Fuel System Diagnosis

Quick Training Guide – QL811A

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©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Normal MAF:
Normal

Injector ON Time:
Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Normal – Close to 0%

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Normal – About 3.3 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Normal – Slowly switching
between .2 and .9 volts

Click the tabs at the top to view each section

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

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 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Vacuum Leak Vacuum Leak allowing MAF:

unmetered air into the engine Lower than Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0101, P0171,
P0174
Injector ON Time:
Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Positive. Adjusts for intake air
that has bypassed the MAF

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Normal – About 3.3 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Normal – Slowly switching
between .2 and .9 volts

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

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 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Dirty MAF MAF:

Lower than Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0101, P0171,
P0174
Injector ON Time:
Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Positive. Compensating for the
low MAF sensor input

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Normal – About 3.3 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Normal – Slowly switching
between .2 and .9 volts

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

4 of 12
 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Degraded Catalyst MAF:

Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0420, P0430

Injector ON Time:
Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Normal – Close to 0%

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Normal – About 3.3 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Varies from .1 to .9 volts. When hot, the O2 Sensor will
respond rich/lean immediately after Air/Fuel mixture changes

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

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 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

A/F Ratio Sensor Biased Lean MAF:

Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0138, P0158
P2195, P2197
Injector ON Time:
Higher than Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Positive. Due to A/F Ratio Sensor
reporting false lean condition

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Biased lean, above 3.35 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
.7 to .9 volts constant
(due to rich mixture)

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

6 of 12
 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

AF Ratio Sensor Biased Rich MAF:

Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P2196, P2198

Injector ON Time:
Lower than Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Negative. Due to A/F Ratio Sensor
reporting false rich condition

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Biased rich, below 3.25 volts or less
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Less than .1 volt constant
(due to lean mixture)

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

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 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Oxygen Sensor Biased Lean MAF:

Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0136, P0156,
P0137, P0157
P0171, P0174 Injector ON Time:
Higher than Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Positive. Due to Oxygen Sensor
reporting false lean condition

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Approximately 3.1 volts due to rich condition
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Below 0.1 volt constant
(reporting a false lean condition)

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

8 of 12
 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Oxygen Sensor Biased Rich (Similar to A/F Sensor lean bias) MAF:
Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0136, P0156,
P0138, P0158,
P0139, P0159 Injector ON Time:
Lower than Normal

ECM
If Oxygen Sensor voltage is above
Hint 1.0 volt, check for wiring issues
or an out of spec Oxygen Sensor
heater. P0607 or P0606 may also Total Fuel Trim:
be present. Negative. Due to Oxygen Sensor
reporting false rich condition

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Approximately 3.5 volts due to lean condition
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
0.7 to 0.9 volts constant
(reporting a false rich condition)

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

9 of 12
 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Contaminated Fuel (High alcohol content) MAF:

Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0171, P0174

Injector ON Time:
Higher than Normal

ECM
Long term fuel trim will be very
Hint high under all driving conditions.
Total Fuel Trim:
Positive. Adjusts for low fuel
volatility

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Normal – About 3.3 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Normal – Slowly switching
between .2 and .9 volts

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

10 of 12
 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

Low Fuel Pressure MAF:

Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0171, P0174

Injector ON Time:
Higher than Normal

ECM
Long term fuel trim will be higher
Hint when operating under load.
Total Fuel Trim:
Positive. Adjusts for low fuel
pressure

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Normal – About 3.3 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Normal – Slowly switching
between .2 and .9 volts

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

11 of 12
 Lexus Fuel System Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QL811A
Normal Vacuum Dirty Degraded A/F Ratio Sensor A/F Ratio Sensor Oxygen Sensor Oxygen Sensor Contaminated Low Fuel High Fuel
Leak MAF Catalyst Biased Lean Biased Rich Biased Lean Biased Rich Fuel Pressure Pressure

• The ECM uses the MAF sensor and crankshaft position sensor signal (RPM) to calculate basic injection duration.
• The ECM uses the front (S1) A/F or O2 sensor(s) to make corrections to injection duration in order to keep the engine running at the ideal air/fuel ratio during
most engine operating conditions such as idle, cruising, etc. The amount of correction is known as fuel trim and may be zero (no adjustment), positive
(increase injector duration) or negative (decrease injector duration.)
• The ECM may also adjust fuel trim in response to different types of engine or sensor problems.
This Quick Training Guide describes general normal and abnormal operating conditions. Always refer to the Repair Manual procedures to confirm
your diagnosis.

High Fuel Pressure MAF:

Normal

CHECK
Possible DTCS:
P0172, P0175

Injector ON Time:
Lower than Normal

ECM

Total Fuel Trim:

Negative. Adjusts for high fuel
pressure / leaking injectors

Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Voltage:

Normal – About 3.3 volts
Oxygen Sensor Voltage:
Normal – Slowly switching
between .2 and .9 volts

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., September 17, 2012

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