Volume 145 Supplement 1 May 2019 ISSN 0020-7292

International Journal of

GYNECOLOGY
&OBSTETRICS
International Journal of
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor: R.M. Adanu (Ghana) GYNECOLOGY
OBSTETRICS
Editors Emeritus: T.R.B. Johnson (USA)

&
J.J. Sciarra (USA)

Regional representa ves:

Africa–Middle East: C. Chibwesha (South Africa)
Asia: P.P. Fogarty (Malaysia)
Europe: M. Geary (Ireland)
Laࢼn America: J.G. Ceca (Brazil)
North America: E. Stringer (USA)

Public Health Obstetric Consultant: E. Stringer (USA)

Ethical and Legal Issues in B. Dickens (Canada)

Reproduc ve Health: R. Cook (Canada)
C. Ngwena (South Africa)

Contemporary Issues in M. Geary (Ireland)

Women’s Health: E. Stringer (USA)
C. Chibwesha (South Africa)

FIGO Cancer Staging: N. Bhatla (India)

Sta s cal Consultant: A. Vahra an (USA)

Advisors: V. Boama (Qatar)

V. Guinto (Philippines) The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
C. Sosa (Uruguay)
(FIGO) Initiative on Pre-eclampsia: A Pragmatic Guide for
Managing Editor: A. Goggins (UK) First-Trimester Screening and Prevention
Manuscript Editor: S. Maprayil (UK)

Editorial Office: FIGO Secretariat, FIGO House

Liona C. Poon, Andrew Shennan, Jonathan A. Hyett, Anil Kapur, Eran Hadar,
Suite 3 - Waterloo Court, Hema Divakar, Fionnuala McAuliffe, Fabricio da Silva Costa, Peter von Dadelszen,
10 Theed Street, Harold David McIntyre, Anne B. Kihara, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Roberto Romero,
London, SE1 8ST, UK Mary D’Alton, Vincenzo Berghella, Kypros H. Nicolaides, Moshe Hod
Tel: +44 20 7928 1166
Fax: +44 20 7928 7099
E-mail: ijgo@figo.org IJGO Supplement Editor: Paul Fogarty

This journal is available online at Wiley Online Library. Visit

wileyonlinelibrary.com to search the articles and register
for table of contents and e-mail alerts.

IJGO_v145_s1_cover.indd 1 4/23/2019 4:02:55 PM

 Volume 145 Supplement 1 May 2019 ISSN 0020-7292

International Journal of

GYNECOLOGY
&OBSTETRICS
International Journal of
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor: R.M. Adanu (Ghana) GYNECOLOGY
OBSTETRICS
Editors Emeritus: T.R.B. Johnson (USA)

&
J.J. Sciarra (USA)

Regional representa ves:

Africa–Middle East: C. Chibwesha (South Africa)
Asia: P.P. Fogarty (Malaysia)
Europe: M. Geary (Ireland)
Laࢼn America: J.G. Ceca (Brazil)
North America: E. Stringer (USA)

Public Health Obstetric Consultant: E. Stringer (USA)

Ethical and Legal Issues in B. Dickens (Canada)

Reproduc ve Health: R. Cook (Canada)
C. Ngwena (South Africa)

Contemporary Issues in M. Geary (Ireland)

Women’s Health: E. Stringer (USA)
C. Chibwesha (South Africa)

FIGO Cancer Staging: N. Bhatla (India)

Sta s cal Consultant: A. Vahra an (USA)

Advisors: V. Boama (Qatar)

V. Guinto (Philippines) The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
C. Sosa (Uruguay)
(FIGO) Initiative on Pre-eclampsia: A Pragmatic Guide for
Managing Editor: A. Goggins (UK) First-Trimester Screening and Prevention
Manuscript Editor: S. Maprayil (UK)

Editorial Office: FIGO Secretariat, FIGO House

Liona C. Poon, Andrew Shennan, Jonathan A. Hyett, Anil Kapur, Eran Hadar,
Suite 3 - Waterloo Court, Hema Divakar, Fionnuala McAuliffe, Fabricio da Silva Costa, Peter von Dadelszen,
10 Theed Street, Harold David McIntyre, Anne B. Kihara, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Roberto Romero,
London, SE1 8ST, UK Mary D’Alton, Vincenzo Berghella, Kypros H. Nicolaides, Moshe Hod
Tel: +44 20 7928 1166
Fax: +44 20 7928 7099
E-mail: ijgo@figo.org IJGO Supplement Editor: Paul Fogarty

This journal is available online at Wiley Online Library. Visit

wileyonlinelibrary.com to search the articles and register
for table of contents and e-mail alerts.

