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    Pre LABb

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    Rʌʜɘɘɭ Aŋsʌʀɩ
    The document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent circuit theorems and maximum power transfer theory. It involves: 1. Analyzing a circuit using Pspice simulations and theoretical calculations to find voltages, currents, and power. 2. Determining the open circuit voltage between two points to find the Thevenin equivalent resistance. 3. Modifying the circuit to find the Norton equivalent current and comparing simulation results to theoretical values. 4. Repeating simulations with different resistive loads and recording the results. 5. Calculating the Thevenin and Norton equivalent resistances theoretically.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pre LABb

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    Rʌʜɘɘɭ Aŋsʌʀɩ
    59 views5 pages
    The document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent circuit theorems and maximum power transfer theory. It involves: 1. Analyzing a circuit using Pspice simulations and theoretical calculations to find voltages, currents, and power. 2. Determining the open circuit voltage between two points to find the Thevenin equivalent resistance. 3. Modifying the circuit to find the Norton equivalent current and comparing simulation results to theoretical values. 4. Repeating simulations with different resistive loads and recording the results. 5. Calculating the Thevenin and Norton equivalent resistances theoretically.

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    The document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent circuit theorems and maximum power transfer theory. It involves: 1. Analyzing a circuit using Pspice simulations and theoretical calculations to find voltages, currents, and power. 2. Determining the open circuit voltage between two points to find the Thevenin equivalent resistance. 3. Modifying the circuit to find the Norton equivalent current and comparing simulation results to theoretical values. 4. Repeating simulations with different resistive loads and recording the results. 5. Calculating the Thevenin and Norton equivalent resistances theoretically.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    59 views5 pages

    Pre LABb

    Uploaded by

    Rʌʜɘɘɭ Aŋsʌʀɩ
    The document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent circuit theorems and maximum power transfer theory. It involves: 1. Analyzing a circuit using Pspice simulations and theoretical calculations to find voltages, currents, and power. 2. Determining the open circuit voltage between two points to find the Thevenin equivalent resistance. 3. Modifying the circuit to find the Norton equivalent current and comparing simulation results to theoretical values. 4. Repeating simulations with different resistive loads and recording the results. 5. Calculating the Thevenin and Norton equivalent resistances theoretically.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Thevenin’s and Norton’s Equivalent Circuit Theorems and Maximum

    Power Transfer Theory


    Objectives:
     Verify Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuit theorems.
     Verify the maximum power transfer theorem.
     Recognize some of the qualitative behavior/trends of voltages and currents, and
    power in electric circuits.
    Pre-Lab:
    I. Perform Pspice simulations and theoretical analysis for the circuit shown in Figure
    1.
    a) Find the voltage for each component, current through each branch and power
    supplied/absorbed by each element.
    b) Determine the open circuit voltage between point “a” and point “b”
    c) Compare the voltage across

    SOLUTION:

    THEORETICAL RESULTS:

    V 1−5 V 1−10 V 1−0


    + + =0
    1K 1K 1 K + 2.2 K

    2V 1−15 V1
    + =0
    1K 3.2 K
    V 1=6.488 V
    Current through R 1 is I 1
    −5+6.488
    I 1= =1.48 mA
    1000
    V R 1=1 K × 1.48 mA=1.48 V

    10−6.488
    I R 2=I 2= =3.514 mA
    1K
    V R 2=1 K × 3.514 mA
    V R 2=3.514 V
    6.486 V
    I R 3 =I 3= =2.026 mA
    3.2 K
    V R 3=2.026 mA ×1 K
    V R 3=2.026 V
    V R 4=2.026 mA × 2,2 K
    V OC =V R 4 =4.457 V
    DISCUSSION:
    In case of Open circuit between point a & b automatically all voltages drop across
    Vab but as we connect the RLOAD=0Ω resistor between points ab the following
    results appears for all voltages across resistors & branch currents . Similarly,
    Voltage across R4 will more than RLoad because short circuit resistance has 0 ohm
    resistance so minimum voltages drop across R load & maximum voltages drop across R4
    because its value is much greater than Rload
    II. Draw a new circuit to find Norton’s Equivalent Current ( I N = ISC ). For the new
    circuit, use circuit from Figure 1, connect the points “a”, and point “b” using a
    wire. The current flowing from point “a” to point “b” is the Norton’s Equivalent
    Current ( IN = ISC ).
    V th
    I N =I SC =
    R eq
    Calculation for Req divided the voltage source by short circuit then
    R EQ=1 K +1 K + 0.891 K =2.891 K

    V th 4.57
    I N =I SC = = =1.542 mA
    R eq 2.891 K

    I N =I SC =1.542 mA

    a) Perform Pspice simulations and theoretical analysis for the new circuit.

    b) Find the voltage for each component, current through each branch and power
    supplied/absorbed by each element.

    TABLE 1: RESULTS WITH NO LOAD


    CIRCUIT VOLTAGES
    VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6
    1.03 3.972 2.94 3.08 1.54 1.54
    CURRENT THROUGH EACH COMPONENT
    IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4 IR5 IR6
    1.03 mA 3.97mA 2.944mA 1.402mA 1.542mA 1.542mA
    POWER OF EACH COMPONENT
    PR1 PR2 PR3 PR4 PR5 PR6
    1.057 mW 15.776 mW 8.667 mW 4.324 mW 2.378 mW 2.378 mW

    c) Compare the simulation results with the theoretical results with percentage of
    error.

    Experimental−Theoretical
    % Error= × 100 %
    Theoretical
    Solution: By using above formula we find that both theoretical & experimental values
    are close to each other with small percentage difference less than 2% which is
    acceptable.

    iii. Using Pspice simulation (circuit from Figure 1), find the

    a) Voltage, current and power of circuit in your report. RLoad where RLoad =
    1.5kΩ. Include this new circuit in your report.

    THEORETICAL RESULTS:

    V 1−5 V 1−10 V 1−0


    + + =0
    1K 1K 2.35 K

    2V 1−15 V1
    + =0
    1K 2.35 K

    V 1=6.1846 V

    Current through R 3 is I R 3

    6.1845
    I 1= =2.631mA
    2.35 K

    2.2 K
    I Load =2.631× =1.015 mA
    2.2 K +3.5 K

    V LOad=1 .015 mA ×1.5 K

    V LOad=1.5236 V
    TABLE 2: RESULTS WITH RLOALD=1.5K
    RLOAD VOLTAGE 1.523V
    RLOAD CURRENT 1.015 mA
    RLOAD POWER 1.55346mW
    Repeat step iii (a) with RLoad = 2.2k , 2.8k , and 4.4k. You do not need to include the
    circuits for this step in the report. Presents the results in a tabular form.

    TABLE 3: RESULTS WITH DIFFERENT RLOALD


    RLOAD =2.2K RLOAD =2.8K RLOAD =4.4K
    Power Voltages Current Power Voltag Current Power
    Voltages Current
    e
    1.69m 2.19V 0.78mA 1.72mW 2.69V 0.612mA 1.646mW
    1.927V 0.88mA
    W

    iv. Determine the Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent resistance


    ( RTh =R N =ROC =Rab) by theoretical analysis. Replace the two voltage sources with
    short circuits and find the open circuit resistance between point “a” and point “b” which
    is RTH.

    R EQ=1 K +1 K + 0.891 K =2.891 K

    RTH =RN =ROC =R ab=2.891 KΩ

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