Ideology of Pakistan

Quaid e Azam and two nation theory/Ideology of Islam

Personal life:

M A jinnah also known as the Quaid E Azam was born on 25 th December 1876 in Karachi. He
wassent to the Sindh madrasshah high school in 1887. He then joined the Mission High
school, Bombay from where he passed his Matriculation examination.

His father decided to send him to England to aquaire some business experience. Jinnah,
however had made his mind to receive education in law. He joined the LINCCON Inn, one of
the legal societies of England, which prepare student for Bar. In 1895 at the age of 19 he was
called to the bar. He successfully completed his studies and watched closely the British
political and parlimentory system. He used to visit the British house of commons to study its
working and system.

During his stay in England jinnah took keen interest in the Indian affaires. He took active part
in the election compaign of Dadabhai nooroji,a leading Indian nationalist when he ran for the
membership of British parliment. Dadabhai Nooroji won the election to become the first ever
Indian to be elected to the house of commons.

Jinnah returned to Karachi in 1896. By that time there was nothing for him in the father’s
business. He decided to become a Lawyer and started legel practice in Bombay. However he
had to work day and night to establish himself as the first rate lawyer.

Entry into Politics:

Jinnah first enter into the politics in 1960 by taking part in Calcutta session of the All Indian
National Congress. Jinnah joined the Congress because it aimed at secuiring self Gowerment
by adopting constitutional means.four year later jinnah was elected to the imperial legislative
council. It was the bignnning of a long and distinguished political career for jinnah.

Political Activities/Role of Jinnah:

In politics MA jinna was greatly impressed by Krishan Gopal, an eminent Congress

By 1906, the Muslims of sub-continent became conscious of their separate identity. All
India Muslim league was formed with the prime objective of protecting Muslims’interests.
Quaid e Azam did not invlve in the league’s politics and kept away from it.

The Quaid E Azam joined Muslim league in 1913 only after being assured that the Muslim
league, too, was committed to the Indian freedom and self rule.

Ambassader of Hindu Muslim Unity:

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The Quaid E Azam was a great advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity. He was of the opinion
that both hindu and Muslim should make joint effort to get rid of the British rule. He did lot
of work to bring both hindu and Muslim closer. It was mainly through his effort that Muslim
league and congress began to hold their annual meeting jointly to facilitate mutual consulation
and participation. In 1915 the two organizations held their meeting in Boombay and in 1916
in Lucknow wehere the lucknow pact was concluded. Under the terms of the pact the two
organizations gave their approval to a scheme of constitutional reform. A large hartedness
was demonstrated by both Muslim league and congress. Muslim league agreed to Hindus
demand of representation while congress agreed to Muslim participation in the legislative
bodies ccording to their strength. Congress also accepted Muslim demand of separate
electorate. Jinnah’s endeavours to bring about political union of Hindus and Muslim earned
him the tittle of best ambassador of Hindus-Muslim unity.

By 1920 Gandhi had emerged as political leader. He managed to control both the
congress and home rule league. Gandhi was basically an extremist hindu politician with
highly pro-Hindu approach to politics. Due to Gandhi non cooperation movement Quaid E
Azam resigned from congress in 1920. For a few years he kept himself away from active
politics. After leaving the congress he used the Muslim league platform for the projection of
his political views. But during 1920s the Muslim league and Quaid E Azam were over
shadowed by the congress and khilafat leader.

The post khilafat period saw the rise of jinnah as a leader of the Muslims. Before that,
and even in 1916 when he as the president of league, was instrumental in bringing about the
Lucknow pact. Jinnah was a through-going nationalist. But since the mid twenties he
increasingly identified himself with Muslims and Muslim league.

Jinnah re entered active politics in 1924. He believed in the constitutional progress in

A split emerged in the Muslim league over the acceptance of Simmon Commission with
jinnah acting in opposition to group led by Sir Shafi and joining hands with the congress in
boycotting the simon commission. His sincere endeavours to build hindu Muslim unity were
blatantly foiled by the publication of Nehru report which forced him to part ways with the
congress, never to seek unity with them again. Before parting ways he passionately tried to
convince the congress to incorporate his amendments in the Nehru Reporta at the national
convention convened by the congress at Calcutta that went unheeded and he was booed by the
congress participants. As the Nehru report failed to offer adequate safeguard to the Muslims,
jinnah had to come up with his famous 14 point(1929)which was restricted by the Muslims as
the basis of future Muslim demand.