IJGO_v145_s1_cover.indd 1 4/23/2019 4:02:55 PM

 SUMMARY OF AUTHOR GUIDELINES
(Full guidelines are available online at h p://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1879-3479/about/author-guidelines.html)

FIGO Officers
President: C. Füchtner (Bolivia)
INTRODUCTION LAYOUT OF MANUSCRIPTS
Vice-President: F. El Kak (Lebanon) Only original manuscripts that are submi ed Please refer to the online instruc ons for full
President-Elect: J. Conry (USA) exclusively to IJGO will be considered for publica on. details on how to structure your manuscript. All
Honorary Treasurer: C. Tippe (Australia & New Zealand)
The requirements of IJGO are in accordance with the submissions must be accompanied by a cover
Honorary Secretary: L. Regan (UK)
Past-President: C.N. Purandare (India) “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submi ed to le er addressed to the Editor. The first page of the
Interim Chief Execu ve H. Rushwan (UK)
Biomedical Journals” published by the Interna onal manuscript should contain the following: (1) tle; (2)
Commi ee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). full names of authors; (3) affilia ons of authors; (4)
FIGO Execu ve Board
Australia & New Zealand M. Permezel Japan A. Okamoto Editorial processes will adhere to the Commi ee of full contact details of the corresponding author; (5)
Brazil C.E. Fernandes Kenya R.J. Kosgei Publica on Ethics guidelines. a list of up to 8 keywords for indexing and retrieval;
Canada J. Blake Mexico E. Castelazo (6) a brief synopsis.
Chile M. Cuello Norway M. Steinholt SUBMISSION Clinical Ar cles and Review Ar cles require
Colombia J.D. Villegas Peru A. Celis
Ethiopia D.B. Mamo South Korea Y.T. Kim
IJGO will consider for publica on unsolicited an abstract of 200 words or fewer; Brief
France P. Descamps South Africa P. Soma-Pillay submissions of the following: Clinical Ar cles; Communica ons do not require an abstract.
Germany F. Louwen Sri Lanka H. Perera Review Ar cles; and Brief Communica ons Full length ar cles should be structured with
Guatemala E. Kestler Sudan S.M. Abdelkhair
(including Case Reports). All manuscripts should the following headings: Introduc on; Materials
India H. Divakar Sweden K.G. Danielsson
Ireland F. McAuliffe Tunisia N. Khaled be prepared according to the author guidelines and methods; Results; Discussion; Author
Italy R. Jura United Kingdom H. Fawzi available online. Manuscripts are submi ed to the contribu ons; Acknowledgments; Conflicts of
For informa on about FIGO: The Secretariat of FIGO is at FIGO House, Suite 3, Waterloo Court, 10 Theed Street, London, SE1 8ST UK. Tel.: +44 20 7928 1166; journal via the online service Editorial Manager interest; and References. Brief Communica ons
fax: +44 20 7928 7099. Email: figo@figo.org. Website: www.figo.org. All enquiries concerning FIGO may be sent to the Honorary Secretary at that address. (www.editorialmanager.com/IJG). Authors must first do not require headings for the main text, but
register for an account on Editorial Manager, ensuring should include the following sec ons: Author
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS (Print ISSN: 0020-7292; Online Disclaimer
that the details provided for the corresponding contribu ons; Acknowledgments; Conflicts of
ISSN: 1879-3479), is published monthly. US mailing agent: Mercury Media Processing, LLC, 1850 The Publisher, FIGO: The Interna onal Federa on of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Editors author are up-to-date so that all manuscript status interest; and References. Tables, figures, and
Elizabeth Avenue, Suite #C, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Periodical postage paid at Rahway, NJ. cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of informa on
contained in this journal; the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the
no fica ons are successfully received. Authors can suppor ng informa on may also be submi ed.
Postmaster: Send all address changes to INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OB- Publisher, FIGO: The Interna onal Federa on of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Editors, neither check the status of their manuscript during the
STETRICS, John Wiley & Sons Inc., C/O The Sheridan Press, PO Box 465, Hanover, PA 17331 USA. does the publica on of adver sements cons tute any endorsement by the Publisher, FIGO: The
Interna onal Federa on of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Editors of the products adver sed.
review process by logging into Editorial Manager. MANUSCRIPT CONTENTS
Copyright and Copying
Copyright © 2019 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. All rights re- Publisher
Queries rela ng to the submission process or to Where appropriate, statements on clinical trial
served. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS is published by John Wiley & journal procedures can be directed to the editorial registra on, Ethics Commi ee approval, and
or by any means without the prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Au- Sons Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1865 776868; fax: +44 office at ijgo@figo.org. informed consent should be included in the
thorization to copy items for internal and personal use is granted by the copyright hold- (0)1865 714591.
er for libraries and other users registered with their local Reproduction Rights Organisa- manuscript. Details of any sta s cal analysis
tion (RRO), e.g. Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
Journal Customer Services: For ordering informa on, claims and any enquiry concerning your
journal subscrip on please go to h ps://hub.wiley.com/community/support/onlinelibrary or
JOURNAL REQUIREMENTS conducted should be given in the methods. In line
