the operating conditions for bypass input.
Once an operating mode is created for bypass operating condition, the UPS mode parameter has to be set to
“Bypass”.

31.4. UPS transformer requested

EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial offers the possibility to request a downstream LV/LV transformer, sized
according to UPS selection.
By default the option is set to “False”, when the user set is to “True”, then an output LV/LV transformer is selected
allowing:
galvanic insulation between upstream and downstream circuit
voltage adaptation between primary and secondary,
system earthing arrangement adaptation between primary and secondary Electrical Installation Wiki.
Without transformer With transformer requested
In that case, output voltage and system earthing

arrangement can be set to a different value from
input.
Transformers can also be used on input connection of the UPS.

In that case EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial will check the following rules:
consistency of voltage coming from Normal and Bypass input,
consistency of system earthing arrangement coming from Normal and Bypass input.

31.5. Number of UPS

This is the total number of UPS unit for the solution including:
UPS to supply power demand,
UPS for redundancy, refer to UPS requested redundancy.
31.6. Number of UPS for redundancy

This is the number of UPS that have been sized to take into account the requested redundancy:
refer to UPS requested redundancy.
31.7. Number of bypass

Depending on the UPS technology, in case of multiple unit solution, 2 types of bypass can be proposed:
solution with one bypass per UPS unit,
solution with a bypass common to several units.
In case of a solution with common bypass, the number of bypass displayed by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial
will be lower than the number of UPS unit.
One bypass per UPS unit Common bypass for several units
31.8. Battery backup time

This information is not calculated by EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial, but EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial
provides the standard range possibilities for the selection UPS.
For more information on UPS battery: Electrical Installation Wiki.

32. Surge Protection Devices

EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial software will propose installation of SPD on switchboards based on a risk
assessment category already known to the designer of the electrical network. Also, if there are sensitive equipment in
the installation, the software will propose additional SPD on the switchboards where these equipment will be
connected.
Three test classes are defined for SPD connected to LV distribution:
• Class I tests: They are conducted using nominal discharge current (In), voltage
impulse with 1.2/50 μs waveshape and impulse current Iimp.
The class I tests is to simulate partial conducted lightning current impulses.
SPDs subjected to class I test methods are generally recommended for locations
at points of high exposure, e.g., line entrances to buildings protected by lightning
Protection systems.
• Class II tests: They are conducted using nominal discharge current (In), voltage
impulse with 1.2/50 μs waveshape
• Class III tests: They are conducted using the combination waveform (1.2/50 and
8/20 μs).
SPDs tested to class II or III test methods are subjected to impulses of shorter duration. These SPDs are generally
recommended for locations with lesser exposure.
SPDs are classified in three categories:

1. Type 1: SPD tested to Class I
2. Type 2: SPD tested to Class II
3. Type 3: SPD tested to Class III
For more information on SPD: Electrical Installation Wiki

32.1. Enable / Disable Surge Protection Devices
• The necessary assessment of the electrical installation is required.

• If there is an existing lightning protection, the designer needs to provide the correct value of Imax.
• If there is no lightning protection, designer needs to provide the correct over voltage risk for the
installation.
• If the device/load is sensitive to over voltage and its distance from busbar is >10m, then it is
recommended to use a Type 3 / Class III surge arrester.
This option is used to enable or disable the surge protection device calculation for the installation.
If the option chosen in "Yes"
• One or more surge protection devices are calculated for the installation based on the risk assessment
of the installation
• High level risk assessment of the installation is carried out by the software to ensure that the correct
category / class of the surge arrester is chosen.
o In the cases where a lightning protection system is used for the installation ( i.e. there is a
lightning rod on the building or within 50m of the building), the designer needs to provide the
correct value of Imax i.e. either 12.5kA or 25kA ( as per IEC 62305-2). Minimum required is
12.5kA / pole
o In the cases where there is no lightning protection system used for the installation, the
designer needs to choose the correct value of overvoltage risk for the installation. The
categories are
 Low
• Imax = 20kA
• Building located in an urban or suburban grouped housing area
 Medium
• Imax = 40 kA
• Building located in plains
 High
• Imax = 65kA
• Building located in an area where there is a special risk ( pylon, tree,
mountainous region, mountain peak, damp area or pond )
32.2. Sensitive to over voltage

This property is available at the loads to identify if they are sensitive to over voltage or not. If a device is sensitive to
over voltage and its distance from busbar is >10m, then it is recommended to use a Type 3 / Class III surge arrester
device with Imax = 8kA
32.3. Circuit Breaker implementation

This property is used for the designer to select if he /she wish to have a surge protection device with circuit breaker
integrated or separated.

32.4. Selection of Surge Protection Device
No LPS** With LPS**

Distance of the loads Type 2 Surge Arrester Type 1 Surge Arrester
< 10m
Distance of the loads Type 2 and 3 Type 1 and 3
> 10m
** LPS (Lightning Protection System) = Lightning rod, meshed cage buildings.
For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki


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EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 2/51

12.4. Visible break_______________________________________________________________________ 18

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 3/51

24.2. Which type of coordination is needed?__________________________________________________ 36

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 4/51

Failure to observe this information can result in injury or equipment damage.

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 5/51

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 6/51

Code IEC 81346-2 definition Examples Ecodial component

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 7/51

4. Main changes following the Cenelec TR50480 report

Rated voltage Voltage factor

4.2. Elimination of the no-load factor m

4.3. Calculation of short-circuit currents with parallel-connected transformers

Generator supply LV supply MV supply + parallel-connected MV/LV transformers

n T is the total number of transformers operating

4.4. Contribution of asynchronous motors to short-circuit currents

Type of supply Motor Total power rating of KM value

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 8/51

5. Types of system earthing

Where possible, the neutral

For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki.

5.1. Types of syste m earthing & recommendation

HAZARD OF FIRE OR EXPLOSION

6. Types of transformer losses

No-load losses (P0) Load losses (Pk)

Standard efficiency Standard efficiency

6.2. Dry-type transformers

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 10/51

7.1. Switchboard busbars

7.2. Distribution BTS

For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki.

7.3. Diversity factor and operating mode

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 11/51

8. Switchgear status and operating modes

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 12/51

Instantaneous setting of the downstream protective device

Crossing detection zone. Table zone.

9.1.2.Partial and total discrimination

For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki.

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 13/51

9.2. Discrimination of residual-current protective devices

I∆n x2 ≤ Ief → protection of persons OK

≥ 1.4 → time discrimination OK

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 14/51

9.3. Discrimination between MV and LV protective devices

For MV relays associated to MV circuit-breakers:

For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki.

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 15/51

10.2. Atte mpts to find a cascading solution

10.3. Limits on cascading

Circuit breaker downstream of parallel Circuit breakers on opposite sides of an

10.4. Other configurations for which cascading is not atte mpted

For more information: Electrical Installation Wiki.

11. Check on the thermal stress in cables

11.2. Necessary measures against thermal stress

© 2019 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Page 17/51

12. Switchgear Functions