Jinnah failure to bring about even minor changes in the Nehru Report over the question
of separate electorate and seats for the Muslims in legislatures League repudiated
disappointed him greatly. The Muslim league was a divided house at this moment and the
Punjab leadership repudiated jinnah’s leadership and organized itself separately under the

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leadership of Sir Muhammad Shafi. Feeling disgusted jinnah decided to leave India and settle
in England. During this period he devoted himself to legal practice appearing before the privy
council. He also represented Muslims in round table conference(1930-32).he was, however
persuaded by Liaqat Ali Khan to return the India when the constitutional changes were
introduced. He returned to India in the begining of 1935.

When Jinnah returned to India, congress was a far better organization than Muslim
League. Provincial election under the act of 1935 were held in 1937.the Quaid E Azam was
still thinking in terms of cooperation between Congress and Muslim League. The election of
1937 proved to be turning point in relation between two organizations. The Congress obtained
clear majority in six provinces. When Muslim league desired to form coalition government
with Congress, the Congress confused unless Muslim league subscribed to its creed. As a
consequences the relation between congress and Muslim league started to deteriorate and
soon Muslim discontent and disillusionment became boundless.

At this moment the Muslim of India disunited and dispaire, mass of men and women. The
congress decision of eliminating Muslim league from ministries widened the gap between the
Muslim and Hindus. Quaid e Azam was greatly pained to find congress acting in a highly
anti-Muslim behavior. He had to change his view about Hindu-Muslim unity and repudiated
his belief that India homogeneous country. He declared, ‘ Muslims can expect neither justice
nor fairplay under congress government’.

From the onward Jinnah recognized the Muslim league from being a debating party for
Muslim landed aristocracy and went to the masses for support. Within a brief period of four
years Jinnah awakened the slumbering Muslim masses, brought them on the platform and
under one banner and gave coherence to their innermost but vague urges andaspirations. The
sincere leadership of Jinnah stirred Muslim consiouseness and a hundred million people
discovered their soul and destiny. They shed their minority complex and developed a
consciousness of their own. Thus Jinnah became the unquestioned leader of Muslim
community and was elected each year as president of Muslim league. The bulk of Muslim
league all over the India supported Muslim league. They assembled under the flag of Muslim
league like a united whole and extendedthier full support to Jinnah. And it was out of sheer
gratitude for the stunning discovery of Muslim nationhood that the Muslim India hailed
Jinnah as the Quaid E Azam. Jinnah became great leader of Muslim India to take them to
their destiny of Pakistan.

Creator of Pakistan:

By 1939 the Quaid E Azam had emerged as disputed leader of Muslims who hadembarked
upon a new line of action. On December 29, 1939 soon after the registration of the congress
ministers, the Quaid E Azam gave a call to his Muslim brethren to observe the day of
deliverance and thanks giving. The call was wisely supported.

Three months later on 22-24 march, 1940 the Muslim League in its annuals meeting at Lahore
passed the famous Lahore Resolution for a separate homeland for the Muslims of India. The

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congress opposed the India of Pakistan. The Muslim under the dynamic leadership of Quaid E
Azam strove very hard to accomplish Pakistan on 14th August, 1947.

Two Nation Theory and Quaid E Azam:

Quaid E Azam was a staunch believer of Two Nation theory and considered the Muslim a
separate and distinct nation. He said. “ Pakistan was created the day the first Indian national
entered the fold of Islam”. He further said, “ The Muslim are a nation by every definition of
word nation. They have right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any mean
to promote and protect their economic, social, political and cultural interests.

Quaid E Azam had great stress on Islamic ideology as being the basis of the struggle for
Pakistan because he believed that Islam was the only unifying force of the Muslim Millat. He
said, “What a relationship knits the Muslim into one whole, which is the formidable rock on
which the Muslim edifies has been erected, which is the sheet anchor providing base to the
Muslim Millat, that relationship, the sheet anchor, and the rock is the Holy Quran.” In 1946
adressing a gathering at Islamia college, Peshawar, he said, “we did not demand Pakistan
simply to have a piece of land but we wanted a laboratory where we could experiment on
Islamic Principle”.

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