01923, USA (www.copyright.com), provided the appropriate fee is paid directly to the contact your nearest office. Studies of pa ents, pa ent records, or volunteers with ICMJE standards, author contribu ons must be
RRO. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general
distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works
Americas: Email: cs-journals@wiley.com; Tel: +1 781 388 8598 or +1 800 835 6770 (toll free
in the USA & Canada).
require Ethics Commi ee approval and informed listed and a conflicts of interest statement be made.
or for resale. Permissions for such reuse can be obtained using the RightsLink “Request Europe, Middle East and Africa: Email: cs-journals@wiley.com; Tel: +44 (0) 1865 778315. consent. In compliance with ICMJE requirements, References should be presented as per the journal’s
Permissions” link on Wiley Online Library. Special requests should be addressed to:
permissions@wiley.com
Asia Pacific: Email: cs-journals@wiley.com; Tel: +65 6511 8000. all clinical trials must be prospec vely registered style. The editors reserve the right to make any
Japan: For Japanese speaking support, Email: cs-japan@wiley.com.
Delivery Terms and Legal Title Visit our Online Customer Help available in 7 languages at h ps://hub.wiley.com/community/ in a public trials registry. Purely observa onal necessary editorial changes.
Where the subscrip on price includes print issues and delivery is to the recipient’s address, support/onlinelibrary studies (those in which the assignment of the
delivery terms are Delivered at Place (DAP); the recipient is responsible for paying any import
duty or taxes. Title to all issues transfers Free of Board (FOB) our shipping point, freight pre-
Produc on Editor: Ika Lestari (email: ijgo@wiley.com). medical interven on is not at the discre on of the LICENSING
paid. We will endeavour to fulfil claims for missing or damaged copies within six months of
Wiley’s Corporate Ci zenship ini a ve seeks to address the environmental, social, economic,
and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder
inves gator) will not require registra on. Authors On acceptance, authors have the op on of
publica on, within our reasonable discre on and subject to availability. groups. Since launching the ini a ve, we have focused on sharing our content with those in wishing to use material that has already been publishing their manuscript under the terms of the
Informa on for subscribers need, enhancing community philanthropy, reducing our carbon impact, crea ng global guide- published must first obtain the permission of the journal’s standard copyright transfer agreement, or
lines and best prac ces for paper use, establishing a vendor code of ethics, and engaging our
Internaࢼonal Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is published in 12 issues per year. Ins tu onal
subscrip on prices for 2019 are: colleagues and other stakeholders in our efforts. Follow our progress at www.wiley.com/go/ copyright holder(s). Authors will be expected to under open access terms made available via Wiley
Print & Online: US$5,080 (US and Rest of World), €4,620 (Europe), £3,411 (UK). Prices are ci zenship provide the relevant documenta on on request. OnlineOpen.
exclusive of tax. Asia-Pacific GST, Canadian GST/HST and European VAT will be applied at ISSN 0020-7292 (Print)
the appropriate rates. For more informa on on current tax rates, please go to h ps://online ISSN 1879-3479 (Online)
library.wiley.com/library-info/products/price-lists/payment. The price includes online access Wiley is a founding member of the UN-backed HINARI, AGORA, and OARE ini a ves. Typeset in India by SPS.
to the current and all online back files to January 1st 2015, where available. For other pricing They are now collec vely known as Research4Life, making online scien fic content avail- Printed in the UK by Hobbs the Printers Ltd.
op ons, including access informa on and terms and condi ons, please visit h ps://online able free or at nominal cost to researchers in developing countries. Please visit Wiley’s For submission instruc ons, subscrip on and all other informa on visit: wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijgo
library.wiley.com/library-info/products/price-lists. Terms of use can be found here: h ps:// Content Access – Corporate Ci zenship site: h p://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Sec on/
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-condi ons id-390082.html INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS is indexed by Academic OneFile (GALE Cengage); CAB Abstracts® (CABI); Centre for
Back issues: Single issues from current and recent volumes are available at the current sin- OnlineOpen Agriculture and Biosciences Interna onal (CABI); CINAHL: Cumula ve Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (EBSCO Publishing); Current
gle issue price from cs-journals@wiley.com. Earlier issues may be obtained from Periodicals INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS accepts ar cles for Open Access Contents: Clinical Medicine (Clarivate Analy cs); Embase (Elsevier); Family & Society Studies Worldwide (EBSCO Publishing); Gender Studies
Service Company, 351 Fairview Avenue – Ste 300, Hudson, NY 12534, USA. Tel: +1 518 822- publica on. Please visit h ps://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/ Collec on (GALE Cengage); Gender Studies Database (EBSCO Publishing); InfoTrac (GALE Cengage); MEDLINE/PubMed (NLM); Science Cita on
9300, Fax: +1 518 822-9305, Email: psc@periodicals.com open-access/onlineopen.html for further informa on about OnlineOpen. Index Expanded (Clarivate Analy cs); SCOPUS (Elsevier); Web of Science (Clarivate Analy cs); Women’s Studies Interna onal (EBSCO Publishing).

IJGO_v145_s1_cover.indd 2 4/23/2019 4:02:55 PM

 SUMMARY OF AUTHOR GUIDELINES
(Full guidelines are available online at h p://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1879-3479/about/author-guidelines.html)

FIGO Officers
President: C. Füchtner (Bolivia)
INTRODUCTION LAYOUT OF MANUSCRIPTS
Vice-President: F. El Kak (Lebanon) Only original manuscripts that are submi ed Please refer to the online instruc ons for full
President-Elect: J. Conry (USA) exclusively to IJGO will be considered for publica on. details on how to structure your manuscript. All
Honorary Treasurer: C. Tippe (Australia & New Zealand)
The requirements of IJGO are in accordance with the submissions must be accompanied by a cover
Honorary Secretary: L. Regan (UK)
Past-President: C.N. Purandare (India) “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submi ed to le er addressed to the Editor. The first page of the
Interim Chief Execu ve H. Rushwan (UK)
Biomedical Journals” published by the Interna onal manuscript should contain the following: (1) tle; (2)
Commi ee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). full names of authors; (3) affilia ons of authors; (4)
FIGO Execu ve Board
Australia & New Zealand M. Permezel Japan A. Okamoto Editorial processes will adhere to the Commi ee of full contact details of the corresponding author; (5)
Brazil C.E. Fernandes Kenya R.J. Kosgei Publica on Ethics guidelines. a list of up to 8 keywords for indexing and retrieval;
Canada J. Blake Mexico E. Castelazo (6) a brief synopsis.
Chile M. Cuello Norway M. Steinholt SUBMISSION Clinical Ar cles and Review Ar cles require
Colombia J.D. Villegas Peru A. Celis
Ethiopia D.B. Mamo South Korea Y.T. Kim
IJGO will consider for publica on unsolicited an abstract of 200 words or fewer; Brief
France P. Descamps South Africa P. Soma-Pillay submissions of the following: Clinical Ar cles; Communica ons do not require an abstract.
Germany F. Louwen Sri Lanka H. Perera Review Ar cles; and Brief Communica ons Full length ar cles should be structured with
Guatemala E. Kestler Sudan S.M. Abdelkhair
(including Case Reports). All manuscripts should the following headings: Introduc on; Materials
India H. Divakar Sweden K.G. Danielsson
Ireland F. McAuliffe Tunisia N. Khaled be prepared according to the author guidelines and methods; Results; Discussion; Author
Italy R. Jura United Kingdom H. Fawzi available online. Manuscripts are submi ed to the contribu ons; Acknowledgments; Conflicts of
For informa on about FIGO: The Secretariat of FIGO is at FIGO House, Suite 3, Waterloo Court, 10 Theed Street, London, SE1 8ST UK. Tel.: +44 20 7928 1166; journal via the online service Editorial Manager interest; and References. Brief Communica ons
fax: +44 20 7928 7099. Email: figo@figo.org. Website: www.figo.org. All enquiries concerning FIGO may be sent to the Honorary Secretary at that address. (www.editorialmanager.com/IJG). Authors must first do not require headings for the main text, but
register for an account on Editorial Manager, ensuring should include the following sec ons: Author
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS (Print ISSN: 0020-7292; Online Disclaimer
that the details provided for the corresponding contribu ons; Acknowledgments; Conflicts of
ISSN: 1879-3479), is published monthly. US mailing agent: Mercury Media Processing, LLC, 1850 The Publisher, FIGO: The Interna onal Federa on of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Editors author are up-to-date so that all manuscript status interest; and References. Tables, figures, and
Elizabeth Avenue, Suite #C, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Periodical postage paid at Rahway, NJ. cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of informa on
contained in this journal; the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the
no fica ons are successfully received. Authors can suppor ng informa on may also be submi ed.
Postmaster: Send all address changes to INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OB- Publisher, FIGO: The Interna onal Federa on of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Editors, neither check the status of their manuscript during the
STETRICS, John Wiley & Sons Inc., C/O The Sheridan Press, PO Box 465, Hanover, PA 17331 USA. does the publica on of adver sements cons tute any endorsement by the Publisher, FIGO: The
Interna onal Federa on of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Editors of the products adver sed.
review process by logging into Editorial Manager. MANUSCRIPT CONTENTS
Copyright and Copying
Copyright © 2019 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. All rights re- Publisher
Queries rela ng to the submission process or to Where appropriate, statements on clinical trial
served. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS is published by John Wiley & journal procedures can be directed to the editorial registra on, Ethics Commi ee approval, and
or by any means without the prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Au- Sons Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1865 776868; fax: +44 office at ijgo@figo.org. informed consent should be included in the
thorization to copy items for internal and personal use is granted by the copyright hold- (0)1865 714591.
er for libraries and other users registered with their local Reproduction Rights Organisa- manuscript. Details of any sta s cal analysis
tion (RRO), e.g. Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
Journal Customer Services: For ordering informa on, claims and any enquiry concerning your
journal subscrip on please go to h ps://hub.wiley.com/community/support/onlinelibrary or
JOURNAL REQUIREMENTS conducted should be given in the methods. In line
01923, USA (www.copyright.com), provided the appropriate fee is paid directly to the contact your nearest office. Studies of pa ents, pa ent records, or volunteers with ICMJE standards, author contribu ons must be
RRO. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general
distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works
Americas: Email: cs-journals@wiley.com; Tel: +1 781 388 8598 or +1 800 835 6770 (toll free
in the USA & Canada).
require Ethics Commi ee approval and informed listed and a conflicts of interest statement be made.
or for resale. Permissions for such reuse can be obtained using the RightsLink “Request Europe, Middle East and Africa: Email: cs-journals@wiley.com; Tel: +44 (0) 1865 778315. consent. In compliance with ICMJE requirements, References should be presented as per the journal’s
Permissions” link on Wiley Online Library. Special requests should be addressed to:
permissions@wiley.com
Asia Pacific: Email: cs-journals@wiley.com; Tel: +65 6511 8000. all clinical trials must be prospec vely registered style. The editors reserve the right to make any
Japan: For Japanese speaking support, Email: cs-japan@wiley.com.
Delivery Terms and Legal Title Visit our Online Customer Help available in 7 languages at h ps://hub.wiley.com/community/ in a public trials registry. Purely observa onal necessary editorial changes.
Where the subscrip on price includes print issues and delivery is to the recipient’s address, support/onlinelibrary studies (those in which the assignment of the
delivery terms are Delivered at Place (DAP); the recipient is responsible for paying any import
duty or taxes. Title to all issues transfers Free of Board (FOB) our shipping point, freight pre-
Produc on Editor: Ika Lestari (email: ijgo@wiley.com). medical interven on is not at the discre on of the LICENSING
paid. We will endeavour to fulfil claims for missing or damaged copies within six months of
Wiley’s Corporate Ci zenship ini a ve seeks to address the environmental, social, economic,
and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder
inves gator) will not require registra on. Authors On acceptance, authors have the op on of
publica on, within our reasonable discre on and subject to availability. groups. Since launching the ini a ve, we have focused on sharing our content with those in wishing to use material that has already been publishing their manuscript under the terms of the
Informa on for subscribers need, enhancing community philanthropy, reducing our carbon impact, crea ng global guide- published must first obtain the permission of the journal’s standard copyright transfer agreement, or
lines and best prac ces for paper use, establishing a vendor code of ethics, and engaging our
Internaࢼonal Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is published in 12 issues per year. Ins tu onal
subscrip on prices for 2019 are: colleagues and other stakeholders in our efforts. Follow our progress at www.wiley.com/go/ copyright holder(s). Authors will be expected to under open access terms made available via Wiley
Print & Online: US$5,080 (US and Rest of World), €4,620 (Europe), £3,411 (UK). Prices are ci zenship provide the relevant documenta on on request. OnlineOpen.
exclusive of tax. Asia-Pacific GST, Canadian GST/HST and European VAT will be applied at ISSN 0020-7292 (Print)
the appropriate rates. For more informa on on current tax rates, please go to h ps://online ISSN 1879-3479 (Online)
library.wiley.com/library-info/products/price-lists/payment. The price includes online access Wiley is a founding member of the UN-backed HINARI, AGORA, and OARE ini a ves. Typeset in India by SPS.
to the current and all online back files to January 1st 2015, where available. For other pricing They are now collec vely known as Research4Life, making online scien fic content avail- Printed in the UK by Hobbs the Printers Ltd.
op ons, including access informa on and terms and condi ons, please visit h ps://online able free or at nominal cost to researchers in developing countries. Please visit Wiley’s For submission instruc ons, subscrip on and all other informa on visit: wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijgo
library.wiley.com/library-info/products/price-lists. Terms of use can be found here: h ps:// Content Access – Corporate Ci zenship site: h p://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Sec on/
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-condi ons id-390082.html INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS is indexed by Academic OneFile (GALE Cengage); CAB Abstracts® (CABI); Centre for
Back issues: Single issues from current and recent volumes are available at the current sin- OnlineOpen Agriculture and Biosciences Interna onal (CABI); CINAHL: Cumula ve Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (EBSCO Publishing); Current
gle issue price from cs-journals@wiley.com. Earlier issues may be obtained from Periodicals INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS accepts ar cles for Open Access Contents: Clinical Medicine (Clarivate Analy cs); Embase (Elsevier); Family & Society Studies Worldwide (EBSCO Publishing); Gender Studies
Service Company, 351 Fairview Avenue – Ste 300, Hudson, NY 12534, USA. Tel: +1 518 822- publica on. Please visit h ps://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/ Collec on (GALE Cengage); Gender Studies Database (EBSCO Publishing); InfoTrac (GALE Cengage); MEDLINE/PubMed (NLM); Science Cita on
9300, Fax: +1 518 822-9305, Email: psc@periodicals.com open-access/onlineopen.html for further informa on about OnlineOpen. Index Expanded (Clarivate Analy cs); SCOPUS (Elsevier); Web of Science (Clarivate Analy cs); Women’s Studies Interna onal (EBSCO Publishing).

IJGO_v145_s1_cover.indd 2 4/23/2019 4:02:55 PM